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freedom</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: religious freedom"> <meta name="keywords" content="religious freedom"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="religious freedom"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1649</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: religious freedom</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1469</span> Two Spherical Three Degrees of Freedom Parallel Robots 3-RCC and 3-RRS Static Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Abbasi%20Moshaii">Alireza Abbasi Moshaii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaghayegh%20Nasiri"> Shaghayegh Nasiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Tale%20Masouleh"> Mehdi Tale Masouleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of this study is static analysis of two three-degree of freedom parallel mechanisms: 3-RCC and 3-RRS. Geometry of these mechanisms is expressed and static equilibrium equations are derived for the whole chains. For these mechanisms due to the equal number of equations and unknowns, the solution is as same as 3-RCC mechanism. Mathematical software is used to solve the equations. In order to prove the results obtained from solving the equations of mechanisms, their CAD model has been simulated and their static is analysed in ADAMS software. Due to symmetrical geometry of the mechanisms, the force and external torque acting on the end-effecter have been considered asymmetric to prove the generality of the solution method. Finally, the results of both softwares, for both mechanisms are extracted and compared as graphs. The good achieved comparison between the results indicates the accuracy of the analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robotic" title="robotic">robotic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20analysis" title=" static analysis"> static analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3-RCC" title=" 3-RCC"> 3-RCC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3-RRS" title=" 3-RRS"> 3-RRS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24128/two-spherical-three-degrees-of-freedom-parallel-robots-3-rcc-and-3-rrs-static-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1468</span> Language Rights and the Challenge of National Integration: The Nigerian Experience</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Odewumi%20Olatunde">Odewumi Olatunde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adegun%20Sunday"> Adegun Sunday</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Linguistic diversity is seen to complicate attempts to build a stable and cohesive political community. Hence, the challenge of integration is enormous in a multi-ethno-lingual country like Nigeria. In the same vein, justification for minority language rights claims in relation to broader political theories of justice, freedom and democracy cannot be ignored. It is in the light of the fore-going that this paper explores Nigeria’s experiments at language policy and planning(LPP) and the long drawn agitations for self-determination and linguistic freedom by the minority ethnic groups in the polity which has been exacerbated by the National Policy on Education language provisions. The paper succinctly reviews Nigeria’s LPP efforts and its attendant theater of conflicts; explores international attempts at evolving normative principles of freedom and equality for language policy and finally evaluates the position of the Nigerian LPP in the light of evolving international conventions. On this premise, it is concluded that giving a conscientious and honest implementation of the Nigerian language provisions as assessed from their face validity, the nation’s efforts could be exonerated from running afoul of any known civilized values and best practices. It is, therefore, recommended that an effectual and consistent commitment to implementation driven by a renewed political will is what is required for the nation to succeed in this direction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integration" title="integration">integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rights" title=" rights"> rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=challenge" title=" challenge"> challenge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventions" title=" conventions"> conventions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy" title=" policy"> policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8878/language-rights-and-the-challenge-of-national-integration-the-nigerian-experience" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1467</span> Developing A Third Degree Of Freedom For Opinion Dynamics Models Using Scales</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dino%20Carpentras">Dino Carpentras</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alejandro%20Dinkelberg"> Alejandro Dinkelberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Quayle"> Michael Quayle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Opinion dynamics models use an agent-based modeling approach to model people’s opinions. Model's properties are usually explored by testing the two 'degrees of freedom': the interaction rule and the network topology. The latter defines the connection, and thus the possible interaction, among agents. The interaction rule, instead, determines how agents select each other and update their own opinion. Here we show the existence of the third degree of freedom. This can be used for turning one model into each other or to change the model’s output up to 100% of its initial value. Opinion dynamics models represent the evolution of real-world opinions parsimoniously. Thus, it is fundamental to know how real-world opinion (e.g., supporting a candidate) could be turned into a number. Specifically, we want to know if, by choosing a different opinion-to-number transformation, the model’s dynamics would be preserved. This transformation is typically not addressed in opinion dynamics literature. However, it has already been studied in psychometrics, a branch of psychology. In this field, real-world opinions are converted into numbers using abstract objects called 'scales.' These scales can be converted one into the other, in the same way as we convert meters to feet. Thus, in our work, we analyze how this scale transformation may affect opinion dynamics models. We perform our analysis both using mathematical modeling and validating it via agent-based simulations. To distinguish between scale transformation and measurement error, we first analyze the case of perfect scales (i.e., no error or noise). Here we show that a scale transformation may change the model’s dynamics up to a qualitative level. Meaning that a researcher may reach a totally different conclusion, even using the same dataset just by slightly changing the way data are pre-processed. Indeed, we quantify that this effect may alter the model’s output by 100%. By using two models from the standard literature, we show that a scale transformation can transform one model into the other. This transformation is exact, and it holds for every result. Lastly, we also test the case of using real-world data (i.e., finite precision). We perform this test using a 7-points Likert scale, showing how even a small scale change may result in different predictions or a number of opinion clusters. Because of this, we think that scale transformation should be considered as a third-degree of freedom for opinion dynamics. Indeed, its properties have a strong impact both on theoretical models and for their application to real-world data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degrees%20of%20freedom" title="degrees of freedom">degrees of freedom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empirical%20validation" title=" empirical validation"> empirical validation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opinion%20scale" title=" opinion scale"> opinion scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opinion%20dynamics" title=" opinion dynamics"> opinion dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132446/developing-a-third-degree-of-freedom-for-opinion-dynamics-models-using-scales" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1466</span> The Fabric of Culture: Deciphering the Discourse of Permitted and Prohibited Raw Materials for Clothing in Hadith Literature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadas%20Hirsch">Hadas Hirsch</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Clothing is aimed at concealing and revealing the body, protecting it, and manifesting religious, political, and social declarations. The material and symbolic meanings of clothing and its raw materials are evaluated through the context of their social, cultural, and religious systems. The raw materials for clothing that were frequent and familiar in the 7th century Arab Peninsula were wool, leather, cotton, and some kinds of silk. The spread of the Muslim empire and the intersections with other religions and cultures enable the trickling of new raw materials that were unknown to Muslims or unaccepted. The sources for this research are hadith collections that discuss in details various kinds of textiles and their origin, together with a legal explanation that permits or prohibits its use. The paper will describe and analyze this discussion by contextualizing it in social, religious, and cultural reality that creates a structure of socio-religious dependency. The aim is not to identify, catalogue, and technically analyze fabrics but to reveal their role in Muslims’ life as a means of creating dependency for the community and setting borders inside and outside. The analysis is built upon a scale that starts with the most recommended raw materials, then comes the permitted ones and, in the end, the prohibited raw materials. This mapping will provide an insight into the ways textiles, as a cultural medium, help to shape and redefine identities and, at the same time, enable a sphere for creative expression within socio-cultural and religious limits and context. To sum up, hadith literature has the main role is characterizing Muslim clothing, from garments to textiles and colors, including multiple variations and contradicting aspects. The Muslim style of clothing and, in particular, textiles is a manifestation of the socio-religious structure of dependency that creates differentiated Muslim identity together with subdivision of gendered groups. Some other aspects are the tension between authenticity and imitation and the jurists’ pragmatic and practice attitude that enables an individual sphere of expression within the limits of jurisprudence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jurisprudence" title=" jurisprudence"> jurisprudence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medieval%20Islam" title=" medieval Islam"> medieval Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20culture" title=" material culture"> material culture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123904/the-fabric-of-culture-deciphering-the-discourse-of-permitted-and-prohibited-raw-materials-for-clothing-in-hadith-literature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123904.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1465</span> Media in Architecture-Intervention and Visual Experience in Religious Space</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jorge%20Duarte%20de%20S%C3%A1">Jorge Duarte de Sá</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The appearance of the new media technologies has opened new fields of intervention in architecture creating a new dynamic communication in the relationship between public and space, where are present technological devices that enable a new sensory experience, aesthetic and even spiritual. This connection makes relevant the idea of rehabilitate architectonic spaces with new media technologies such as sacred spaces. This research aims to create a media project integrated in sacred spaces that combine Architecture, Art and New Technologies, exploring new perspectives and different dynamics in space. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media" title="media">media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title=" architecture"> architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20spaces" title=" religious spaces"> religious spaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=projections" title=" projections"> projections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contemplation" title=" contemplation"> contemplation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49495/media-in-architecture-intervention-and-visual-experience-in-religious-space" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49495.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1464</span> When Journalism Becomes a Burden: Practical Effect of Journalism Practices in Nigeria’s Developing Democracy under Muhammadu Buhari</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Israel%20Oguche">Israel Oguche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Journalism practice has faced several challenges across the globe, particularly in developing countries such as Nigeria. While Nigeria has thrived under democratic experiment for twenty years since the return to democracy in 1999, there is still a great lacuna in freedom of expression, such that the presidents, though elected democratically, have had the tendencies to use military might in clamping down on journalism practices across the country. Under Muhammadu Buhari, it seems Nigeria has returned to the military era when powers were used against who says what, on a media, so today, in Nigeria, there are obvious cases of outright human rights violations and detention of journalists whose offenses were not spelled out. From Abiri Jones to Abba Jalingo and Omoyele Sowore, Nigeria journalists have been placed under the cocoon of the tyrannical administration of Muhammadu Buhari, the president, with subsequent clamping down on the instruments of freedoms such as access to justice and fair hearing. This paper gave vivid analytical and empirical perspectives of journalism practice under the dark days of Muhammadu Buhari as Nigeria’s president. The objectives include; examining the core cases of attacks on journalists since 2015 to date, determining the burden of practicing journalism in a tyrannical government, reeling out the effects of restrictive practices of journalism on freedom of expression among Nigerians and proffering solutions for improvement in the years ahead. Using the cognitive dissonance theory, the survey method was used for the study, with qualitative research analysis as a tool for data presentation. In the findings, the number of journalists in jail for publishing objectively under the Buhari administration remains high while the government has clamped down on freedom of expression among the people. The study concluded that there is a need for repelling of laws made by the Nigeria government in order to save the Nigerian journalism industry from total collapse. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title="communication">communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developing%20democracy" title=" developing democracy"> developing democracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=press%20freedom" title=" press freedom"> press freedom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=journalism%20practices" title=" journalism practices"> journalism practices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118726/when-journalism-becomes-a-burden-practical-effect-of-journalism-practices-in-nigerias-developing-democracy-under-muhammadu-buhari" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118726.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1463</span> The Breakthrough of Sexual Cinematic Freedom in Denmark in the 1960s and 1970s</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S%C3%B8ren%20Birkvad">Søren Birkvad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper traces the development of sexual cinematic freedom in the wake of an epoch-making event in Danish cultural history. As the first in the world, the Danes abolished all censorship for adults in 1969, making the tiny nation of Denmark the world’s largest exporter of pornography for several years. Drawing on the insights of social and cultural history and the focus point of the National Cinema direction of Cinema Studies, this study focuses on Danish film pornography in the 1960s and 1970s in its own right (e.g., its peculiar mix of sex, popular comedy and certain ‘feminist’ agendas). More importantly, however, it covers a broader pattern, namely the culturally deep-rooted tradition of freedom of speech and sexual liberalism in Denmark. Thus, the key concept of frisind (“free mind”) in Danish cultural history took on an increasingly partisan application in the 1960s and 1970s. It became a designation for all-is-permitted hippie excess but was also embraced by dissenting movements on the left, such as feminism, which questioned whether a free mind necessarily meant free love. In all of this, Danish cinema from the 1960s and 1970s offers a remarkable source of historical insight, simultaneously reminding us of a number of acute issues of contemporary society. These issues include gendered ideas of sexuality and freedom then and now and the equivalent clash of cultures between a liberal commercial industry and the accelerating political demands of the “sexual revolution.” Finally, these issues include certain tensions between, on the one hand, a purely materialistic idea of sexual freedom – incarnated by anything from pornography to many of the taboo-breaking youth films and avant-garde films in the wake of the 1968-rebellion – and, on the other hand, growing opposition to this anti-spiritual perception of human sexuality (represented by for instance the ‘closet conservatism’ of Danish art film star Lars von Trier of nowadays). All in all, this presentation offers a reflection on ideas of sexuality and gender rooted in a unique historical moment in cinematic history. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danish%20film%20history" title="Danish film history">Danish film history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20history" title=" cultural history"> cultural history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20pornography" title=" film pornography"> film pornography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=history%20of%20sexuality" title=" history of sexuality"> history of sexuality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20cinema" title=" national cinema"> national cinema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20liberalism" title=" sexual liberalism"> sexual liberalism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132061/the-breakthrough-of-sexual-cinematic-freedom-in-denmark-in-the-1960s-and-1970s" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132061.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1462</span> Does Socio-Religious Categories Can Make Difference in Fertility: A Study of Malda District of West Bengal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazmul%20Hussain">Nazmul Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saba%20Owais"> Saba Owais</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper is an effort to come across the fertility differential by religion and socio-economic characteristic by religion. Religion and Socio-economic characteristic are conceptualised as touching demography in two ways- through its theoretical content, and in terms of the socio-economic ‘characteristics’ of different religious groups. The mean number of children ever born (MCEB) is used to measure fertility. Efficient contrast of Muslims and Non-Muslims shows little difference in their theological positions on demographic issues, with the omission of their position on birth control. The present paper using data from a primary field survey of 2590 households in the Malda district of West Bengal. Older and younger cohorts of women were examined separately for assessing fertility differential. MCEB was found to be high for women with husbands employed as labourers with a low monthly income. This was true for both the cohorts, but fertility levels were much higher among the older cohort. Low MCEB was found with increasing income and for those in regular salaried jobs. The analysis shows that there is a major dissimilarity in the effects of various socio-economic aspects on the number of children-ever-born among the religious groups, suggesting that religious groups may need to be targeted differently by policy-makers in order to influence demographic decision-making. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertility" title="fertility">fertility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic%20differences" title=" socio-economic differences"> socio-economic differences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religion" title=" religion"> religion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MCEB" title=" MCEB"> MCEB</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16792/does-socio-religious-categories-can-make-difference-in-fertility-a-study-of-malda-district-of-west-bengal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16792.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1461</span> A Pragma-Rhetorical Study of Christian Religious Pentecostal Sermons in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Alaba%20Akinwotu">Samuel Alaba Akinwotu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effectiveness in communication requires the deployment of pragmatic and rhetorical strategies in religious sermons. In spite of high volume of works in religious discourse, scholars have not adequately accounted for the persuasive and argumentation strategies employed in Christian religious Pentecostal sermons. This study examines communicative intentions and the pragma-rhetorical strategies deployed to maintain balance and effectiveness in selected sermons of Pastor E. A. Adeboye, Bishop D. Oyedepo and Pastor W. F. Kumuyi. Fifteen sermons, delivered orally and transcribed into the written mode, were selected and analysed using Jacob Mey’s theory of pragmeme, Aristotle’s rhetoric and the theory of argumentation by van Eemeren and Grootendorst. Speakers pract stating, encouraging, assuring, warning, condemning, directing, praising, thanking, etc. through rhetorical question, repetition, direct address, direct command and structural parallelism. They assume divine role by speaking authoritatively and they tactically and logically select words to legitimise their ideology. They also categorise and portray individuals and/or issues either as good or bad, sinner/sin or righteous/righteousness, etc. The study provides clearer insight into the pragmatic import and the communicative effectiveness of Christian Pentecostal sermons. Further research can juxtapose the pragma-rhetorical and argumentation strategies of preachers of two clearly differentiated movements within the Christian religion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=argumentation" title="argumentation">argumentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communicative%20intentions" title=" communicative intentions"> communicative intentions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pentecostal%20sermons" title=" pentecostal sermons"> pentecostal sermons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pragmeme" title=" pragmeme"> pragmeme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhetoric" title=" rhetoric"> rhetoric</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86793/a-pragma-rhetorical-study-of-christian-religious-pentecostal-sermons-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86793.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1460</span> The Embodied World — A Redefinition of "Emptiness" in Heart Sutra from the Perspective of Cognitive Science</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ke%20Ma">Ke Ma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Through the long course of history, Buddhism has captivated generations of brilliant minds with its enlightening but elusive discernment. Far from religious dogmas, Buddhism not only represents spiritual revelation, but also logical reasoning.Among all of Buddhism’s concepts, emptiness is the most famous, and abstruse one. This word resulted from an inaccurate translation confuses both Buddhists and religious scholars who understand Heart Sutra based on its English version. In this essay, the idea of “emptiness” will be reinterpreted as “information,” leading not only to a clarification of the ideology of Buddhism, but also to greater correspondence between Buddhism concepts and cognitive science. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religion" title="religion">religion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20science" title=" cognitive science"> cognitive science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychology" title=" psychology"> psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buddhism" title=" Buddhism"> Buddhism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17114/the-embodied-world-a-redefinition-of-emptiness-in-heart-sutra-from-the-perspective-of-cognitive-science" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17114.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1459</span> Belonging without Believing: Life Narratives of Six Social Generations of Members of the Apostolic Society</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frederique%20A.%20Demeijer">Frederique A. Demeijer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article addresses the religious beliefs of members of the Apostolic Society –a Dutch religious community wherein the oldest living members were raised with very different beliefs than those upheld today. Currently, the Apostolic Society is the largest liberal religious community of the Netherlands, consisting of roughly 15,000 members. It is characterized by its close-knit community life and the importance of its apostle: the spiritual leader who writes a weekly letter around which the Sunday morning service is centered. The society sees itself as ‘religious-humanistic’, inspired by its Judeo-Christian roots without being dogmatic. Only a century earlier, the beliefs of the religious community revolved more strongly around the Bible, the apostle is a link to Christ. Also, the community believed in the return of the Lord, resonating with the millenarian roots of community in 1830. Thus, the oldest living members have experienced fundamental changes in beliefs and rituals, yet remained members. This article reveals how members experience(d) their religious beliefs and feelings of belonging to the community, how these may or may not have changed over time, and what role the Apostolic Society played in their lives. The article presents a qualitative research approach based on two main pillars. First, life narrative interviews were conducted, to work inductively and allow different interview topics to emerge. Second, it uses generational theory, in three ways: 1) to select respondents; 2) to guide the interview methodology –by being sensitive to differences in socio-historical context and events experienced during formative years of interviewees of different social generations, and 3) to analyze and contextualize the qualitative interview data. The data were gathered from 27 respondents, belonging to six social generations. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed, using the Atlas.ti software program. First, the elder generations talk about growing up with the Apostolic Society being absolutely central in their daily and spiritual lives. They spent most of their time with fellow members and dedicated their free time to Apostolic activities. The central beliefs of the Apostolic Society were clear and strongly upheld, and they experienced strong belonging. Although they now see the set of central beliefs to be more individually interpretable and are relieved to not have to spend all that time to Apostolic activities anymore, they still regularly attend services and speak longingly of the past with its strong belief and belonging. Second, the younger generations speak of growing up in a non-dogmatic, religious-humanist set of beliefs, but still with a very strong belonging to the religious community. They now go irregularly to services, and talk about belonging, but not as strong as the elderly generations do. Third, across the generations, members spend more time outside of the Apostolic Society than within. The way they speak about their religious beliefs is fluid and differs as much within generations as between: for example, there is no central view on what God is. It seems the experience of members of the Apostolic Society across different generations can now be characterized as belonging without believing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generational%20theory" title="generational theory">generational theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=individual%20religious%20experiences" title=" individual religious experiences"> individual religious experiences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20narrative%20history%20interviews" title=" life narrative history interviews"> life narrative history interviews</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qualitative%20research%20design" title=" qualitative research design"> qualitative research design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114547/belonging-without-believing-life-narratives-of-six-social-generations-of-members-of-the-apostolic-society" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114547.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1458</span> Rethinking Political Secularism in Iranian Context: Intellectual Struggle in Post-Reformist Period</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alphan%20Telek">Alphan Telek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Political secularism is different from philosophical secularism in terms of its inclusionary, peaceful, liberal and democratic aspects. Secularism as a political principle not only takes the separation of state and religion as a basis but also it aims to exclude any kind of ethnic, religious, racial, gender domination at the state level. Thus, although political secularism does not see any problem with the visibility and implementation of religious views and symbols in the public sphere, it stands against the fusion of political power and religious views or more generally any kind of identity. Iranian context especially the post-reformist period, which starts in 2005, shows religious and/or reformist intellectuals try to put forward the political secularism and make it attractable to the large masses. Three prominent figures of reformist intellectualism Abdolkarim Soroush, Mohsen Kadivar and Akbar Ganji form the basic vocabulary of political secularism in the post-reformist period of Iran. Their intellectual and political struggle against the Islamic regime’s anti-democratic policies and actions do carry significance not only for Iranian democracy but also for all Muslim people around the world that demand a more equal, free, and just society. The political and intellectual discourses of Iranian intellectuals indicate that political secularism is a requirement of democratic state and society. In this paper, it is discussed the relationship between political secularism, state, society, and Islam. Thus, it will be argued that secularism as a political principle is increasingly held by Iranian intellectuals to show the relation between secularism and democracy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20secularism" title="political secularism">political secularism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iranian%20intellectuals" title=" Iranian intellectuals"> Iranian intellectuals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democracy" title=" democracy"> democracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Middle%20East" title=" Middle East"> Middle East</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49010/rethinking-political-secularism-in-iranian-context-intellectual-struggle-in-post-reformist-period" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49010.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1457</span> Muslim Social Workers and Imams’ Recommendations in Marital and Child Custody Cases of Persons with Intellectual or Mental Disability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badran%20Leena">Badran Leena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rimmerman%20Arie"> Rimmerman Arie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Arab society in Israel is undergoing modernization and secularization. However, its approach to disability and mental illness is still dominated by religious and traditional stereotypes, as well as folk remedies and community practices. The present study examines differences in Muslim social workers' and Imams' recommendations in marriage/divorce and child custody cases of persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) or mental illness. The study has two goals: (1) To examine differences in recommendations between Imams and Muslim social workers; (2) To explore variables related to their differential recommendations as observed in their responses to vignettes—a quantitative study using vignettes resembling existing Muslim religious (Sharia) court cases. Muslim social workers (138) and Imams (48) completed a background questionnaire, a religiosity questionnaire, and a questionnaire that included 25 vignettes constructed by the researcher based on court rulings adapted for the study. Muslim social workers tended to consider the religious recommendation when the family of a person with ID or mental illness was portrayed in the vignette as religious. The same applied to Imams, albeit to a greater extent. The findings call for raising awareness among social workers and academics regarding the importance of religion and tradition in formulating professional recommendations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20custody" title="child custody">child custody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20and%20developmental%20disability" title=" intellectual and developmental disability"> intellectual and developmental disability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marriage%2Fdivorce" title=" marriage/divorce"> marriage/divorce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20illness" title=" mental illness"> mental illness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sharia%20court" title=" sharia court"> sharia court</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20workers" title=" social workers"> social workers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141205/muslim-social-workers-and-imams-recommendations-in-marital-and-child-custody-cases-of-persons-with-intellectual-or-mental-disability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141205.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1456</span> The Meaning of the Best Interests of the Child in Indonesia’s Rampant Phenomenon of Child Marriage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elisabeth%20Sundari">Elisabeth Sundari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anny%20Retnowati"> Anny Retnowati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to examine the meaning of 'the best interests of the child' in Indonesia's rampant phenomenon of child marriage. The methodology used empirical and normative legal research by examining the parent's reason and the judges' considerations in granting child marriage dispensation applications. It takes data samples from judges' decisions purposively in two courts that differ in geographical and religious backgrounds to see data variation. Namely, the District Court and Religious Court of Yogyakarta City, as well as Gunung Kidul Regency, in the last three years (2020-2022). It analyses the data qualitatively to explore how judges interpreted 'the best interests of the child' in their decision. The results show that judges granted 100% of all child marriage dispensation applications filed by parents. The three reasons parents gave for applying for dispensation were that they were ashamed of having a pregnant child without being married, followed religious teachings, and obtained legal status for the baby. The judges supported those reasons by granting the dispensation application. The external factor of the child itself influenced the meaning of 'The best interests of the child' in marrying off children in Indonesia, such as cultural taboos, religious teachings, and obtaining legal status for the baby, rather than internal factors of the child, such as the will to marry, the mental and psychological readiness of the child to become a mother, as well as a wife. This research contributes to the finding that external factors, such as local culture and religion, can influence the meaning of 'the best interests of the child.' <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interests" title="interests">interests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child" title=" child"> child</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesia" title=" Indonesia"> Indonesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marriage" title=" marriage"> marriage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163581/the-meaning-of-the-best-interests-of-the-child-in-indonesias-rampant-phenomenon-of-child-marriage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1455</span> The Impact of the Religious and Cultural Factors on Saudi Female Studying in Western Institutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahar%20S.%20Moursi">Sahar S. Moursi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the unique background of the Saudi female international students who study in western institutes, they face tough challenges as English as a second language (ESL) learners. This paper draws on a Ph.D. study that examines a wide range of challenges faced by Saudi female international students when they study the English language and other academic subjects in a new culture. This research project followed the phenomenological approach and, more specifically, used the in-depth interview to provide an opportunity to the seven female participants to make their voices heard through telling their stories. The data analysis indicated that the Saudi female international students who study in western institutes are faced with religious and cultural challenges that impact their academic performance. This study is significant for the authorities in Saudi Arabia and the hosting universities as it gives essential recommendations to both sides of the aisle. It also provides the Saudi female international students with vital recommendations to better cope with those challenges. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20language%20learners" title="English language learners">English language learners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20and%20cultural%20background" title=" religious and cultural background"> religious and cultural background</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20female%20students" title=" Saudi female students"> Saudi female students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tough%20challenges" title=" tough challenges"> tough challenges</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101523/the-impact-of-the-religious-and-cultural-factors-on-saudi-female-studying-in-western-institutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101523.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1454</span> The Influence of Chinese Philosophic-Religious Traditions on Chinese Consumption Behaviour: Findings from the Taoist Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haiping%20Zhu">Haiping Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this work-in-progress paper is to explore how the Chinese philosophic-religious tradition of Taoism impacts on the consumption behaviour of contemporary Chinese consumers. Although much cultural research has been conducted on Chinese consumption behaviours, most studies have approached the subject from Western perspectives. Examination of the limited literature indicates a gap in the knowledge of the relationship of traditional Chinese Taoism philosophy and Chinese consumption behaviour. To bridge this gap, this study examines Chinese consumption behaviour at a Taoist-related Chinese religious festival - the DuanWu festival - in order to seek some understanding of how the Taoism philosophic-religious tradition influences Chinese consumption behaviour from the point of view of the individuals involved. It focuses attention on their expression of Taoism cultural values, purchasing experience and subsequent consumption behaviours. This study undertook multiple methods for Taoist case study data collection: accompanied shopping with Taoists before DuanWu Festival; participant observations during DuanWu Festival; and in-depth interviews in order to explore Taoists consumption behaviours at the end of the Festival. Specifically, the finding from the Taoist case study corroborates and details the influence of the Taoism doctrine: man–nature orientation, Fenshui, ecological effect, and ecological knowledge, on their attitudes toward green purchasing behaviour. Findings from this Taoist case study - one of a series of three Chinese philosophic religious tradition case studies - contribute to the deeper understanding of contemporary Chinese consumers from a non-Western viewpoint and offer initial insights for global marketers to differentiate consumer needs and develop effective marketing strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20behaviour" title="consumer behaviour">consumer behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture%20values" title=" culture values"> culture values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20purchase%20behaviour" title=" green purchase behaviour"> green purchase behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taoism" title=" Taoism"> Taoism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84766/the-influence-of-chinese-philosophic-religious-traditions-on-chinese-consumption-behaviour-findings-from-the-taoist-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1453</span> Reducing Stigma and Discrimination among Islamic Religious Officers Towards People Living with HIV/AIDS in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hazlin%20Kadir%20Shahar">Hazlin Kadir Shahar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Razaleigh%20Muhamat%20Kawangit"> Razaleigh Muhamat Kawangit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badlihisham%20%20Mohd%20Nasir"> Badlihisham Mohd Nasir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosmawati%20Mohamad%20Rasit"> Rosmawati Mohamad Rasit </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stigma and discrimination have become the main topic of discussion when dealing with HIV/AIDS issues. They affect the daily life of People Living With HIV(PLHIV), families, friends and people around them indirectly. This paper discusses the potential measurement in helping to reduce stigma and discrimination existence among Islamic Religious Officers towards PLHIV in Malaysia. These people have been trained with special programmes to tackle the HIV/AIDS issues by using a manual, namely as ‘The Manual of Islam and HIV/AIDS’, specifically designed by the Islamic Development Department of Malaysia (JAKIM). The objectives of the training programmes are to give the accurate information about HIV/AIDS and to suggest ways on how to handle the PLHIV issues in Islamic perspective. This research used quantitative methodology by survey. A pilot test had been done over thirty (30) trained Islamic Religious Officers in Malaysia. The findings have shown that the trainings have given a positive impact for them as they managed to acquire the knowledge of HIV/AIDS from both primer and authorized sources such as medical practitioners, Muslim chaplains and social workers. The knowledge they have acquired from the trainings has guided them in changing their perception, thus helping to reduce their own stigma and discrimination towards PLHIV. The training programmes have given them opportunities to practice what they have learned through several outreach sessions as they have had the opportunities to approach PLHIV directly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20religious%20officers" title="Islamic religious officers">Islamic religious officers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=people%20with%20HIV" title=" people with HIV"> people with HIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stigma%20and%20discrimination" title=" stigma and discrimination"> stigma and discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=training%20programmes" title=" training programmes"> training programmes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20028/reducing-stigma-and-discrimination-among-islamic-religious-officers-towards-people-living-with-hivaids-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20028.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">505</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1452</span> Seismic Reliability of Two-DegreE-of-Freedom Systems with Supplemental Damping</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.D.%20Garc%C3%ADa-Soto">A.D. García-Soto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miguel%20Jaimes"> Miguel Jaimes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.G.%20Vald%C3%A9s-V%C3%A1zquez"> J.G. Valdés-Vázquez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Hern%C3%A1ndez-Mart%C3%ADnez"> A. Hernández-Martínez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The seismic reliability of two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) systems with and without supplemental damping are computed. The used records are scaled from realistic records using standard incremental dynamic Analysis (IDA). The total normalized shear base is computed for both cases using different scaling factors, and it is considered as the demand. The seismic reliability is computed using codified design to stipulate the capacity and, after some assumptions, applying the first-order reliability method (FORM). The 2DOF considered can be thought as structures with non-linear behavior, with and without seismic protection, subjected to earthquake activity in Mexico City. It is found that the reliability of 2DOF structures retrofitted with supplemental damper at its first story is generally higher than the reliability of 2DOF structures without supplemental damping. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2DOF%20structures" title="2DOF structures">2DOF structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IDA" title=" IDA"> IDA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FORM" title=" FORM"> FORM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20reliability" title=" seismic reliability"> seismic reliability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126842/seismic-reliability-of-two-degree-of-freedom-systems-with-supplemental-damping" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126842.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1451</span> Analyzing the Significance of Religion in Economic Development in East and Southeast Asia: Case Study of the City of Wenzhou in China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenting%20Pan">Wenting Pan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fang%20Chen"> Fang Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim is to increase understanding of the potential effects of religion and economy development in East and Southeast Asia. Religion developed in the east, and southeast Asia is connected with community intensively, especially the activities by women. It could facilitate spiritual awakening in the community and economic empowerment. The theories were assessed by using survey information for Wenzhou which is the legendary city of Chinese economic development, measuring attendance at formal religious services, religious beliefs, and self-identification as religious. Wenzhou’s chamber of commerce is all over the world. Apart from large and small processing factories, Wenzhou is dotted with temples and Taoist temples. In the survey four of the control variables (size of temples, profitability, multiple densities, type of industry and so on) were significant issues to find a relationship between local people and the culture of local religion. What’s more, women should be taken into account seriously. This study has social economy implications for Wenzhou as well as a number of other countries in the East and Southeast Asia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=East%20and%20Southeast%20Asia" title="East and Southeast Asia">East and Southeast Asia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economy%20development" title=" economy development"> economy development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Religion" title=" Religion"> Religion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenzhou" title=" Wenzhou"> Wenzhou</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64063/analyzing-the-significance-of-religion-in-economic-development-in-east-and-southeast-asia-case-study-of-the-city-of-wenzhou-in-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64063.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1450</span> Interpreting Ecclesiastical Heritage: Meaning Making and Contentious Conversations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexis%20Thouki">Alexis Thouki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In our post-Christian societies, ecclesiastical heritage acquired a new extrovert profile aiming to reach out an increasingly diverse audience. In this context, the various motivations, interests, personalities and cultural exchanges, found in the ‘post-modern pilgrimage’, bequeath a hybrid and multidimensional character to religious tourism education. In consequence, churches have acquired the challenging role of enriching visitors cultural and spiritual capital. Despite this promising diversification to relate, reveal and provoke constructive discourses, due to the various ‘conflicting interests’, practitioners attempt to tame the rich in symbolism and meanings religious environment through ‘neutral interpretations’. This paper aims to present the results of an ongoing developing strategy related to the presentation of contentious meanings in English churches. The paper will explore some of the underlying issues related to the capacity of ‘neutrality’ to spark, downplay or eliminate contentious conversations relating to the cultural, religious, and social dimension of Christian cultural heritage thematology. In an effort to understand this issue, the paper examines the concept of neutrality and what it stands for, executing a discourse analysis in the semantic context in which the theological lexicon is interwoven with the cultural and social meanings of sacred sites. Following that, the paper examines whether the preferable interpretive strategies meet the post-modern interpretative framework which is marked by polysemy and critical active engagement. The ultimate aim of the paper is to investigate the hypothesis that the preferable neutral strategies, managing the ‘conflicting’ demands of worshippers and visitors, result in the uneven treatment of both, the religious and historical spirit of the place. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contentious%20dialogue" title="contentious dialogue">contentious dialogue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpretation" title=" interpretation"> interpretation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meaning%20making" title=" meaning making"> meaning making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20tourism" title=" religious tourism"> religious tourism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96239/interpreting-ecclesiastical-heritage-meaning-making-and-contentious-conversations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96239.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1449</span> Religion: A Tool for Conflict Resolution and Peace in Nigerian Society</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20U.%20Onyemauwa">V. U. Onyemauwa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conflicts have always been part of human societies. So long as there is interaction amongst individuals or societies, there are bound to be conflicts as a result of the fact that interests among individuals and societies vary. The issue of conflict has become one of the regular headlines in the daily news of the Nigerian and global media today. Nigerian polity has suffered from one conflict or another, ranging from religious, civil, political, cultural, regional and ethnic violence. It has been found out that, the most disturbing part of these acts of conflicts in Nigeria and around the globe is that most of them have traced their roots to religion. Even some perpetrators of these acts of conflicts most of the time justify their actions with religion, thereby wrongly making religion an object of conflict and violence. In this regard, the study seeks to project religion as a potent tool for conflict resolution because it has a way of permeating through the hearts of men. It has a special responsibility of identifying conflicts and proffer solutions. It also has to provide theological reasoning as to why and how these conflicts come about and how they can possibly be solved. Religious actors are known to contribute to the processes of structural reform necessary for the restoration of productive social relations and political stability after a period of conflict and human rights abuses. The study examines the modalities for projecting religious conflict management strategies in Nigeria using an analysis of relevant documents as well as Black’s Social Control Theory and Thomas-Kilmann’s Model of Conflict Management as its theoretical frameworks. It recommends for a religiously-based means of conflict resolution in Nigeria. Religious individuals and faith-based organisations, as carriers of religious ideas are implore to play active roles in conflict resolution and peace-building in Nigeria by creating conducive environment for peaceful talks, mediation and reconciliation. This will enhance social cohesion, provides solid foundation for peace, progress and development in the society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict" title="conflict">conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peace" title=" peace"> peace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religion" title=" religion"> religion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resolution" title=" resolution"> resolution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40247/religion-a-tool-for-conflict-resolution-and-peace-in-nigerian-society" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40247.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1448</span> Lesbians, Gays and Bisexuals of Botswana: Progressive Steps by the Botswana Court of Appeal towards Recognition and Advancement of Fundamental Human Rights of the Most Vulnerable within Society</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tashwill%20Esterhuizen">Tashwill Esterhuizen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Throughout Africa, several countries continue to have laws which criminalise same-sex sexual activities, which increases the vulnerability of the LGBT community to stigma, discrimination, and persecution. These criminal provisions often form the basis upon which states deny LGBT activists the right to freely associate with other like-minded individuals and form organizations that protect their interests and advocate for the rights and aspirations of the LGBT community. Over the past year, however, there has been significant progress in the advancement of universal, fundamental rights of LGBT persons throughout Africa. In many instances, these advancements came about through the bravery of activists who have publically insisted (in environments where same-sex sexual practices are criminalised) that their rights should be respected. Where meaningful engagement with the State was fruitless, activists took their plight to the judiciary and have successfully sought to uphold the fundamental rights of LGBT persons, paving the way for a more inclusive and tolerant society. Litigation Progress: Botswana is a prime example. For several years, the State denied a group of LGBT activists their right to freely associate and form their organisation Lesbians, Gays, and Bisexuals of Botswana (LEGABIBO), which aimed to promote the interests of the LGBT community in Botswana. In March 2016, the Botswana Court of Appeal found that the government’s refusal to register LEGABIBO violated the activists’ right to associate freely. The Court held that the right freedom of association applies to all persons regardless of their sexual orientation or gender identity. It does not matter that the views of the organisation are unpopular or unacceptable amongst the majority. In particular, the Court rejected the government of Botswana’s contention that registering LEGABIBO would disturb public peace and is contrary to public morality. Quite remarkably, the Court of Appeal recognised that while LGBT individuals are a minority group within the country, they are nonetheless persons entitled to constitutional protections of their dignity, regardless of whether they are unacceptable to others on religious or any other grounds. Furthermore, the Court held that human rights and fundamental freedoms are granted to all, including criminals or social outcasts because the denial of an individual’s humanity is the denial of their human dignity. This is crucial observation by the Court of Appeal, as once it is accepted that human rights apply to all human beings, then it becomes much easier for vulnerable groups to assert their own rights. Conclusion: The Botswana Court of Appeal decision, therefore, represents significant progress in the promotion of the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons. The judgment has broader implications for many other countries which do not provide recognition of sexual minorities. It highlights the State’s duty to uphold basic rights and to ensure dignity, tolerance, and acceptance for marginalised persons. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acceptance" title="acceptance">acceptance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freedom%20of%20association" title=" freedom of association"> freedom of association</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freedom%20of%20expression" title=" freedom of expression"> freedom of expression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20rights%20and%20freedoms" title=" fundamental rights and freedoms"> fundamental rights and freedoms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20identity" title=" gender identity"> gender identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights%20are%20universal" title=" human rights are universal"> human rights are universal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusive" title=" inclusive"> inclusive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inherent%20human%20dignity" title=" inherent human dignity"> inherent human dignity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progress" title=" progress"> progress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20orientation" title=" sexual orientation"> sexual orientation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tolerance" title=" tolerance"> tolerance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73636/lesbians-gays-and-bisexuals-of-botswana-progressive-steps-by-the-botswana-court-of-appeal-towards-recognition-and-advancement-of-fundamental-human-rights-of-the-most-vulnerable-within-society" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1447</span> Repositioning Religion as a Catalyst for Conflict Resolution in Nigeria </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20A.%20Muyiwa">Samuel A. Muyiwa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Religious chauvinism has attained an alarming status in Contemporary Nigerian society. Arguably, Nigeria is the largest economy and most populous nation in Africa with over 182 million people, the advantages offer by vibrant economy and high population have been sacrificed on the altar of religion. Tolerance, sacrifice, humility, compassion, love, justice, trustworthiness, dedication to the well-being of others, and unity are the universal spiritual principles that lie at the heart of any religion either Christianity or Islam even traditional. Whereas traditional religious practices foreground the beliefs, norms and ritual that are related to the sacred being God because of its quick and immediate consequence of its effect, the new-found religious sentiments have deviated from the norms, thus undermining cosmic harmony in Nigeria because of its long-time consequence of its effect. Religion, which is expected to accelerate growth and motivate people to develop spiritual nuances for the betterment of their communities, has, however occasioned conflict and violence in Nigeria socio-political cosmo. Therefore, this study examines the content of religion in the promotion of peace and unity and its contextual missing link in the promotion of conflict and violence in Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religion%20chauvinism" title="religion chauvinism">religion chauvinism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict" title=" conflict"> conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict%20resolution" title=" conflict resolution"> conflict resolution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68591/repositioning-religion-as-a-catalyst-for-conflict-resolution-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1446</span> An Optimized Method for Calculating the Linear and Nonlinear Response of SDOF System Subjected to an Arbitrary Base Excitation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Kabir">Hossein Kabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Sadeghi"> Mojtaba Sadeghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Finding the linear and nonlinear responses of a typical single-degree-of-freedom system (SDOF) is always being regarded as a time-consuming process. This study attempts to provide modifications in the renowned Newmark method in order to make it more time efficient than it used to be and make it more accurate by modifying the system in its own non-linear state. The efficacy of the presented method is demonstrated by assigning three base excitations such as Tabas 1978, El Centro 1940, and MEXICO CITY/SCT 1985 earthquakes to a SDOF system, that is, SDOF, to compute the strength reduction factor, yield pseudo acceleration, and ductility factor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-degree-of-freedom%20system%20%28SDOF%29" title="single-degree-of-freedom system (SDOF)">single-degree-of-freedom system (SDOF)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20acceleration%20method" title=" linear acceleration method"> linear acceleration method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20excited%20system" title=" nonlinear excited system"> nonlinear excited system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20displacement%20method" title=" equivalent displacement method"> equivalent displacement method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20energy%20method" title=" equivalent energy method"> equivalent energy method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56118/an-optimized-method-for-calculating-the-linear-and-nonlinear-response-of-sdof-system-subjected-to-an-arbitrary-base-excitation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56118.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1445</span> The Role of Identity Politics in the 2023 General Election in Nigeria: An Overview</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adekunle%20Saheed%20Ajisebiyawo">Adekunle Saheed Ajisebiyawo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines the influence of identity politics on the development of electoral democracy in Nigeria. The paper was anchored on a theory of African democracy adopted the qualitative methodology and deployed data from secondary sources to evaluate the 2023 presidential election, and found that ethnicity, religion, and regional sentiments played a major role in the election. The practical implications of this paper are that while Nigeria’s democracy is tending towards consolidation, if the unexpected does not happen, e.g., military takeover, religious and ethnic identities can mar the country’s development as competent candidates that have good policies will be voted out based on religious and ethnic sentiments. Thus, there is a need to de-emphasize religion and ethnicity in the Nigerian polity. Candidates and parties that campaign based on racial or religious narratives should be barred from contesting elective positions. The paper concluded that identity politics is inimical to Nigeria’s democratization process as well as efforts aimed at uniting and integrating the country; it, therefore, recommended that to establish a sound electoral democracy and a strong united country, the menace of ethnic, religious, and regional cleavages should be addressed. To achieve this, efforts should be intensified towards providing a set of principles for nation-building which should be included in the constitution. In addition, the paper urges the media to support the formation of an inclusive government, cutting across tribes and religions in the country to reduce the negative impact of ethnicity and religion in the country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cleavages" title="cleavages">cleavages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democracy" title=" democracy"> democracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnicity" title=" ethnicity"> ethnicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=election" title=" election"> election</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity%20politics" title=" identity politics"> identity politics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religion" title=" religion"> religion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183087/the-role-of-identity-politics-in-the-2023-general-election-in-nigeria-an-overview" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183087.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">60</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1444</span> Non-Coplanar Nuclei in Heavy-Ion Reactions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahila%20Chopra">Sahila Chopra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hemdeep"> Hemdeep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arshdeep%20Kaur"> Arshdeep Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raj%20K.%20Gupta"> Raj K. Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent times, we noticed an interesting and important role of non-coplanar degree-of-freedom (Φ = 00) in heavy ion reactions. Using the dynamical cluster-decay model (DCM) with Φ degree-of-freedom included, we have studied three compound systems 246Bk&lowast;, 164Yb&lowast; and 105Ag&lowast;. Here, within the DCM with pocket formula for nuclear proximity potential, we look for the effects of including compact, non-coplanar configurations (Φc = 00) on the non-compound nucleus (nCN) contribution in total fusion cross section σfus. For 246Bk&lowast;, formed in 11B+235U and 14N+232Th reaction channels, the DCM with coplanar nuclei (Φc = 00) shows an nCN contribution for 11B+235U channel, but none for 14N+232Th channel, which on including Φ gives both reaction channels as pure compound nucleus decays. In the case of 164Yb&lowast;, formed in 64Ni+100Mo, the small nCN effects for Φ=00 are reduced to almost zero for Φ = 00. Interestingly, however, 105Ag&lowast; for Φ = 00 shows a small nCN contribution, which gets strongly enhanced for Φ = 00, such that the characteristic property of PCN presents a change of behaviour, like that of a strongly fissioning superheavy element to a weakly fissioning nucleus; note that 105Ag&lowast; is a weakly fissioning nucleus and Psurv behaves like one for a weakly fissioning nucleus for both Φ = 00 and Φ = 00. Apparently, Φ is presenting itself like a good degree-of-freedom in the DCM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamical%20cluster-decay%20model" title="dynamical cluster-decay model">dynamical cluster-decay model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fusion%20cross%20sections" title=" fusion cross sections"> fusion cross sections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-compound%20nucleus%20effects" title=" non-compound nucleus effects"> non-compound nucleus effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-coplanarity" title=" non-coplanarity"> non-coplanarity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41851/non-coplanar-nuclei-in-heavy-ion-reactions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41851.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1443</span> Early Modern Controversies of Mobility within the Spanish Empire: Francisco De Vitoria and the Peaceful Right to Travel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beatriz%20Salamanca">Beatriz Salamanca</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In his public lecture ‘On the American Indians’ given at the University of Salamanca in 1538-39, Francisco de Vitoria presented an unsettling defense of freedom of movement, arguing that the Spanish had the right to travel and dwell in the New World, since it was considered part of the law of nations [ius gentium] that men enjoyed free mutual intercourse anywhere they went. The principle of freedom of movement brought hopeful expectations, promising to bring mankind together and strengthen the ties of fraternity. However, it led to polemical situations when those whose mobility was in question represented a harmful threat or was for some reason undesired. In this context, Vitoria’s argument has been seen on multiple occasions as a justification of the expansion of the Spanish empire. In order to examine the meaning of Vitoria’s defense of free mobility, a more detailed look at Vitoria’s text is required, together with the study of some of his earliest works, among them, his commentaries on Thomas Aquinas’s Summa Theologiae, where he presented relevant insights on the idea of the law of nations. In addition, it is necessary to place Vitoria’s work in the context of the intellectual tradition he belonged to and the responses he obtained from some of his contemporaries who were concerned with similar issues. The claim of this research is that the Spanish right to travel advocated by Vitoria was not intended to be interpreted in absolute terms, for it had to serve the purpose of bringing peace and unity among men, and could not contradict natural law. In addition, Vitoria explicitly observed that the right to travel was only valid if the Spaniards caused no harm, a condition that has been underestimated by his critics. Therefore, Vitoria’s legacy is of enormous value as it initiated a long lasting discussion regarding the question of the grounds under which human mobility could be restricted. Again, under Vitoria’s argument it was clear that this freedom was not absolute, but the controversial nature of his defense of Spanish mobility demonstrates how difficult it was and still is to address the issue of the circulation of peoples across frontiers, and shows the significance of this discussion in today’s globalized world, where the rights and wrongs of notions like immigration, international trade or foreign intervention still lack sufficient consensus. This inquiry about Vitoria’s defense of the principle of freedom of movement is being placed here against the background of the history of political thought, political theory, international law, and international relations, following the methodological framework of contextual history of the ‘Cambridge School’. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisco%20de%20Vitoria" title="Francisco de Vitoria">Francisco de Vitoria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freedom%20of%20movement" title=" freedom of movement"> freedom of movement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=law%20of%20nations" title=" law of nations"> law of nations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ius%20gentium" title=" ius gentium"> ius gentium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spanish%20empire" title=" Spanish empire"> Spanish empire</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35518/early-modern-controversies-of-mobility-within-the-spanish-empire-francisco-de-vitoria-and-the-peaceful-right-to-travel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35518.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1442</span> U-Turn on the Bridge to Freedom: An Interaction Process Analysis of Task and Relational Messages in Totalistic Organization Exit Conversations on Online Discussion Boards</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nancy%20Di%20Tunnariello">Nancy Di Tunnariello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jenna%20L.%20Currie-Mueller"> Jenna L. Currie-Mueller</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Totalistic organizations include organizations that operate by playing a prominent role in the life of its members through embedding values and practices. The Church of Scientology (CoS) is an example of a religious totalistic organization and has recently garnered attention because of the questionable treatment of members by those with authority, particularly when members try to leave the Church. The purpose of this study was to analyze exit communication and evaluate the task and relational messages discussed on online discussion boards for individuals with a previous or current connection to the totalistic CoS. Using organizational exit phases and interaction process analysis (IPA), researchers coded 30 boards consisting of 14,179 thought units from the Exscn.net website. Findings report all stages of exit were present, and post-exit surfaced most often. Posts indicated more tasks than relational messages, where individuals mainly provided orientation/information. After a discussion of the study’s contributions, limitations and directions for future research are explained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bales%27%20IPA" title="Bales' IPA">Bales' IPA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20exit" title=" organizational exit"> organizational exit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relational%20messages" title=" relational messages"> relational messages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scientology" title=" scientology"> scientology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=task%20messages" title=" task messages"> task messages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=totalistic%20organizations" title=" totalistic organizations"> totalistic organizations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147925/u-turn-on-the-bridge-to-freedom-an-interaction-process-analysis-of-task-and-relational-messages-in-totalistic-organization-exit-conversations-on-online-discussion-boards" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147925.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1441</span> Adding a Degree of Freedom to Opinion Dynamics Models </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dino%20Carpentras">Dino Carpentras</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alejandro%20Dinkelberg"> Alejandro Dinkelberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Quayle"> Michael Quayle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Within agent-based modeling, opinion dynamics is the field that focuses on modeling people's opinions. In this prolific field, most of the literature is dedicated to the exploration of the two 'degrees of freedom' and how they impact the model’s properties (e.g., the average final opinion, the number of final clusters, etc.). These degrees of freedom are (1) the interaction rule, which determines how agents update their own opinion, and (2) the network topology, which defines the possible interaction among agents. In this work, we show that the third degree of freedom exists. This can be used to change a model's output up to 100% of its initial value or to transform two models (both from the literature) into each other. Since opinion dynamics models are representations of the real world, it is fundamental to understand how people’s opinions can be measured. Even for abstract models (i.e., not intended for the fitting of real-world data), it is important to understand if the way of numerically representing opinions is unique; and, if this is not the case, how the model dynamics would change by using different representations. The process of measuring opinions is non-trivial as it requires transforming real-world opinion (e.g., supporting most of the liberal ideals) to a number. Such a process is usually not discussed in opinion dynamics literature, but it has been intensively studied in a subfield of psychology called psychometrics. In psychometrics, opinion scales can be converted into each other, similarly to how meters can be converted to feet. Indeed, psychometrics routinely uses both linear and non-linear transformations of opinion scales. Here, we analyze how this transformation affects opinion dynamics models. We analyze this effect by using mathematical modeling and then validating our analysis with agent-based simulations. Firstly, we study the case of perfect scales. In this way, we show that scale transformations affect the model’s dynamics up to a qualitative level. This means that if two researchers use the same opinion dynamics model and even the same dataset, they could make totally different predictions just because they followed different renormalization processes. A similar situation appears if two different scales are used to measure opinions even on the same population. This effect may be as strong as providing an uncertainty of 100% on the simulation’s output (i.e., all results are possible). Still, by using perfect scales, we show that scales transformations can be used to perfectly transform one model to another. We test this using two models from the standard literature. Finally, we test the effect of scale transformation in the case of finite precision using a 7-points Likert scale. In this way, we show how a relatively small-scale transformation introduces both changes at the qualitative level (i.e., the most shared opinion at the end of the simulation) and in the number of opinion clusters. Thus, scale transformation appears to be a third degree of freedom of opinion dynamics models. This result deeply impacts both theoretical research on models' properties and on the application of models on real-world data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degrees%20of%20freedom" title="degrees of freedom">degrees of freedom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empirical%20validation" title=" empirical validation"> empirical validation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opinion%20scale" title=" opinion scale"> opinion scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opinion%20dynamics" title=" opinion dynamics"> opinion dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132461/adding-a-degree-of-freedom-to-opinion-dynamics-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132461.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1440</span> On the Causes of Boko Haram Terrorism: Socio-Economic versus Religious Injunctions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sogo%20Angel%20Olofinbiyi">Sogo Angel Olofinbiyi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There have been widespread assumptions across the globe that the root cause of Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria is religious rather than socio-economic. An investigation into this dichotomy allowed this study to fully demonstrate that the root cause of Boko Haram’s terrorist actions emanates from the non-fulfillment of socio-economic goals that are prompted by the violation of fundamental human rights, corruption, poverty, unconstitutional and undemocratic practices in the northern part of the Nigerian state. To achieve its aim of establishing the root cause of the terrorism crisis in the latter country, the study critically appraised the socio-economic context of the insurgency by adopting one-on-one in-depth interviews involving forty (40) participants to interrogate the phenomenon. Empirical evidence from the study demonstrated that the evolution of Boko Haram terrorism was a response to socio-economic phlebotomy, political and moral putrescence, and the dehumanization of people that stem from a combination of decades of mismanagement and pervasive corruption by various Nigerian leaders. The study concludes that, as long as the endemic socio-economic problems caused by global capitalism vis-a-vis unequal hegemonic power exchange as expressed in socio-political, ethno-religious and cultural forms persist in the Nigerian society, the terrorism insurgency will recur and remain an inevitable enterprise and indeed a normal social reaction to every undesirable state of affairs. Based on the findings, the study urges the need for the amelioration of the conditions of the vast majority of the Nigerian populace by making socio-economic facilities available to them through the political state. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boko%20Haram%20Terrorism" title="Boko Haram Terrorism">Boko Haram Terrorism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insurgency" title=" insurgency"> insurgency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic" title=" socio-economic"> socio-economic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20injunctions" title=" religious injunctions"> religious injunctions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90561/on-the-causes-of-boko-haram-terrorism-socio-economic-versus-religious-injunctions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90561.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20freedom&page=6" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20freedom&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20freedom&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20freedom&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20freedom&page=4">4</a></li> <li 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