CINXE.COM
Public access
<!doctype html><html><head><title>Public access</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="referrer" content="always"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=2"><meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico"><style>html,body,form,table,div,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,img,ol,ul,li,button{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-width:0;empty-cells:show;}html,body{height:100%}#gs_top{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;min-height:100%;min-width:964px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);}#gs_top>*:not(#x){-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(204,204,204,.5);}.gs_el_ph #gs_top,.gs_el_ta #gs_top{min-width:320px;}#gs_top.gs_nscl{position:fixed;width:100%;}body,td,input,button{font-size:13px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;line-height:1.24;}body{background:#fff;color:#222;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-moz-text-size-adjust:none;}.gs_gray{color:#777777}.gs_red{color:#dd4b39}.gs_grn{color:#006621}.gs_lil{font-size:11px}.gs_med{font-size:16px}.gs_hlt{font-weight:bold;}a:link{color:#1a0dab;text-decoration:none}a:visited{color:#660099;text-decoration:none}a:hover,a:hover .gs_lbl{text-decoration:underline}a:active,a:active .gs_lbl,a .gs_lbl:active{color:#d14836}.gs_el_tc a:hover,.gs_el_tc a:hover .gs_lbl{text-decoration:none}.gs_pfcs a:focus,.gs_pfcs button:focus,.gs_pfcs input:focus,.gs_pfcs label:focus{outline:none}.gs_a,.gs_a a:link,.gs_a a:visited{color:#006621}.gs_a a:active{color:#d14836}a.gs_fl:link,.gs_fl a:link{color:#1a0dab}a.gs_fl:visited,.gs_fl a:visited{color:#660099}a.gs_fl:active,.gs_fl a:active{color:#d14836}.gs_fl{color:#777777}.gs_ctc,.gs_ctu{vertical-align:middle;font-size:11px;font-weight:bold}.gs_ctc{color:#1a0dab}.gs_ctg,.gs_ctg2{font-size:13px;font-weight:bold}.gs_ctg{color:#1a0dab}a.gs_pda,.gs_pda a{padding:7px 0 5px 0}.gs_alrt{background:#f9edbe;border:1px solid #f0c36d;padding:0 16px;text-align:center;box-shadow:0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.2);border-radius:2px;}.gs_alrt:empty{display:none;}.gs_spc{display:inline-block;width:12px}.gs_br{width:0;font-size:0}.gs_ibl{display:inline-block;}.gs_scl:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both;}.gs_ind{padding-left:8px;text-indent:-8px}.gs_ico,.gs_icm{display:inline-block;background:no-repeat url(/intl/en/scholar/images/1x/sprite_20161020.png);background-position:-23px -161px;background-size:169px;width:21px;height:21px;}@media(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5),(min-resolution:144dpi){.gs_ico,.gs_icm{background-image:url(/intl/en/scholar/images/2x/sprite_20161020.png);}}.gs_el_ta .gs_nta,.gs_ota,.gs_el_ph .gs_nph,.gs_oph{display:none}.gs_el_ta .gs_ota,.gs_el_ph .gs_oph{display:inline}.gs_el_ta div.gs_ota,.gs_el_ph div.gs_oph{display:block}.gs_sth_g{visibility:hidden;max-height:0;}.gs_sth_vis .gs_sth_g{max-height:1000px;}.gs_sth_vis .gs_sth_b{position:fixed;top:0;}.gs_sth_trk .gs_sth_b{position:absolute;top:auto;}@keyframes gs_anm_spin{0%{transform:rotate(0deg);}100%{transform:rotate(360deg);}}.gs_invis{visibility:hidden;}.gs_rimg{display:block;background-color:#e5e5e5;border-radius:50%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;z-index:1;}.gs_rimg>img{position:absolute;margin:auto;left:0;top:0;bottom:0;right:0;}.gs_in_txtw{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;}.gs_in_txtb{display:block;}.gs_in_txt{color:#000;background-color:#fff;font-size:16px;box-sizing:border-box;height:29px;line-height:23px;border:1px solid #d9d9d9;border-top-color:#c0c0c0;padding:3px 6px 1px 8px;border-radius:1px;outline:none;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_txt{font-size:18px;}.gs_in_txtb .gs_in_txt{width:100%;}.gs_in_rnd .gs_in_txt{border-radius:14.5px;padding:3px 12px 1px 12px;}.gs_in_txt:hover{border-color:#b9b9b9;border-top-color:#a0a0a0;box-shadow:inset 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.1);}.gs_in_txte .gs_in_txt{border-color:#dd4b39;}.gs_in_txt:focus{border-color:#4d90fe;box-shadow:inset 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.3);}.gs_in_txt:disabled{color:#b8b8b8;border-color:#f1f1f1;box-shadow:none;}.gs_in_txtm .gs_in_txt{font-size:13px;height:24px;line-height:16px;padding:3px 6px;}.gs_in_txtm.gs_in_rnd .gs_in_txt{border-radius:12px;}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_txtm .gs_in_txt{height:29px;line-height:21px;}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_txtm.gs_in_rnd .gs_in_txt{border-radius:14.5px;}.gs_in_txtl .gs_in_txt{height:41px;padding:9px 43px;}.gs_in_txtl.gs_in_rnd .gs_in_txt{border-radius:20.5px;}.gs_in_txts{font-size:13px;line-height:18px;color:#666;}.gs_in_txts:not(:empty){margin-top:2px;}.gs_in_txte .gs_in_txts{color:#dd4b39;}button{position:relative;z-index:1;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:13px;cursor:pointer;height:29px;line-height:normal;min-width:72px;padding:0 8px;color:#444;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.1);border-radius:3px;text-align:center;background-color:#f5f5f5;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;}button.gs_btn_rnd{border-radius:14px;padding:0 12px;}button.gs_btn_rnd.gs_btn_rndci{padding-left:4px;}button.gs_btn_lrge{height:41px;min-width:82px;padding:0 9px;}button.gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_lrge_asym{padding-left:5px;padding-right:8px;}button.gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_rnd{border-radius:20px;padding:0 16px;}button.gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_rnd.gs_btn_rndci{padding-left:10px;}button.gs_btn_cir{border-radius:14.5px;min-width:29px;}button.gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_cir{border-radius:20.5px;min-width:41px;}button.gs_btn_mini{padding:0;border:0;}.gs_el_ph button.gs_btn_mph,.gs_el_ta button.gs_btn_mta{height:41px;}button .gs_wr{position:relative;display:inline-block;width:100%;height:100%;}button .gs_wr:before{content:"";width:0;height:100%;}button .gs_wr:before,button .gs_ico,button .gs_rdt,button .gs_lbl,button .gs_icm{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;}button .gs_wr{font-size:13px;text-transform:none;}.gs_btn_lrge .gs_wr{font-size:15px;}.gs_btn_lsb .gs_wr{font-size:11px;font-weight:bold;}.gs_btn_lsu .gs_wr{font-size:11px;text-transform:uppercase;}.gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_lsb .gs_wr,.gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_lsu .gs_wr,.gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_lrge_asym .gs_wr{font-size:13px;}.gs_btn_half,.gs_el_ta .gs_btn_hta,.gs_el_ph .gs_btn_hph{min-width:36px;}.gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_half,.gs_el_ta .gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_hta,.gs_el_ph .gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_hph,.gs_el_ta .gs_btn_mta,.gs_el_ph .gs_btn_mph{min-width:41px;}.gs_btn_slt{border-radius:3px 0 0 3px;}.gs_btn_srt{margin-left:-1px;border-radius:0 3px 3px 0;}.gs_btn_smd{margin-left:-1px;border-radius:0;}button:hover{z-index:2;color:#222;border-color:rgba(0,0,0,.2);background-color:#f8f8f8;}button.gs_sel{background-color:#dcdcdc;}button:active{z-index:2;background-color:#f1f1f1;}button:focus{z-index:2;}button::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border:0}button:-moz-focusring{outline:1px dotted ButtonText}.gs_pfcs button:-moz-focusring{outline:none}a.gs_in_ib{position:relative;display:inline-block;line-height:16px;padding:6px 0 7px 0;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;}a.gs_btn_lrge{height:40px;padding:0;}a.gs_in_bgcw{min-width:41px;}a.gs_btn_lrge.gs_in_bgcw:before{position:absolute;content:"";height:29px;width:29px;top:6px;left:6px;background-color:#fff;box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgb(0,0,0,.4);border-radius:50%;}a.gs_in_bgcw:hover:before{background-color:#f5f5f5;}a.gs_in_bgcw:active:before{background-color:#e5e5e5;}a.gs_in_bgcw.gs_dis:before{background-color:#fff;}a.gs_in_ib .gs_lbl{display:inline-block;padding-left:21px;color:#222;}a.gs_in_ib.gs_in_gray .gs_lbl{color:#444;}a.gs_in_ib .gs_lbl:not(:empty){padding-left:29px;}button.gs_in_ib .gs_lbl:not(:empty){padding-left:4px;}a.gs_in_ib:active .gs_lbl,a.gs_in_ib .gs_lbl:active,a.gs_in_ib :active~.gs_lbl{color:#d14836;}.gs_el_ta .gs_btn_hta .gs_lbl,.gs_el_ph .gs_btn_hph .gs_lbl,.gs_el_ta .gs_btn_mta .gs_lbl,.gs_el_ph .gs_btn_mph .gs_lbl,.gs_el_ta .gs_btn_cta .gs_lbl,.gs_el_ph .gs_btn_cph .gs_lbl{display:none;}a.gs_in_ib .gs_ico{position:absolute;top:3px;left:0;}.gs_in_ib.gs_md_li .gs_ico{left:14px;}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_ib.gs_md_li .gs_ico{top:11px;}.gs_in_ib.gs_md_li.gs_md_lix .gs_ico{top:10px;left:16px;}a.gs_btn_lrge .gs_ico{top:50%;left:50%;margin:-10.5px 0 0 -10.5px;}.gs_in_ib .gs_ico{opacity:.55;}.gs_in_ib:hover .gs_ico{opacity:.72;}.gs_in_ib:active .gs_ico,.gs_in_ib .gs_ico:active,.gs_in_ib :active~.gs_ico{opacity:1;}.gs_in_ib:disabled .gs_ico,.gs_in_ib.gs_dis .gs_ico{opacity:.28;}.gs_in_ib.gs_btn_act .gs_ico,.gs_in_ib.gs_btn_cre .gs_ico{opacity:1;}.gs_btn_act:disabled .gs_ico,.gs_btn_cre:disabled .gs_ico{opacity:.72;}.gs_rdt{position:relative;width:0;height:21px;}a.gs_in_ib .gs_rdt{left:21px;}.gs_rdt:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:1px;right:0;width:5px;height:5px;border:1px solid #fff;border-radius:50%;background-color:#dd4b39;}.gs_notf{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;margin-left:8px;width:16px;line-height:16px;background-color:#d14836;border-radius:50%;color:#fff;text-align:center;font-size:9px;font-weight:bold;}.gs_notf:empty{display:none;}.gs_ind .gs_notf{text-indent:0;}button.gs_btn_flat{border-color:transparent;background-color:transparent;}button.gs_btn_olact{color:#4d90fe;background-color:transparent;}button.gs_btn_flat:hover,button.gs_btn_olact:hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.05);}button.gs_btn_flat:active,button.gs_btn_olact:active{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.1);}button.gs_btn_flat.gs_btn_flact{color:#1a0dab;}button.gs_btn_act{color:#fff;background-color:#4d90fe;}button.gs_btn_act:hover{color:#fff;background-color:#3983fe;}button.gs_btn_act.gs_sel{background-color:#2f6bcc;}button.gs_btn_act:active{background-color:#357ae8;}button.gs_btn_cre{color:#fff;background-color:#d14836;}button.gs_btn_cre:hover{color:#fff;background-color:#c53727;}button.gs_btn_cre.gs_sel{background-color:#992b1e;}button.gs_btn_cre:active{background-color:#b0281a;}button.gs_btn_hov_nobg:hover,button.gs_btn_hov_nobg:active{border:none;background:transparent;}button:disabled,button:disabled:hover,button:disabled:active{cursor:default;color:#b8b8b8;border-color:rgba(0,0,0,.05);background-color:transparent;z-index:0;}button.gs_btn_flat:disabled{color:#b8b8b8;border-color:transparent;}button.gs_btn_act:disabled{color:#fff;background-color:#a6c8ff;}button.gs_btn_cre:disabled{color:#fff;background-color:#e8a49b;}a.gs_in_ib.gs_dis{cursor:default;pointer-events:none}a.gs_in_ib.gs_dis .gs_lbl{color:#b8b8b8;text-decoration:none}.gs_ttp{position:absolute;top:100%;right:50%;z-index:10;pointer-events:none;visibility:hidden;opacity:0;transition:visibility 0s .13s,opacity .13s ease-out;}button:hover .gs_ttp,button:focus .gs_ttp,a:hover .gs_ttp,a:focus .gs_ttp{transition:visibility 0s .3s,opacity .13s ease-in .3s;visibility:visible;opacity:1;}.gs_md_tb.gs_sel .gs_ttp{transition:none;visibility:hidden;}button.gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_cir .gs_ttp{top:75%;}.gs_ttp .gs_aro,.gs_ttp .gs_aru{position:absolute;top:-2px;right:-5px;width:0;height:0;line-height:0;font-size:0;border:5px solid transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom-color:#595959;z-index:1;}.gs_ttp .gs_aro{top:-3px;right:-6px;border-width:6px;border-top:none;border-bottom-color:white;}.gs_ttp .gs_txt{display:block;position:relative;top:2px;right:-50%;padding:4px 6px;background:#595959;color:white;font-size:11px;font-weight:bold;line-height:normal;white-space:nowrap;border:1px solid white;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:inset 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.2);}.gs_press,.gs_in_se,.gs_tan{touch-action:none;}.gs_in_se .gs_lbl:not(:empty){padding-right:14px;}.gs_in_se .gs_icm{position:absolute;top:50%;margin-top:-5.5px;right:0;width:7px;height:11px;background-position:-21px -88px;opacity:.55;}.gs_in_se:hover .gs_icm{opacity:.72;}.gs_in_se:active .gs_icm{opacity:1;}.gs_in_se:disabled .gs_icm{opacity:.28;}.gs_el_ta .gs_btn_hta .gs_icm,.gs_el_ph .gs_btn_hph .gs_icm,.gs_el_ta .gs_btn_mta .gs_icm,.gs_el_ph .gs_btn_mph .gs_icm,.gs_el_ta .gs_btn_cta .gs_icm,.gs_el_ph .gs_btn_cph .gs_icm{display:none;}.gs_btn_mnu .gs_icm{margin-top:-3.5px;height:7px;background-position:0 -110px;}.gs_in_se.gs_btn_act .gs_icm,.gs_in_se.gs_btn_cre .gs_icm{margin-top:-3.5px;height:7px;background-position:-42px -44px;opacity:1;}.gs_btn_act:disabled .gs_icm,.gs_btn_cre:disabled .gs_icm{opacity:.72;}button.gs_btnG .gs_ico{width:21px;height:21px;background-position:-92px -253px;}button .gs_bs{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;margin-top:-10px;margin-left:-10px;box-sizing:border-box;width:20px;height:20px;border-radius:50%;border:2px solid #eee;border-top-color:#4d90fe;visibility:hidden;animation:gs_anm_spin .8s linear infinite;}button.gs_bsp .gs_bs{visibility:visible;transition:visibility 0s .4s;}.gs_md_d{text-transform:none;white-space:nowrap;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;border:1px solid #ccc;border-color:rgba(0,0,0,.2);background:#fff;box-shadow:0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.2);z-index:1100;text-align:left;visibility:hidden;max-height:0;margin-top:-1000px;opacity:0;transition:opacity .13s,visibility 0s .13s,max-height 0s .13s,margin-top 0s .13s;}.gs_md_d.gs_vis{visibility:visible;max-height:10000px;margin-top:0;opacity:1;transition:all 0s;}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_d{transform-origin:100% 0;transform:scale(1,0);transition:opacity .218s ease-out,transform 0s .218s,visibility 0s .218s,max-height 0s .218s,margin-top 0s .218s;}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_d.gs_ttzi{transform-origin:50% 50%;transform:scale(0,0);}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_d.gs_ttzr{transform:scale(0,0);}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_d.gs_vis{transform:scale(1,1);transition:transform .218s ease-out;}.gs_md_r{position:relative;display:inline-block;}.gs_md_rmb>.gs_md_d{top:29px}.gs_md_rmbl>.gs_md_d{top:41px}.gs_md_ul{list-style-type:none;word-wrap:break-word;display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;}.gs_md_ul.gs_md_ul_tb{display:block;}.gs_md_li,.gs_in_cb.gs_md_li,.gs_md_li:link,.gs_md_li:visited{display:block;padding:6px 44px 6px 16px;font-size:13px;line-height:16px;color:#222;cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;position:relative;z-index:0;}a.gs_md_li:hover .gs_lbl,a.gs_md_li:active .gs_lbl{text-decoration:none}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_li{padding-top:14px;padding-bottom:10px;}.gs_md_li.gs_md_lix{font-size:16px;line-height:20px;padding:12px 16px 8px 16px;}.gs_md_li:before{content:"";background-color:#f1f1f1;position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;opacity:0;transition:opacity .13s;z-index:-1;}.gs_md_li:hover:before,.gs_md_li:focus:before{opacity:1;transition:all 0s;}a.gs_in_ib.gs_md_li .gs_lbl{color:#222}a.gs_in_ib.gs_md_li.gs_in_gray .gs_lbl{color:#444}.gs_md_li:active:before{background-color:#ddd}.gs_md_li.gs_sel,a.gs_in_ib.gs_md_li.gs_sel .gs_lbl{color:#d14836}.gs_md_d:focus,.gs_md_li:focus{outline:none}a.gs_md_lix .gs_lbl,a.gs_md_lix .gs_lbl:not(:empty){padding:0 0 0 40px;}a.gs_in_cb:link,a.gs_in_cb:visited,a.gs_in_cb:active,a.gs_in_cb:hover{cursor:pointer;color:#222;text-decoration:none;}.gs_in_cb,.gs_in_ra{position:relative;line-height:16px;display:inline-block;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;}.gs_in_cb.gs_md_li{padding:6px 44px 6px 16px;}.gs_in_cb input,.gs_in_ra input{position:absolute;top:1px;left:1px;width:15px;height:15px;margin:0;padding:0;opacity:0;z-index:2;}.gs_in_ra input{top:0;left:0}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_cb input{top:9px}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_ra input{top:8px}.gs_in_cb.gs_in_cbj input{top:15px;left:15px}.gs_in_cb label,.gs_in_cb .gs_lbl,.gs_in_ra label{display:inline-block;padding-left:21px;min-height:16px;}.gs_in_ra_lrge{font-size:15px;}.gs_in_cb label:empty:before,.gs_in_cb .gs_lbl:empty:before,.gs_in_ra label:empty:before{content:"\200b";}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_cb label,.gs_el_tc .gs_in_cb .gs_lbl,.gs_el_tc .gs_in_ra label{padding-top:8px;padding-bottom:5px;}.gs_in_cb.gs_in_cbj label,.gs_in_cb.gs_in_cbj .gs_lbl{padding:13px 0 12px 41px;}.gs_in_cbb,.gs_in_cbb label,.gs_in_cbb .gs_lbl{display:block;}.gs_in_cb .gs_cbx,.gs_in_ra .gs_cbx{position:absolute}.gs_in_cb .gs_cbx{top:2px;left:2px;width:11px;height:11px;border:1px solid #c6c6c6;border-radius:1px;}.gs_md_li .gs_cbx{top:8px;left:18px}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_cb .gs_cbx{top:10px}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_li .gs_cbx{top:16px}.gs_in_cb.gs_in_cbj .gs_cbx{top:15px;left:15px}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_ra .gs_cbx{top:8px}.gs_in_ra .gs_cbx{top:0;left:0;border:1px solid #c6c6c6;width:13px;height:13px;border-radius:7px;}.gs_in_cb:hover .gs_cbx,.gs_in_ra:hover .gs_cbx{border-color:#666;box-shadow:inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.1);}button.gs_in_cb:hover .gs_cbx{border-color:#c6c6c6;}.gs_in_cb :focus~label,.gs_in_ra :focus~label{outline:1px dotted #222;}.gs_pfcs .gs_in_cb :focus~label,.gs_pfcs .gs_in_ra :focus~label{outline:none;}.gs_in_cb:active .gs_cbx,.gs_in_ra:active .gs_cbx,.gs_in_cb .gs_cbx:active,.gs_in_ra .gs_cbx:active,.gs_in_cb :active~.gs_cbx,.gs_in_ra :active~.gs_cbx{border-color:#666;background-color:#ebebeb;}button.gs_in_cb:active .gs_cbx{border-color:#a6a6a6;}.gs_in_cb :disabled~.gs_cbx,.gs_in_ra :disabled~.gs_cbx,button.gs_in_cb:disabled .gs_cbx{border-color:#f1f1f1;box-shadow:none;}.gs_in_cb :disabled~label,.gs_in_ra :disabled~label{color:#b8b8b8;}.gs_in_cb.gs_err .gs_cbx{border-color:#eda29b;}.gs_in_cb .gs_chk,.gs_in_ra .gs_chk{position:absolute;z-index:1;top:-3px;left:-2px;width:21px;height:21px;}.gs_md_li .gs_chk{top:3px;left:14px}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_cb .gs_chk{top:5px}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_li .gs_chk{top:11px}.gs_in_cb.gs_in_cbj .gs_chk{top:10px;left:11px}.gs_in_ra .gs_chk{top:4px;left:4px;width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:4px;}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_ra .gs_chk{top:12px}.gs_in_cb input:checked~.gs_chk,.gs_in_cb.gs_sel .gs_chk{background:no-repeat url(/intl/en/scholar/images/1x/sprite_20161020.png) -69px -67px;opacity:.62;}.gs_in_ra input:checked~.gs_chk{background-color:#666}.gs_in_cb.gs_par .gs_chk{background:no-repeat url(/intl/en/scholar/images/1x/sprite_20161020.png) -21px -44px;opacity:.55;}@media(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5),(min-resolution:144dpi){.gs_in_cb input:checked~.gs_chk,.gs_in_cb.gs_sel .gs_chk,.gs_in_cb.gs_par .gs_chk{background-image:url(/intl/en/scholar/images/2x/sprite_20161020.png);background-size:169px;}}.gs_in_cb input:checked:disabled~.gs_chk{opacity:.22}.gs_in_ra input:checked:disabled~.gs_chk{background-color:#f1f1f1}.gs_in_cb.gs_bsp .gs_cbx{top:6px;left:16px;border-radius:6px;border-width:3px;animation:gs_cbx_spn .5s infinite linear;}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_cb.gs_md_li.gs_bsp .gs_cbx{top:14px}.gs_in_cb .gs_csp{background:url('/intl/en/scholar/images/spinner.gif') no-repeat;position:absolute;height:25px;width:25px;top:2px;left:12px;display:none;animation:gs_cbx_ah 9s infinite;}.gs_in_cb.gs_bsp .gs_csp{display:block}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_li .gs_csp{top:10px}@keyframes gs_cbx_spn{0%,100%{border-color:#4d90fe #c6c6c6 #c6c6c6 #c6c6c6}40%{border-color:#c6c6c6 #4d90fe #c6c6c6 #c6c6c6}50%{border-color:#c6c6c6 #c6c6c6 #4d90fe #c6c6c6}60%{border-color:#c6c6c6 #c6c6c6 #c6c6c6 #4d90fe}}@keyframes gs_cbx_ah{0%,100%{visibility:hidden}}.gs_ico_x{background-position:-113px -22px;opacity:.55;}.gs_ico_x:hover{opacity:.72;}.gs_ico_x:active{opacity:1;}.gs_ico_X{background-position:-71px 0;opacity:.55;}.gs_ico_X:hover{opacity:.72;}.gs_ico_X:active{opacity:1;}.gs_btnX .gs_ico{background-position:-71px 0;}.gs_el_tc .gs_ico_Xt{background-origin:content-box;background-clip:content-box;padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;}.gs_ico_P{background-position:0 0;opacity:.55;}.gs_ico_P:hover{opacity:.72;}.gs_ico_P:active{opacity:1;}.gs_btnP .gs_ico{background-position:-21px 0;}.gs_btnC .gs_ico{background-position:0 -66px;}.gs_btnL .gs_ico{background-position:-92px -44px;}.gs_ico_LB{background-position:-50px -44px;height:16px;}.gs_btnJ .gs_ico{background-position:-92px -22px;}.gs_btnM .gs_ico{background-position:-92px 0;}.gs_btnMW .gs_ico{background-position:-21px -22px;}.gs_btnSB .gs_ico{background-position:0 -44px;}.gs_btnTSB .gs_ico{background-position:-115px -253px;}.gs_btnPL .gs_ico{background-position:-148px -66px;}.gs_btnPR .gs_ico{background-position:-21px -66px;}.gs_btnPLW .gs_ico{background-position:-0 -230px;}.gs_btnPRW .gs_ico{background-position:-23px -230px;}.gs_btnZI .gs_ico{background-position:-148px -22px;}.gs_btnZO .gs_ico{background-position:-127px -44px;}.gs_btnDE .gs_ico{background-position:-134px 0;}.gs_btnFI .gs_ico{background-position:-50px -66px;}.gs_btnAD .gs_ico{background-position:-141px -88px;opacity:.55;}.gs_btnAD:hover .gs_ico{opacity:.72;}.gs_btnAD:active .gs_ico,.gs_btnAD .gs_ico:active,.gs_btnAD :active~.gs_ico{opacity:1;}.gs_btnBA .gs_ico{background-position:-50px -22px;}.gs_btnADD .gs_ico{background-position:-92px -66px;}.gs_btnMRG .gs_ico{background-position:-113px 0;}.gs_btnLBL .gs_ico{background-position:0 -161px;}.gs_btnCNCL .gs_ico{background-position:-71px 0;}.gs_btnDWL .gs_ico{background-position:-28px -88px;}.gs_btnMNU .gs_ico{background-position:0 -88px;}.gs_btnMNT .gs_ico{background-position:-46px -161px;}.gs_btnALT .gs_ico{background-position:-92px -161px;}.gs_btnART .gs_ico{background-position:-115px -161px;}.gs_btnGSL .gs_ico{background-position:-69px -161px;}.gs_btnCLS .gs_ico{background-position:-138px -161px;}.gs_btnXBLU .gs_ico{background-position:-138px -253px;}.gs_btnSSB .gs_ico{background-position:0 -276px;}.gs_btnSSW .gs_ico{background-position:-23px -276px;}.gs_btnFLT .gs_ico{background-position:0 -184px;}.gs_btnXT .gs_ico{background-position:-46px -184px;}.gs_btnPD .gs_ico{background-position:-69px -184px;}.gs_btnPU .gs_ico {background-position:-92px -276px;}.gs_btnCP .gs_ico{background-position:-92px -184px;}.gs_btnTP .gs_ico{background-position:-138px -184px;}.gs_btnML .gs_ico{background-position:-115px -276px;}.gs_btnCHK .gs_ico{background-position:-71px -66px;}.gs_btnDNB .gs_ico{background-position:-115px -230px;}.gs_btnDNW .gs_ico{background-position:0 -207px;}.gs_btnACA .gs_ico{background-position:-23px -207px;}.gs_btnAPT .gs_ico{background-position:-46px -207px;}.gs_btnAPTW .gs_ico{background-position:-92px -230px;}.gs_btnAFL .gs_ico{background-position:-69px -207px;}.gs_btnAN .gs_ico{background-position:-46px -276px;}.gs_btnAI .gs_ico{background-position:-69px -276px;}.gs_btnPBL .gs_ico{background-position:-92px -207px;}.gs_btnUCT .gs_ico{background-position:-115px -207px;}.gs_btnVRF .gs_ico{background-position:-138px -207px;}.gs_btnLSI .gs_ico{background-position:-46px -230px;}.gs_btnLSG .gs_ico{background-position:-69px -230px;}.gs_btnMOR .gs_ico{background-position:-23px -253px;}.gs_btnADV .gs_ico{background-position:-46px -253px;}.gs_btnPRO .gs_ico{background-position:-69px -253px;}.gs_ico_star{background-position:-71px -44px;width:13px;height:13px;}.gs_btnPLSW .gs_ico{background-position:-138px -230px;}.gs_btnPDF .gs_ico{background-position:0 -253px;}.gs_btnS .gs_ico{background-position:-138px -276px;}.gs_btnUNS .gs_ico{background-position:0 -299px;}.gs_btnMORR .gs_ico{background-position:-23px -299px;}.gs_btnTW .gs_ico{background-position:-46px -299px;}.gs_btnIN .gs_ico{background-position:-69px -299px;}.gs_btnFB .gs_ico{background-position:-92px -299px;}.gs_btnET .gs_ico{background-position:-115px -299px;}.gs_btnARC .gs_ico{background-position:-138px -299px;}.gs_btnOL .gs_ico{background-position:0px -322px;}.gs_btnFA .gs_ico{background-position:-23px -322px;}.gs_btnFAD .gs_ico{background-position:-46px -322px;}.gs_btnHP .gs_ico{background-position:-69px -322px;}.gs_btnPLM .gs_ico{background-position:-92px -322px;}.gs_btnPRM .gs_ico{background-position:-115px -322px;}.gs_btnRN .gs_ico{background-position:-138px -322px;}.gs_btnVF .gs_ico{background-position:0px -345px;}.gs_btnVP .gs_ico{background-position:-23px -345px;}.gs_btnSRT .gs_ico{background-position:-46px -345px;}#gs_md_s.gs_hdr_drs{transition:opacity .15s,visibility 0s .15s;}#gs_md_s.gs_hdr_drs.gs_vis{transition:opacity .15s,visibility 0s;}.gs_el_tc #gs_md_s.gs_hdr_drs{transition:opacity .218s,visibility 0s .218s;}.gs_el_tc #gs_md_s.gs_hdr_drs.gs_vis{transition:opacity .218s,visibility 0s;}#gs_hdr_drw{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;height:100%;z-index:1200;visibility:hidden;overflow:auto;width:228px;background-color:#fff;box-shadow:2px 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.15);outline:none;transform:translate(-100%,0);transition:transform .15s ease-in-out,visibility 0s .15s;}#gs_hdr_drw.gs_vis{visibility:visible;transform:translate(0,0);transition:transform .15s ease-in-out,visibility 0s;}.gs_el_tc #gs_hdr_drw{transition:transform .3s cubic-bezier(.4,0,.6,1),visibility 0s .3s;}.gs_el_tc #gs_hdr_drw.gs_vis{transition:transform .225s cubic-bezier(0,0,.2,1),visibility 0s;}#gs_top #gs_hdr_drw.gs_abt,#gs_top #gs_md_s.gs_abt{transition:none;}#gs_hdr_drw_in{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;min-height:100%;padding:0 0 8px 0;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_drw_in,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_drw_in{padding:0 0 65px 0;}#gs_hdr_drw_top{position:relative;height:63px;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;margin-bottom:8px;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_drw_top,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_drw_top{height:57px;}#gs_hdr_drw_mnu,#gs_hdr_drw_lgo{position:absolute;top:0;height:100%;}#gs_hdr_drw_mnu{left:0;width:55px;}#gs_hdr_drw_lgo{left:56px;}.gs_hdr_drw_sec:before{display:block;content:" ";height:0;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;margin:8px 0;}.gs_hdr_drw_sec:first-child:before{display:none;}#gs_hdr_drw_bot{display:none;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_drw_bot,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_drw_bot{display:block;position:absolute;left:0;bottom:0;width:100%;height:65px;}#gs_hdr_drw_bot .gs_md_li:before{opacity:0;}#gs_hdr_drw_bot .gs_hdr_pp{display:block;position:absolute;bottom:14px;left:15px;pointer-events:none;}#gs_hdr_drw_bot .gs_lbl{display:block;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;}#gs_hdr{position:relative;height:63px;background-color:#f5f5f5;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;display:flex;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr{height:57px;}#gs_hdr_mnu,#gs_hdr_bck,#gs_hdr_lgo,#gs_hdr_lgt,#gs_hdr_md,#gs_hdr_sre,#gs_hdr_act{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;position:relative;height:100%;flex:0 0 auto;}#gs_hdr_md{flex:1 1 auto;}#gs_hdr .gs_hdr_mbo,#gs_hdr .gs_hdr_mbo,.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr .gs_hdr_dso,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr .gs_hdr_dso{display:none;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr .gs_hdr_mbo,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr .gs_hdr_mbo{display:inline-block;}#gs_hdr_mnu,#gs_hdr_bck,#gs_hdr_sre{width:55px;margin-right:1px;}#gs_hdr_lgo,#gs_hdr_drw_lgo{width:149px;background:no-repeat url('/intl/en/scholar/images/1x/scholar_logo_24dp.png') 0% 50%;background-size:149px;}@media(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5),(min-resolution:144dpi){#gs_hdr_lgo,#gs_hdr_drw_lgo{background-image:url('/intl/en/scholar/images/2x/scholar_logo_24dp.png');}}#gs_hdr_lgo{margin-right:31px;}.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_lgo{margin-right:0;}#gs_hdr_lgt{min-width:164px;margin-right:16px;}#gs_hdr_md{margin-right:16px;min-width:1px;}#gs_hdr_lgt,#gs_hdr_md h1{padding:19px 0 0 0;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;font-size:20px;line-height:25px;font-weight:normal;color:#666;max-width:100%;text-align:left;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_md h1,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_md h1{padding:16px 0 0 0;}#gs_hdr_srch{padding:14px 0 0 0;max-width:600px;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_srch,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_srch{padding:10px 0 0 0;max-width:none;}#gs_hdr_frm{position:relative;padding-right:39px;}#gs_hdr_tsi{height:38px;border-radius:2px 0 0 2px;}#gs_hdr_tsi::-ms-clear{display:none;}#gs_hdr_tsc{display:none;position:absolute;top:3px;right:41px;width:21px;height:21px;padding:6px 10px 7px 10px;}.gs_in_acw[dir="rtl"]~#gs_hdr_tsc{right:auto;left:1px;}#gs_hdr_tsb{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;width:40px;height:38px;border-radius:0 2px 2px 0;}#gs_hdr_frm_ac{top:37px;right:40px;}.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_frm_ac{right:0;}.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_ifc #gs_hdr_mnu,.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_ifc #gs_hdr_bck,.gs_hdr_src #gs_hdr_srch,.gs_hdr_src #gs_hdr_lgt,.gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_sre,.gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_md h1,.gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_md h1.gs_hdr_mbo,.gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_md h1.gs_hdr_dso,.gs_el_ta .gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_lgo,.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_lgo,.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_mnu,.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_bck{display:none;}.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_ifc #gs_hdr_md,.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_md{margin-left:16px;}.gs_el_tc .gs_hdr_tsc #gs_hdr_tsi[dir="ltr"]{padding-right:41px;}.gs_el_tc .gs_hdr_tsc #gs_hdr_tsi[dir="rtl"]{padding-left:41px;}.gs_el_tc .gs_hdr_tsc .gs_in_acw~#gs_hdr_tsc{display:block;}#gs_hdr_act{min-width:64px;max-width:200px;text-align:right;float:right;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_act,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act{display:none;}#gs_hdr_act_i,#gs_hdr_act_s{display:inline-block;padding:23px 24px 23px 16px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:13px;line-height:17px;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;color:#444;}#gs_hdr_act_s{text-transform:uppercase;}.gs_el_sm #gs_hdr_act_i,.gs_el_sm #gs_hdr_act_s{padding:23px 16px;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_act_i,.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_act_s,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_i,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_s{padding:20px 16px;}#gs_hdr_act_i:active,#gs_hdr_act_s:active{color:#d14836;}#gs_hdr_act_i,.gs_el_sm #gs_hdr_act_i{padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:16px;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_act_i,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_i{padding-top:12px;padding-bottom:13px;}#gs_hdr_act_i .gs_hdr_pp{vertical-align:top;}#gs_hdr_act_d{top:63px;left:auto;right:24px;min-width:288px;max-width:400px;}.gs_el_sm #gs_hdr_act_d{right:16px;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_act_d{top:57px;}.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_d{top:57px;min-width:280px;max-width:280px;max-width:90vw;}/* Account dialog body. */#gs_hdr_act_aw,#gs_hdr_act_ap,.gs_hdr_act_am,#gs_hdr_act_ab{display:block;padding:10px 20px;word-wrap:break-word;white-space:normal;}#gs_hdr_act_aw{background-color:#fef9db;font-size:11px;}#gs_hdr_act_ap,.gs_hdr_act_am{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;}#gs_hdr_act_ap{padding:20px;}.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_ap{padding:10px;}#gs_hdr_act_apb{margin-top:12px;}#gs_hdr_act_aa:link,#gs_hdr_act_aa:visited{float:right;margin-left:8px;color:#1a0dab;}#gs_hdr_act_aa:active{color:#d14836}.gs_hdr_act_am:link,.gs_hdr_act_am:visited{color:#222;text-decoration:none;background:#fbfbfb;}.gs_hdr_act_am:hover,.gs_hdr_act_am:focus{background:#f1f1f1;}.gs_hdr_act_am:active{background:#eee;}#gs_hdr_act_ab{background:#fbfbfb;padding:10px 0;display:table;width:100%;white-space:nowrap;}#gs_hdr_act_aba,#gs_hdr_act_abs{display:table-cell;padding:0 20px;}#gs_hdr_act_abs{text-align:right;}.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_aba,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_abs{display:block;padding:10px;text-align:center;}.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_aba button,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_abs button{width:100%;}#gs_hdr_act_a1,#gs_hdr_act_a2{position:absolute;top:-9px;right:7.5px;width:0;height:0;z-index:1;border:8.5px solid transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom-color:#333;border-bottom-color:rgba(0,0,0,.2);}#gs_hdr_act_a2{top:-8px;border-bottom-color:#fff;}.gs_hdr_act_mw #gs_hdr_act_a2{border-bottom-color:#fef9db;}.gs_hdr_pp{border-radius:50%;overflow:hidden;}#gs_hdr_act_ap .gs_hdr_pp,.gs_hdr_act_am .gs_hdr_pp{float:left;}#gs_hdr_act_ap .gs_hdr_pm{margin-left:116px;}.gs_hdr_act_am .gs_hdr_pm{margin:6px 0 0 58px;}#gs_ab{position:relative;height:41px;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;display:flex;white-space:nowrap;background-color:#fff;z-index:1000;}.gs_el_ta #gs_ab.gs_nta,.gs_el_ph #gs_ab.gs_nph{display:none;}.gs_sth_vis #gs_ab{position:fixed;}#gs_ab_ico,#gs_ab_ttl,#gs_ab_md,#gs_ab_btns{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;position:relative;height:100%;flex:0 0 auto;}.gs_el_ph #gs_ab_md{display:block;}#gs_ab_ico{width:55px;margin-right:1px;}#gs_ab_ico .gs_ico{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;margin:-10.5px 0 0 -10.5px;}#gs_ab_ttl{min-width:172px;padding-right:8px;}.gs_el_sm #gs_ab_ttl{min-width:68px;}.gs_el_ta #gs_ab_ttl,.gs_el_ph #gs_ab_ttl{min-width:0;}#gs_ab_ttl,#gs_ab_ttll{font-size:18px;color:#666;text-transform:none;}.gs_el_sm #gs_ab_ttl,.gs_el_sm #gs_ab_ttll{font-size:16px;}#gs_ab_ttll{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;max-width:200px;}#gs_ab_md{flex:1 0 auto;}.gs_ab_st #gs_ab_md{flex:1 1 auto;font-size:13px;line-height:17px;padding:0 8px;color:#999;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;}.gs_el_ph .gs_ab_st #gs_ab_md{visibility:hidden;padding:0;}#gs_ab_btns{margin-right:8px;}.gs_el_sm #gs_ab_btns{margin-right:0;}.gs_el_ta #gs_ab_btns,.gs_el_ph #gs_ab_btns{margin-right:4px;}#gs_ab_ttl:before,#gs_ab_md:before,#gs_ab_btns:before{content:"";display:inline-block;width:0;height:100%;vertical-align:middle;}#gs_ab_md>button,#gs_ab_btns>button,#gs_ab_md>.gs_in_ib,#gs_ab_btns>.gs_in_ib,#gs_ab_md>.gs_md_r,#gs_ab_btns>.gs_md_r,#gs_ab .gs_ab_mdw,#gs_ab .gs_ab_btw{margin:0 8px;vertical-align:middle;}#gs_ab .gs_ab_mdw,.gs_ab_btw{display:inline-block;margin:0;}#gs_ab_btns>.gs_in_ib{margin:0 16px 0 8px;}#gs_ab .gs_ab_btw{margin:0 12px 0 16px;}.gs_el_ta .gs_ab_sel #gs_ab_ico,.gs_el_ph .gs_ab_sel #gs_ab_ico,.gs_el_ta .gs_ab_sel #gs_ab_ttl,.gs_el_ph .gs_ab_sel #gs_ab_ttl,.gs_el_ta .gs_ab_sel #gs_ab_btns,.gs_el_ph .gs_ab_sel #gs_ab_btns{display:none;}#gs_bdy{display:table;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;}#gs_bdy_sb{vertical-align:top;width:228px;word-wrap:break-word;display:table-cell;}.gs_el_sm #gs_bdy_sb{}.gs_el_ta #gs_bdy_sb,.gs_el_ph #gs_bdy_sb{display:none;}.gs_bdy_sb_sec{margin:0 40px 0 56px;}.gs_bdy_sb_sec:before{display:block;content:" ";height:0;margin:13px 0;border-top:1px solid #eee;}.gs_bdy_sb_sec:first-child:before{margin:21px 0 0 0;border:none;}#gs_bdy_sb ul{list-style-type:none;}.gs_bdy_sb_sec a:link,.gs_bdy_sb_sec a:visited{color:#222;}.gs_bdy_sb_sec a:active{color:#d14836;}.gs_bdy_sb_sel a:link,.gs_bdy_sb_sel a:visited{color:#d14836;text-decoration:none;}.gs_el_tc .gs_bdy_sb_sec li.gs_ind,.gs_el_tc .gs_bdy_sb_sec li.gs_ind a{padding-top:8px;padding-bottom:5px;}.gs_el_tc .gs_bdy_sb_sec:first-child li.gs_ind:first-child{margin-top:-8px;}#gs_bdy_sb .gs_ind,#gs_bdy_sb .gs_inw{margin-bottom:6px;}.gs_el_tc #gs_bdy_sb .gs_ind,.gs_el_tc #gs_bdy_sb .gs_inw{margin-bottom:0;}#gs_bdy_ccl{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top;padding:0 24px 0 16px;}.gs_el_sm #gs_bdy_ccl{padding:0 16px;}.gs_el_ta #gs_bdy_ccl,.gs_el_ph #gs_bdy_ccl{padding:0 16px 0 56px;}.gs_el_ph #gs_bdy_ccl{padding:0 16px;}#gs_ftr_sp{height:62px;}.gs_el_sm #gs_ftr_sp{height:57px;}#gs_ftr{position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;white-space:nowrap;border-top:1px solid #e4e4e4;background-color:#f2f2f2;display:flex;}#gs_ftr.gs_pfix{position:fixed;}#gs_ftr_rt{box-sizing:border-box;max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;margin-left:auto;padding:0 12px;}.gs_el_sm #gs_ftr_rt{padding:0 8px;}.gs_el_ph #gs_ftr_rt:after{content:" ";position:absolute;top:0;right:0;width:16px;height:100%;background-image:linear-gradient(to right,rgba(242,242,242,0),rgba(242,242,242,1) 80%);}#gs_ftr_rt>a{display:inline-block;line-height:16px;padding:12px;white-space:nowrap;}.gs_el_sm #gs_ftr_rt>a{padding:12px 8px;}#gs_ftr_rt>a:link,#gs_ftr_rt>a:visited{color:#666}#gs_ftr_rt>a:active{color:#d14836}#gs_ftr_mnu{top:auto;bottom:48px;left:auto;right:24px;padding:8px 0;}.gs_el_sm #gs_ftr_mnu{right:16px;}#gsc_sb_ui{text-align:center;margin-bottom:16px;}#gsc_sb_ui img{max-width:120px;height:auto;}.gs_el_sm #gsc_sb_ui img{max-width:100px;}.gsc_sb_addl{text-align:right;padding:0 8px;color:#777777;min-width:60px;}#gsc_ccl{max-width:862px;margin:21px 0 0 0;}.gs_el_sm #gsc_ccl{margin:16px 0 0 0;}.gsc_art_mm{font-size:24px;line-height:16px;display:inline-block;margin:-10px 0 0 4px;position:relative;top:8px;}.gs_pp_tn,.gs_el_ta .gs_pp_mo_tn,.gs_el_ph .gs_pp_mo_tn{width:32px;height:32px;}.gs_pp_sm,.gs_el_ta .gs_pp_mo_sm,.gs_el_ph .gs_pp_mo_sm{width:56px;height:56px;}.gs_pp_nm,.gs_el_ta .gs_pp_mo_nm,.gs_el_ph .gs_pp_mo_nm{width:128px;height:128px;}.gsc_mnd_title{border-bottom:1px solid #eee;margin-bottom:16px;padding-bottom:16px;font-size:17px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;}.gsc_mnd_ma{margin-right:24px;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_mnd_title{padding:0 16px 8px 16px;}#gsc_mnd_lm{font-size:13px;color:#777777;white-space:nowrap;text-decoration:underline;}#gsc_mnd_lm:active{color:#d14836;}.gsc_mnd_disclaimer{font-size:13px;font-style:italic;text-align:center;padding-bottom:11px;}.gsc_mnd_noarticles{font-size:15px;text-align:center;}.gs_el_sm .gsc_mnd_disclaimer,.gs_el_ph .gsc_mnd_noarticles{padding:0px 16px 16px 16px;}.gsc_mnd_noarticles+.gsc_mnd_disclaimer{display:none;}.gsc_mnd_art_act{float:right;padding-left:64px;padding-bottom:4px;order:2;display:flex;}.gsc_mnd_art_bnr{padding-left:32px;min-width:200px;max-width:250px;width:calc(100% - 700px);overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_mnd_art_bnr{padding:0 0 16px 0;display:flex;align-items:baseline;width:auto;max-width:100%;}.gs_el_sm .gsc_mnd_art_act{padding-left:32px;}.gs_el_ta .gsc_mnd_art_act{padding-left:24px;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_mnd_art_act{float:none;display:block;padding-left:0;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_mnd_art_access{overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_mnd_btn_upl,.gs_el_ph .gsc_mnd_btn_prln,.gs_el_ph .gsc_mnd_btn_upln,.gs_el_ph .gsc_mnd_btn_fxln,.gs_el_ph .gsc_mnd_art_access{margin-right:24px;}#gsc_mnd_btn_lb{font-size:13px;}.gsc_mnd_art_act #gsc_mnd_btn_lb{width:97px;min-width:50px;max-width:180px;}#gsc_ccl.gsc_md_ccl{max-width:950px;}.gs_el_ph #gs_bdy_ccl{padding:0;}.gsc_mnd_art{margin:16px;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;}.gsc_mnd_art:last-child{border-bottom:none;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_mnd_art{display:flex;flex-flow:column;}.gsc_mnd_art_info{padding-bottom:16px;order:1;max-width:700px;}.gsc_mnd_sec_hdr{font-weight:bold;padding:16px;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_mnd_sec_na{padding-top:16px;}.gsc_mnd_sec_na .gsc_mnd_sec_hdr{border-bottom:2px solid #dd4b39;color:#dd4b39;}.gsc_mnd_sec_rec .gsc_mnd_sec_hdr{border-bottom:2px solid #777;color:#777;}.gsc_mnd_sec_avl .gsc_mnd_sec_hdr{border-bottom:2px solid #006621;color:#006621;}.gsc_mnd_sec_rec .gsc_mnd_pnd{font-style:italic;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_mnd_sec_rec .gsc_mnd_pnd{display:none;}.gsc_mnd_art_ttl,.gsc_md_mndt_ttl,.gsc_mnd_art_access,.gsc_mnd_art_hdr{font-size:17px;}.gsc_mnd_link_font{font-size:13px;text-transform:uppercase;}#gsc_mnd_mandates{margin-right:24px;}.gsc_mnd_art_rvw{white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;padding-top:12px;display:block;max-width:max-content;}.gsc_mnd_art_rvw:first-child{padding-top:0;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_mnd_art_rvw {padding-top:0;}.gsc_mnd_art_typ{font-weight:bold;font-size:13px;}.gsc_mnd_art_mnd_res{padding-top:16px;}.gsc_mnd_art_date{padding-top:4px;}#gsc_md_mndt-d{width:80%;max-width:800px;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_md_mndt-d{width:100%;}.gsc_md_header{padding-bottom:18px;}#gsc_md_mndt_btn_upl{margin-top:-6px;}#gsc_md_mndt_list{padding-left:16px;}.gsc_md_mndt_name{margin-right:4px;}#gsc_md_mndt_list>li{padding:6px 0;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_md_header{border-bottom:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.1)}.gs_el_ph #gsc_md_mndt_list{padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_md_mndt_btn_close{border-top:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.1)}.gsc_md_mndt_title{font-size:15px;padding-bottom:8px;}.gsc_md_mndt_edit_hdr{font-size:16px;}.gsc_md_mndt_button_desc{padding-left:22px;color:#777;}.gsc_md_mndt_rd{padding-top:8px;}#gsc_mnd_prln_f .gsc_md_mndt_rd{font-weight:bold;padding:8px 0 4px 0;}#gsc_mnd_prln_f .gsc_md_mndt_button_desc{color:#222;padding-bottom:8px;}.gsc_mndt_mrg_des{padding-bottom:8px;padding-left:22px;}#gsc_md_mndt_res,#gsc_md_mndt_date{padding-left:22px;}.gsc_md_mndt_mod #gsc_md_mndt_btn_rec,.gsc_md_mndt_mod #gsc_md_mndt_btn_close,#gsc_md_mndt_form,#gsc_md_mndt_frm_h,#gsc_md_mndt_btn_dn,#gsc_md_mndt_res,#gsc_md_mndt_date,#gsc_md_mndt_btn_cnl,.gsc_md_mndt_view_upl #gsc_md_mndt_view,.gsc_md_mndt_view_prln #gsc_md_mndt_view,.gsc_md_mndt_view_upln #gsc_md_mndt_view,.gsc_md_mndt_view_fxln #gsc_md_mndt_view,#gsc_md_mndt_upload,#gsc_md_mndt_prln,#gsc_md_mndt_upln,#gsc_md_mndt_fxln,.gsc_md_mndt_view_upl #gsc_md_mndt_title_mandates,.gsc_md_mndt_view_prln #gsc_md_mndt_title_mandates,.gsc_md_mndt_view_upln #gsc_md_mndt_title_mandates,.gsc_md_mndt_view_fxln #gsc_md_mndt_title_mandates,#gsc_md_mndt_title_upload,#gsc_md_mndt_title_prln,#gsc_md_mndt_title_upln,#gsc_md_mndt_title_fxln{display:none;}#gsc_md_mndt_btn_rec,#gsc_md_mndt_btn_close,.gsc_md_mndt_mod #gsc_md_mndt_btn_dn,.gsc_md_mndt_mod #gsc_md_mndt_btn_cnl{display:inline-block;}.gsc_md_mndt_mod #gsc_md_mndt_form,#gsc_md_mndt_form[data-sel="date"] #gsc_md_mndt_date,#gsc_md_mndt_form[data-sel="notme"] #gsc_md_mndt_res,.gsc_md_mndt_view_upl #gsc_md_mndt_upload,.gsc_md_mndt_view_prln #gsc_md_mndt_prln,.gsc_md_mndt_view_upln #gsc_md_mndt_upln,.gsc_md_mndt_view_fxln #gsc_md_mndt_fxln{display:block;}.gsc_md_mndt_view_upl #gsc_md_mndt_title_upload,.gsc_md_mndt_view_prln #gsc_md_mndt_title_prln,.gsc_md_mndt_view_upln #gsc_md_mndt_title_upln,.gsc_md_mndt_view_fxln #gsc_md_mndt_title_fxln{display:inline;}.gsc_md_mndt_res_cbox{padding-right:16px;}#gsc_md_mndt_form{padding-top:16px;}.gs_md_btns.gs_mnd_btns{white-space:normal;}.gs_md_btns.gs_mnd_btns button{white-space:nowrap;margin-right:24px;margin-bottom:16px;}#gsc_md_mndt_btn_rec{margin-left:-9px;}#gsc_md_mndt_btn_rec,#gsc_md_mndt_btn_cnl{margin-right:0px;}.gsc_mnd_lmps_trm .gs_ind{white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_mnd_tlbr,.gs_el_ta #gsc_mnd_tlbr{display:flex;align-items:flex-end;justify-content:space-between;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;margin-top:-16px;}#gsc_mnd_dd_sort-s{margin-right:6px;}#gsc_mnd_dd_sort-d{left:auto;right:0;}#gsc_mnd_dd_agn-s{margin-left:6px;}#gsc_mnd_dd_agn-d{max-width:300px;min-width:108px;width:108px;width:max-content;word-break:break-word;white-space:normal;}#gsc_mnd_dd_agn-d,#gsc_mnd_dd_sort-d {padding:8px 0;}#gsc_mnd_tlbr .gsc_mnd_dd_sel{color:#dd4b39;}#gsc_mnd_dd_agnl{text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;max-width:220px;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_mnd_dd_agnl{max-width:calc(100vw - 87px);}.gs_el_ta #gsc_mnd_dd_agnl{max-width:calc(100vw - 159px);}.gsc_mnd_note,.gsc_md_mndt_rec{padding:2px 4px;margin-right:8px;border-radius:3px;display:inline-block;font-size:11px;text-transform:uppercase;}.gsc_mnd_note{color:#fff;background-color:#4d90fe;font-weight:bold;}.gsc_md_mndt_rec{color:#222;background-color:#e5e5e5;margin-left:16px;font-weight:bold;}.gsc_upl_art{border-bottom:1px solid #cccccc;padding-bottom:23px;margin-bottom:20px;}.gsc_mnd_spcl{font-size:13px;color:#222;}.gsc_prln_btns{margin-top:24px;}#gsc_md_prln_submit{margin-right:16px;}.gs_btnVP{opacity:.55;}.gsc_mnd_fxln{color:#d14836}.gsc_md_gvln_mor{padding-left:22px;}.gsc_mnd_plico{position:relative;top:4px;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_mnd_plico{top:0px;padding-bottom:16px;}.gsc_mnd_ttp{top:30px;right:48%;right:calc(50% - 1px);position:absolute;transition:visibility 0s .13s,opacity .13s ease-out;visibility:hidden;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_mnd_ttp{display:none;}.gsc_mnd_ttp .gsc_mnd_txt{font-weight:normal;font-size:13px;width:250px;width:max-content;max-width:250px;color:#222;background:white;padding:12px;box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.2);box-sizing:border-box;right:-70%;border:1px solid #e5e5e5;border-radius:3px;display:block;position:relative;top:2px;z-index:2;}.gsc_mnd_ttp .gsc_mnd_aru{width:11px;height:11px;position:absolute;background-color:#fff;box-shadow:-1px -1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.1);transform:rotate(45deg);right:-5px;top:-3px;z-index:3;}.gsc_mnd_plico:hover .gsc_mnd_ttp,.gsc_mnd_plico:focus .gsc_mnd_ttp{transition:visibility 0s .3s,opacity .13s ease-in .3s;visibility:visible;opacity:1;}#gsc_mnd_prln_f .gsc_upl_ico,.gs_el_ph .gsc_mnd_plico .gsc_upl_ico{padding-right:5px;display:inline-block;position:relative;top:6px;}.gsc_upl_desc_txt{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;}.gsc_mnd_plico .gsc_upl_desc_hdr{display:none;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_mnd_plico .gsc_upl_desc_hdr{display:inline;}.gsc_upl_desc .gsc_upl_desc_hdr{font-size:15px;}.gsc_upl_desc_hdr{font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_mnd_opts,.gs_el_ta #gsc_mnd_opts{display:flex;align-items:baseline;}.gsc_upl_title{font-size:20px;margin:0 0 4px 0;}.gsc_upl_desc{font-size:13px;padding-top:12px;line-height:1.24;}.gsc_upl_desc>p{margin:12px 0;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_upl_desc{padding-top:4px;}#gsc_upl_error:empty,#gsc_upl_form{display:none;}#gsc_upl_error{padding:8px;margin-bottom:16px;}#gsc_nm{clear:both;position:relative;text-align:center;max-width:500px;margin:24px auto;font-size:15px;line-height:41px;}#gsc_nm button{position:absolute;top:0}#gsc_nm .gs_btnPL{left:-50px}#gsc_nm .gs_btnPR{right:-50px}#gsc_nml{overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;}.gsc_nma{display:inline-block;width:40px;margin:0 5px;}.gs_fsvg line{stroke:#222222}a:link .gs_fsvg{fill:#1a0dab;}a:link .gs_fsvg line{stroke:#1a0dab;}a:visited .gs_fsvg{fill:#660099;}a:visited .gs_fsvg line{stroke:#660099;}a:active .gs_fsvg{fill:#d14836;}a:active .gs_fsvg line{stroke:#d14836;}a .gs_fsvg{border-bottom:1px solid transparent;}a:hover .gs_fsvg,a:focus .gs_fsvg{border-bottom-color:inherit;}.gs_fsml{font-size:13px}.gs_fscp{font-variant:small-caps}</style><script>!function(GSP){var aa=function(a){var b=0;return function(){return b<a.length?{done:!1,value:a[b++]}:{done:!0}}},ba=typeof Object.defineProperties=="function"?Object.defineProperty:function(a,b,c){if(a==Array.prototype||a==Object.prototype)return a;a[b]=c.value;return a},ca=function(a){a=["object"==typeof globalThis&&globalThis,a,"object"==typeof window&&window,"object"==typeof self&&self,"object"==typeof global&&global];for(var b=0;b<a.length;++b){var c=a[b];if(c&&c.Math==Math)return c}throw Error("Cannot find global object"); },da=ca(this),h=function(a,b){if(b)a:{var c=da;a=a.split(".");for(var d=0;d<a.length-1;d++){var e=a[d];if(!(e in c))break a;c=c[e]}a=a[a.length-1];d=c[a];b=b(d);b!=d&&b!=null&&ba(c,a,{configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:b})}}; h("Symbol",function(a){if(a)return a;var b=function(f,g){this.da=f;ba(this,"description",{configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:g})};b.prototype.toString=function(){return this.da};var c="jscomp_symbol_"+(Math.random()*1E9>>>0)+"_",d=0,e=function(f){if(this instanceof e)throw new TypeError("Symbol is not a constructor");return new b(c+(f||"")+"_"+d++,f)};return e});var ea=typeof Object.create=="function"?Object.create:function(a){var b=function(){};b.prototype=a;return new b},fa; if(typeof Object.setPrototypeOf=="function")fa=Object.setPrototypeOf;else{var ha;a:{var ia={a:!0},ja={};try{ja.__proto__=ia;ha=ja.a;break a}catch(a){}ha=!1}fa=ha?function(a,b){a.__proto__=b;if(a.__proto__!==b)throw new TypeError(a+" is not extensible");return a}:null} var ka=fa,ma=function(a,b){a.prototype=ea(b.prototype);a.prototype.constructor=a;if(ka)ka(a,b);else for(var c in b)if(c!="prototype")if(Object.defineProperties){var d=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(b,c);d&&Object.defineProperty(a,c,d)}else a[c]=b[c];a.sa=b.prototype};h("Symbol.dispose",function(a){return a?a:Symbol("Symbol.dispose")}); h("Math.trunc",function(a){return a?a:function(b){b=Number(b);if(isNaN(b)||b===Infinity||b===-Infinity||b===0)return b;var c=Math.floor(Math.abs(b));return b<0?-c:c}});var na=function(a){a=Math.trunc(a)||0;a<0&&(a+=this.length);if(!(a<0||a>=this.length))return this[a]};h("Array.prototype.at",function(a){return a?a:na});var n=function(a){return a?a:na};h("Int8Array.prototype.at",n);h("Uint8Array.prototype.at",n);h("Uint8ClampedArray.prototype.at",n);h("Int16Array.prototype.at",n); h("Uint16Array.prototype.at",n);h("Int32Array.prototype.at",n);h("Uint32Array.prototype.at",n);h("Float32Array.prototype.at",n);h("Float64Array.prototype.at",n);h("String.prototype.at",function(a){return a?a:na});/* Copyright The Closure Library Authors. SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 */ var oa=function(a){var b=typeof a;return b=="object"&&a!=null||b=="function"},pa=function(a,b){var c=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,1);return function(){var d=c.slice();d.push.apply(d,arguments);return a.apply(this,d)}};var p=function(){this.D=this.D;this.J=this.J};p.prototype.D=!1;p.prototype.isDisposed=function(){return this.D};p.prototype.dispose=function(){this.D||(this.D=!0,this.O())};p.prototype[Symbol.dispose]=function(){this.dispose()};p.prototype.O=function(){if(this.J)for(;this.J.length;)this.J.shift()()};var qa=function(){};function q(a,b){a.classList.add(b)}function v(a,b){a.classList.remove(b)}function w(a,b){return a.classList?a.classList.contains(b):!1}function x(a,b,c){c=c!==void 0?c:!w(a,b);(c?q:v)(a,b)};function y(a){return(navigator.userAgent||"").indexOf(a)>=0}var ra=y("iPhone")||y("iPad")||y("iPod"),sa=y("iPhone")||y("Android")&&y("Mobile");function ta(){if(b===void 0){var a=window.screen;a={width:window.innerWidth,height:window.innerHeight,ra:a.width,qa:a.height}}else a=b;var b=a;a=b.width;var c=b.height,d=b.ra;b=b.qa;var e=4;if(a<600||d*b<48E4||sa)e=1;else if(a<982)e=2;else if(a<1136||c<590)e=3;return e}var ua,va=/[?&]tc=([01])/.exec(location.search||""); ua=va?+va[1]>0:y("Android")?!0:window.matchMedia&&window.matchMedia("(pointer)").matches?window.matchMedia("(pointer:coarse)").matches:!y("Firefox")||y("Mobile")||y("Tablet")?ra||"ontouchstart"in window||(navigator.msMaxTouchPoints||0)>0:!1;function wa(){if(xa==void 0){xa=!1;try{var a=Object.defineProperty({},"passive",{get:function(){xa=!0}});window.addEventListener("testPassive",qa,a);window.removeEventListener("testPassive",qa,a)}catch(b){}}return xa}var xa;var ya=function(a){this.Y=a},za=new ya("INPUT"),Aa=new ya("SCRIPT");function A(a){return document.getElementById(a)}function Ba(a){return a.id||(a.id="gs_id"+Ca++)}function Da(a){a=(a===void 0?null:a)||document.body;return(a?window.getComputedStyle(a,null):null).direction=="rtl"} function Ea(a){var b=[];a=a.elements;for(var c=a.length,d=0;d<c;d++){var e=a[d],f=encodeURIComponent(e.name||""),g=e.type;!f||e.disabled||!(g!="checkbox"&&g!="radio"||e.checked)||b.push(f+"="+encodeURIComponent(e.value||""))}return b.join("&")}function B(a,b){var c=a.elements[b];c||(c=document.createElement(za.Y),c.type="hidden",c.name=b,a.appendChild(c));return c}function Fa(a){a.match(Ga)&&(window.location.href=a)}var Ca=100,Ha=/\S+/g,Ga=/^(?:https?:|[^:/?#]*(?:[/?#]|$))/i,Ia=/^(?:#|\/[a-z0-9_-]*(?:[?].*)?$)/i;function Ja(a){return a.hasOwnProperty("gs_uid")?a.gs_uid:a.gs_uid=++Ka}var Ka=0;var F=function(){this.o=[];this.H={};this.U=this.K=0};F.prototype.add=function(a){var b=Ja(a);this.H[b]||(this.o.push(a),this.H[b]=this.o.length,++this.K)};F.prototype.remove=function(a){a=Ja(a);var b=this.H[a];b&&(this.o[b-1]=null,delete this.H[a],--this.K*2<this.o.length&&!this.U&&La(this))};F.prototype.notify=function(a){var b=this.o;try{++this.U;for(var c=0;c<b.length;c++){var d=b[c];d&&d.apply(null,arguments)}}finally{!--this.U&&this.K*2<b.length&&La(this)}};F.prototype.getSize=function(){return this.K}; var La=function(a){var b=a.o,c=b.length;a=a.H;for(var d=0,e=0;e<c;e++){var f=b[e];f&&(b[d]=f,a[Ja(f)]=++d)}b.length=d};function G(a,b,c,d,e){Ma(a,b,c,d===void 0?!1:d,e===void 0?!1:e,Oa)}function H(a,b,c,d){Ma(a,b,c,d===void 0?!1:d,!1,Pa)}function Qa(a,b,c,d){function e(g){H(f,a,e,c);b(g)}var f=document;c=c===void 0?!1:c;G(f,a,e,c,d===void 0?!1:d)}function Ra(a){Sa?Sa.add(a):a()}var Ta=window.requestAnimationFrame?function(a){window.requestAnimationFrame(a)}:function(a){setTimeout(function(){return a(window.performance&&performance.now?performance.now():Date.now())},33)}; function Ua(a){a.stopPropagation();a.preventDefault()}function Va(a){return(a.ctrlKey?1:0)|(a.altKey?2:0)|(a.metaKey?4:0)|(a.shiftKey?8:0)}function Oa(a,b,c,d,e){var f=a.addEventListener;e=e&&wa();f.call(a,b,c,e?{passive:e,capture:d}:d)}function Pa(a,b,c,d){a.removeEventListener(b,c,d)}function Ma(a,b,c,d,e,f){if(typeof b==="string")f(a,b,c,d,e);else for(var g=b.length,l=0;l<g;l++)f(a,b[l],c,d,e)}function Wa(){Sa.notify();Sa=null} function Xa(){document.readyState=="complete"&&(H(document,"readystatechange",Xa),Wa())}var Sa,Ya=!!document.attachEvent,Za=document.readyState;if(Ya?Za!="complete":Za=="loading")Sa=new F,Ya?G(document,"readystatechange",Xa):Qa("DOMContentLoaded",Wa);function $a(){Qa(["mousedown","touchstart"],function(){x(document.documentElement,"gs_pfcs",!0);G(document,"keydown",ab,!0)},!0,!0)}function ab(a){a.keyCode==9&&(x(document.documentElement,"gs_pfcs",!1),H(document,"keydown",ab,!0),$a())}$a();function bb(a,b,c,d,e){var f=A(a);cb(f,function(){q(f,"gs_vis");b&&b()},function(){v(f,"gs_vis");c&&c()},d,e)}function db(a){a=I[a]||[0];return a[a.length-1]} function cb(a,b,c,d,e,f){f=f===void 0?"":f;var g=Ba(a),l=db(g);if(!l||l<db(f)){var m=document.activeElement;f=A(f);eb(fb(f||a),!0);b&&b();J.push(function(k){I[g].pop();I[g].length||delete I[g];if(!k){(k=e)||m==document.body||(k=m);var r=document.activeElement;if(k)try{k.focus()}catch(C){}else r&&a.contains(r)&&r.blur()}c&&c()});I[g]||(I[g]=[]);I[g].push(J.length);m&&a.contains(m)||setTimeout(function(){var k=d,r=k&&k.type=="text";if(!k||r&&ua)k=a;try{k.focus(),r&&(k.value=k.value)}catch(C){}},0)}} function K(a){eb((db(a)||1E6)-1,!1)}function gb(a){a=a===void 0?!1:a;J.pop()(a)}function eb(a,b){for(b=b===void 0?!1:b;J.length>a;)gb(b||J.length>a+1)}function fb(a){for(var b=0;a&&!(b=db(a.id));)a=a.parentNode;return b}var J=[],I={};G(document,"click",function(a){var b=J.length;b&&!Va(a)&&b>fb(a.target)&&gb(!0)});G(document,"keydown",function(a){a.keyCode==27&&!Va(a)&&J.length&&gb()}); G(document,"focus",function(a){var b=J.length;if(b)for(var c=fb(a.target);c<b;){var d="",e;for(e in I)if(db(e)==b){d=e;break}a:{d=(A(d).getAttribute("data-wfc")||"").match(Ha)||[];for(var f=0;f<d.length;f++){var g=A(d[f]);if(g&&g.offsetWidth){d=g;break a}}d=void 0}if(d){Ua(a);d.focus();break}else gb(!0),--b}},!0);var hb={},ib={},jb;try{jb=window.sessionStorage}catch(a){};function L(a){return typeof a=="object"?a:null}function kb(){var a=lb(),b=mb();b=nb(b);a=ob(a);a=pb(a)||"#";M=L(b);qb?window.history.replaceState(b,"",a):window.location.replace(a)}function pb(a){var b=[],c;for(c in a)b.push(encodeURIComponent(c)+"="+encodeURIComponent(a[c]));return(a=b.sort().join("&"))?"#"+a:""} function rb(a){var b={};a=a.split("&");for(var c=0;c<a.length;c++){var d=a[c],e=d.indexOf("=");if(e+1){var f=d.substr(0,e);d=d.substr(e+1)}else f=d,d="";f&&(b[decodeURIComponent(f)]=decodeURIComponent(d))}return b}function sb(){var a=window.location.hash,b=a.indexOf("#")+1;return rb(b?a.substr(b):"")}function tb(a,b){for(var c in b){var d=b[c];d!==void 0?a[c]=d:delete a[c]}}function ob(a){var b=sb();tb(b,a);return b} function nb(a){var b=M||L(window.history.state),c={},d;for(d in b)c[d]=b[d];tb(c,a);return c}function ub(){setTimeout(function(){if(!vb){var a=window.history.state;vb=!0;M=L(a);wb.notify()}xb=!1},0)}var wb=new F,M,vb=!1,xb=!0,qb="pushState"in window.history,yb; if(typeof GSP=="undefined")yb=!1;else{var zb=.001*Date.now(),Ab=GSP.eventId,Bb=!1,N,Cb=jb;if(!("nh"in hb)){var Db=Cb&&Cb.getItem("nh"),Eb;if(Db)try{Eb=JSON.parse(Db)}catch(a){}ib.nh=Eb}N=ib.nh;N instanceof Array||(N=[]);for(var Fb=N.length,Gb=0,Hb=0;Hb<Fb;Hb++){var Ib=N[Hb];if(Ib instanceof Array&&Ib.length==2){var Jb=Ib[1]==Ab;Bb=Bb||Jb;Fb-Hb<=10&&+Ib[0]>zb-86400&&!Jb&&(N[Gb++]=Ib)}}N.length=Gb;N.push([zb,Ab]);var Kb=N,Lb=jb;ib.nh=Kb;try{Lb&&Lb.setItem("nh",JSON.stringify(Kb))}catch(a){}yb=Bb} var Mb=yb;"onpageshow"in window?G(window,"pageshow",ub):Ra(ub);G(window,qb?"popstate":"hashchange",function(a){document.readyState!="loading"&&(a=a.state,vb=!0,M=L(a),wb.notify())});function Nb(){Ob&&(H(A("gs_alrt_l"),"click",Ob),Ob=void 0)}function Pb(){var a=Qb();q(a,"gs_anm");q(a,"gs_vis");G(document,"click",Rb);clearTimeout(Sb);Sb=setTimeout(Rb,4E3);++Tb;setTimeout(Ub,0)}function Rb(){Tb||(H(document,"click",Rb),clearTimeout(Sb),Sb=void 0,Nb(),v(Qb(),"gs_vis"))}function Qb(){return A("gs_alrt")}function Ub(){Tb=0}var Sb,Tb=0,Ob;Ra(function(){var a=A("gs_alrt_m");a&&(a.innerHTML&&!Mb&&Pb(),G(window,"pagehide",function(){Tb=0;Rb();v(Qb(),"gs_anm")}))});function Vb(a,b,c){var d=new XMLHttpRequest;d.onreadystatechange=function(){if(d.readyState==4){var e=d.status,f=d.responseText,g=d.getResponseHeader("Content-Type"),l=d.responseURL,m=window.location,k=m.protocol;m="//"+m.host+"/";l&&l.indexOf(k+m)&&l.indexOf("https:"+m)&&(e=0,g=f="");c(e,f,g||"")}};d.open(b?"POST":"GET",a,!0);d.setRequestHeader("X-Requested-With","XHR");b&&d.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");b?d.send(b):d.send();return d} function Wb(a){a&&(a.onreadystatechange=function(){},a.abort())};var Xb=function(a,b,c){this.type=a;this.currentTarget=this.target=b;this.j=c===void 0?null:c;this.W=!1};Xb.prototype.stopPropagation=function(){this.j&&this.j.stopPropagation();this.W=!0};var O=function(a){a.j&&Ua(a.j);a.W=!0};var P=function(a,b){this.X=a;this.pa=b},Yb=function(a,b,c){this.X=a;this.types=b;this.listener=c};function Zb(a,b){var c=b.length;if(c){var d=Ja(a),e=$b[d];if(!e){e=$b[d]=[];d=ac(b[0].X);for(var f in d){var g=bc[f];g||(g=bc[f]=Object.create(null));for(var l in d[f]){var m=g[l];m||(m=g[l]=[]);m.push(a)}}cc(a,e,b[0],dc);for(f=1;f<c;f++)cc(a,e,b[f],ec)}}}function Q(a,b,c){fc(new Xb(a,b,c===void 0?null:c))} function R(a,b,c){var d=gc;typeof b==="string"&&(hc[0]=b,b=hc);var e=b.length;a=ac(a);for(var f in a)for(var g in a[f])for(var l=0;l<e;l++)d(f,g,b[l],c)}function ac(a){typeof a==="string"&&(ic[0]=a,a=ic);for(var b=a.length,c=Object.create(null),d=0;d<b;d++){var e=a[d],f=e.charAt(0),g=e.substr(1);if(f!="#"&&f!="."||!g)throw Error("bad selector: "+e);(e=c[f])||(e=c[f]=Object.create(null));e[g]=!0}return c} function gc(a,b,c,d){var e=jc[c];e||(c!="touchstart"&&c!="mouseover"&&c!="mouseout"&&G(document,c,kc,c=="focus"||c=="blur"),e=jc[c]=Object.create(null));(c=e[a])||(c=e[a]=Object.create(null));(a=c[b])||(a=c[b]=new F);a.add(d)}function kc(a){var b=a.target;b&&b.nodeType==3&&(b=b.parentNode);fc(new Xb(a.type,b,a))} function fc(a){for(var b=a.target;b&&b!=document&&!b.disabled&&!w(b,"gs_dis");){a.currentTarget=b;var c=b.id;if(c&&!lc("#",c,a))break;c=b.classList||[];for(var d=c.length,e=0;e<d;e++)if(!lc(".",c[e],a))return;b=b.parentNode}}function lc(a,b,c){var d=jc[c.type];(b=(a=d&&d[a])&&a[b])&&b.notify(c);return!c.W}function cc(a,b,c,d){var e=c.X;c=c.pa;for(var f in c){var g=pa(d,a,c[f]);R(e,f,g);b.push(new Yb(e,f,g))}}function dc(a,b,c){var d=c.currentTarget;a=mc(a,d)||a;a=nc(a,d);b.call(a,c)} function ec(a,b,c){a:{for(var d=c.currentTarget;d&&d!=document;){var e=mc(a,d);if(e){a=nc(e,d);break a}d=d.parentNode}a=void 0}a&&b.call(a,c)}function nc(a,b){var c=oc(b),d=pc[c];d||(d=pc[c]=[]);for(var e=d.length,f=0;f<e;f++){var g=d[f];if(g instanceof a)return g}b=new a(b);d.push(b);a=Ja(a);(d=qc[a])||(d=qc[a]=[]);d.push(c);return b}function mc(a,b){var c,d=b.id;d&&(c=rc(a,c,"#",d));b=b.classList||[];d=b.length;for(var e=0;e<d;e++)c=rc(a,c,".",b[e]);return c} function rc(a,b,c,d){c=(d=(c=bc[c])&&c[d])?d.length:0;for(var e=0;e<c;e++){var f=d[e];!(f===a||f.prototype instanceof a)||b&&!(f===b||f.prototype instanceof b)||(b=f)}return b}function oc(a){var b=a.getAttribute("data-duid");b||a.setAttribute("data-duid",b=""+sc++);return b}var jc=Object.create(null),ic=[""],hc=[""],bc=Object.create(null),$b=Object.create(null),qc=Object.create(null),pc=Object.create(null),sc=100;window.gs_evt_dsp=kc;function tc(){var a=".gs_md_li";if(typeof a==="string"){var b=a.charAt(0),c=a.slice(1);if(b=="#")a=function(d){return d.id==c&&d.offsetWidth>0};else if(b==".")a=function(d){return w(d,c)&&d.offsetWidth>0};else throw Error("bad selector: "+a);}return a}function uc(a,b){return a&&((b===void 0?0:b)?a.lastElementChild:a.firstElementChild)}function vc(a,b){return a&&((b===void 0?0:b)?a.previousElementSibling:a.nextElementSibling)}function wc(a,b,c){c=c===void 0?!1:c;return xc(a,b,tc(),c,!1)} function xc(a,b,c,d,e){for(var f;b&&a;){if(c(b)){if(e)return b}else for(f=uc(b,d);f;f=vc(f,d))if(e=xc(f,f,c,d,!0))return e;for(e=!0;;){if(b==a)return null;f=b.parentNode;if(b=vc(b,d))break;b=f}}return null};var yc=["false","true","mixed"];var S=function(){this.G=Object.create(null)};S.prototype.clear=function(){this.G=Object.create(null)};S.prototype.has=function(a){return a in this.G};S.prototype.get=function(a){return this.G[a]};S.prototype.set=function(a,b){this.has(a);this.G[a]=b};S.prototype.delete=function(a){this.has(a)&&delete this.G[a]};var zc=function(a){var b=window,c=this;this.o=new F;this.ba=0;this.Z=[b,a,function(){c.ba++||Ta(d)},!1];var d=function(){c.ba=0;c.o.notify()}};zc.prototype.addListener=function(a){this.o.getSize()||G.apply(null,this.Z);this.o.add(a)};zc.prototype.removeListener=function(a){this.o.remove(a);this.o.getSize()||H.apply(null,this.Z)};var Ac=new zc("scroll"),Bc=new zc("resize");var Cc=new F;function Dc(){var a=document.documentElement,b=ta();b={gs_el_ph:b==1,gs_el_ta:b==2,gs_el_sm:b!=4,gs_el_tc:ua||b==1};var c;for(c in b){var d=b[c];if(w(a,c)!=d){var e=!0;x(a,c,d)}}e&&Cc.notify()}x(document.documentElement,"gs_el_ios",ra);Dc();Bc.addListener(Dc);G(window,["pageshow","load"],Dc);var Ec=function(a,b,c,d,e,f){this.g=a;this.C=b;this.A=c;this.B=d;this.V=e;this.v=f;this.m=null},Fc=function(a,b){a.m=b},Gc=function(){this.l=[];this.i=-1};Gc.prototype.push=function(a){++this.i;this.i==this.l.length?this.l.push(a):(this.l[this.i]=a,this.l.splice(this.i+1,this.l.length-this.i))};Gc.prototype.pop=function(){--this.i};var Hc=function(a){for(var b=T;b.i>a;)K(b.top().g)},Ic=function(a,b){for(var c=0;c<a.l.length&&!(a.l[c].v>=b);++c);return c};Gc.prototype.top=function(){return this.at(this.i)}; Gc.prototype.at=function(a){return this.l[a]||null};function Jc(a,b){var c=a==T.i;T.i=a;b&&!M&&!L(window.history.state)&&kb();c||Kc()}function Lc(a,b){b=b===void 0?"":b;var c=c===void 0?"":c;var d=d===void 0?"":d;var e=T.top();e&&a==e.g&&b==e.C&&c==e.A||(T.push(new Ec(a,b,c,d,e&&e.g==a?e.V+1:1,Date.now())),b=lb(),a=mb(),a=nb(a),b=ob(b),b=pb(b)||"#",M=L(a),qb?window.history.pushState(a,"",b):window.location.assign(b),Kc())} function Mc(a){a=Nc(A(a));return!!a&&w(a,"gs_md_wmw")&&w(document.documentElement,"gs_el_ph")}function Oc(){var a=A("gs_top"),b=document.documentElement;a=a.scrollHeight>b.clientHeight;for(var c=!1,d=0;d<=T.i&&!c;++d)c=!Mc(T.at(d).g);x(A("gs_md_s"),"gs_vis",c);c=T.i;c>=1&&(c=T.at(c-1).g,d=Mc(c),x(A(c),"gs_md_ins_vis",!d));b.style.overflowY=a&&!Mc(T.top().g)?"scroll":""} function Kc(){function a(){var z=c.clientHeight,t=+D.getAttribute("data-h");t||(g.style.maxHeight="none",t=f.offsetHeight);var u=f.querySelector(".gs_md_ftr");t=Math.max((z-t)/2,10);z=Math.max(z-48-(u?u.offsetHeight:0)-2*t,10);u=Mc(e);f.style.top=u?"auto":t+"px";g.style.maxHeight=u?"none":z+"px";Pc(g)}var b=T.top(),c=document.documentElement,d=A("gs_top"),e=b.g,f=A(e),g=A(e+"-bdy"),l=1200+T.i,m=A(f.getAttribute("data-cid")||f.id+"-bdy")||f,k=b.B,r=b.A,C=b.C,E=A("gs_md_s"),Z=A(e).getAttribute("data-shd")|| "",D=Nc(f),U=window.pageYOffset,Xc=C&&C[0]!="#"&&!k,Yc=T.i>0?T.at(T.i-1).g:"",la=!!I[e];Xc?(la?x(m,"gs_md_ldg",!0):Qc(f,m,'<div class="gs_md_prg">'+A("gs_md_ldg").innerHTML+"</div>",b),Q("gs-md-ldin",m)):(k&&Qc(f,m,k,b),Q("gs-md-lded",m));la&&e==Yc||cb(f,function(){(D||f).style.zIndex=l;Rc(Z);if(!la){D&&q(D,"gs_vis");q(f,"gs_vis");x(f,"gs_abt",xb);x(E,"gs_abt",xb);Sc(e);if(T.i==0){var z=Oc;Cc.add(z);z()}else Oc();D&&g&&(a(),Bc.addListener(a))}T.i==0&&(q(d,"gs_nscl"),d.style.top=-U+"px")},function(){la|| (Bc.removeListener(a),D&&v(D,"gs_vis"),v(f,"gs_vis"),v(f,"gs_abt"));for(var z=T.top()?T.top().V:0;T.top()&&T.top().g==e;){var t=T.top();Wb(t.m);t.m=null;T.pop()}if(T.top()){if(t=T.top().g,Rc(A(t).getAttribute("data-shd")||""),v(A(t),"gs_md_ins_vis"),la){a:{t=T;for(var u=t.i;u>=0;u--)if(t.l[u].g==e){t=u;break a}t=-1}u=T.at(t);(D||f).style.zIndex=1200+t;Qc(f,m,u.B,u)}}else v(E,"gs_vis"),v(E,"gs_abt");T.i==-1?(Cc.remove(Oc),c.style.overflowY="",v(d,"gs_nscl"),d.style.top="auto",window.scrollTo(0,U)): Oc();Tc||(z>0?window.history.go(-z):kb())},Uc(f),Vc(f),Yc);Xc&&(Wb(b.m),b.m=null,Fc(b,Vb(C,r,function(z,t,u){b.m=null;u=(z=z==200&&u.match(/^text\/html(;.*)?$/i))?t:Wc();Qc(f,m,u,b);if(z)for(z=e,u=0;u<T.l.length;++u){var Na=T.at(u);z==Na.g&&C==Na.C&&r==Na.A&&(Na.B=t,u==T.i&&kb())}Q("gs-md-lded",m)})))}function Nc(a){a=a.parentNode;return w(a,"gs_md_wnw")?a:null}function Uc(a){return(a=a.getAttribute("data-ifc"))?A(a):null}function Vc(a){return(a=a.getAttribute("data-cfc"))?A(a):null} function Qc(a,b,c,d){x(b,"gs_md_ldg",!1);for(var e=b.querySelectorAll("[data-duid]"),f=e.length,g={},l=0;l<f;l++){for(var m=oc(e[l]),k=pc[m],r=k?k.length:0,C=0;C<r;C++){var E=k[C],Z=Ja(E.constructor),D=g[Z];D||(D=g[Z]={});D[m]=!0;E&&typeof E.dispose=="function"&&E.dispose()}delete pc[m]}for(var U in g){U=+U;e=g[U];l=(f=qc[U])?f.length:0;for(k=m=0;k<l;k++)r=f[k],r in e||(f[m++]=r);m?f.length=m:delete qc[U]}b.innerHTML=c;d.B=c;Sc(a.id);Wb(d.m);d.m=null} function Sc(a){if(a=document.querySelector("#"+a+">.gs_md_bdy"))a.scrollTop=a.scrollLeft=0,Pc(a)}function Pc(a){var b=a.style,c="padding"+(Da(a)?"Left":"Right");b[c]="";var d=a.offsetWidth-a.clientWidth;d>2&&(a=parseInt(window.getComputedStyle(a,null)[c],10)||0,b[c]=Math.max(a-d,0)+"px")}function Zc(){return A("gs_md_err").innerHTML}function Wc(){return'<div class="gs_md_prg"><div class="gs_alrt">'+Zc()+"</div></div>"} function lb(){var a=T.top();return{d:a&&a.g||void 0,u:a&&a.C||void 0,p:a&&a.A?"1":void 0,t:a&&a.v||void 0}}function mb(){var a=T.top();return{n:a&&a.V||0,p:a&&a.A||"",h:a&&a.B||""}}function Rc(a){if($c!=a){var b=A("gs_md_s");$c&&v(b,$c);($c=a)&&q(b,a)}}var Tc=0,$c="",T=new Gc; wb.add(function(){var a=sb(),b=a.d||"",c=b?A(b):null;++Tc;if(c){var d=a.u||"";c=+a.p>0;var e=+a.t||0,f=M||L(window.history.state)||{};a=+f.n||0;var g=""+(f.p||"");f=""+(f.h||"");d.match(Ia)||(d="");for(var l=Ic(T,e),m=l;m<T.l.length;++m){var k=T.at(m);if(e<k.v&&k.g!=b)break}for(k=l-1;k>=0;--k){var r=T.at(k);if(e>r.v&&r.g!=b)break}Hc(m-1);for(m=0;m<=k;++m)r=T.at(m).g,I[r]||Jc(k,!1);if(k=l<T.l.length)k=T.at(l),k=b==k.g&&d==k.C&&c==!!k.A&&e==k.v;k?Jc(l,!0):(a==0&&(Hc(-1),T=new Gc,e=Date.now()),c!=!!g&& (d=g="",f=Wc()),b=new Ec(b,d,g,f,a,e),c=T,e=b.v,a=Ic(c,e),e=a<c.l.length&&e==c.at(a).v,c.l.splice(a,e?1:0,b),T.i=a,kb(),Kc())}else Hc(-1);--Tc});var ad=function(a){p.call(this);this.I=a;this.T=Object.create(null);this.m=null;a=a.querySelectorAll(".gs_in_txtw>input[type=text]");for(var b=a.length;b--;){var c=a[b],d=c.parentNode.querySelector(".gs_in_txts");c=c.name;d&&c&&(this.T[c]=d.innerHTML)}};ma(ad,p);ad.prototype.O=function(){Wb(this.m);this.I=this.m=null;p.prototype.O.call(this)}; ad.prototype.la=function(a){var b=this;O(a);if((a=this.I)&&!this.m){var c="json=&"+Ea(a);bd(this,!0);this.m=Vb(a.action,c,function(d,e){b.m=null;bd(b,!1);var f=b.I,g=f.getAttribute("data-alrt");if(g=g?A(g):null)g.innerHTML="";try{var l=d==200&&JSON.parse(e)}catch(D){}d=!1;l&&typeof l=="object"||(cd(g,Zc()),l={},d=!0);f.setAttribute("data-p",""+(l.P||""));Q("gs-ajax-form-done",f);if(e=l.L)Fa(""+e);else{if(e=l.M)cd(g,e),d=!0;e=1E6;if(g&&g.innerHTML){var m=g;e=g.getBoundingClientRect().top}g=f.elements; l=l.E;typeof l=="object"||(l=Object.create(null));for(var k in b.T){var r=g[k],C=void 0,E=""+(l[k]||""),Z=r.parentNode.querySelector(".gs_in_txts");x(r.parentNode,"gs_in_txte",!!E);Z&&(Z.innerHTML=E||b.T[k]||"");E&&(C=r.getBoundingClientRect().top)<e&&(m=r,e=C);d=d||!!E}(f=f.getAttribute("data-d"))&&!d&&K(f);m&&m.scrollIntoView&&(e<0||e+20>window.innerHeight)&&m.scrollIntoView()}})}}; var bd=function(a,b){a=a.I;var c=a.getAttribute("data-bsel");a=c?document.querySelectorAll(c):a.querySelectorAll("button");for(c=a.length;c--;){var d=a[c];d.disabled=b;x(d,"gs_bsp",b)}},cd=function(a,b){if(a)a.innerHTML=b;else{var c=c===void 0?"":c;var d=d===void 0?"":d;var e=e===void 0?[]:e;A("gs_alrt_m").innerHTML=b;Qb().action=d.match(Ga)?d:"";a=A("gs_alrt_l");a.textContent=c;c=A("gs_alrt_h");c.innerHTML="";for(var f in e)b=document.createElement(za.Y),b.type="hidden",b.name=f,b.value=e[f],c.appendChild(b); Nb();x(a,"gs_fm_s",!0);Pb()}};Zb(ad,[new P(".gs_ajax_frm",{submit:ad.prototype.la})]);var dd=[[1,0,1],[2,0,1]];R(".gs_cb_gen","click",function(a){var b=a.currentTarget,c=(w(b,"gs_sel")?1:0)+2*(w(b,"gs_par")?1:0),d=+b.getAttribute("data-s")==2;c=dd[+d][c];d=!0;d=d===void 0?!1:d;x(b,"gs_sel",c==1);x(b,"gs_par",c==2);b.setAttribute("aria-checked",yc[c]);d||b.setAttribute("data-s",""+c);Q("gs-change",b,a.j)});R(".gs_cb_gen",["keydown","keyup"],function(a){var b=a.currentTarget,c=a.j.keyCode;b.tagName!="BUTTON"||c!=13&&c!=32||(O(a),a.type=="keydown"&&b.click())});R([".gs_cb_gen",".gs_md_li"],"keydown",function(a){var b=a.currentTarget,c=b.tagName,d=a.j.keyCode;c!="BUTTON"&&(d==32||d==13&&c!="A")&&(O(a),b.click())});var ed=["click","contextmenu","mouseup"].concat(navigator.sendBeacon?[]:["mousedown","touchstart"]),fd="",gd=null;function hd(){gd=null}function id(a){navigator.sendBeacon?navigator.sendBeacon(a):gd&&a==gd.src||((gd=new Image).src=a,setTimeout(hd,1E3))} function jd(){var a=document.location.href,b=a.indexOf("?")+1;a=b?a.substr(b):"";b=a.indexOf("#");a=rb(b+1?a.substr(0,b):a).hl||"";a="/scholar_bfnav?url="+encodeURIComponent(document.location.href)+"&hl="+encodeURIComponent(a)+"&ei="+GSP.eventId;id(a)}Ra(function(){fd=Mb?"&bn=1":"";Mb&&jd()});G(window,"pageshow",function(a){a.persisted&&(fd="&bn=1",jd())}); G(document,ed,function(a){if(!(a.type=="click"&&a.button||a.type=="mouseup"&&a.button!=1)){var b,c;a:{for(a=a.target;a;){var d=a.nodeName;if(d=="A")break a;if(d=="SPAN"||d=="B"||d=="I"||d=="EM"||d=="IMG")a=a.parentNode;else break}a=null}a&&(b=a.getAttribute("href"))&&(c=a.getAttribute("data-clk"))&&(b="/scholar_url?url="+encodeURIComponent(b)+"&"+c+"&ws="+window.innerWidth+"x"+window.innerHeight+"&at=",c=encodeURIComponent,a=(a=a.getAttribute("data-clk-atid"))?A(a):null,b=b+c(a&&a.innerText||"")+ fd,id(b))}},!1,!0);R(".gs_fm_s","click",function(a){a=a.currentTarget.getAttribute("data-fm")||"";(a=A(a))&&a.submit()});var V=function(a){this.g=Ba(a.querySelector(".gs_md_d"));this.N=Ba(a.querySelector(".gs_md_tb"))};V.prototype.R=function(a){var b=A(this.g);return a!==void 0?wc(b,b,a):null};V.prototype.open=function(a){a=this.R(a);if(w(A(this.N),"gs_sel"))try{a&&a.focus()}catch(c){}else{var b=A(this.N);bb(this.g,function(){q(b,"gs_sel")},function(){v(b,"gs_sel")},a,b)}};V.prototype.close=function(){K(this.g)};V.prototype.ea=function(a){O(a);w(A(this.N),"gs_sel")?this.close():this.open(a.j.type=="keydown"?!1:void 0)}; V.prototype.aa=function(a){var b=a.j.keyCode;if(b==38||b==40)O(a),this.open(b==38)};V.prototype.ga=function(a){a.target.id==this.g&&this.aa(a)};Zb(V,[new P(".gs_md_rmb",{}),new P(".gs_md_tb",{"gs-press":V.prototype.ea,keydown:V.prototype.aa}),new P(".gs_md_d",{keydown:V.prototype.ga})]);var kd=function(a){V.call(this,a);this.na=Ba(a.querySelector(".gs_md_in"));this.oa=Ba(a.querySelector(".gs_md_tb .gs_lbl"))};ma(kd,V);kd.prototype.R=function(){return A(this.g).querySelector(".gs_md_li[aria-selected]")};kd.prototype.ha=function(a){ld(this,a)};kd.prototype.S=function(a){var b=a.j.keyCode;b!=13&&b!=32||ld(this,a)}; var ld=function(a,b){var c=b.currentTarget,d=A(a.na),e=a.R();c!=e&&(d.value=c.getAttribute("data-v"),A(a.oa).innerHTML=c.innerHTML,e&&md(e,!1),md(c,!0));O(b);a.close();Q("gs-change",d,b.j)},md=function(a,b){x(a,"gs_sel",b);b?a.setAttribute("aria-selected","true"):a.removeAttribute("aria-selected")};Zb(kd,[new P(".gs_md_ris",{}),new P(".gs_md_li",{click:kd.prototype.ha,keydown:kd.prototype.S})]);R("#gs_lp","click",function(a){O(a);Lc("gs_lp_d")});R("#gs_lp_cur","click",function(a){O(a);K("gs_lp_d")});var nd=function(a){this.ca=Ba(a)};nd.prototype.S=function(a){var b=a.currentTarget,c=a.j.keyCode;if(c==38||c==40){var d=A(this.ca);d=wc(d,b,c==38)||wc(d,d,c==38)}else if(c==37||c==39)a:{c=c==37!=Da(b.parentNode);d=b.parentNode;var e=d.children,f=e.length;if(d.id!=this.ca){for(;e[--f]!=b;);d=vc(d,c)||uc(d.parentNode,c);e=d.children;if(f=Math.min(f+1,e.length))if(d=e[f-1],w(d,"gs_md_li")&&d.offsetLeft!=b.offsetLeft)break a}d=void 0}d&&(O(a),d.focus())}; Zb(nd,[new P(".gs_md_ulr",{}),new P(".gs_md_li",{keydown:nd.prototype.S})]);R("#gs_hdr_mnu","click",function(a){O(a);Lc("gs_hdr_drw")});R("#gs_hdr_drw_mnu","click",function(a){O(a);K("gs_hdr_drw")});R("#gs_hdr_act_i","click",function(a){O(a);ta()==1?Fa(document.querySelector("#gs_hdr_drw_bot>a").href):bb("gs_hdr_act_d")});R("#gs_hdr_drw","keydown",function(a){var b=a.j.keyCode;if(b==38||b==40){var c=a.currentTarget;if(b=wc(c,c,b==38))O(a),b.focus()}}); R("#gs_hdr_tsi",["focus","blur"],function(a){function b(){var g=d.getBoundingClientRect().top-10;Math.abs(g)>10&&window.scrollBy(0,g);clearTimeout(e);c()}function c(){H(window,f,b)}var d=a.target;a=a.type=="focus";x(A("gs_hdr"),"gs_hdr_ifc",a);if(a&&ua&&!(window.innerHeight>749)){var e=setTimeout(c,1E3),f=["scroll","resize"];G(window,f,b)}});R("#gs_hdr_tsi",["input","gs-change"],function(a){x(A("gs_hdr_frm"),"gs_hdr_tsc",!!a.currentTarget.value)}); R("#gs_hdr_tsc","mousedown",function(a){O(a);var b=A("gs_hdr_tsi");b.value="";b.focus();Q("input",b,a.j)});R("#gs_hdr_sre","click",function(a){O(a);var b=A("gs_hdr");bb("gs_hdr_frm",function(){v(b,"gs_hdr_src");q(b,"gs_hdr_srx")},function(){q(b,"gs_hdr_src");v(b,"gs_hdr_srx")},A("gs_hdr_tsi"))});R(".gs_md_x","click",function(a){(a=a.currentTarget.getAttribute("data-mdx"))&&K(a)});var W=function(){},od,pd;W.prototype.fa=function(a){a.j.button||(O(a),qd(a))};W.prototype.ia=function(a){rd(a)&&(O(a),qd(a))};W.prototype.ja=function(a){rd(a)&&O(a)};W.prototype.ka=function(a){if(!a.j.button){O(a);var b=a.j;b&&(sd=b.clientX||0,td=b.clientY||0,G(document,ud,vd,!0),clearTimeout(od),od=setTimeout(wd,2E3));qd(a)}}; W.prototype.ma=function(a){O(a);if(xd){var b=a.j;b=b&&b.touches||[];if(b=b.length==1?b[0]:null)yd=b.clientX,zd=b.clientY,G(document,Ad,Bd,!0),clearTimeout(pd),pd=setTimeout(Cd,2E3)}qd(a)}; var rd=function(a){a=a.j.keyCode;return a==32||a==13},qd=function(a){Q("gs-press",a.currentTarget,a.j)},wd=function(){H(document,ud,vd,!0);clearTimeout(od);od=void 0},vd=function(a){a.type!="mousedown"&&Math.abs(a.clientX-sd)<10&&Math.abs(a.clientY-td)<10?(Ua(a),a.type=="click"&&wd()):wd()},Cd=function(){H(document,Ad,Bd,!0);clearTimeout(pd);pd=void 0},Bd=function(a){a.type!="touchstart"&&Math.abs(a.clientX-yd)<10&&Math.abs(a.clientY-zd)<10?(Ua(a),a.type=="click"&&Cd()):Cd()},sd=0,td=0,ud=["mousedown", "mouseup","click"],xd=y("Android")&&!y("Chrome"),yd=0,zd=0,Ad=["touchstart","mousedown","mouseup","click"];Zb(W,[new P(".gs_press",{click:W.prototype.fa,keydown:W.prototype.ia,keyup:W.prototype.ja,mousedown:W.prototype.ka,touchstart:W.prototype.ma})]);function Dd(a){Ed.style.left=Fd&&Gd===Hd?a.left+"px":"auto";Ed.style.width=Fd?a.width+"px":"auto";Q("gs-sth-change",A("gs_sth"))}function Id(){var a=Jd.getBoundingClientRect(),b=a.top,c=Ed.offsetHeight,d=b<0,e;if(e=d&&ra)e=document.activeElement,e=!!e&&e.tagName=="INPUT"&&e.type=="text";b=e?-b-a.height:Hd;var f=Fd!=d||Gd!==Hd!=e;b!==Gd&&(Gd=b,Ed.style.transform=b===Hd?"none":"translate3d(0,"+b+"px,0)");f&&(Fd=d,x(Kd,"gs_sth_vis",d),x(Kd,"gs_sth_trk",e),Dd(a),Jd.style.height=Fd?c+"px":"auto")} function Ld(){Fd&&Dd(Jd.getBoundingClientRect())}var Hd,Kd,Jd,Ed,Fd=!1,Gd;Ra(function(){if(Kd=A("gs_sth"))Jd=Kd.querySelector(".gs_sth_g"),Ed=Kd.querySelector(".gs_sth_b"),Ac.addListener(Id),Bc.addListener(Ld),Id()});(function(a){Ra(function(){return setTimeout(a,0)})})(function(){var a=document.querySelectorAll(".gs_invis");var b=typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&Symbol.iterator&&a[Symbol.iterator];if(b)a=b.call(a);else if(typeof a.length=="number")a={next:aa(a)};else throw Error(String(a)+" is not an iterable or ArrayLike");for(b=a.next();!b.done;b=a.next())v(b.value,"gs_invis")});var Md="";function Nd(a){var b=A("gsc_upl_sel_file");b.disabled=a;x(b,"gs_bsp",a)}function X(a){Nd(!1);var b=Zc();a==2?b=A("gsc_upl_err_msg").innerHTML:a==0&&(b="");A("gsc_upl_error").innerHTML=b}var Od=!1;function Pd(){Q("gs-gapi-ready",A("gs_bdy"));gapi.client.setApiKey("AIzaSyAFWSabpDNcN67dqNp58fpvfMpVrgIXN4o");gapi.config.update("googleapis.config/auth/useFirstPartyAuth",!0);gapi.config.update("googleapis.config/auth/useFirstPartyAuthV2",!0);Od=!0}function Qd(){gapi.load("client",Pd)} function Rd(){if(!Od&&window.FileReader&&window.location.href.indexOf("https")==0&&!A("gs_gapi_script")){var a=document.createElement(Aa.Y);a.id="gs_gapi_script";a.src="https://apis.google.com/js/api.js";a.onload=Qd;document.body.appendChild(a)}}function Sd(){return A("gsc_upl_form")}function Td(a,b){gapi.client.request({path:"/drive/v3/files/"+a,method:"DELETE"}).then(function(){b()},function(){b()})} function Ud(a,b,c,d){var e;try{a==200&&(e=JSON.parse(b))}catch(f){}oa(e)||(e={E:a});e.E||e.L||e.M?Td(c,function(){e.L?Fa(""+e.L):X(1)}):d()}var Y="",Vd=!1; function Wd(a){gapi.client.request({path:"/drive/v3/files/"+Y,method:"PATCH",params:{fields:"trashed,permissions(type,allowFileDiscovery,role)"},body:JSON.stringify({mimeType:"application/vnd.google-apps.folder",name:"Public research articles",trashed:!1})}).then(function(b){var c=!1;b=b.result.permissions;for(var d=0;d<b.length;d++)if(b[d].type=="anyone"&&b[d].role=="reader"&&b[d].allowFileDiscovery){c=!0;break}c?(Vd=!0,a()):Xd(a)},function(b){b.result.error.code==404?Yd(a):X(1)})} function Xd(a,b){b=b===void 0?!1:b;gapi.client.request({path:"/drive/v3/files/"+Y+"/permissions",method:"POST",body:{role:"reader",type:"anyone",allowFileDiscovery:!0}}).then(function(){Vd=!0;a()},function(c){c.status==403&&c.result.error.errors[0].reason=="insufficientFilePermissions"?(c=function(){X(2)},b?Td(Y,c):c()):X(1)})} function Zd(a,b){b=b===void 0?"":b;gapi.client.request({path:"/drive/v3/files/generateIds",params:{count:1}}).then(function(c){var d=c.result.ids[0];c=Sd().getAttribute("data-href")+"&update_op=edit_drive";d="profile_folder="+d+"&xsrf="+Md;b&&(d=d+"&old_folder="+b);Vb(c,d,function(e,f){var g;try{e==200&&(g=JSON.parse(f))}catch(l){}oa(g)||(g={E:e});g.L?Fa(""+g.L):g.E||g.M||!g.F?X(1):(Y=""+g.F,a())})},function(){X(1)})} function Yd(a,b){b=b===void 0?"":b;Y?gapi.client.request({path:"/drive/v3/files",method:"POST",body:{id:Y,name:"Public research articles",mimeType:"application/vnd.google-apps.folder"}}).then(function(){Xd(a,!0)},function(c){c=c.result.error;var d=c.code;d==409?Wd(a):d==400&&c.errors[0].reason=="fileIdNotUsable"?(c=Y,Y="",Yd(a,c)):X(1)}):Zd(function(){Yd(a)},b)} function $d(a,b){if(Y)if(Vd){var c=ae(a,b);c?c.then(function(d){var e=d.result.id;d="drive_file="+e+"&xsrf="+Md+"&s="+Sd().getAttribute("data-cid");var f=Sd().getAttribute("data-href")+"&update_op=upload_citation";Vb(f,d,function(g,l){Ud(g,l,e,function(){Nd(!1);Q("gs-upload-success",A("gs_bdy"))})})},function(){X(1)}):X(1)}else Wd(function(){$d(a,b)});else Yd(function(){$d(a,b)})} function ae(a,b){if(!Y)return null;a="\r\n---------314159265358979323846\r\nContent-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-8\r\n\r\n"+JSON.stringify({name:a,mimeType:"application/pdf",parents:[Y]})+"\r\n---------314159265358979323846\r\nContent-Type: application/pdf\r\nContent-Transfer-Encoding: base64\r\n\r\n"+b+"\r\n---------314159265358979323846--";return gapi.client.request({path:"/upload/drive/v3/files",method:"POST",params:{uploadType:"multipart",fields:"id,trashed,mimeType,parents(*),permissions(type,allowFileDiscovery,role)"}, headers:{"Content-Type":'multipart/related; boundary="-------314159265358979323846"'},body:a})};new S;new S;var be=/^\d{4}(\/\d{1,2}(\/\d{1,2})?)?$/,ce="",de="";function ee(){return A("gsc_md_mndt_btn_dn")}function fe(){return A("gsc_md_mndt_form")}function ge(){return A("gsc_md_mndt_rec_date")}function he(){var a=ge(),b=a.value.match(be);x(a.parentNode,"gs_in_txte",!b);ee().disabled=!b||ce==a.value}function ie(){for(var a=";",b=fe().querySelectorAll('input[name="gsc_md_mndt_res_auth"]:checked'),c=0;c<b.length;c++)a+=b[c].value+";";return a}function je(){ee().disabled=de==ie()} function ke(){return fe().querySelector('input[name="gsc_md_mndt_excuse"]:checked')}function le(){K("gsc_md_mndt-d")}function me(){var a=A("gsc_mnd_prln_f");if(a){var b=A("gsc_md_mndt_mor_m");b=b&&b.checked;var c="save_mandate_link";b&&(c="merge_with_mandated_article");c=a.getAttribute("data-href")+"&update_op="+c;a.action=c.match(Ga)?c:"";a=b||!!A("gsc_md_gvln").value;A("gsc_md_prln_submit").disabled=!a}};function ne(a){O(a);var b=a.currentTarget.getAttribute("data-href"),c=A("gsc_md_mndt-d");x(c,"gsc_md_mndt_view_upl",w(a.currentTarget,"gsc_mnd_btn_upl"));x(c,"gsc_md_mndt_view_prln",w(a.currentTarget,"gsc_mnd_btn_prln"));x(c,"gsc_md_mndt_view_upln",w(a.currentTarget,"gsc_mnd_btn_upln"));x(c,"gsc_md_mndt_view_fxln",w(a.currentTarget,"gsc_mnd_btn_fxln"));v(A("gsc_md_mndt-l"),"gsc_md_mndt_mod");Lc("gsc_md_mndt-d",b)}Ra(function(){A("gsc_ccl").getAttribute("data-url")&&Rd()}); R(".gsc_mnd_art_rvw","click",ne);R(".gsc_mnd_btn_upl","click",ne);R(".gsc_mnd_btn_prln","click",ne);R(".gsc_mnd_btn_upln","click",ne);R(".gsc_mnd_btn_fxln","click",ne);R("#gs_bdy","gs-gapi-ready",function(){for(var a=document.getElementsByClassName("gsc_mnd_btn_upl"),b=0;b<a.length;b++)a[b].disabled=!1});R("#gs_bdy","gs-upload-success",function(){var a=A("gsc_ccl").getAttribute("data-url");a&&window.location.assign(a+"&upl_scc=1")}); R("#gsc_md_mndt_btn_upl","click",function(){q(A("gsc_md_mndt-d"),"gsc_md_mndt_view_upl")});R("#gsc_md_mndt_btn_rec","click",function(){q(A("gsc_md_mndt-l"),"gsc_md_mndt_mod");ee().disabled=!0;var a=ke();a&&(a.checked=!1)});R("#gsc_md_mndt_btn_cnl","click",function(){v(A("gsc_md_mndt-l"),"gsc_md_mndt_mod")});R("#gsc_md_mndt_btn_close","click",le);R("#gsc_md_prln_cncl","click",le);R("#gsc_md_gvln","input",me); R("#gsc_md_mndt_btn_dn","click",function(){var a=A("gsc_md_mndt_frm_h"),b=a.elements.xsrf.value,c=a.elements.s.value;a.innerHTML="";B(a,"xsrf").value=b;B(a,"s").value=c;B(a,"continue").value=A("gsc_ccl").getAttribute("data-url");B(a,"rejectedagencies").value=",";B(a,"authors").value=";";b=(b=ke())&&b.value;if(b=="notmine")b="trash_citations";else if(b=="funders")b="edit_citation_fields",B(a,"rejectedagencies").value=a.getAttribute("data-agencies");else if(b=="date")b="edit_citation_fields",B(a,"pubdate").value= ge().value;else if(b=="notme")b="edit_citation_fields",B(a,"authors").value=ie();else return;b=a.getAttribute("data-href")+"&update_op="+b;a.action=b.match(Ga)?b:"";a.submit()});R("#gsc_md_mndt_form","change",function(a){a=a.target;if(a.tagName=="INPUT"&&a.type=="radio"){a=a.value;var b=fe();a=="notmine"||a=="funders"?(ee().disabled=!1,b.removeAttribute("data-sel")):a=="date"?(ce||(ce=ge().value),b.setAttribute("data-sel",a),he()):a=="notme"&&(de||(de=ie()),je(),b.setAttribute("data-sel",a))}}); R("#gsc_mnd_prln_f","change",me);R("#gsc_md_mndt-d","gs-md-lded",me);R("#gsc_md_mndt_rec_date","input",he);R("#gsc_md_mndt_res","change",je);R("#gsc_upl_sel_file","click",function(){Od&&(Md||(Md=Sd().getAttribute("data-xsrf"),Y=Sd().getAttribute("data-fid")),A("gsc_upl_input").click())}); R("#gsc_upl_input","change",function(a){a=a.target;if(a.files.length!=0){X(0);Nd(!0);var b=a.files[0],c=new FileReader;c.onload=function(){var d="";if(c.readAsBinaryString)d=c.result;else for(var e=new Uint8Array(c.result),f=e.byteLength,g=0;g<f;g++)d+=String.fromCharCode(e[g]);$d(b.name,btoa(d))};c.readAsBinaryString?c.readAsBinaryString(b):c.readAsArrayBuffer&&c.readAsArrayBuffer(b)}});R("#gsc_upl_input","click",function(a){a.currentTarget.value=null});R("#gsc_bdy","gs-want-gapi",Rd); }({"customAC":0,"eventId":"avVBZ-e0LKaIy9YPj4bQgAQ"});</script></head><body><div id="gs_top" onclick=""><style>#gs_md_s,.gs_md_wnw{z-index:1200;position:fixed;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;visibility:hidden;}.gs_md_ds:before{content:'';position:absolute;background-color:#fff;z-index:100;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;top:0;bottom:0;right:0;left:0;}.gs_md_ds.gs_md_d:not(.gs_el_ph .gs_md_wmw):before{top:-1px;bottom:-1px;right:-1px;left:-1px;}#gs_md_s{background-color:#fff;opacity:0;}.gs_el_ta #gs_md_s,.gs_el_ph #gs_md_s,.gs_el_ta .gs_md_ds:before,.gs_el_ph .gs_md_ds:before{background-color:#666;}#gs_md_s.gs_vis,.gs_md_ds.gs_md_ins_vis:before{opacity:.5;visibility:visible;}.gs_md_wnw{transition:all 0s .218s;}.gs_md_wnw.gs_vis{visibility:visible;transition:all 0s;}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_ds:before{transition:opacity .15s,visibility 0s .15s;}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_ds.gs_md_ins_vis:before{transition:opacity .218s,visibility 0s;}.gs_md_wnw>.gs_md_d{position:relative;margin:0 auto;width:464px;box-shadow:2px 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.2);white-space:normal;}.gs_el_ta .gs_md_wnw>.gs_md_d,.gs_el_ph .gs_md_wnw>.gs_md_d{box-shadow:2px 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.65);}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_wnw>.gs_md_d{width:80%;max-width:440px;}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_wmw>.gs_md_d{display:flex;flex-direction:column;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;border:none;box-shadow:none;transform:translate(0,100%);transform:translate(0,100vh);transition:transform .27s cubic-bezier(.4,0,.6,1),opacity 0s .27s,visibility 0s .27s,max-height 0s .27s;}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_wmw>.gs_md_d.gs_vis{transform:translate(0,0);transition:transform .3s cubic-bezier(0,0,.2,1);}.gs_md_wmw>.gs_md_d.gs_abt,.gs_el_ph .gs_md_wmw>.gs_md_d.gs_abt{transition:none;}.gs_md_hdr{display:flex;align-items:center;height:47px;border-bottom:1px solid #e0e0e0;border-bottom-color:rgba(0,0,0,.12);background-color:#f5f5f5;}.gs_md_hdr>a,.gs_md_hdr>a.gs_btn_lrge{flex:0 0 auto;width:41px;height:47px;}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_hdr>a{margin:0 2px 0 0;}.gs_el_ph a.gs_md_hdr_c{margin:0 0 0 2px;}.gs_md_hdr_b{margin:0 41px 0 16px;}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_hdr_b{margin:0 16px;}.gs_md_hdr_t:empty~.gs_md_hdr_b{margin-left:0;}.gs_md_hdr_b:empty{width:41px;margin:0;}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_hdr_b:empty{margin-right:2px;}.gs_md_hdr_b:empty:not(:last-child){display:none;}.gs_md_hdr_b>button{min-width:51px;height:33px;}.gs_md_hdr_t{flex:1 1 auto;font-size:18px;font-weight:normal;color:#666;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;}.gs_md_bdy{position:relative;overflow-y:auto;box-sizing:border-box;padding:24px 41px 0 41px;}.gs_md_bdy:after{display:block;content:"";clear:both;padding-bottom:24px;}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_bdy{padding:16px 16px 0 16px;}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_bdy:after{padding-bottom:16px;}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_wmw .gs_md_bdy{flex:1;}.gs_md_ftr{border-top:1px solid #e0e0e0;}.gs_md_lbl{display:block;font-size:16px;margin:0 0 16px 0;word-wrap:break-word;}.gs_md_btns{margin:24px 0 0 0;white-space:nowrap;}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_btns{margin:16px 0 0 0;}.gs_md_btns button{margin-right:16px;}.gs_md_btns button:last-child{margin-right:0;}.gs_md_prg{margin:24px 0;text-align:center;}.gs_md_prg .gs_alrt{padding:4px 16px;}.gs_md_ldg:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;background-color:#fff;opacity:.5;z-index:100;}</style><div id="gs_md_ldg" style="display:none">Loading...</div><div id="gs_md_err" style="display:none">The system can't perform the operation now. Try again later.</div><div id="gs_md_s"></div><div data-h="800" class="gs_md_wnw gs_md_ds gs_md_wmw"><div id="gsc_md_mndt-d" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_ttzi" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="gsc_md_mndt-d-t" data-cid="gsc_md_mndt-l" data-wfc="gsc_md_mndt-d-x"><div class="gs_md_hdr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gsc_md_mndt-d-x" role="button" aria-label="Cancel" data-mdx="gsc_md_mndt-d" class="gs_btnCLS gs_md_x gs_md_hdr_c gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><h2 id="gsc_md_mndt-d-t" class="gs_md_hdr_t"><span id="gsc_md_mndt_title_upload">Upload</span><span id="gsc_md_mndt_title_mandates">Mandates</span><span id="gsc_md_mndt_title_prln">Provide link</span><span id="gsc_md_mndt_title_upln">Update link</span><span id="gsc_md_mndt_title_fxln">Fix link</span></h2><div class="gs_md_hdr_b"></div></div><div id="gsc_md_mndt-d-bdy" class="gs_md_bdy"><div id="gsc_md_mndt-l" aria-live="assertive"></div></div></div></div><!--[if lte IE 9]><div class="gs_alrt" style="padding:16px"><div>Sorry, some features may not work in this version of Internet Explorer.</div><div>Please use <a href="//www.google.co.uk/chrome/">Google Chrome</a> or <a href="//www.mozilla.com/firefox/">Mozilla Firefox</a> for the best experience.</div></div><![endif]--><div id="gs_hdr_drw" class="gs_md_ulr gs_md_ds" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" data-shd="gs_hdr_drs" data-wfc="gs_hdr_drw_mnu" data-cfc="gs_hdr_mnu"><div id="gs_hdr_drw_in"><div id="gs_hdr_drw_top"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gs_hdr_drw_mnu" role="button" aria-controls="gs_hdr_drw" aria-label="Options" class="gs_btnMNT gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><a id="gs_hdr_drw_lgo" href="/schhp?hl=en" aria-label="Homepage"></a></div><div><div class="gs_hdr_drw_sec"><a href="/citations?hl=en" role="menuitem" class="gs_btnPRO gs_in_ib gs_md_li gs_md_lix gs_in_gray"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl">My profile</span></a><a href="/scholar?scilib=1&hl=en" role="menuitem" class="gs_btnL gs_in_ib gs_md_li gs_md_lix gs_in_gray"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl">My library</span></a><a href="/citations?view_op=metrics_intro&hl=en" role="menuitem" class="gs_btnJ gs_in_ib gs_md_li gs_md_lix gs_in_gray"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl">Metrics</span></a><a href="/scholar_alerts?view_op=list_alerts&hl=en" role="menuitem" class="gs_btnM gs_in_ib gs_md_li gs_md_lix gs_in_gray"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl">Alerts</span></a></div><div class="gs_hdr_drw_sec"><a href="/scholar_settings?hl=en" role="menuitem" class="gs_btnP gs_in_ib gs_md_li gs_md_lix gs_in_gray"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl">Settings</span></a></div></div><div id="gs_hdr_drw_bot" class="gs_hdr_drw_sec"><a href="https://accounts.google.com/Login?hl=en&continue=https://scholar.google.co.uk/schhp%3Fhl%3Den" class=" gs_in_ib gs_md_li gs_md_lix gs_in_gray"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl">Sign in</span></a></div></div></div><div id="gs_hdr" role="banner"><a href="/citations?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&cstart=140" id="gs_hdr_bck" role="button" class="gs_btnALT gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><div id="gs_hdr_md"><h1 dir="ltr">Public access</h1></div><div id="gs_hdr_act"><a id="gs_hdr_act_s" href="https://accounts.google.com/Login?hl=en&continue=https://scholar.google.co.uk/schhp%3Fhl%3Den">Sign in</a></div></div><style>#gs_alrt{position:fixed;bottom:48px;left:16px;max-width:384px;z-index:1250;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;font-size:13px;line-height:16px;color:#e2e2e2;background:#333;text-align:left;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:0 3px 5px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 6px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 18px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12);visibility:hidden;transform-origin:center;transform:scale(0.8,0.8) translate(0,100%);}.gs_el_ph #gs_alrt{bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;max-width:none;border-radius:0;box-shadow:none;transform:scale(1,1) translate(0,100%);}#gs_alrt.gs_vis{visibility:visible;transform:scale(1,1) translate(0,0);}#gs_alrt.gs_anm{transition:transform .067s cubic-bezier(.4,0,1,1),visibility 0s .067s;}#gs_alrt.gs_vis.gs_anm{transition:transform .067s cubic-bezier(0,0,.2,1);}.gs_el_ph #gs_alrt.gs_anm{transition:transform .084s cubic-bezier(.4,0,1,1),visibility 0s .084s;}.gs_el_ph #gs_alrt.gs_vis.gs_anm{transition:transform .1s cubic-bezier(0,0,.2,1);}#gs_alrt_m{display:block;padding:16px;}#gs_alrt_l{display:block;padding:8px;margin:0 8px 0 -8px;border-radius:3px;color:#fcc934;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none;}#gs_alrt_l:hover{background-color:rgba(255,255,255,.05)}#gs_alrt_l:active{background-color:rgba(255,255,255,.1)}#gs_alrt_l:empty{display:none}#gs_alrt_m a{padding:8px 0;color:#e2e2e2;text-decoration:underline;}#gs_alrt_m a:active{color:#f6aea9}</style><form action="" method="post" id="gs_alrt"><span id="gs_alrt_m"></span><span id="gs_alrt_h"></span><a id="gs_alrt_l" href="javascript:void(0)" class="gs_fm_s" data-fm="gs_alrt"></a></form><div id="gs_bdy"><div id="gs_bdy_sb" role="navigation"><div id="gs_bdy_sb_in"><div id="gsc_sb_ui" class="gs_bdy_sb_sec"><a href="/citations?user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&hl=en" class="gs_ibl"><span class="gs_rimg gs_pp_sm"><img alt="Karsten Meyer" sizes="56px" src="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&citpid=2" srcset="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&citpid=2 56w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=view_photo&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&citpid=2 128w" width="56" height="56"></span></a><div><a href="/citations?user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&hl=en">Karsten Meyer</a></div></div><div id="gsc_sb_lmps" class="gs_bdy_sb_sec"><ul><li class="gs_ind gs_bdy_sb_sel"><a href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&cstart=140&view_op=list_mandates">Sort by citations</a></li><li class="gs_ind"><a href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&cstart=140&view_op=list_mandates&sortby=pubdate">Sort by date</a></li></ul></div><div id="gsc_sb_lmps" class="gs_bdy_sb_sec gsc_mnd_lmps_trm"><ul><li class="gs_ind gs_bdy_sb_sel"><a href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates">Overall</a></li><li class="gs_ind"><a href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=59">DFG</a></li><li class="gs_ind"><a href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=153">BMBF</a></li><li class="gs_ind"><a href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=138">European Commission</a></li><li class="gs_ind"><a href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=5">DOE</a></li><li class="gs_ind"><a href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=0">NSF</a></li><li class="gs_ind"><a href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=7">SNSF</a></li><li class="gs_ind"><a href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=16">NIH</a></li><li class="gs_ind"><a href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=66">DFF</a></li><li class="gs_ind"><a href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=115">EPSRC</a></li><li class="gs_ind"><a href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=57">CAS</a></li><li class="gs_ind"><a href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=148">ANR</a></li><li class="gs_ind"><a href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=150">Government of Spain</a></li><li class="gs_ind"><a href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=225">Carlsberg Foundation DK</a></li><li class="gs_ind"><a href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=46">FWO</a></li><li class="gs_ind"><a href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=49">CIHR</a></li><li class="gs_ind"><a href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=54">NSERC</a></li><li class="gs_ind"><a href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=58">NSFC</a></li><li class="gs_ind"><a href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=80">SFI</a></li><li class="gs_ind"><a href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=137">ARRS</a></li><li class="gs_ind"><a href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=140">MESTD</a></li><li class="gs_ind"><a href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=144">IRC</a></li><li class="gs_ind"><a href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=168">Government of Italy</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="gs_bdy_ccl" role="main"><div id="gsc_ccl" class="gsc_md_ccl" data-url=""><div class="gsc_mnd_title"><div><span class="gsc_mnd_ma">Articles with public access mandates<span class="gs_oph gs_ota"> - Karsten Meyer</span></span><a href="/intl/en/scholar/citations.html?1#publicaccess" id="gsc_mnd_lm">Learn more</a></div><div class="gsc_lmp_ex gs_nph gs_nta"><button type="button" onclick="window.location='/citations?view_op\x3dlist_mandates_page_export\x26hl\x3den\x26user\x3dEJcfhbsAAAAJ'" class="gs_btnDWL gs_in_ib gs_btn_flat gs_btn_lsu"><span class="gs_wr"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_lbl" id="gsc_mnd_btn_lb">Export</span></span></button></div></div><div id="gsc_mnd_tlbr" class="gs_oph gs_ota"><div id="gsc_mnd_dd_agn-s"><div id="gsc_mnd_dd_agn-r" class="gs_md_r gs_md_rmb gs_md_rmbl"><button type="button" id="gsc_mnd_dd_agn-b" aria-controls="gsc_mnd_dd_agn-d" aria-haspopup="true" ontouchstart="gs_evt_dsp(event)" class=" gs_in_se gs_btn_mnu gs_btn_flat gs_btn_lrge gs_btn_half gs_btn_lsu gs_press gs_md_tb"><span class="gs_wr"><span class="gs_lbl" id="gsc_mnd_dd_agnl">Overall</span><span class="gs_icm"></span></span></button><div id="gsc_mnd_dd_agn-d" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_md_ulr" role="menu" tabindex="-1"><a role="menuitem" href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li gsc_mnd_dd_sel">Overall</a><a role="menuitem" href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=59" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">DFG</a><a role="menuitem" href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=153" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">BMBF</a><a role="menuitem" href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=138" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">European Commission</a><a role="menuitem" href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=5" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">DOE</a><a role="menuitem" href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=0" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">NSF</a><a role="menuitem" href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=7" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">SNSF</a><a role="menuitem" href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=16" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">NIH</a><a role="menuitem" href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=66" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">DFF</a><a role="menuitem" href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=115" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">EPSRC</a><a role="menuitem" href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=57" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">CAS</a><a role="menuitem" href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=148" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">ANR</a><a role="menuitem" href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=150" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">Government of Spain</a><a role="menuitem" href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=225" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">Carlsberg Foundation DK</a><a role="menuitem" href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=46" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">FWO</a><a role="menuitem" href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=49" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">CIHR</a><a role="menuitem" href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=54" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">NSERC</a><a role="menuitem" href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=58" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">NSFC</a><a role="menuitem" href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=80" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">SFI</a><a role="menuitem" href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=137" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">ARRS</a><a role="menuitem" href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=140" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">MESTD</a><a role="menuitem" href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=144" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">IRC</a><a role="menuitem" href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&agencyid=168" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">Government of Italy</a></div></div></div><div id="gsc_mnd_opts"><button type="button" onclick="window.location='/citations?view_op\x3dlist_mandates_page_export\x26hl\x3den\x26user\x3dEJcfhbsAAAAJ'" class="gs_btnDWL gs_in_ib gs_btn_flat gs_btn_half gs_btn_lsu"><span class="gs_wr"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_lbl" id="gsc_mnd_btn_lb"></span></span></button><div id="gsc_mnd_dd_sort-s"><div id="gsc_mnd_dd_sort-r" class="gs_md_r gs_md_rmb gs_md_rmbl"><button type="button" id="gsc_mnd_dd_sort-b" aria-controls="gsc_mnd_dd_sort-d" aria-haspopup="true" ontouchstart="gs_evt_dsp(event)" class="gs_btnSRT gs_in_ib gs_btn_flat gs_btn_lrge gs_btn_half gs_btn_lsu gs_press gs_md_tb"><span class="gs_wr"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></span></button><div id="gsc_mnd_dd_sort-d" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_md_ulr" role="menu" tabindex="-1"><a role="menuitem" href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&cstart=140&view_op=list_mandates" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li gsc_mnd_dd_sel">Sort by citations</a><a role="menuitem" href="?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&cstart=140&view_op=list_mandates&sortby=pubdate" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">Sort by date</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_sec gsc_mnd_sec_avl"><div class="gsc_mnd_sec_hdr">Available somewhere: 107</div><div class="gsc_mnd_art"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_act"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_bnr"><div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_access" href="https://www.academia.edu/download/96284835/190320_Wierzbicka_Self_Enhancing_H2_Evo.pdf"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_typ">[PDF]</span> academia.edu</a></div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_rvw gsc_mnd_link_font" href="javascript:void(0)" data-href="/citations?view_op=view_mandate&hl=en&cstart=140&agencyid=-1&citation_for_view=EJcfhbsAAAAJ:iH-uZ7U-co4C">Review</a></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_info"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_ttl">Self‐Enhancing H<sub>2</sub> Evolution from TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanostructures under Illumination</span><div class="gs_gray">E Wierzbicka, X Zhou, N Denisov, JE Yoo, D Fehn, N Liu, K Meyer, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">ChemSusChem 12 (9), 1900-1905, 2019</div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd_res"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_hdr">Mandates: </span><span class="gs_gray" id="gsc_mnd_mandates">German Research Foundation</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_act"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_bnr"><div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_access" href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.06583"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_typ">[PDF]</span> arxiv.org</a></div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_rvw gsc_mnd_link_font" href="javascript:void(0)" data-href="/citations?view_op=view_mandate&hl=en&cstart=140&agencyid=-1&citation_for_view=EJcfhbsAAAAJ:BwyfMAYsbu0C">Review</a></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_info"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_ttl">Magnéli-phases in anatase strongly promote cocatalyst-free photocatalytic hydrogen evolution</span><div class="gs_gray">M Domaschke, X Zhou, L Wergen, S Romeis, ME Miehlich, K Meyer, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">ACS Catalysis 9 (4), 3627-3632, 2019</div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd_res"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_hdr">Mandates: </span><span class="gs_gray" id="gsc_mnd_mandates">German Research Foundation</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_act"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_bnr"><div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_access" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gEou29gWXRVSIuD0-aYagHHqhu7iIgSs/view"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_typ">[PDF]</span> google.com</a></div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_rvw gsc_mnd_link_font" href="javascript:void(0)" data-href="/citations?view_op=view_mandate&hl=en&cstart=140&agencyid=-1&citation_for_view=EJcfhbsAAAAJ:7T2F9Uy0os0C">Review</a></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_info"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_ttl">Cyclo-P<sub>3</sub> Complexes of Vanadium: Redox Properties and Origin of the <sup>31</sup>P NMR Chemical Shift</span><div class="gs_gray">B Pinter, KT Smith, M Kamitani, EM Zolnhofer, BL Tran, S Fortier, M Pink, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Journal of the American Chemical Society 137 (48), 15247-15261, 2015</div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd_res"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_hdr">Mandates: </span><span class="gs_gray" id="gsc_mnd_mandates">US Department of Energy, Research Foundation (Flanders), Natural Sciences …</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_act"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_bnr"><div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_access" href="http://www.yegroup.dicp.ac.cn/wenjian/jacs-2019-141-17217.pdf"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_typ">[PDF]</span> dicp.ac.cn</a></div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_rvw gsc_mnd_link_font" href="javascript:void(0)" data-href="/citations?view_op=view_mandate&hl=en&cstart=140&agencyid=-1&citation_for_view=EJcfhbsAAAAJ:XiSMed-E-HIC">Review</a></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_info"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_ttl">A Series of Iron Nitrosyl Complexes {Fe–NO}<sup>6–9</sup> and a Fleeting {Fe–NO}<sup>10</sup> Intermediate en Route to a Metalacyclic Iron Nitrosoalkane</span><div class="gs_gray">M Keilwerth, J Hohenberger, FW Heinemann, J Sutter, A Scheurer, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Journal of the American Chemical Society 141 (43), 17217-17235, 2019</div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd_res"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_hdr">Mandates: </span><span class="gs_gray" id="gsc_mnd_mandates">German Research Foundation, Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_act"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_bnr"><div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_access" href="http://pstorage-acs-6854636.s3.amazonaws.com/5203531/ic6b00238_si_001.pdf"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_typ">[PDF]</span> amazonaws.com</a></div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_rvw gsc_mnd_link_font" href="javascript:void(0)" data-href="/citations?view_op=view_mandate&hl=en&cstart=140&agencyid=-1&citation_for_view=EJcfhbsAAAAJ:ns9cj8rnVeAC">Review</a></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_info"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_ttl">Molecular spin crossover in slow motion: light-induced spin-state transitions in trigonal prismatic iron (II) complexes</span><div class="gs_gray">P Stock, E Deck, S Hohnstein, J Korzekwa, K Meyer, FW Heinemann, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Inorganic Chemistry 55 (11), 5254-5265, 2016</div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd_res"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_hdr">Mandates: </span><span class="gs_gray" id="gsc_mnd_mandates">German Research Foundation</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_act"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_bnr"><div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_access" href="https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/chem.201605451"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_typ">[PDF]</span> wiley.com</a></div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_rvw gsc_mnd_link_font" href="javascript:void(0)" data-href="/citations?view_op=view_mandate&hl=en&cstart=140&agencyid=-1&citation_for_view=EJcfhbsAAAAJ:e_rmSamDkqQC">Review</a></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_info"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_ttl">Nacnac‐Cobalt‐Mediated P<sub>4</sub> Transformations</span><div class="gs_gray">F Spitzer, C Graßl, G Balázs, E Mädl, M Keilwerth, EM Zolnhofer, K Meyer, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Chemistry–A European Journal 23 (11), 2716-2721, 2017</div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd_res"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_hdr">Mandates: </span><span class="gs_gray" id="gsc_mnd_mandates">German Research Foundation, European Commission</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_act"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_bnr"><div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_access" href="https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/137423/anie201605963_am.pdf?sequence=1"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_typ">[PDF]</span> umich.edu</a></div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_rvw gsc_mnd_link_font" href="javascript:void(0)" data-href="/citations?view_op=view_mandate&hl=en&cstart=140&agencyid=-1&citation_for_view=EJcfhbsAAAAJ:tuHXwOkdijsC">Review</a></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_info"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_ttl">A stable crystalline triarylphosphine oxide radical anion</span><div class="gs_gray">TA Schaub, EM Zolnhofer, DP Halter, TE Shubina, F Hampel, K Meyer, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Angewandte Chemie International Edition 55 (43), 13597-13601, 2016</div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd_res"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_hdr">Mandates: </span><span class="gs_gray" id="gsc_mnd_mandates">German Research Foundation</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_act"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_bnr"><div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_access" href="https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2016/sc/c6sc00677a"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_typ">[PDF]</span> rsc.org</a></div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_rvw gsc_mnd_link_font" href="javascript:void(0)" data-href="/citations?view_op=view_mandate&hl=en&cstart=140&agencyid=-1&citation_for_view=EJcfhbsAAAAJ:dBIO0h50nwkC">Review</a></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_info"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_ttl">Uranium (iv) terminal hydrosulfido and sulfido complexes: insights into the nature of the uranium–sulfur bond</span><div class="gs_gray">MW Rosenzweig, A Scheurer, CA Lamsfus, FW Heinemann, L Maron, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Chemical science 7 (9), 5857-5866, 2016</div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd_res"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_hdr">Mandates: </span><span class="gs_gray" id="gsc_mnd_mandates">German Research Foundation</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_act"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_bnr"><div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_access" href="https://boris.unibe.ch/163910/1/ja-2021-07378x_R2_ms.pdf"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_typ">[PDF]</span> unibe.ch</a></div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_rvw gsc_mnd_link_font" href="javascript:void(0)" data-href="/citations?view_op=view_mandate&hl=en&cstart=140&agencyid=-1&citation_for_view=EJcfhbsAAAAJ:B3FOqHPlNUQC">Review</a></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_info"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_ttl">An Iron–Mesoionic Carbene Complex for Catalytic Intramolecular C–H Amination Utilizing Organic Azides</span><div class="gs_gray">W Stroek, M Keilwerth, DM Pividori, K Meyer, M Albrecht</div><div class="gs_gray">Journal of the American Chemical Society 143 (48), 20157-20165, 2021</div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd_res"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_hdr">Mandates: </span><span class="gs_gray" id="gsc_mnd_mandates">Swiss National Science Foundation, European Commission</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_act"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_bnr"><div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_access" href="https://par.nsf.gov/servlets/purl/10149399"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_typ">[PDF]</span> nsf.gov</a></div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_rvw gsc_mnd_link_font" href="javascript:void(0)" data-href="/citations?view_op=view_mandate&hl=en&cstart=140&agencyid=-1&citation_for_view=EJcfhbsAAAAJ:fPk4N6BV_jEC">Review</a></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_info"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_ttl">A Room-Temperature Stable Y (II) Aryloxide: Using Steric Saturation to Kinetically Stabilize Y (II) Complexes</span><div class="gs_gray">SA Moehring, M Miehlich, CJ Hoerger, K Meyer, JW Ziller, WJ Evans</div><div class="gs_gray">Inorganic Chemistry 59 (5), 3207-3214, 2020</div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd_res"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_hdr">Mandates: </span><span class="gs_gray" id="gsc_mnd_mandates">US National Science Foundation, Federal Ministry of Education and Research …</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_act"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_bnr"><div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_access" href="https://orbit.dtu.dk/files/56553306/ic301356h.pdf"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_typ">[PDF]</span> dtu.dk</a></div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_rvw gsc_mnd_link_font" href="javascript:void(0)" data-href="/citations?view_op=view_mandate&hl=en&cstart=140&agencyid=-1&citation_for_view=EJcfhbsAAAAJ:XoXfffV-tXoC">Review</a></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_info"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_ttl">A Copper(II) Thiolate from Reductive Cleavage of an <i>S</i>-Nitrosothiol</span><div class="gs_gray">MM Melzer, S Mossin, AJP Cardenas, KD Williams, S Zhang, K Meyer, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Inorganic Chemistry 51 (16), 8658-8660, 2012</div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd_res"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_hdr">Mandates: </span><span class="gs_gray" id="gsc_mnd_mandates">German Research Foundation</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_act"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_bnr"><div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_access" href="https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/chem.202000355"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_typ">[PDF]</span> wiley.com</a></div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_rvw gsc_mnd_link_font" href="javascript:void(0)" data-href="/citations?view_op=view_mandate&hl=en&cstart=140&agencyid=-1&citation_for_view=EJcfhbsAAAAJ:ZfRJV9d4-WMC">Review</a></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_info"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_ttl">A spherically shielded triphenylamine and its persistent radical cation</span><div class="gs_gray">TA Schaub, T Mekelburg, PO Dral, M Miehlich, F Hampel, K Meyer, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Chemistry–A European Journal 26 (15), 3264-3269, 2020</div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd_res"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_hdr">Mandates: </span><span class="gs_gray" id="gsc_mnd_mandates">German Research Foundation</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_act"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_bnr"><div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_access" href="https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2015/cc/c5cc07211e"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_typ">[PDF]</span> rsc.org</a></div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_rvw gsc_mnd_link_font" href="javascript:void(0)" data-href="/citations?view_op=view_mandate&hl=en&cstart=140&agencyid=-1&citation_for_view=EJcfhbsAAAAJ:kz9GbA2Ns4gC">Review</a></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_info"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_ttl">Charge control of the inverse trans-influence</span><div class="gs_gray">HS La Pierre, M Rosenzweig, B Kosog, C Hauser, FW Heinemann, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Chemical Communications 51 (93), 16671-16674, 2015</div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd_res"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_hdr">Mandates: </span><span class="gs_gray" id="gsc_mnd_mandates">German Research Foundation, UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research …</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_act"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_bnr"><div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_access" href="https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2014/cc/c3cc49452g"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_typ">[PDF]</span> rsc.org</a></div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_rvw gsc_mnd_link_font" href="javascript:void(0)" data-href="/citations?view_op=view_mandate&hl=en&cstart=140&agencyid=-1&citation_for_view=EJcfhbsAAAAJ:rmuvC79q63oC">Review</a></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_info"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_ttl">Well-defined molecular uranium (III) chloride complexes</span><div class="gs_gray">HS La Pierre, FW Heinemann, K Meyer</div><div class="gs_gray">Chemical Communications 50 (30), 3962-3964, 2014</div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd_res"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_hdr">Mandates: </span><span class="gs_gray" id="gsc_mnd_mandates">European Commission</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_act"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_bnr"><div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_access" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/anie.202102670"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_typ">[PDF]</span> wiley.com</a></div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_rvw gsc_mnd_link_font" href="javascript:void(0)" data-href="/citations?view_op=view_mandate&hl=en&cstart=140&agencyid=-1&citation_for_view=EJcfhbsAAAAJ:Aul-kAQHnToC">Review</a></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_info"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_ttl">An Electrically Conducting Three‐Dimensional Iron–Catecholate Porous Framework</span><div class="gs_gray">A Mähringer, M Döblinger, M Hennemann, C Gruber, D Fehn, PI Scheurle, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60 (33), 18065-18072, 2021</div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd_res"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_hdr">Mandates: </span><span class="gs_gray" id="gsc_mnd_mandates">German Research Foundation</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_act"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_bnr"><div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_access" href="https://pubs.rsc.org/zh-tw/content/articlehtml/2017/sc/c7sc01111c"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_typ">[HTML]</span> rsc.org</a></div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_rvw gsc_mnd_link_font" href="javascript:void(0)" data-href="/citations?view_op=view_mandate&hl=en&cstart=140&agencyid=-1&citation_for_view=EJcfhbsAAAAJ:uLbwQdceFCQC">Review</a></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_info"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_ttl">Metathesis of a UV imido complex: a route to a terminal UV sulfide</span><div class="gs_gray">RP Kelly, M Falcone, CA Lamsfus, R Scopelliti, L Maron, K Meyer, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Chemical science 8 (8), 5319-5328, 2017</div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd_res"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_hdr">Mandates: </span><span class="gs_gray" id="gsc_mnd_mandates">Swiss National Science Foundation, German Research Foundation</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_act"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_bnr"><div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_access" href="https://scholar.archive.org/work/joyfzdmaxfatbhaidds2ubjtle/access/wayback/https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-fau/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/9162/file/Hoerger_reductive.pdf"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_typ">[PDF]</span> archive.org</a></div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_rvw gsc_mnd_link_font" href="javascript:void(0)" data-href="/citations?view_op=view_mandate&hl=en&cstart=140&agencyid=-1&citation_for_view=EJcfhbsAAAAJ:fQNAKQ3IYiAC">Review</a></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_info"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_ttl">Reductive disproportionation of nitric oxide mediated by low-valent uranium</span><div class="gs_gray">CJ Hoerger, HS La Pierre, L Maron, A Scheurer, FW Heinemann, K Meyer</div><div class="gs_gray">Chemical Communications 52 (72), 10854-10857, 2016</div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd_res"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_hdr">Mandates: </span><span class="gs_gray" id="gsc_mnd_mandates">German Research Foundation</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_act"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_bnr"><div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_access" href="https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/chimie/articles/en/10.1016/j.crci.2010.03.004/"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_typ">[HTML]</span> academie-sciences.fr</a></div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_rvw gsc_mnd_link_font" href="javascript:void(0)" data-href="/citations?view_op=view_mandate&hl=en&cstart=140&agencyid=-1&citation_for_view=EJcfhbsAAAAJ:z_wVstp3MssC">Review</a></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_info"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_ttl">A new diamantane functionalized tris (aryloxide) ligand system for small molecule activation chemistry at reactive uranium complexes</span><div class="gs_gray">OP Lam, FW Heinemann, K Meyer</div><div class="gs_gray">Comptes Rendus. Chimie 13 (6-7), 803-811, 2010</div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd_res"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_hdr">Mandates: </span><span class="gs_gray" id="gsc_mnd_mandates">German Research Foundation</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_act"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_bnr"><div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_access" href="https://infoscience.epfl.ch/bitstreams/ee741f49-5017-4e06-8c2e-57f79b84bf8f/download"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_typ">[PDF]</span> epfl.ch</a></div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_rvw gsc_mnd_link_font" href="javascript:void(0)" data-href="/citations?view_op=view_mandate&hl=en&cstart=140&agencyid=-1&citation_for_view=EJcfhbsAAAAJ:5icHVeHT4IsC">Review</a></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_info"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_ttl">A complete series of uranium (IV) complexes with terminal hydrochalcogenido (EH) and chalcogenido (E) ligands E= O, S, Se, Te</span><div class="gs_gray">MW Rosenzweig, J Hümmer, A Scheurer, CA Lamsfus, FW Heinemann, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Dalton Transactions 48 (29), 10853-10864, 2019</div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd_res"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_hdr">Mandates: </span><span class="gs_gray" id="gsc_mnd_mandates">German Research Foundation, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Federal …</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_act"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_bnr"><div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_access" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/anie.201910428"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_typ">[HTML]</span> wiley.com</a></div><a class="gsc_mnd_art_rvw gsc_mnd_link_font" href="javascript:void(0)" data-href="/citations?view_op=view_mandate&hl=en&cstart=140&agencyid=-1&citation_for_view=EJcfhbsAAAAJ:yB1At4FlUx8C">Review</a></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_info"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_ttl">A terminal iron nitrilimine complex: accessing the terminal nitride through diazo N− N bond cleavage</span><div class="gs_gray">S Aghazada, M Miehlich, J Messelberger, FW Heinemann, D Munz, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Angewandte Chemie International Edition 58 (51), 18547-18551, 2019</div><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd_res"><div class="gsc_mnd_art_mnd"><span class="gsc_mnd_art_hdr">Mandates: </span><span class="gs_gray" id="gsc_mnd_mandates">Swiss National Science Foundation</span></div></div></div></div></div><div id="gsc_nm" role="navigation"><button type="button" onclick="window.location='/citations?hl\x3den\x26user\x3dEJcfhbsAAAAJ\x26view_op\x3dlist_mandates\x26cstart\x3d120'" aria-label="Previous" class="gs_btnPL gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge gs_btn_half gs_btn_lsu"><span class="gs_wr"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></span></button><button type="button" onclick="window.location='/citations?hl\x3den\x26user\x3dEJcfhbsAAAAJ\x26view_op\x3dlist_mandates\x26cstart\x3d160'" aria-label="Next" class="gs_btnPR gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge gs_btn_half gs_btn_lsu"><span class="gs_wr"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></span></button><div id="gsc_nml"><a class="gsc_nma gs_nph" href="/citations?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&cstart=15">1</a><a class="gsc_nma gs_nph" href="/citations?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&cstart=35">2</a><a class="gsc_nma gs_nph" href="/citations?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&cstart=55">3</a><a class="gsc_nma" href="/citations?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&cstart=75">4</a><a class="gsc_nma" href="/citations?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&cstart=95">5</a><a class="gsc_nma" href="/citations?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&cstart=115">6</a><a class="gsc_nma" href="/citations?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&cstart=135">7</a><b class="gsc_nma">8</b><a class="gsc_nma" href="/citations?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&cstart=175">9</a><a class="gsc_nma" href="/citations?hl=en&user=EJcfhbsAAAAJ&view_op=list_mandates&cstart=195">10</a></div></div><div class="gsc_mnd_disclaimer gs_gray">Publication and funding information is determined automatically by a computer program</div></div></div></div><div id="gs_ftr_sp" role="presentation"></div><div id="gs_ftr" class="gs_md_rmb" role="contentinfo"><div id="gs_ftr_rt"><a href="//www.google.co.uk/intl/en/policies/privacy/">Privacy</a><a href="//www.google.co.uk/intl/en/policies/terms/">Terms</a><a href="javascript:void(0)" ontouchstart="gs_evt_dsp(event)" role="button" aria-controls="gs_ftr_mnu" aria-haspopup="true" class="gs_press gs_md_tb">Help</a></div><div id="gs_ftr_mnu" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_ttzi gs_md_ulr" role="menu" tabindex="-1"><a role="menuitem" href="/intl/en/scholar/about.html" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">About Scholar</a><a role="menuitem" href="//support.google.com/websearch?p=scholar_dsa&hl=en" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">Search help</a></div></div></div></body></html>