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Disponible en 67 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="عملية تجميعية – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عملية تجميعية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociativid%C3%A1" title="Asociatividá – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Asociatividá" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Ассоциативлыҡ (математика) – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ассоциативлыҡ (математика)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Асацыятыўная аперацыя – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Асацыятыўная аперацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Асоциативност – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Асоциативност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asocijativnost" title="Asocijativnost – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Asocijativnost" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propietat_associativa" title="Propietat associativa – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Propietat associativa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86" title="یەکتربەستن – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یەکتربەستن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociativita" title="Asociativita – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Asociativita" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Ассациативлăх (математика) – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ассациативлăх (математика)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associativitet" title="Associativitet – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Associativitet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assoziativgesetz" title="Assoziativgesetz – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Assoziativgesetz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Προσεταιριστική ιδιότητα – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Προσεταιριστική ιδιότητα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_property" title="Associative property – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Associative property" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asocieco" title="Asocieco – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Asocieco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociatividad_(%C3%A1lgebra)" title="Asociatividad (álgebra) – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Asociatividad (álgebra)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assotsiatiivsus" title="Assotsiatiivsus – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Assotsiatiivsus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elkarkortasun" title="Elkarkortasun – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Elkarkortasun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%B0%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="خاصیت شرکت‌پذیری – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خاصیت شرکت‌پذیری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liit%C3%A4nn%C3%A4isyys" title="Liitännäisyys – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Liitännäisyys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asotsiatiifgesets" title="Asotsiatiifgesets – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Asotsiatiifgesets" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oibr%C3%ADocht_chomhthiomsaitheach" title="Oibríocht chomhthiomsaitheach – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Oibríocht chomhthiomsaitheach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociatividade_(%C3%A1lxebra)" title="Asociatividade (álxebra) – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Asociatividade (álxebra)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="פעולה אסוציאטיבית – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פעולה אסוציאטיבית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asocijativnost" title="Asocijativnost – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Asocijativnost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asszociativit%C3%A1s" title="Asszociativitás – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Asszociativitás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Զուգորդականություն – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Զուգորդականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associativitate" title="Associativitate – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Associativitate" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifat_asosiatif" title="Sifat asosiatif – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sifat asosiatif" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tengiregla" title="Tengiregla – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tengiregla" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associativit%C3%A0" title="Associatività – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Associatività" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E5%90%88%E6%B3%95%E5%89%87" title="結合法則 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="結合法則" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ассоциативтік операция – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ассоциативтік операция" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%B0%ED%95%A9%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%99" title="결합법칙 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="결합법칙" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associativitas_(mathematica)" title="Associativitas (mathematica) – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Associativitas (mathematica)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociatyvumas" title="Asociatyvumas – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Asociatyvumas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociativit%C4%81te" title="Asociativitāte – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Asociativitāte" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Асоцијативност – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Асоцијативност" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%82" title="സാഹചര്യനിയമം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സാഹചര്യനിയമം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalis_sekutuan" title="Kalis sekutuan – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kalis sekutuan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associativiteit_(wiskunde)" title="Associativiteit (wiskunde) – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Associativiteit (wiskunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assosiativitet" title="Assosiativitet – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Assosiativitet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assosiativ_lov" title="Assosiativ lov – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Assosiativ lov" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associativitat" title="Associativitat – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Associativitat" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C4%85czno%C5%9B%C4%87_(matematyka)" title="Łączność (matematyka) – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Łączność (matematyka)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associatividade" title="Associatividade – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Associatividade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociativitate" title="Asociativitate – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Asociativitate" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Ассоциативность (математика) – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ассоциативность (математика)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asocijativnost" title="Asocijativnost – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Asocijativnost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associativity" title="Associativity – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Associativity" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociat%C3%ADvnos%C5%A5" title="Asociatívnosť – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Asociatívnosť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociativnost" title="Asociativnost – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Asociativnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetia_e_shoq%C3%ABrimit" title="Vetia e shoqërimit – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vetia e shoqërimit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Асоцијативност – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Асоцијативност" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associativitet" title="Associativitet – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Associativitet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="சேர்ப்புப் பண்பு – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சேர்ப்புப் பண்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88" title="สมบัติการเปลี่ยนหมู่ – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สมบัติการเปลี่ยนหมู่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fme_%C3%B6zelli%C4%9Fi_(ikili_i%C5%9Flemler)" title="Birleşme özelliği (ikili işlemler) – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Birleşme özelliği (ikili işlemler)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Ассоциативлык – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ассоциативлык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Асоціативність – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Асоціативність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assotsiativlik" title="Assotsiativlik – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Assotsiativlik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propiet%C3%A0_asociativa" title="Propietà asociativa – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Propietà asociativa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ADnh_k%E1%BA%BFt_h%E1%BB%A3p" title="Tính kết hợp – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tính kết hợp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E5%90%88%E5%BE%8B" title="结合律 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="结合律" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%98" title="אסאציאטיוויטעט – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אסאציאטיוויטעט" 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class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \star }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>⋆</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \star }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bd316a21eeb5079a850f223b1d096a06bfa788c0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: 0.035ex; margin-bottom: -0.206ex; width:1.162ex; height:1.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \star }"></span> sur un <a href="/wiki/Ensemble" title="Ensemble">ensemble</a> <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">E</span> est dite <b>associative</b> si pour tous <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">x</span>, <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">y</span> et <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">z</span> dans <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">E</span> : </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (x\star y)\star z=x\star (y\star z)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>⋆</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>⋆</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>⋆</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>⋆</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (x\star y)\star z=x\star (y\star z)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b211723abebcb4a91912ae1fd2c3457a3980a8fa" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:22.643ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (x\star y)\star z=x\star (y\star z)}"></span>.</dd></dl> <p>En notant <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m:E\times E\to E,\;(x,y)\mapsto x\star y}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>m</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">↦</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>⋆</mo> <mi>y</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m:E\times E\to E,\;(x,y)\mapsto x\star y}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d5cb0891d3ab43faafdc74332088c13d03cafefd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:31.06ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m:E\times E\to E,\;(x,y)\mapsto x\star y}"></span>, l'associativité se traduit par le <a href="/wiki/Diagramme_commutatif" title="Diagramme commutatif">diagramme commutatif</a> suivant : </p><p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Associativit%C3%A9.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Associativit%C3%A9.png" decoding="async" width="207" height="79" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="207" data-file-height="79" /></a></span> </p><p>Parmi les lois associatives, on peut citer les lois d'addition et de multiplication des <a href="/wiki/Nombre_r%C3%A9el" title="Nombre réel">nombres réels</a>, des <a href="/wiki/Nombre_complexe" title="Nombre complexe">nombres complexes</a> et des <a href="/wiki/Matrice_(math%C3%A9matiques)" title="Matrice (mathématiques)">matrices</a> carrées, l'addition des <a href="/wiki/Espace_vectoriel" title="Espace vectoriel">vecteurs</a>, et l'intersection, la réunion d'<a href="/wiki/Ensemble" title="Ensemble">ensembles</a>. Aussi, si <var>M</var> est un ensemble quelconque et <var>S</var> désigne l'ensemble de toutes les <a href="/wiki/Application_(math%C3%A9matiques)" title="Application (mathématiques)">fonctions</a> de <var>M</var> vers <var>M</var>, alors l'opération de composition des fonctions sur <var>S</var> est associative. </p><p>Parmi les lois non associatives, on peut citer par exemple le <a href="/wiki/Produit_vectoriel" title="Produit vectoriel">produit vectoriel</a> sur un <a href="/wiki/Espace_euclidien" title="Espace euclidien">espace euclidien</a> orienté de dimension 3. </p><p>Un autre exemple est la <a href="/wiki/Soustraction" title="Soustraction">soustraction</a> des nombres réels. En effet : </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (30-20)-10=10-10=0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>30</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mn>20</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo>=</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (30-20)-10=10-10=0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/950192b313ec043611b01f7903c7fa50f6aae962" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:29.314ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (30-20)-10=10-10=0}"></span> et <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 30-(20-10)=30-10=20}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>30</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>20</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>30</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo>=</mo> <mn>20</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 30-(20-10)=30-10=20}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/23cf6d00b90fcca7ffc2a05d378c10a949febabd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:30.477ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 30-(20-10)=30-10=20}"></span></dd></dl> <p>donc </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (30-20)-10\neq 30-(20-10)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>30</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mn>20</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo>≠</mo> <mn>30</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>20</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (30-20)-10\neq 30-(20-10)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3179689210c03c0c6318dce0d70c9b694ac52fa4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:32.028ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (30-20)-10\neq 30-(20-10)}"></span>.</dd></dl> <p>Un ensemble muni d'une loi interne associative et <a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ment_neutre" title="Élément neutre">unifère</a> est appelé un <a href="/wiki/Mono%C3%AFde" title="Monoïde">monoïde</a>. </p><p>On peut écrire un algorithme qui, pour un <a href="/wiki/Magma_(alg%C3%A8bre)" title="Magma (algèbre)">magma</a> fini d'ordre <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}"></span> de <a href="/wiki/Table_de_Cayley" title="Table de Cayley">table de Cayley</a> donnée, détermine s'il est un <a href="/wiki/Groupe_(math%C3%A9matiques)" title="Groupe (mathématiques)">groupe</a> ou non en <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle O(n^{2})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle O(n^{2})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6cd9594a16cb898b8f2a2dff9227a385ec183392" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.032ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle O(n^{2})}"></span> opérations élémentaires<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, la difficulté majeure étant de décider de l'associativité de la loi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Référence"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rence"></span>Référence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Associativit%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Référence" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Associativit%C3%A9&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Référence"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Vuillemin1977"><span class="ouvrage" id=":Jean_Vuillemin1977"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Vuillemin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Vuillemin (page inexistante)">Jean Vuillemin</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Vuillemin" class="extiw" title="en:Jean Vuillemin"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Jean Vuillemin »">(en)</span></a>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Comment verifier l'associativite d'une table de groupe</cite> », <i><a href="/wiki/Theoretical_Computer_Science" title="Theoretical Computer Science">Theoretical Computer Science</a></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 4, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 1,‎ <time>1977</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">77-82</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304397577900573">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Comment+verifier+l%27associativite+d%27une+table+de+groupe&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+Computer+Science&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Vuillemin&rft.aufirst=%3AJean&rft.date=1977&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=77-82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAssociativit%C3%A9"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Associativit%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Associativit%C3%A9&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternativit%C3%A9" title="Alternativité">Alternativité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loi_commutative" title="Loi commutative">Loi commutative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono%C3%AFde" title="Monoïde">Monoïde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demi-groupe" title="Demi-groupe">Demi-groupe</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Logique_math%C3%A9matique" title="Modèle:Palette Logique mathématique"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Logique_math%C3%A9matique&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%">Logique mathématique</div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Calcul_des_propositions" title="Calcul des propositions">Calcul des propositions</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A8gle_d%27inf%C3%A9rence" title="Règle d'inférence">Règles d'inférence</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modus_ponens" title="Modus ponens"><span title="A→B, A ⊢ B"><i>Modus ponens</i></span></a> / <a href="/wiki/Modus_tollens" title="Modus tollens"><span title="A→B, ¬B ⊢ ¬A"><i>Modus tollens</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89limination_de_la_conjonction" title="Élimination de la conjonction"><span title="A∧B ⊢ A">Élimination</span></a> / <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A8gle_d%27introduction_(logique)" title="Règle d'introduction (logique)"><span title="A, B ⊢ A∧B">introduction de la conjonction</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89limination_de_la_disjonction" title="Élimination de la disjonction"><span title="A∨B, A→C, B→C ⊢ C">Élimination</span></a> / <a href="/wiki/Introduction_de_la_disjonction" title="Introduction de la disjonction"><span title="A ⊢ A∨B">introduction de la disjonction</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syllogisme_hypoth%C3%A9tique" title="Syllogisme hypothétique"><span title="A→B, B→C ⊢ A→C">Syllogisme hypothétique</span></a> / <a href="/wiki/Syllogisme_disjonctif" title="Syllogisme disjonctif"><span title="A∨B, ¬A ⊢ B">disjonctif</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilemme_constructif" title="Dilemme constructif"><span title="A→P, B→Q, A∨B ⊢ P∨Q">Dilemme constructif</span></a> / <a href="/wiki/Dilemme_destructif" title="Dilemme destructif"><span title="A→P, B→Q, ¬P∨¬Q ⊢ ¬A∨¬B">destructif</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absorption_(logique)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Absorption (logique) (page inexistante)"><span title="A→B ⊢ A→A∧B">Absorption</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Modus_ponendo_tollens" title="Modus ponendo tollens">Modus ponendo tollens</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A8gle_de_remplacement" title="Règle de remplacement">Règles de remplacement</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span title="A∨(B∨C) = (A∨B)∨C">Associativité</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loi_commutative" title="Loi commutative">Commutativité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributivit%C3%A9" title="Distributivité"><span title="A∧(B∨C) = (A∧B)∨(A∧C)">Distributivité</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%A9gation_(logique)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Négation (logique) (page inexistante)"><span title="¬¬A = A">Double négation</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lois_de_De_Morgan" title="Lois de De Morgan">Lois de De Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transposition_(logique)" title="Transposition (logique)">Transposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Implication_(logique)" title="Implication (logique)"><span title="A→B ⊢ ¬A∨B">Implication</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89quivalence_logique" title="Équivalence logique">Équivalence</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exportation_(logique)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exportation (logique) (page inexistante)"><span title="(A∧B)→C ⊢ A→(B→C)">Exportation</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tautologie_(logique)" title="Tautologie (logique)">Tautologie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Introduction_de_la_n%C3%A9gation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Introduction de la négation (page inexistante)">Introduction de la négation</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Calcul_des_pr%C3%A9dicats" title="Calcul des prédicats">Calcul des prédicats</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ralisation_universelle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Généralisation universelle (page inexistante)">Généralisation</a> / <a href="/wiki/Instanciation_universelle" title="Instanciation universelle">instanciation universelle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ralisation_existentielle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Généralisation existentielle (page inexistante)">Généralisation</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Instanciation_existentielle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Instanciation existentielle (page inexistante)">instanciation existentielle</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span 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