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lens</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: contact lens"> <meta name="keywords" content="contact lens"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="contact lens"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2337</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: contact lens</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2337</span> Complications of Contact Lens-Associated Keratitis: A Refresher for Emergency Departments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Selman">S. Selman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Gout"> T. Gout</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microbial keratitis is a serious complication of contact lens wear that can be vision and eye-threatening. Diverse presentations relating to contact lens wear include dry corneal surface, corneal infiltrate, ulceration, scarring, and complete corneal melt leading to perforation. Contact lens wear is a major risk factor and, as such, is an important consideration in any patient presenting with a red eye in the primary care setting. This paper aims to provide an overview of the risk factors, common organisms, and spectrum of contact lens-associated keratitis (CLAK) complications. It will highlight some of the salient points relevant to the assessment and workup of patients suspected of CLAK in the emergency department based on the recent literature and therapeutic guidelines. An overview of the management principles will also be provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20keratitis" title="microbial keratitis">microbial keratitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corneal%20pathology" title=" corneal pathology"> corneal pathology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20lens-associated%20complications" title=" contact lens-associated complications"> contact lens-associated complications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=painful%20vision%20loss" title=" painful vision loss"> painful vision loss</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153766/complications-of-contact-lens-associated-keratitis-a-refresher-for-emergency-departments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2336</span> Cavitas Sensors into Human Cavities: Soft-Contact Lens and Mouthguard Sensors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kohji%20Mitsubayashi">Kohji Mitsubayashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takahiro%20Arakawa"> Takahiro Arakawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kohji%20Mitsubayashi"> Kohji Mitsubayashi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> ‘Cavitas sensors’ attached to human body cavities such as a contact lens type and a mouthguard (‘no implantable', ‘no wearable’) attracted attention as self-detachable devices for daily medicine. In this contribution, the soft contact lens glucose sensor for tear sugar monitoring will be introduced. And the mouthguard sensor with dental materials integrated with Bluetooth low energy (BLE) wireless module for real-time monitoring of saliva glucose would also be demonstrated. In the near future, those self-detachable cavitas sensors are expected to improve quality of life in view of the aging of society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cavitas%20sensor" title="cavitas sensor">cavitas sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosensor" title=" biosensor"> biosensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20lens" title=" contact lens"> contact lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mouthguard" title=" mouthguard"> mouthguard</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58793/cavitas-sensors-into-human-cavities-soft-contact-lens-and-mouthguard-sensors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58793.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2335</span> Fracture Control of the Soda-Lime Glass in Laser Thermal Cleavage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jehnming%20Lin">Jehnming Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effects of the contact ball-lens on the soda lime glass in laser thermal cleavage with a cw Nd-YAG laser were investigated in this study. A contact ball-lens was adopted to generate a bending force on the crack formation of the soda-lime glass in the laser cutting process. The Nd-YAG laser beam (wavelength of 1064 nm) was focused through the ball-lens and transmitted to the soda-lime glass, which was coated with a carbon film on the surface with a bending force from a ball-lens to generate a tensile stress state on the surface cracking. The fracture was controlled by the contact ball-lens and a straight cutting was tested to demonstrate the feasibility. Experimental observations on the crack propagation from the leading edge, main section and trailing edge of the glass sheet were compared with various mechanical and thermal loadings. Further analyses on the stress under various laser powers and contact ball loadings were made to characterize the innovative technology. The results show that the distributions of the side crack at the leading and trailing edges are mainly dependent on the boundary condition, contact force, cutting speed and laser power. With the increase of the mechanical and thermal loadings, the region of the side cracks might be dramatically reduced with proper selection of the geometrical constraints. Therefore, the application of the contact ball-lens is a possible way to control the fracture in laser cleavage with improved cutting qualities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20cleavage" title="laser cleavage">laser cleavage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20analysis" title=" stress analysis"> stress analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crack%20visualization" title=" crack visualization"> crack visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser" title=" laser"> laser</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31854/fracture-control-of-the-soda-lime-glass-in-laser-thermal-cleavage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31854.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2334</span> Evaluation of TRIS-DMA-NVP Hydrogels for Making Silicone-Based Contact Lenses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20P.%20D.%20Tran">N. P. D. Tran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Q.%20D.%20Nguyen"> H. Q. D. Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20C.%20Yang"> M. C. Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, contact lenses were prepared through the polymerization of tris-(trimethyl-silyl-propyl-methacrylate) (TRIS), N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA), N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP), and cross-linked with ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate (EGDMA). The equilibrium water content (EWC), oxygen permeability (Dk), light transmittance, and <em>in vitro</em> cytotoxicity of TRIS-DMA-NVP with various ratios were measured. The results showed that the EWC increased while the Dk decreased with the increase of NVP content. For the sample with 25 wt% NVP, the EWC attained 53% whereas the Dk decreased to 46 barrers. All these lenses exhibited light transmittance over than 95%. In addition, all these lenses exhibited no inhibition to the growth of L292 fibroblasts. Thus, this study showed that TRIS-DMA-NVP can be applicable for making contact lens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DMA" title="DMA">DMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TRIS" title=" TRIS"> TRIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NVP" title=" NVP"> NVP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicone%20hydrogel" title=" silicone hydrogel"> silicone hydrogel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20lens" title=" contact lens"> contact lens</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74916/evaluation-of-tris-dma-nvp-hydrogels-for-making-silicone-based-contact-lenses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2333</span> Using Divergent Nozzle with Aerodynamic Lens to Focus Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20Jumaah%20Mrayeh">Hasan Jumaah Mrayeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fue-Sang%20Lien"> Fue-Sang Lien</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> ANSYS Fluent will be used to simulate Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for an efficient lens and nozzle design which will be explained in this paper. We have designed and characterized an aerodynamic lens and a divergent nozzle for focusing flow that transmits sub 25 nm particles through the aerodynamic lens. The design of the lens and nozzle has been improved using CFD for particle trajectories. We obtained a case for calculating nanoparticles (25 nm) flowing through the aerodynamic lens and divergent nozzle. Nanoparticles are transported by air, which is pumped into the aerodynamic lens through the nozzle at 1 atmospheric pressure. We have also developed a computational methodology that can determine the exact focus characteristics of aerodynamic lens systems. Particle trajectories were traced using the Lagrange approach. The simulation shows the ability of the aerodynamic lens to focus on 25 nm particles after using a divergent nozzle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamic%20lens" title="aerodynamic lens">aerodynamic lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=divergent%20nozzle" title=" divergent nozzle"> divergent nozzle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANSYS%20Fluent" title=" ANSYS Fluent"> ANSYS Fluent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lagrange%20approach" title=" Lagrange approach"> Lagrange approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106210/using-divergent-nozzle-with-aerodynamic-lens-to-focus-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106210.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2332</span> Non-Contact Measurement of Soil Deformation in a Cyclic Triaxial Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erica%20Elice%20Uy">Erica Elice Uy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshihiro%20Noda"> Toshihiro Noda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kentaro%20Nakai"> Kentaro Nakai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonathan%20Dungca"> Jonathan Dungca</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Deformation in a conventional cyclic triaxial test is normally measured by using point-wise measuring device. In this study, non-contact measurement technique was applied to be able to monitor and measure the occurrence of non-homogeneous behavior of the soil under cyclic loading. Non-contact measurement is executed through image processing. Two-dimensional measurements were performed using Lucas and Kanade optical flow algorithm and it was implemented Labview. In this technique, the non-homogeneous deformation was monitored using a mirrorless camera. A mirrorless camera was used because it is economical and it has the capacity to take pictures at a fast rate. The camera was first calibrated to remove the distortion brought about the lens and the testing environment as well. Calibration was divided into 2 phases. The first phase was the calibration of the camera parameters and distortion caused by the lens. The second phase was to for eliminating the distortion brought about the triaxial plexiglass. A correction factor was established from this phase. A series of consolidated undrained cyclic triaxial test was performed using a coarse soil. The results from the non-contact measurement technique were compared to the measured deformation from the linear variable displacement transducer. It was observed that deformation was higher at the area where failure occurs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20loading" title="cyclic loading">cyclic loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-contact%20measurement" title=" non-contact measurement"> non-contact measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-homogeneous" title=" non-homogeneous"> non-homogeneous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20flow" title=" optical flow"> optical flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76849/non-contact-measurement-of-soil-deformation-in-a-cyclic-triaxial-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2331</span> Investigation of the Functional Impact of Amblyopia on Visual Skills in Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinmay%20V.%20Deshpande">Chinmay V. Deshpande</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: To assess the efficiency of visual functions and visual skills in strabismic & anisometropic amblyopes and to assess visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in anisometropic amblyopes with spectacles & contact lenses. Method: In a prospective clinical study, 32 children ageing from 5 to 15 years presenting with amblyopia in a pediatric department of Shri Ganapati Netralaya Jalna, India, were assessed for a period of three & half months. Visual acuity was measured with Snellen’s and Bailey-Lovie log MAR charts whereas contrast sensitivity was measured with Pelli-Robson chart with spectacles and contact lenses. Saccadic movements were assessed with SCCO scoring criteria and accommodative facility was checked with ±1.50 DS flippers. Stereopsis was assessed with TNO test. Results: By using Wilcoxon sign rank test p-value < 0.05 (< 0.001), the mean linear visual acuity was 0.29 (≈ 6/21) and mean single optotype visual acuity found to be 0.36 (≈ 6/18). Mean visual acuity of 0.27(≈ 6/21) with spectacles improved to 0.33 (≈ 6/18) with contact lenses in amblyopic eyes. The mean Log MAR visual acuity with spectacles and contact lens were found to be 0.602( ≈6/24) and 0.531(≈ 6/21) respectively. The contrast threshold out of 20 amblyopic eyes shows that mean contrast threshold changed in 9 patients from spectacles 0.27 to contact lens 0.19 respectively. The mean accommodative facility assessed was 5.31(± 2.37). 24 subjects (75%) revealed marked saccadic defects on the test applied. 78% subjects didn’t show even gross stereoscopic ability on TNO test. Conclusion: This study supports the facts about amblyopia and associated deficits in visual skills which are claimed in previous studies. In addition, anisometropic amblyopia can be managed better with contact lenses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strabismus" title="strabismus">strabismus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anisometropia" title=" anisometropia"> anisometropia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amblyopia" title=" amblyopia"> amblyopia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contrast%20sensitivity" title=" contrast sensitivity"> contrast sensitivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saccades" title=" saccades"> saccades</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stereopsis" title=" stereopsis"> stereopsis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3335/investigation-of-the-functional-impact-of-amblyopia-on-visual-skills-in-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3335.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2330</span> Parameters Influencing the Output Precision of a Lens-Lens Beam Generator Solar Concentrator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Tawfik">M. Tawfik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X.%20Tonnellier"> X. Tonnellier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Sansom"> C. Sansom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Lens-Lens Beam Generator (LLBG) is a Fresnel-based optical concentrating technique which provides flexibility in selecting the solar receiver location compared to conventional techniques through generating a powerful concentrated collimated solar beam. In order to achieve that, two successive lenses are used and followed by a flat mirror. Hence the generated beam emerging from the LLBG has a high power flux which impinges on the target receiver, it is important to determine the precision of the system output. In this present work, mathematical investigation of different parameters affecting the precision of the output beam is carried out. These parameters include: Deflection in sun-facing lens and its holding arm, delay in updating the solar tracking system, and the flat mirror surface flatness. Moreover, relationships that describe the power lost due to the effect of each parameter are derived in this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fresnel%20lens" title="Fresnel lens">Fresnel lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LLBG" title=" LLBG"> LLBG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20concentrator" title=" solar concentrator"> solar concentrator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20tracking" title=" solar tracking"> solar tracking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57002/parameters-influencing-the-output-precision-of-a-lens-lens-beam-generator-solar-concentrator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57002.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2329</span> Clinical Outcomes of Toric Implantable Collamer Lens (T-ICL) and Toric Implantable Phakic Contact Lens (IPCL) for Correction of High Myopia with Astigmatism: Comparative Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Salah%20El-Din%20Mahmoud">Mohamed Salah El-Din Mahmoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20Radi%20Atta%20Allah"> Heba Radi Atta Allah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Our study assesses the safety profile and efficacy of toric Implantable Collamer Lens (T-ICL) and toric implantable phakic contact lens (IPCL) for the correction of high myopia with astigmatism. Methods: A prospective interventional randomized comparative study included 60 myopic eyes divided into 2 groups, group A including 30 eyes that were implanted with T-ICL, and group B including 30 eyes that were implanted with toric IPCL. The refractive results, visual acuity, corneal endothelial cell count, and intraocular pressure (IOP) were evaluated at baseline and at 1, 6, and 9 months post-surgery. Any complications either during or after surgery were assessed. Results: A significant reduction in both spherical and cylindrical refractive errors with good predictability was reported in both groups compared with preoperative values. Regarding the predictability, In T-ICL group (A), the median spherical and cylindrical errors were significantly improved from (-10 D & -4.5 D) pre-operatively to (-0.25 D & - 0.3 D) at the end of 9 months follow up period. Similarly, in the toric IPCL group (B), the median spherical and cylindrical errors were significantly improved from (-11 D & -4.5 D) pre-operatively to (-0.25 D & - 0.3 D) at the end of 9 months follow up period. A statistically significant improvement of UCDVA at 9 months postoperatively was found in both groups, as median preoperative Log Mar UCDVA was 1.1 and 1.3 in groups A and B respectively, which was significantly improved to 0.2 in both groups at the end of follow-up period. Regarding IOP, no significant difference was found between both groups, either pre-operatively or during the postoperative period. Regarding the endothelial count, no significant differences were found during the pre-operative and postoperative follow-up periods between the two groups. Fortunately, no intra or postoperative complications as cataract, keratitis or lens decentration had occurred. Conclusions: Toric IPCL is a suitable alternative to T-ICL for the management of high myopia with astigmatism, especially in developing countries, as it is cheaper and easier for implantation than T-ICL. However, data over longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm its safety and stability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T-ICL" title="T-ICL">T-ICL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toric%20IPCL" title="Toric IPCL">Toric IPCL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IOP" title=" IOP"> IOP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corneal%20endothelium" title=" corneal endothelium"> corneal endothelium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143831/clinical-outcomes-of-toric-implantable-collamer-lens-t-icl-and-toric-implantable-phakic-contact-lens-ipcl-for-correction-of-high-myopia-with-astigmatism-comparative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143831.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2328</span> Human Lens Metabolome: A Combined LC-MS and NMR Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vadim%20V.%20Yanshole">Vadim V. Yanshole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lyudmila%20V.%20Yanshole"> Lyudmila V. Yanshole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexey%20S.%20Kiryutin"> Alexey S. Kiryutin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timofey%20D.%20Verkhovod"> Timofey D. Verkhovod</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuri%20P.%20Tsentalovich"> Yuri P. Tsentalovich</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cataract, or clouding of the eye lens, is the leading cause of vision impairment in the world. The lens tissue have very specific structure: It does not have vascular system, the lens proteins – crystallins – do not turnover throughout lifespan. The protection of lens proteins is provided by the metabolites which diffuse inside the lens from the aqueous humor or synthesized in the lens epithelial layer. Therefore, the study of changes in the metabolite composition of a cataractous lens as compared to a normal lens may elucidate the possible mechanisms of the cataract formation. Quantitative metabolomic profiles of normal and cataractous human lenses were obtained with the combined use of high-frequency nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass-spectrometric detection (LC-MS) methods. The quantitative content of more than fifty metabolites has been determined in this work for normal aged and cataractous human lenses. The most abundant metabolites in the normal lens are myo-inositol, lactate, creatine, glutathione, glutamate, and glucose. For the majority of metabolites, their levels in the lens cortex and nucleus are similar, with the few exceptions including antioxidants and UV filters: The concentrations of glutathione, ascorbate and NAD in the lens nucleus decrease as compared to the cortex, while the levels of the secondary UV filters formed from primary UV filters in redox processes increase. That confirms that the lens core is metabolically inert, and the metabolic activity in the lens nucleus is mostly restricted by protection from the oxidative stress caused by UV irradiation, UV filter spontaneous decomposition, or other factors. It was found that the metabolomic composition of normal and age-matched cataractous human lenses differ significantly. The content of the most important metabolites – antioxidants, UV filters, and osmolytes – in the cataractous nucleus is at least ten fold lower than in the normal nucleus. One may suppose that the majority of these metabolites are synthesized in the lens epithelial layer, and that age-related cataractogenesis might originate from the dysfunction of the lens epithelial cells. Comprehensive quantitative metabolic profiles of the human eye lens have been acquired for the first time. The obtained data can be used for the analysis of changes in the lens chemical composition occurring with age and with the cataract development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cataract" title="cataract">cataract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lens" title=" lens"> lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NMR" title=" NMR"> NMR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LC-MS" title=" LC-MS"> LC-MS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolome" title=" metabolome"> metabolome</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25437/human-lens-metabolome-a-combined-lc-ms-and-nmr-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25437.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2327</span> Analysis of Contact Width and Contact Stress of Three-Layer Corrugated Metal Gasket</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Made%20Gatot%20Karohika">I. Made Gatot Karohika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shigeyuki%20Haruyama"> Shigeyuki Haruyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ken%20Kaminishi"> Ken Kaminishi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oke%20Oktavianty"> Oke Oktavianty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Didik%20Nurhadiyanto"> Didik Nurhadiyanto </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Contact width and contact stress are important parameters related to the leakage behavior of corrugated metal gasket. In this study, contact width and contact stress of three-layer corrugated metal gasket are investigated due to the modulus of elasticity and thickness of surface layer for 2 type gasket (0-MPa and 400-MPa mode). A finite element method was employed to develop simulation solution to analysis the effect of each parameter. The result indicated that lowering the modulus of elasticity ratio of surface layer will result in better contact width but the average contact stresses are smaller. When the modulus of elasticity ratio is held constant with thickness ratio increase, its contact width has an increscent trend otherwise the average contact stress has decreased trend. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20width" title="contact width">contact width</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20stress" title=" contact stress"> contact stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer" title=" layer"> layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20gasket" title=" metal gasket"> metal gasket</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrugated" title=" corrugated"> corrugated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64226/analysis-of-contact-width-and-contact-stress-of-three-layer-corrugated-metal-gasket" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64226.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2326</span> A Mathematical Model for 3-DOF Rotary Accuracy Measurement Method Based on a Ball Lens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hau-Wei%20Lee">Hau-Wei Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Chi%20Liu"> Yu-Chi Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Hung%20Liu"> Chien-Hung Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A mathematical model is presented for a system that measures rotational errors in a shaft using a ball lens. The geometric optical characteristics of the ball lens mounted on the shaft allows the measurement of rotation axis errors in both the radial and axial directions. The equipment used includes two quadrant detectors (QD), two laser diodes and a ball lens that is mounted on the rotating shaft to be evaluated. Rotational errors in the shaft cause changes in the optical geometry of the ball lens. The resulting deflection of the laser beams is detected by the QDs and their output signals are used to determine rotational errors. The radial and the axial rotational errors can be calculated as explained by the mathematical model. Results from system calibration show that the measurement error is within ±1 m and resolution is about 20 nm. Using a direct drive motor (DD motor) as an example, experimental results show a rotational error of less than 20 m. The most important features of this system are that it does not require the use of expensive optical components, it is small, very easy to set up, and measurements are highly accurate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ball%20lens" title="ball lens">ball lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadrant%20detector" title=" quadrant detector"> quadrant detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial%20error" title=" axial error"> axial error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radial%20error" title=" radial error"> radial error</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26125/a-mathematical-model-for-3-dof-rotary-accuracy-measurement-method-based-on-a-ball-lens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26125.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">473</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2325</span> Graphene-Based Reconfigurable Lens Antenna for 5G/6G and Satellite Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andr%C3%A9%20Lages">André Lages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Dmitriev"> Victor Dmitriev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juliano%20Bazzo"> Juliano Bazzo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gianni%20Portela"> Gianni Portela</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work evaluates the feasibility of the graphene application to perform as a wideband reconfigurable material for lens antennas in 5G/6G and satellite applications. Based on transformation optics principles, the electromagnetic waves can be efficiently guided by modifying the effective refractive index. Graphene behavior can range between a lossy dielectric and a good conductor due to the variation of its chemical potential bias, thus arising as a promising solution for electromagnetic devices. The graphene properties and a lens antenna comprising multiples layers and periodic arrangements of graphene patches were analyzed using full-wave simulations. A dipole directivity was improved from 7 to 18.5 dBi at 29 GHz. In addition, the realized gain was enhanced 7 dB across a 14 GHz bandwidth within the Ka/5G band. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5G%2F6G" title="5G/6G">5G/6G</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title=" graphene"> graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lens" title=" lens"> lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconfigurable" title=" reconfigurable"> reconfigurable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellite" title=" satellite"> satellite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121554/graphene-based-reconfigurable-lens-antenna-for-5g6g-and-satellite-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121554.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2324</span> Quantitative Phase Imaging System Based on a Three-Lens Common-Path Interferometer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Machikhin">Alexander Machikhin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olga%20Polschikova"> Olga Polschikova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vitold%20Pozhar"> Vitold Pozhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alina%20Ramazanova"> Alina Ramazanova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> White-light quantitative phase imaging is an effective technique for achieving sub-nanometer phase sensitivity. Highly stable interferometers based on common-path geometry have been developed in recent years to solve this task. Some of these methods also apply multispectral approach. The purpose of this research is to suggest a simple and effective interferometer for such systems. We developed a three-lens common-path interferometer, which can be used for quantitative phase imaging with or without multispectral modality. The lens system consists of two components, the first one of which is a compound lens, consisting of two lenses. A pinhole is placed between the components. The lens-in-lens approach enables effective light transmission and high stability of the interferometer. The multispectrality is easily implemented by placing a tunable filter in front of the interferometer. In our work, we used an acousto-optical tunable filter. Some design considerations are discussed and multispectral quantitative phase retrieval is demonstrated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acousto-optical%20tunable%20filter" title="acousto-optical tunable filter">acousto-optical tunable filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=common-path%20interferometry" title=" common-path interferometry"> common-path interferometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20holography" title=" digital holography"> digital holography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multispectral%20quantitative%20phase%20imaging" title=" multispectral quantitative phase imaging"> multispectral quantitative phase imaging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85054/quantitative-phase-imaging-system-based-on-a-three-lens-common-path-interferometer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2323</span> Freeform Lens System for Collimation SERS irradiation Radiation Produced by Biolayers which Deposit on High Quality Resonant System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iuliia%20Riabenko">Iuliia Riabenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konstantin%20Beloshenko"> Konstantin Beloshenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergey%20Shulga"> Sergey Shulga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valeriy%20Shulga"> Valeriy Shulga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An optical system has been developed consisting of a TIR lens and an aspherical surface designed to collect Stokes radiation from biomolecules. The freeform material is SYLGARD-184, which provides a low level of noise associated with the luminescence of the substrate. The refractive index of SYLGARD-184 is 1.4028 for a wavelength of 632 nm, the Abbe number is 72, these material parameters make it possible to design the desired shape for the wavelength range of 640-700 nm. The system consists of a TIR lens, inside which is placed a high-quality resonant system consisting of a biomolecule and a metal colloid. This system can be described using the coupled oscillator model. The laser excitation radiation was fed through the base of the TIR lens. The sample was mounted inside the TIR lens at a distance of 8 mm from the base. As a result of Raman scattering of laser radiation, a Stokes bend appeared from the biolayer. The task of this work was that it was necessary to collect this radiation emitted at a 4π steradian angle. For this, an internal aspherical surface was used, which made it possible to defocus the beam emanating from the biolayer and direct its radiation to the borders of the TIR lens at the Brewster angle. The collated beam of Stokes radiation contains 97% of the energy scattered by the biolayer. Thus, a simple scheme was proposed for collecting and collimating the Stokes radiation of biomolecules. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TIR%20lens" title="TIR lens">TIR lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freeform%20material" title=" freeform material"> freeform material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=raman%20scattering" title=" raman scattering"> raman scattering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biolayer" title=" biolayer"> biolayer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brewster%20angle" title=" brewster angle"> brewster angle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158241/freeform-lens-system-for-collimation-sers-irradiation-radiation-produced-by-biolayers-which-deposit-on-high-quality-resonant-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2322</span> Ruthenium Based Nanoscale Contact Coatings for Magnetically Controlled MEMS Switches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergey%20M.%20Karabanov">Sergey M. Karabanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmitry%20V.%20Suvorov"> Dmitry V. Suvorov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Magnetically controlled microelectromechanical system (MCMEMS) switches is one of the directions in the field of micropower switching technology. MCMEMS switches are a promising alternative to Hall sensors and reed switches. The most important parameter for MCMEMS is the contact resistance, which should have a minimum value and is to be stable for the entire duration of service life. The value and stability of the contact resistance is mainly determined by the contact coating material. This paper presents the research results of a contact coating based on nanoscale ruthenium films obtained by electrolytic deposition. As a result of the performed investigations, the deposition modes of ruthenium films are chosen, the regularities of the contact resistance change depending on the number of contact switching, and the coating roughness are established. It is shown that changing the coating roughness makes it possible to minimize the contact resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20resistance" title="contact resistance">contact resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrode%20coating" title=" electrode coating"> electrode coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrolytic%20deposition" title=" electrolytic deposition"> electrolytic deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetically%20controlled%20MEMS" title=" magnetically controlled MEMS"> magnetically controlled MEMS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99675/ruthenium-based-nanoscale-contact-coatings-for-magnetically-controlled-mems-switches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99675.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2321</span> Laser Beam Bending via Lenses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Remzi%20Yildirim">Remzi Yildirim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatih.%20V.%20%C3%87elebi"> Fatih. V. Çelebi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Haldun%20G%C3%B6kta%C5%9F"> H. Haldun Göktaş</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Behzat%20%C5%9Eahin"> A. Behzat Şahin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is about a single component cylindrical structured lens with gradient curve which we used for bending laser beams. It operates under atmospheric conditions and bends the laser beam independent of temperature, pressure, polarity, polarization, magnetic field, electric field, radioactivity, and gravity. A single piece cylindrical lens that can bend laser beams is invented. Lenses are made of transparent, tinted or colored glasses and used for undermining or absorbing the energy of the laser beams. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser" title="laser">laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending" title=" bending"> bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lens" title=" lens"> lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light" title=" light"> light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20optics" title=" nonlinear optics"> nonlinear optics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22254/laser-beam-bending-via-lenses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22254.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2320</span> Laser Light Bending via Lenses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Remzi%20Yildirim">Remzi Yildirim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatih%20V.%20%C3%87elebi"> Fatih V. Çelebi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Haldun%20G%C3%B6kta%C5%9F"> H. Haldun Göktaş</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Behzat%20%C5%9Eahin"> A. Behzat Şahin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is about a single component cylindrical structured lens with gradient curve which we used for bending laser beams. It operates under atmospheric conditions and bends the laser beam independent of temperature, pressure, polarity, polarization, magnetic field, electric field, radioactivity, and gravity. A single piece cylindrical lens that can bend laser beams is invented. Lenses are made of transparent, tinted or colored glasses and used for undermining or absorbing the energy of the laser beams. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser" title="laser">laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending" title=" bending"> bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lens" title=" lens"> lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light" title=" light"> light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20optics" title=" nonlinear optics"> nonlinear optics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22251/laser-light-bending-via-lenses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">703</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2319</span> Development of 25A-Size Three-Layer Metal Gasket by Using FEM Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shigeyuki%20Haruyama">Shigeyuki Haruyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I%20Made%20Gatot%20Karohika"> I Made Gatot Karohika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akinori%20Sato"> Akinori Sato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Didik%20Nurhadiyanto"> Didik Nurhadiyanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ken%20Kaminishi"> Ken Kaminishi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Contact width and contact stress are important design parameters for optimizing corrugated metal gasket performance based on elastic and plastic contact stress. In this study, we used a three-layer metal gasket with Al, Cu, Ni as the outer layer, respectively. A finite element method was employed to develop simulation solution. The gasket model was simulated by using two simulation stages which are forming and tightening simulation. The simulation result shows that aluminum with tangent modulus, Ehal = Eal/150 has the highest slope for contact width. The slope of contact width for plastic mode gasket was higher than the elastic mode gasket. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20width" title="contact width">contact width</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20stress" title=" contact stress"> contact stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer" title=" layer"> layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20gasket" title=" metal gasket"> metal gasket</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrugated" title=" corrugated"> corrugated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42429/development-of-25a-size-three-layer-metal-gasket-by-using-fem-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">527</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2318</span> Freshwater Lens Observation: Case Study of Laura Island, Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuhisa%20Koda">Kazuhisa Koda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsutomu%20Kobayashi"> Tsutomu Kobayashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rebecca%20Lorennji"> Rebecca Lorennji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alington%20Robert"> Alington Robert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halston%20DeBrum"> Halston DeBrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julious%20Lucky"> Julious Lucky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Paul"> Paul Paul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Atolls are low-lying small islands with highly permeable ground that does not allow rivers and lakes to develop. As the water resources on these atolls basically rely on precipitation, groundwater becomes a very important water resource during droughts. Freshwater lenses develop as groundwater on relatively large atoll islands and play a key role in the stable water supply. Atoll islands in the Pacific Ocean sometimes suffer from drought due to El Nino. The global warming effects are noticeable, particularly on atoll islands. The Republic of the Marshall Islands in Oceania is burdened with the problems common to atoll islands. About half of its population lives in the capital, Majuro, and securing water resources for these people is a crucial issue. There is a freshwater lens on the largest, Laura Island, which serves as a water source for the downtown area. A serious drought that occurred in 1998 resulted in excessive water intake from the freshwater lens on Laura Island causing up-coning. Up-coning mixes saltwater into groundwater pumped from water-intake wells. Because up-coning makes the freshwater lens unusable, there was a need to investigate the freshwater lens on Laura Island. In this study, we observed the electrical conductivities of the groundwater at different depths in existing monitoring wells to determine the total storage volume of the freshwater lens on Laura Island from 2010 to 2013. Our results indicated that most of the groundwater that seeped into the freshwater lens had flowed out into the sea. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atoll%20islands" title="Atoll islands">Atoll islands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drought" title=" drought"> drought</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El-Nino" title=" El-Nino"> El-Nino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freshwater%20lens" title=" freshwater lens"> freshwater lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater%20observation" title=" groundwater observation"> groundwater observation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56405/freshwater-lens-observation-case-study-of-laura-island-majuro-atoll-republic-of-the-marshall-islands" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56405.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2317</span> Linear Complementary Based Approach for Unilateral Frictional Contact between Wheel and Beam</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muskaan%20Sethi">Muskaan Sethi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arnab%20Banerjee"> Arnab Banerjee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bappaditya%20Manna"> Bappaditya Manna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper aims to investigate a suitable contact between a wheel rolling over a flexible beam. A Linear Complementary (LCP) based approach has been adopted to simulate the contact dynamics for a rigid wheel traversing over a flexible Euler Bernoulli simply supported beam. The adopted methodology is suitable to incorporate the effect of frictional force acting at the wheel-beam interface. Moreover, the possibility of the generation of a gap between the two bodies has also been considered. The present method is based on a unilateral contact assumption which assumes that no penetration would occur when the two bodies come in contact. This assumption helps to predict the contact between wheels and beams in a more practical sense. The proposed methodology is validated with the previously published results and is found to be in good agreement. Further, this method is applied to simulate the contact between wheels and beams for various railway configurations. Moreover, different parametric studies are conducted to study the contact dynamics between the wheel and beam more thoroughly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20dynamics" title="contact dynamics">contact dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20complementary%20problem" title=" linear complementary problem"> linear complementary problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=railway%20dynamics" title=" railway dynamics"> railway dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unilateral%20contact" title=" unilateral contact"> unilateral contact</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156705/linear-complementary-based-approach-for-unilateral-frictional-contact-between-wheel-and-beam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156705.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2316</span> Scaling Analysis of the Contact Line and Capillary Interaction Induced by a Floating Tilted Cylinder</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ShiQing%20Gao">ShiQing Gao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XingYi%20Zhang"> XingYi Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=YouHe%20Zhou"> YouHe Zhou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When a floating tilted cylinder pierces a fluid interface, the fulfilment of constant-contact-angle condition along the cylinder results in shift, stretch and distortion of the contact line, thus leading to a capillary interaction. We perform an investigation of the scaling dependence of tilt angle, contact angle, and cylinder radius on the contact line profile and the corresponding capillary interaction by numerical simulation and experiment. Characterized by three characteristic parameters respectively, the dependences for each deformation mode are systematically analyzed. Both the experiment and simulation reveals an invariant structure that is independent of contact angle and radius to characterize the stretch of the contact line for every tilted case. Based on this observation, we then propose a general capillary force scaling law to incredibly grasp all the simulated results, by simply approximating the contact line profile as tilted ellipse. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas-liquid%2Fliquid-fluid%20interface" title="gas-liquid/liquid-fluid interface">gas-liquid/liquid-fluid interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colloidal%20particle" title=" colloidal particle"> colloidal particle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20line%20shape" title=" contact line shape"> contact line shape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capillary%20interaction" title=" capillary interaction"> capillary interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20evolver%20%28SE%29" title=" surface evolver (SE)"> surface evolver (SE)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53570/scaling-analysis-of-the-contact-line-and-capillary-interaction-induced-by-a-floating-tilted-cylinder" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53570.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2315</span> 3D Simulation of the Twin-Aperture IRON Superconducting Quadrupole for Charm-Tau Factory </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20K.%20Riabchenko">K. K. Riabchenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20V%20Rybitskaya"> T. V Rybitskaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Starostenko"> A. A. Starostenko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sper Charm-Tau Factory is a double ring e+e- collider to be operated in the center-of-mass energy range from 2 to 6 GeV, with a peak luminosity of about 1035 cm-2s-1 (Crab Waist collision) and with longitudinally polarized electrons at the IP (interaction point). One of the important elements of the cτ-factory is the superconducting two-aperture quadrupole of the final focus. It was decided to make a full-scale prototype quadrupole. The main objectives of our study included: 1) 3D modeling of the quadrupole in the Opera program, 2) Optimization of the geometry of the quadrupole lens, 3) Study of the influence of magnetic properties and geometry of a quadrupole on integral harmonics. In addition to this, the ways of producing unwanted harmonics have been studied. In the course of this work, a 3D model of a two-aperture iron superconducting quadrupole lens was created. A three-dimensional simulation of the magnetic field was performed, and the geometrical parameters of the lens were selected. Calculations helped to find sources of possible errors and methods for correcting unwanted harmonics. In addition to this, calculations show that there are no obstacles to the production of a prototype lens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=super%20c%CF%84-factory" title="super cτ-factory">super cτ-factory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=final%20focus" title=" final focus"> final focus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=twin%20aperture%20quadrupole%20lens" title=" twin aperture quadrupole lens"> twin aperture quadrupole lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integral%20harmonics" title=" integral harmonics"> integral harmonics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109778/3d-simulation-of-the-twin-aperture-iron-superconducting-quadrupole-for-charm-tau-factory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109778.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2314</span> Social Contact Patterns among School-Age Children in Taiwan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dih%20Ling%20Luh">Dih Ling Luh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhi%20Shih%20You"> Zhi Shih You</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Szu%20Chieh%20Chen"> Szu Chieh Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Social contact patterns among school-age children play an important role in the epidemiology of infectious disease. Since many of the greatest threats to human health are spread by direct person-to-person contact, understanding the spread of respiratory pathogens and patterns of human interactions are public health priorities. This study used social contact diaries to compare the number of contacts per day per participant across different flu/non-flu seasons and weekend/weekday. We also present contact properties such as sex, age, masking, setting, frequency, duration, and contact types among school-age children (grades 7–8). The sample size with pair-wise comparisons for the seasons (flu/non-flu) and stratification by location were 54 and 83, respectively. There was no difference in the number of contacts during the flu and non-flu seasons, with averages of 16.3 (S.D. = 12.9) and 14.6 (S.D. = 9.5) people, respectively. Weekdays were associated with 23% and 28% more contacts than weekend days during the non-flu and flu seasons, respectively (p < 0.001) (Wilcoxon signed-rank test). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20patterns" title="contact patterns">contact patterns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior" title=" behavior"> behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influenza" title=" influenza"> influenza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20mixing" title=" social mixing"> social mixing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42689/social-contact-patterns-among-school-age-children-in-taiwan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42689.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2313</span> Sustainable Use of Laura Lens during Drought</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuhisa%20Koda">Kazuhisa Koda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsutomu%20Kobayashi"> Tsutomu Kobayashi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Laura Island, which is located about 50 km away from downtown, is a source of water supply in Majuro atoll, which is the capital of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Low and flat Majuro atoll has neither river nor lake. It is very important for Majuro atoll to ensure the conservation of its water resources. However, up-coning, which is the process of partial rising of the freshwater-saltwater boundary near the water-supply well, was caused by the excess pumping from it during the severe drought in 1998. Up-coning will make the water usage of the freshwater lens difficult. Thus, appropriate water usage is required to prevent up-coning in the freshwater lens because there is no other water source during drought. Numerical simulation of water usage applying SEAWAT model was conducted at the central part of Laura Island, including the water-supply well, which was affected by up-coning. The freshwater lens was created as a result of infiltration of consistent average rainfall. The lens shape was almost the same as the one in 1985. 0 of monthly rainfall and variable daily pump discharge were used to calculate the sustainable pump discharge from the water-supply well. Consequently, the total amount of pump discharge was increased as the daily pump discharge was increased, indicating that it needs more time to recover from up-coning. Thus, a pump standard to reduce the pump intensity is being proposed, which is based on numerical simulation concerning the occurrence of the up-coning phenomenon in Laura Island during the drought. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freshwater%20lens" title="freshwater lens">freshwater lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islands" title=" islands"> islands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20water%20use" title=" sustainable water use"> sustainable water use</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37678/sustainable-use-of-laura-lens-during-drought" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37678.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2312</span> Preliminary Study of Gold Nanostars/Enhanced Filter for Keratitis Microorganism Raman Fingerprint Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi-Chang%20Lin">Chi-Chang Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian-Rong%20Wu"> Jian-Rong Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiun-Yan%20Chiu"> Jiun-Yan Chiu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Myopia, ubiquitous symptom that is necessary to correct the eyesight by optical lens struggles many people for their daily life. Recent years, younger people raise interesting on using contact lens because of its convenience and aesthetics. In clinical, the risk of eye infections increases owing to the behavior of incorrectly using contact lens unsupervised cleaning which raising the infection risk of cornea, named ocular keratitis. In order to overcome the identification needs, new detection or analysis method with rapid and more accurate identification for clinical microorganism is importantly needed. In our study, we take advantage of Raman spectroscopy having unique fingerprint for different functional groups as the distinct and fast examination tool on microorganism. As we know, Raman scatting signals are normally too weak for the detection, especially in biological field. Here, we applied special SERS enhancement substrates to generate higher Raman signals. SERS filter we designed in this article that prepared by deposition of silver nanoparticles directly onto cellulose filter surface and suspension nanoparticles - gold nanostars (AuNSs) also be introduced together to achieve better enhancement for lower concentration analyte (i.e., various bacteria). Research targets also focusing on studying the shape effect of synthetic AuNSs, needle-like surface morphology may possible creates more hot-spot for getting higher SERS enhance ability. We utilized new designed SERS technology to distinguish the bacteria from ocular keratitis under strain level, and specific Raman and SERS fingerprint were grouped under pattern recognition process. We reported a new method combined different SERS substrates can be applied for clinical microorganism detection under strain level with simple, rapid preparation and low cost. Our presenting SERS technology not only shows the great potential for clinical bacteria detection but also can be used for environmental pollution and food safety analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria" title="bacteria">bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20nanostars" title=" gold nanostars"> gold nanostars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raman%20spectroscopy%20surface-enhanced%20Raman%20scattering%20filter" title=" Raman spectroscopy surface-enhanced Raman scattering filter"> Raman spectroscopy surface-enhanced Raman scattering filter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90342/preliminary-study-of-gold-nanostarsenhanced-filter-for-keratitis-microorganism-raman-fingerprint-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90342.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2311</span> The Influence of Contact Models on Discrete Element Modeling of the Ballast Layer Subjected to Cyclic Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peyman%20Aela">Peyman Aela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lu%20Zong"> Lu Zong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guoqing%20Jing"> Guoqing Jing</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, there has been growing interest in numerical modeling of ballast railway tracks. A commonly used mechanistic modeling approach for ballast is the discrete element method (DEM). Up to now, the effects of the contact model on ballast particle behavior have not been precisely examined. In this regard, selecting the appropriate contact model is mainly associated with the particle characteristics and the loading condition. Since ballast is cohesionless material, different contact models, including the linear spring, Hertz-Mindlin, and Hysteretic models, could be used to calculate particle-particle or wall-particle contact forces. Moreover, the simulation of a dynamic test is vital to investigate the effect of damping parameters on the ballast deformation. In this study, ballast box tests were simulated by DEM to examine the influence of different contact models on the mechanical behavior of the ballast layer under cyclic loading. This paper shows how the contact model can affect the deformation and damping of a ballast layer subjected to cyclic loading in a ballast box. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ballast" title="ballast">ballast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20model" title=" contact model"> contact model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20loading" title=" cyclic loading"> cyclic loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DEM" title=" DEM"> DEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131827/the-influence-of-contact-models-on-discrete-element-modeling-of-the-ballast-layer-subjected-to-cyclic-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2310</span> Development of Transparent Nano-Structured Super-Hydrophobic Coating on Glass and Evaluation of Anti-Dust Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhilasha%20Mishra">Abhilasha Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neha%20Bhatt"> Neha Bhatt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Super-hydrophobicity is an effect in which a surface roughness and chemical composition are combined to produce unusual water and dust repellent surface. The super-hydrophobic surface is widely used in many applications such as windshields of the automobile, aircraft, lens, solar cells, roofing, boat hull, paints, etc. Four coating solutions were prepared by varying compositions of 1,1,1,3,3,3 hexametyldisilazane (HDMS) and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) sol. These solutions were coated on glass slides by a spin coating method and etched at a high temperature ranging 250 -350 oC. All the coatings were studied for its different properties like water repellent, anti-dust, and transparency and contact angle measurements. Stability of coatings was also studied with respect to temperature, external environment, and pH. It was found that all coatings impart a significant super-hydrophobicity on a glass surface with contact angle ranging from 156o to 162o and have good stability in the external environment. The results of the different coatings were observed and compared with each other. On increasing layers of coatings the super-hydrophobicity and anti-dust properties increases but after 3 coatings the transparency of coating starts decreasing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=super-hydrophobic" title="super-hydrophobic">super-hydrophobic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20angle" title=" contact angle"> contact angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coating" title=" coating"> coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-dust" title=" anti-dust"> anti-dust</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95178/development-of-transparent-nano-structured-super-hydrophobic-coating-on-glass-and-evaluation-of-anti-dust-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2309</span> Simulation and Fabrication of Plasmonic Lens for Bacteria Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sangwoo%20Oh">Sangwoo Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaewoo%20Kim"> Jaewoo Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongmin%20Seo"> Dongmin Seo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaewon%20Park"> Jaewon Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongha%20Hwang"> Yongha Hwang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sungkyu%20Seo"> Sungkyu Seo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plasmonics has been regarded one of the most powerful bio-sensing modalities to evaluate bio-molecular interactions in real-time. However, most of the plasmonic sensing methods are based on labeling metallic nanoparticles, e.g. gold or silver, as optical modulation markers, which are non-recyclable and expensive. This plasmonic modulation can be usually achieved through various nano structures, e.g., nano-hole arrays. Among those structures, plasmonic lens has been regarded as a unique plasmonic structure due to its light focusing characteristics. In this study, we introduce a custom designed plasmonic lens array for bio-sensing, which was simulated by finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) approach and fabricated by top-down approach. In our work, we performed the FDTD simulations of various plasmonic lens designs for bacteria sensor, i.e., Samonella and Hominis. We optimized the design parameters, i.e., radius, shape, and material, of the plasmonic lens. The simulation results showed the change in the peak intensity value with the introduction of each bacteria and antigen i.e., peak intensity 1.8711 a.u. with the introduction of antibody layer of thickness of 15nm. For Salmonella, the peak intensity changed from 1.8711 a.u. to 2.3654 a.u. and for Hominis, the peak intensity changed from 1.8711 a.u. to 3.2355 a.u. This significant shift in the intensity due to the interaction between bacteria and antigen showed a promising sensing capability of the plasmonic lens. With the batch processing and bulk production of this nano scale design, the cost of biological sensing can be significantly reduced, holding great promise in the fields of clinical diagnostics and bio-defense. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasmonic%20lens" title="plasmonic lens">plasmonic lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FDTD" title=" FDTD"> FDTD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fabrication" title=" fabrication"> fabrication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria%20sensor" title=" bacteria sensor"> bacteria sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salmonella" title=" salmonella"> salmonella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hominis" title=" hominis"> hominis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57412/simulation-and-fabrication-of-plasmonic-lens-for-bacteria-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2308</span> The Contact Behaviors of Seals Under Combined Normal and Tangential Loading: A Multiscale Finite Element Contact Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Runliang%20Wang">Runliang Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianhua%20Liu"> Jianhua Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Duo%20Jia"> Duo Jia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoyu%20Ding"> Xiaoyu Ding</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The contact between sealing surfaces plays a vital role in guaranteeing the sealing performance of various seals. To date, analyses of sealing structures have rarely considered both structural parameters (macroscale) and surface roughness information (microscale) of sealing surfaces due to the complex modeling process. Meanwhile, most of the contact analyses applied to seals were conducted only under normal loading, which still existssome distance from real loading conditions in engineering. In this paper, a multiscale rough contact model, which took both macrostructural parameters of seals and surface roughness information of sealing surfaces into consideration for the cone-cone seal, was established. By using the finite element method (FEM), the combined normal and tangential loading was applied to the model to simulate the assembly process of the cone-cone seal. The evolution of the contact behaviors during the assembly process, such as the real contact area (RCA), the distribution of contact pressure, and contact status, are studied in detail. The results showed the non-linear relationship between the RCA and the load, which was different from the normal loading cases. In addition, the evolution of the real contact area of cone-cone seals with isotropic and anisotropic rough surfaces are also compared quantitatively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20mechanics" title="contact mechanics">contact mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title=" FEM"> FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=randomly%20rough%20surface" title=" randomly rough surface"> randomly rough surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20contact%20area" title=" real contact area"> real contact area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sealing" title=" sealing"> sealing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140262/the-contact-behaviors-of-seals-under-combined-normal-and-tangential-loading-a-multiscale-finite-element-contact-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140262.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20lens&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20lens&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20lens&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20lens&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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