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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1881_founding_to_1929" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1881_founding_to_1929"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1881 founding to 1929</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1881_founding_to_1929-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1930_to_1990" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1930_to_1990"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1930 to 1990</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1930_to_1990-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Recent development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seiko_Group" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seiko_Group"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Seiko Group</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Seiko_Group-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Seiko Group subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Seiko_Group-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subsidiaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsidiaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Subsidiaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subsidiaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marketing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marketing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Marketing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Marketing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Marketing subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Marketing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Seiko_in_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seiko_in_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Seiko in the United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seiko_in_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brands_and_product_lines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brands_and_product_lines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Brands and product lines</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Brands_and_product_lines-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Brands and product lines subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Brands_and_product_lines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Seiko_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seiko_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Seiko 5</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seiko_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seiko_Lord_Matic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seiko_Lord_Matic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Seiko Lord Matic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seiko_Lord_Matic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seiko_Presage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seiko_Presage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Seiko Presage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seiko_Presage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seiko_Prospex" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seiko_Prospex"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Seiko Prospex</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seiko_Prospex-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grand_Seiko" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grand_Seiko"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Grand Seiko</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grand_Seiko-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Design_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.1</span> <span>Design style</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-King_Seiko" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#King_Seiko"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>King Seiko</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-King_Seiko-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Movements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Movements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Movements</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Movements-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Movements subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Movements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mechanical_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanical_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Mechanical movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanical_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quartz_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quartz_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Quartz movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quartz_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grand_Seiko_9F_quartz_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grand_Seiko_9F_quartz_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Grand Seiko 9F quartz movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grand_Seiko_9F_quartz_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spring_Drive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spring_Drive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Spring Drive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spring_Drive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sponsorships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sponsorships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sponsorships</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sponsorships-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sponsorships subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sponsorships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Official_timekeeper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_timekeeper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Official timekeeper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_timekeeper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Olympic_Games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Olympic_Games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Olympic Games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Olympic_Games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FIFA_World_Cup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FIFA_World_Cup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>FIFA World Cup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FIFA_World_Cup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IAAF_World_Championships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IAAF_World_Championships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.3</span> <span>IAAF World Championships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IAAF_World_Championships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tennis_tournaments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tennis_tournaments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.4</span> <span>Tennis tournaments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tennis_tournaments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_sponsorships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sponsorships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.5</span> <span>Other sponsorships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sponsorships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_and_footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_and_footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References and footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_and_footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Seiko</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88_(%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="سيكو (شركة يابانية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيكو (شركة يابانية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Seiko" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88_(%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA)" title="سیکو (شیرکت) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سیکو (شیرکت)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B" title="সিকো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সিকো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Seiko" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Seiko" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Seiko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Seiko" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Seiko" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Seiko" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Seiko" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Seiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88_(%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA)" title="سیکو (شرکت) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیکو (شرکت)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Seiko" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EC%9D%B4%EC%BD%94%ED%99%80%EB%94%A9%EC%8A%A4" title="세이코홀딩스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세이코홀딩스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Seiko" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Seiko" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95" title="סייקו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סייקו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Seiko" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Seiko" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Seiko" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Seiko" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97" title="セイコーグループ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セイコーグループ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Seiko" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Seiko" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Seiko" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Seiko" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Seiko" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8E%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%86" title="سێیکۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سێیکۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Seiko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Seiko" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Seiko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Seiko" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Seiko" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Seiko" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E5%B7%A5" title="精工 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Japanese manufacturing company</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Japanese company. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Seiko_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Seiko (disambiguation)">Seiko (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Seiko Group Corporation</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Seiko_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Seiko_logo.svg/220px-Seiko_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Seiko_logo.svg/330px-Seiko_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Seiko_logo.svg/440px-Seiko_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="98" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ginza_4-Chome_Crossing_2021-04-28.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ginza_4-Chome_Crossing_2021-04-28.jpg/250px-Ginza_4-Chome_Crossing_2021-04-28.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ginza_4-Chome_Crossing_2021-04-28.jpg/375px-Ginza_4-Chome_Crossing_2021-04-28.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ginza_4-Chome_Crossing_2021-04-28.jpg/500px-Ginza_4-Chome_Crossing_2021-04-28.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3927" data-file-height="2945" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Seiko's <a href="/wiki/Wako_(retailer)" title="Wako (retailer)">Wako</a> store in <a href="/wiki/Ginza" title="Ginza">Ginza</a> serves as the company's <a href="/wiki/Registered_office" title="Registered office">registered office</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native name</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">セイコーグループ株式会社</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">Romanized</a> name</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Seikō Gurūpu kabushiki gaisha</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>K. Hattori & Co. <span style="font-size:85%;">(1881-1917)</span></li><li>K. Hattori & Co., Ltd. <span style="font-size:85%;">(1917-1983)</span></li><li>Hattori Seiko Co., Ltd. <span style="font-size:85%;">(1983-1990)</span></li><li>Seiko Corporation <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990-2007)</span></li><li>Seiko Holdings Corporation <span style="font-size:85%;">(2007-2022)</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Stock_Exchange" title="Tokyo Stock Exchange">TYO</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.jpx.co.jp/tseHpFront/StockSearch.do?callJorEFlg=1&method=topsearch&topSearchStr=8050">8050</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">ISIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data">JP3414700009 <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322601?uselang=en#P946" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">Electronics</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Watchmaking" class="mw-redirect" title="Watchmaking">Watchmaking</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1881<span class="noprint">; 144 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1881</span>)</span> in <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%AB%C5%8D,_Tokyo" title="Chūō, Tokyo">Chūō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, Japan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Kintar%C5%8D_Hattori" title="Kintarō Hattori">Kintarō Hattori</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Ginza" title="Ginza">Ginza</a>, Chūō, Tokyo, Japan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shinji_Hattori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shinji Hattori (page does not exist)">Shinji Hattori</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%8D%E9%83%A8%E7%9C%9F%E4%BA%8C" class="extiw" title="jp:服部真二">jp</a>]</span> (<a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">chairman</a>, <a href="/wiki/CEO" class="mw-redirect" title="CEO">CEO</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akio_Naito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akio Naito (page does not exist)">Akio Naito</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">president</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Watch" title="Watch">Watches</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Clock" title="Clock">clocks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jewelry" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewelry">jewelry</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic device">electronic devices</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Printer_(computing)" title="Printer (computing)">printers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">musical instruments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lens" title="Lens">lenses</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">¥</a>276.8 billion</span> (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-NTTWP_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NTTWP-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap">¥14.7 billion</span> (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-NTTWP_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NTTWP-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap">¥3.4 billion</span> (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-NTTWP_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NTTWP-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap">¥376.3 billion</span> (2024)<sup id="cite_ref-NTTWP_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NTTWP-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap">¥149.1 billion</span> (2024)<sup id="cite_ref-NTTWP_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NTTWP-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data">Hattori family</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">11,740 (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-NTTWP_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NTTWP-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seiko_Instruments" title="Seiko Instruments">Seiko Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wako_(retailer)" title="Wako (retailer)">Wako</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seiko.co.jp/en">seiko.co.jp</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Seiko Group Corporation</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">セイコーグループ株式会社</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Seikō Gurūpu kabushiki gaisha</i></span>)</span>, commonly known as <b>Seiko</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">SAY</span>-koh</i></a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Japanese:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ja-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[seːkoː]</a></span>), is a <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> maker of watches, clocks, electronic devices, <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductors</a>, jewelry, and <a href="/wiki/Optics" title="Optics">optical products</a>. Founded in 1881 by <a href="/wiki/Kintar%C5%8D_Hattori" title="Kintarō Hattori">Kintarō Hattori</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, Seiko introduced the world's first commercial <a href="/wiki/Quartz_clock" title="Quartz clock">quartz wristwatch</a> in 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-ebner_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ebner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-seikow_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikow-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seiko is widely known for its wristwatches.<sup id="cite_ref-ft.com_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seiko, <a href="/wiki/Citizen_Watch" title="Citizen Watch">Citizen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rolex" title="Rolex">Rolex</a> are the only three <a href="/wiki/Watch" title="Watch">watch</a> companies considered to be <a href="/wiki/Vertical_integration" title="Vertical integration">vertically integrated</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seiko is able to design and develop all the components of a watch, as well as assemble, adjust, inspect and ship them in-house. Seiko's <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_watch" title="Mechanical watch">mechanical watches</a> consist of approximately 200 parts, and the company has the technology and production facilities to design and manufacture all of these parts in-house.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The company was incorporated (K. Hattori & Co., Ltd.) in 1917 and renamed Hattori Seiko Co., Ltd. in 1983 and Seiko Corporation in 1990. After reconstructing and creating its operating subsidiaries (such as Seiko Watch Corporation and Seiko Clock Inc.), it became a <a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">holding company</a> in 2001 and was renamed Seiko Holdings Corporation on July 1, 2007. Seiko Holdings Corporation was renamed Seiko Group Corporation as of October 1, 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seiko watches were originally produced by two different Hattori family companies (not subsidiaries of K. Hattori & Co); one was <a href="/wiki/Seikosha" title="Seikosha">Daini Seikosha Co.</a> (now known as Seiko Instruments Inc., a subsidiary of Seiko Holdings since 2009) and the other was <a href="/wiki/Seikosha" title="Seikosha">Suwa Seikosha Co.</a> (now known as Seiko Epson Corporation, an independent publicly traded company). Having two companies both producing the same brand of watch enabled Seiko to improve technology through <a href="/wiki/Competition_(companies)" class="mw-redirect" title="Competition (companies)">competition</a> and hedge <a href="/wiki/Risk_management" title="Risk management">risk</a>. It also reduced risk of production problems, since one company can increase production in the case of decreased production in the other parties. Seiko remains as one of the world's most recognised watchmaking brands.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At present, quartz and <a href="/wiki/Spring_Drive" title="Spring Drive">Spring Drive</a> watches are manufactured in <a href="/wiki/Shiojiri,_Nagano" title="Shiojiri, Nagano">Shiojiri, Nagano</a> (<a href="/wiki/Epson" title="Epson">Epson</a>), and mechanical watches in <a href="/wiki/Shizukuishi,_Iwate" class="mw-redirect" title="Shizukuishi, Iwate">Shizukuishi, Iwate</a> (Morioka Seiko Instruments). Some of the watches exported abroad, such as the Seiko 5, are also manufactured in <a href="/wiki/Ninohe,_Iwate" title="Ninohe, Iwate">Ninohe, Iwate</a>, by Ninohe Tokei Kogyo (established in 1974 as a parts factory for Seiko).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1881_founding_to_1929">1881 founding to 1929</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1881 founding to 1929"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K._Hattori.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/K._Hattori.jpg/220px-K._Hattori.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/K._Hattori.jpg/330px-K._Hattori.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/K._Hattori.jpg 2x" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of <a href="/wiki/Kintar%C5%8D_Hattori" title="Kintarō Hattori">Kintarō Hattori</a>, 1916</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1881, Seiko founder Kintarō Hattori opened a watch and jewelry shop called "K. Hattori" (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">服部時計店</span></span>) in Tokyo.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kintarō Hattori had been working as clockmaker apprentice since the age of 13, with multiple stints in different watch shops, such as “Kobayashi Clock Shop”, run by an expert technician named Seijiro Sakurai; “Kameda Clock Shop” in Nihonbashi; and “Sakata Clock Shop” in Ueno, where he learned how to both sell and repair timepieces. </p><p>Around the time of Seiko's founding, watchmakers in Tokyo, <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a> were studying and producing <a href="/wiki/Pocket_watch" title="Pocket watch">pocket watches</a> based on Western products. Japanese wholesalers needed to purchase all the imported timepieces from foreign trading companies established in Yokohama, Kobe, and other open port areas.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1885, Hattori began dealing directly with these foreign trading firms in the Yokohama settlement focused on the wholesaling and retailing of western (imported) timepieces and machinery.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over the years, Hattori developed a close partnership with multiple foreign trading firms, including C&J Favre-Brandt, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Perregaux" title="François Perregaux">F. Perregaux & Co.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zanuti" title="Zanuti">Zanuti & Cie.</a> and <a href="/wiki/DKSH" title="DKSH">Siber & Brennwald</a>, allowing him to obtain exclusive imported timepieces and machinery, which was not available elsewhere at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hattori's shop became increasingly popular due to the rarity of the imported watches the shop was selling, which couldn't be found anywhere else in Japan. The growing success allowed him to relocate the company to the main street of <a href="/wiki/Ginza" title="Ginza">Ginza</a> (Tokyo), still the epicenter of commerce in Japan to this day. </p><p>In 1891, 10 years after the establishment of K. Hattori & Co., the 31-year-old Kintaro was appointed director of the Tokyo Clockmaker and Watchmaker Association and member of Tokyo Chamber of Commerce. </p><p>In 1892, Hattori began to produce clocks under the name <a href="/wiki/Seikosha" title="Seikosha">Seikosha</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E5%B7%A5" class="extiw" title="wikt:精工">精工</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%88%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:舎">舎</a></span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Seikōsha</i></span>)</span>, meaning, roughly, "House of Exquisite Workmanship." According to Seiko's official company history, titled <i>A Journey In Time: The Remarkable Story of Seiko</i> (2003), Seiko is a Japanese word meaning "exquisite"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E5%B7%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:精巧">精巧</a></span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Seikō</i></span>)</span>; it is homophonous with the word for "success"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F" class="extiw" title="wikt:成功">成功</a></span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Seikō</i></span>)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1895, the watch dealer purchased the corner of Ginza 4-chome (the present-day location of <a href="/wiki/Wako_(retailer)" title="Wako (retailer)">WAKO</a>), and constructed a building with a clock tower (16 meters from top to bottom), setting up shop at the new address. </p><p>Seiko launched its first in-house pocket watch, the Timekeeper, in 1895; the first Japanese-made wristwatch, the Laurel, in 1913; and the first Seiko-branded wristwatch in 1924.<sup id="cite_ref-seikow_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikow-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In order to avoid an ill <a href="/wiki/Omen" title="Omen">omen</a> believed to be associated with the word "GLORY" in Japanese, Seikosha changed its trade mark to "Seiko" in 1924.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1929, the Seiko pocket watch was adopted as the official watch for the drivers of <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Railways_(Japan)" title="Ministry of Railways (Japan)">Japanese Government Railways</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-seikow_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikow-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1930_to_1990">1930 to 1990</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1930 to 1990"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Military watches produced for Japanese troops during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> were manufactured by Seiko, which by 1938, produced 1.2 million timepieces a year. The scarcity of raw materials during the war diverted much of Seiko's production to on-board instruments for military aircraft and ships. In contrast to Japan, Germany utilized both domestically produced and Swiss-produced watches. Japan's isolation in the Pacific meant the country could not rely on importing foreign timepieces.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1945_Image_of_Hattori_Tokei-ten_building_used_by_GHQ_at_Ginza_4-chome_intersection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/1945_Image_of_Hattori_Tokei-ten_building_used_by_GHQ_at_Ginza_4-chome_intersection.jpg/220px-1945_Image_of_Hattori_Tokei-ten_building_used_by_GHQ_at_Ginza_4-chome_intersection.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/1945_Image_of_Hattori_Tokei-ten_building_used_by_GHQ_at_Ginza_4-chome_intersection.jpg/330px-1945_Image_of_Hattori_Tokei-ten_building_used_by_GHQ_at_Ginza_4-chome_intersection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/1945_Image_of_Hattori_Tokei-ten_building_used_by_GHQ_at_Ginza_4-chome_intersection.jpg/440px-1945_Image_of_Hattori_Tokei-ten_building_used_by_GHQ_at_Ginza_4-chome_intersection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>Hattori Tokeiten building in <a href="/wiki/Ginza" title="Ginza">Ginza</a>, used as the Tokyo <a href="/wiki/Base_exchange" title="Base exchange">PX store</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Commander_for_the_Allied_Powers" title="Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers">Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers</a> (1945-1952)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1951, Seiko broadcast its first radio commercial in Japan, and when Japan's first commercial television station opened in 1953, it broadcast Japan's first television commercial. The first Japanese commercial was supposed to be broadcast as a time signal at noon, but the video technician mishandled the equipment and the commercial lasted only three seconds, and it was rebroadcast at 7:00 p.m. the same day.<sup id="cite_ref-seikoj_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikoj-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1956, Seiko launched Japan's first <a href="/wiki/Automatic_watch" title="Automatic watch">automatic wristwatch</a>, the Automatic. The retail price at the time was 13,500 yen, more than three times the price of men's wristwatches, which were generally in the 4,000 yen range. In the same year, the company released the Marvel, which represented a significant improvement in accuracy, quality, and productivity over the previous model. This was achieved by increasing the outer diameter of the movement compared to the previous model.<sup id="cite_ref-seikoj_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikoj-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1958, Seiko developed the 'Dia-Shock' anti-shock device.<sup id="cite_ref-seikoj_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikoj-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1959, Seiko launched the Gyro Marvel, which featured a revolutionary self-winding mechanism, the Magic Lever, developed by Seiko. The Magic Lever was simple in structure and had high winding performance, and popularized automatic watches among the general public.<sup id="cite_ref-seikoj_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikoj-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1960, Seiko released the Grand Seiko, aimed to be the most accurate wristwatch in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-seikow_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikow-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seiko quickly developed quartz technology in preparation for the <a href="/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics" title="1964 Summer Olympics">1964 Tokyo Olympics</a>, and in 1963 launched the Seiko Crystal Chronometer, a dramatically smaller version of its previous quartz clock. The quartz clock Seiko had supplied to a broadcasting station in 1959 was about the size of a wardrobe, but this new product ran on two batteries and was portable. At the Tokyo Olympics, Seiko's mechanical stopwatches were selected as the official Olympic watches due to their high accuracy.<sup id="cite_ref-seikoj_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikoj-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seiko launched Japan's first <a href="/wiki/Chronograph" title="Chronograph">chronograph</a> wristwatch, the Crown Chronograph, in 1964, Japan's first world time wristwatch in the same year, and Japan's first diver's wristwatch in 1965. In 1967, Japan's first diver's watch with 300m water resistance was launched.<sup id="cite_ref-seikow_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikow-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-seikoj_23-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikoj-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1967, Seiko won second and third place in a watch accuracy competition at a <a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel_Observatory" title="Neuchâtel Observatory">Neuchâtel Observatory</a> competition; the competition was canceled after that year.<sup id="cite_ref-seikow_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikow-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-seikoh_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikoh-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1968, Seiko took first place in a <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Observatory" title="Geneva Observatory">Geneva Observatory</a> competition with a score of 58.19, surpassing all previous records. Swiss companies ranked first to third for their quartz movements and Seiko ranked fourth to tenth for its mechanical movements. In the competition, there were special movements for the competition.<sup id="cite_ref-seikow_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikow-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-seikoh_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikoh-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:95px;max-width:95px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:121px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seiko_Astron.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Seiko Astron" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Seiko_Astron.jpg/93px-Seiko_Astron.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Seiko_Astron.jpg/140px-Seiko_Astron.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Seiko_Astron.jpg/186px-Seiko_Astron.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1563" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:123px;max-width:123px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:121px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seiko_35A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Caliber 35A, Nr. 00234" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Seiko_35A.jpg/121px-Seiko_35A.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Seiko_35A.jpg/182px-Seiko_35A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Seiko_35A.jpg/242px-Seiko_35A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="456" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Quartz wristwatch movement Caliber 35A (right) developed by <a href="/wiki/Seiko_Epson" class="mw-redirect" title="Seiko Epson">Suwa Seikosha</a> in 1969, used in the <a href="/wiki/Astron_(wristwatch)" title="Astron (wristwatch)">Seiko Astron</a> (left)</div></div></div></div> <p>In 1969, Seiko launched the <a href="/wiki/Astron_(wristwatch)" title="Astron (wristwatch)">Astron</a>, the world's first commercial <a href="/wiki/Quartz_clock" title="Quartz clock">quartz wristwatch</a>; when it was introduced, it cost the same as a medium-sized car. Seiko later went on to introduce the first quartz chronograph.<sup id="cite_ref-seikow_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikow-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The year 1969 marked the launch of the Astron, as well as several other wristwatches that Seiko positioned as its own historical models. In the same year, Seiko introduced the Five Sport Speed Timer, the world's first Magic Lever watch with a vertical clutch and column wheel. It was a resounding success for its compactness and practicality, and had a major influence on subsequent chronographs around the world. The company also launched the Grand Seiko V.F.A., a mechanical wristwatch with ultra-high accuracy of plus or minus two seconds per day, and the U.T.D., a mechanical wristwatch with a thickness of 1.98 mm.<sup id="cite_ref-seikow_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikow-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-seikoj_23-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikoj-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the 1970s, Seiko has introduced a variety of wristwatches with various world firsts: in 1973, Seiko introduced the world's first wristwatch with a LCD display capable of displaying six digits for hours, minutes and seconds; in 1975, Seiko introduced the world's first digital watch with a stopwatch function and a diver's watch with a titanium case. In 1978, Seiko introduced the world's first quartz diver's watch with a water resistance of 600 meters; in 1982, the world's first wristwatch with a television; in 1983, the world's first wristwatch with a record-and-play function and an analog quartz chronograph; in 1984, the world's first wristwatch computer; and in 1986, the world's first diver's watch with a ceramic case water-resistant to 1000 meters.<sup id="cite_ref-seikoj_23-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikoj-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-seikow_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikow-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1974, Seiko launched Credor, a luxury brand using precious metals and jewelry, and in 1979, Alba, a low-priced brand for young people.<sup id="cite_ref-seikoj_23-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikoj-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1985, <a href="/wiki/Orient_Watch" title="Orient Watch">Orient</a> and Seiko established a joint factory. </p><p>In 1986, <a href="/wiki/Baselworld" title="Baselworld">Baselworld</a> allowed non-European manufacturers to participate, and Seiko began exhibiting that year.<sup id="cite_ref-seikoj_23-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikoj-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seiko_Kinetic_SMY151P1_watch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Seiko_Kinetic_SMY151P1_watch.jpg/220px-Seiko_Kinetic_SMY151P1_watch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Seiko_Kinetic_SMY151P1_watch.jpg/330px-Seiko_Kinetic_SMY151P1_watch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Seiko_Kinetic_SMY151P1_watch.jpg/440px-Seiko_Kinetic_SMY151P1_watch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Kinetic SMY151P1</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1988, Seiko invented the world's first wristwatch with an innovative mechanism called "Auto Quartz", in which a rotating oscillating weight rotates in response to the wearer's arm movements, generating electricity to power the quartz. This mechanism was developed with the aim of creating a quartz watch that does not require battery replacement. This mechanism was adopted as Seiko's core movement and later renamed "A.G.S.". (Automatic Generating System). In 1991, to increase popularity, the watches were relaunched under the name "Seiko Kinetic".<sup id="cite_ref-seikoj_23-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikoj-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-seikow_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikow-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_development">Recent development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Recent development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1998, Grand Seiko was released with the first new mechanical movement in 20 years.<sup id="cite_ref-seikow_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikow-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1999, Seiko launched <a href="/wiki/Spring_Drive" title="Spring Drive">Spring Drive</a>, the world's first mechanical wristwatch with the accuracy of quartz.<sup id="cite_ref-seikow_5-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikow-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, the Astron, launched in 1969, was selected as an <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers" title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">IEEE</a> milestone. In the same year, Seiko began operating the Shizukuishi Watch Studio, which specializes in high-end watches.<sup id="cite_ref-seikoj_23-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikoj-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, Seiko launched the world's first solar-powered analog watch that adjusts its accuracy by receiving three radio signals from Japan, Germany, and the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-seikow_5-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikow-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-seikoj_23-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikoj-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, Seiko launched the world's first wristwatch based on microcapsule E-ink technology. This watch was the first Seiko watch to win an award at the Grand Prix de Genève for its innovative ability to bend the display part, in addition to providing more contrast and a wider viewing angle than conventional LCD displays.<sup id="cite_ref-seikow_5-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikow-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-seikoj_23-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikoj-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, Seiko launched the world's first solar radio-controlled digital watch based on the active matrix EPD system, advancing the expression of information in digital watches.<sup id="cite_ref-seikow_5-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikow-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-seikoj_23-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikoj-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seiko_Astron_GPS_watches.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Seiko_Astron_GPS_watches.JPG/220px-Seiko_Astron_GPS_watches.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Seiko_Astron_GPS_watches.JPG/330px-Seiko_Astron_GPS_watches.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Seiko_Astron_GPS_watches.JPG/440px-Seiko_Astron_GPS_watches.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4730" data-file-height="3153" /></a><figcaption>Astron GPS Solar</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2012, Seiko launched the world's first GPS solar watch, the Seiko Astron GPS Solar. Seiko positioned this watch as the second revolutionary wristwatch after the Astron, which was launched in 1969, and described that it had the ultimate practical functionality, being able to instantly display extremely accurate time anywhere in the world and working as long as there is light. Seiko's low power consumption GPS receiver contributed to the practical application of this watch.<sup id="cite_ref-seikow_5-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikow-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-seikoj_23-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seikoj-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Seiko_Group">Seiko Group</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Seiko Group"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Seiko_Group" title="Seiko Group">Seiko Group</a></div> <p>K. Hattori & Co. (currently Seiko Group Corporation) was one of the three core companies of the former <a href="/wiki/Seiko_Group" title="Seiko Group">Seiko Group</a>. Seiko Group consisted of K. Hattori (SEIKO), <a href="/wiki/Seikosha" title="Seikosha">Daini Seikosha</a> (currently <a href="/wiki/Seiko_Instruments" title="Seiko Instruments">Seiko Instruments Inc.</a>, SII), and <a href="/wiki/Seikosha" title="Seikosha">Suwa Seikosha</a> (currently <a href="/wiki/Seiko_Epson_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Seiko Epson Corporation">Seiko Epson Corporation</a>, EPSON). Although they had some common shareholders, including the key members of the Hattori family (posterity of Kintarō Hattori), the three companies in the group were not affiliated; they were managed and operated independently. </p><p>On January 26, 2009, Seiko Holdings and Seiko Instruments announced the two companies would merge on October 1, 2009, through a share swap. Seiko Instruments became a wholly owned subsidiary of Seiko Holdings as of 1 October 2009. </p><p>On October 1, 2022, Seiko Holdings was renamed Seiko Group. Epson still develops and manufactures some of the Seiko's highest grade watches, but is managed and operated completely independently from Seiko Group. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subsidiaries">Subsidiaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Subsidiaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Poor_man%27s_GS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Poor_man%27s_GS.jpg/170px-Poor_man%27s_GS.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Poor_man%27s_GS.jpg/255px-Poor_man%27s_GS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Poor_man%27s_GS.jpg/340px-Poor_man%27s_GS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1751" data-file-height="3001" /></a><figcaption>Seiko SARB035</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulsar_Montre_4.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Pulsar_Montre_4.JPG/170px-Pulsar_Montre_4.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Pulsar_Montre_4.JPG/255px-Pulsar_Montre_4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Pulsar_Montre_4.JPG/340px-Pulsar_Montre_4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Pulsar Montre 4</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Seiko Watch Corporation — Planning for watches and other products and domestic and overseas sales</li> <li>Seiko Nextage Co., Ltd. — watches: <a href="/wiki/Alba_(watch)" title="Alba (watch)">Alba</a> and licensed brand watches</li> <li>Seiko Clock Inc. — Development, manufacturing and sales of clocks (desk clocks, wall clocks, alarm clocks, musical clocks)</li> <li>Seiko Service Center Co., Ltd. — repair and after service for watches</li> <li>Seiko Time Systems Inc. — Sale and incidental installation work for system clocks, varied information display equipment and sports timing equipment, as well as timing and measurement services for various sports</li> <li>Seiko Precision Inc. — Manufacturing/sales for electronic devices, shutters for cameras and peripherals, and production equipment</li> <li>Seiko NPC Corporation — Development, manufacturing and marketing of integrated circuits (IC)</li> <li>Seiko Solutions Inc. — Development, manufacturing, sales, maintenance, services and consultations for the hardware and the software relating with information systems and network services</li> <li>Seiko Optical Products Co., Ltd. — Wholesale marketing of lenses and frames for glasses along with other optical-related products</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiko_Instruments" title="Seiko Instruments">Seiko Instruments Inc.</a> — Development, manufacturing and sales of watches, precision components and machine tools, electronic components, printers, measurement and analysis instruments</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wako_(retailer)" title="Wako (retailer)">Wako Co., Ltd.</a> — Sales of watches, jewelry, accessories, interior supplies, art goods and crafts, glasses and foodstuffs</li> <li>Cronos Inc. — retail sales of watches, jewelry items and eyeglasses</li> <li>Seiko Business Services Inc. — human resources</li> <li>Ohara Inc. (Seiko owns 32.2% <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Stock_Exchange" title="Tokyo Stock Exchange">TYO</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.jpx.co.jp/tseHpFront/StockSearch.do?callJorEFlg=1&method=topsearch&topSearchStr=5218">5218</a>) — specialty optical glass (glass materials for lenses and prisms)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marketing">Marketing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Marketing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On January 10, 2014, on the eve of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Open" title="Australian Open">Australian Open</a> in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, Shinji Hattori, President of Seiko Watch Corporation, presented to <a href="/wiki/Novak_Djokovic" title="Novak Djokovic">Novak Djokovic</a> a Seiko Astron GPS Solar limited edition worth $1700. It was launched worldwide with a million units, symbolizing Seiko's partnership with the world's no.1 professional tennis player.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seiko – often criticised for quality standards that let misaligned chapter rings and bezels slip through – decided to move its brand positioning upmarket; in 2015, the <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i> reported the <a href="/wiki/Spring_Drive" title="Spring Drive">Spring Drive</a> movement’s enthusiastic reception prompted Seiko's launch of higher-end pieces.<sup id="cite_ref-ft.com_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harvard Business School reported: "In 2003, Shinji Hattori, a great-grandson of Seiko's founder, became Seiko Watch Company's president and CEO and felt that Seiko should raise its perceived image outside Japan. In management's view, Seiko could claim distinction as the only 'mechatronic manufacturer' in the world – a vertically integrated watchmaker that excelled in both mechanical watchmaking and micro-electronics."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seiko_in_the_United_States">Seiko in the United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Seiko in the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Seiko Corporation of America distributes Seiko watches and clocks, as well as <a href="/wiki/Pulsar_(brand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulsar (brand)">Pulsar</a> and Lorus brand watches, in the United States. The models available in the United States are typically a smaller subset of the full line produced in Japan. Seiko Corporation of America is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Mahwah,_New_Jersey" title="Mahwah, New Jersey">Mahwah, New Jersey</a>, alongside the Coserv repair center. In the United States, Seiko watches are sold primarily by fine jewelers, department stores, and 19 Seiko company stores. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Brands_and_product_lines">Brands and product lines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Brands and product lines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Seiko produces watches with <a href="/wiki/Quartz_clock" title="Quartz clock">quartz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Automatic_quartz" title="Automatic quartz">kinetic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solar-powered_watch" title="Solar-powered watch">solar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_watch" title="Mechanical watch">mechanical</a> movements of varying prices, ranging from around ¥4,000 (US$45) to ¥50,000,000 (US$554,000).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seiko has created many different brands in Japan and the international market including Lorus, <a href="/wiki/Pulsar_(watch)" title="Pulsar (watch)">Pulsar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alba_(watch)" title="Alba (watch)">Alba</a>. </p><p>Seiko has several lines such as the Seiko 5,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> luxury "Credor," "Prospex," "Presage," "Velatura", "Astron" and the "<a href="/wiki/Grand_Seiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Seiko">Grand Seiko</a>" series. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seiko_5">Seiko 5</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Seiko 5"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seiko-5-blue-gold.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Seiko-5-blue-gold.jpg/150px-Seiko-5-blue-gold.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Seiko-5-blue-gold.jpg/225px-Seiko-5-blue-gold.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Seiko-5-blue-gold.jpg/300px-Seiko-5-blue-gold.jpg 2x" data-file-width="571" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>A Seiko 5 showcasing attributes of the sub brand, including a recessed crown at the 4 o'clock position and day-date complication</figcaption></figure> <p>Seiko 5 is a <a href="/wiki/Brand#Subbranding" title="Brand">sub brand</a> that spawned with the introduction of the Seiko Sportsmatic 5 in 1963. Since then, many models have been introduced into the lineup, comprising a variety of different styles. </p><p>The name of the Seiko 5 sub brand is a reference to 5 attributes that any watch belonging to it would typically exhibit, those being: </p> <ol><li>An automatic watch movement</li> <li>The day and the date displayed on the dial</li> <li>Water resistance to an acceptable degree</li> <li>A recessed crown at the 4 o'clock position</li> <li>A durable case and bracelet<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>In spite of their association with the brand, not all of these characteristics are universal across the lineup, as certain models have omitted the Day-Date display (such as the SSA333) and/or the 4 o'clock positioning of the crown (such as the SRPG31K1 and the aforementioned SSA333). </p><p>Seiko released many models under the Seiko 5 sub brand, including large and small divers; watches featuring different strap options, such as leather, nylon, or steel; transparent, or sterile case-back versions; and many other variations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seiko_Lord_Matic">Seiko Lord Matic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Seiko Lord Matic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Seiko Lord Matic series of wristwatches was a mid-range sub-luxury watch of the 1970s that featured design innovations such as faceted crystals, colorful dials and sporty bracelets. </p><p><big><b>Seiko Astron</b></big> </p><p>The Seiko Astron series is a quartz watch which receives time information and location information from <a href="/wiki/Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">GPS satellites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These watches also have a <a href="/wiki/Solar_panel" title="Solar panel">solar panel</a> which means that the battery does not need to be replaced. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seiko_Presage">Seiko Presage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Seiko Presage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Seiko Presage series is an all-mechanical lineup, a step up from the entry-level Seiko 5 models. It has slightly more elaborate designs and complex movements, such as urushi-lacquer dials, and self-winding movements with power reserve indicators.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Presage line watches are usually priced between US$200 to US$3,000.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seiko entered a cooperation with the traditional <a href="/wiki/Cloisonn%C3%A9" title="Cloisonné">cloisonné</a> maker <a href="/wiki/Ando_Cloisonn%C3%A9_Company" title="Ando Cloisonné Company">Ando Cloisonné Company</a> from <a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a> to produce the dial for the limited edition in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seiko_Prospex">Seiko Prospex</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Seiko Prospex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seiko_SKX007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Seiko_SKX007.jpg/140px-Seiko_SKX007.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Seiko_SKX007.jpg/210px-Seiko_SKX007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Seiko_SKX007.jpg/280px-Seiko_SKX007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3744" data-file-height="5616" /></a><figcaption>Seiko SKX007 dive watch</figcaption></figure> <p>The Seiko Prospex series includes their professional series of watches such as their <a href="/wiki/Diving_watch" title="Diving watch">diving watches</a>, which are typically <a href="/wiki/Diving_watches#ISO_6425_divers'_watches_standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving watches">ISO 6425</a> rated from 200 to 1000 metres of water resistance. Other watches in the Prospex line include field and pilot style watches. </p><p>In 2021, Akio Naito, President of the Seiko Watch Corporation,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> said that enthusiasts' respect for the brand can "influence the wider range of consumers."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This influence can be seen in the Prospex range, where Seiko fans' nicknames resulted in the company eventually adopting these product names. For example, Seiko's own London boutique identifies the Prospex SPB191J1 watch using the fans' sobriquet: "Nicknamed 'Shogun' by fans, meaning Japanese 'Commander-in-chief', because of its strong looks."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grand_Seiko">Grand Seiko</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Grand Seiko"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to 1960, to challenge the status of <a href="/wiki/Swiss_watch" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss watch">Swiss watches</a> and change the perception of Japanese watches, Daini <a href="/wiki/Seikosha" title="Seikosha">Seikosha</a> and Suwa began the discussion of a product line that can match the quality of Swiss watches under the suggestion of the <a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">parent company</a>. At the time, Suwa Seikosha Co. was in charge of manufacturing men's watches, so it was decided that Suwa would produce the first Grand Seiko. </p><p>The first Grand Seiko, released in 1960, was based on Seiko's previous high-end watch, <i>CROWN</i>. This Grand Seiko has a 25-<a href="/wiki/Jewel_(watch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewel (watch)">jewel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manual-winding" class="mw-redirect" title="Manual-winding">manual-winding</a>, 3180 <a href="/wiki/Caliber_(watch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliber (watch)">caliber</a>, and its production was limited to 36,000 units. The watch was also the first chronometer-grade watch manufactured in Japan and was based on Seiko's own chronometer standard.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some Grand Seiko timepieces also incorporate the company's <a href="/wiki/Spring_Drive" title="Spring Drive">Spring Drive</a> movement, a movement that is a combination of both automatic and quartz timekeeping methods, leading to unparalleled accuracy in the world of automatic wristwatches. The most famous example is the SBGA011 Grand Seiko "Snowflake", housing the 9R Spring Drive movement. </p><p>With the repositioning of Grand Seiko from a Seiko subbrand to an independent brand in 2017, Grand Seiko aimed to transition to a true luxury brand. In 2022, 'Kodo Constant-Force Tourbillon SLGT 003', featuring the world's first combination tourbillon and constant-force mechanism on the same axis, was released, priced at 370,000 euros.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Design_style">Design style</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Design style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Seiko.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Grand_Seiko.JPG/170px-Grand_Seiko.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Grand_Seiko.JPG/255px-Grand_Seiko.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Grand_Seiko.JPG/340px-Grand_Seiko.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Grand Seiko SBGW231</figcaption></figure> <p>The design language of the Grand Seiko was set in 1967, with the creation of Grand Seiko 44GS. The 44GS set the ground for all future Grand Seiko with nine elements. These elements help improve the legibility of the watch under different situations, and create a sharp, crisp visual impression:<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Double width index at 12 o'clock</li> <li>Multi-faceted rectangular markers</li> <li>Highly polished bezel</li> <li>Highly polished planes and two-dimensional surface</li> <li>Half recessed crown</li> <li>Flat dial</li> <li>Multi-faceted hour and minute hands</li> <li>Curved side line</li> <li>Reverse slanted bezel wall and case side</li> <li>Dress style with simple but beautiful design</li> <li>Zaratsu polishing</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="King_Seiko">King Seiko</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: King Seiko"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The King Seiko line was created by Daini Seikosha to compete directly with Grand Seiko. The first King Seiko was released the year after the first Grand Seiko, in 1961. The first King Seikos were made with unmarked, manual winding, 25 jewel movements, that were not internally tested chronometers. This was followed by the release of the '44KS' movement in 1964, a remake of the 44GS, a manual winding, 18,000 bph, movement with a screwdown case back. In 1968, the 45KS was introduced with a manual winding, 36,000 bph hi-beat movement – again meant to compete with the 45GS but generally less accurate and with less finishing. King Seiko Certified Chronometer and Superior Certified Chronometers were released between 1968 and 1970. These first two were produced by Daini Seikosha but one of the most impressive King Seikos, the 56KS, was actually made by the Suwa Seikosha. The King Seiko 56KS movements were the same as those used in Grand Seiko’s 56GS series, Seiko Lord Matic watches, and Seiko chronometers. It was also introduced in 1968 and featured an automatic, 28,800 bph movement with 25 jewels and a 47-hour power reserve. These watches were all marked ‘Hi-Beat’ on the dial despite being only 28,800 bph (instead of 36,000). The 56KS was made until 1975, when the King Seiko line was discontinued by the company. </p><p>The last King Seiko collection was made by Daini, and was the 52KS, starting off in 1971 and made until 1975. This line used the 5245 and 5246 movement. These were meant to be high-end chronometers, with some even marked ‘V. F. A.’ (Very Fine Accuracy) or ‘Special’ on the dial. Many of these were of the "Vanac" sub-line and featured colorful dial faces and faceted crystals.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Seiko produces electronic devices as well; during the 1980s, the company produced a notable range of <a href="/wiki/Digital_synthesizer" title="Digital synthesizer">digital synthesizers</a>, such as the DS-202 and <a href="/wiki/Seiko_DS-250" title="Seiko DS-250">DS-250</a>, for use in electronic music. Today the music division (part of Seiko Instruments Inc.) produces metronomes and tuning devices.<sup id="cite_ref-seiko-music_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seiko-music-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Movements">Movements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Movements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mechanical_movement">Mechanical movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Mechanical movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seiko_SNK381_with_7S26-01V0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Seiko_SNK381_with_7S26-01V0.jpg/220px-Seiko_SNK381_with_7S26-01V0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Seiko_SNK381_with_7S26-01V0.jpg/330px-Seiko_SNK381_with_7S26-01V0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Seiko_SNK381_with_7S26-01V0.jpg/440px-Seiko_SNK381_with_7S26-01V0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Seiko SNK381 with 7S26-01V0 movement</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1968, Seiko introduced three ten beat (ten ticks per second) calibers, the automatic caliber 61GS, the manual winding 45GS<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 19GS<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for women's watch. The 61GS was Japan's first <a href="/wiki/Automatic_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Automatic movement">automatic</a> ten beat watch, and it was the most accurate mechanical watch due to the high beat calibers.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The calibers are considered high beat because normal <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Mechanical movement">mechanical movements</a> beat six to eight times per second, and higher beat makes the watch more resistant to shock, thus achieving the high accuracy.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, Seiko released the new ten beat caliber 9S85,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is a completely new design from the previous high beat caliber. The new caliber also met the Grand Seiko Standard, a chronometer certification that the company claims to be more strict than the <a href="/wiki/COSC" title="COSC">Chronometer Certificate</a> in Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>List of Seiko mechanical movements</b> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Caliber </th> <th>Vibrations <p>(per hour) </p> </th> <th>Jewels </th> <th>Accuracy <p>(sec) </p> </th> <th>Power reserve <p>(hour) </p> </th> <th>Features </th></tr> <tr> <td>7S26<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>21,600 </td> <td>21 </td> <td>+40～-20 </td> <td>41 </td> <td style="text-align:left">3 hands, time display (Hour, minute and second hands) and day and date display </td></tr> <tr> <td>7S36<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>21,600 </td> <td>23 </td> <td>+40～-20 </td> <td>41 </td> <td style="text-align:left">3 hands, time display (Hour, minute and second hands) and day and date display </td></tr> <tr> <td>4R34<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>21,600 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>+45～-35 </td> <td>40 </td> <td style="text-align:left">4 hands, time display (Hour, minute and second hands, 24-hour hand) and date display </td></tr> <tr> <td>4R35<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>21,600 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>+45～-35 </td> <td>40 </td> <td style="text-align:left">3 hands, time display (Hour, minute and second hands) and date display </td></tr> <tr> <td>4R36<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>21,600 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>+45～-35 </td> <td>40 </td> <td style="text-align:left">3 hands, time display (Hour, minute and second hands) and day and date display </td></tr> <tr> <td>4R57<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>21,600 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>+40～-20 </td> <td>40 </td> <td style="text-align:left">5 hands, time display (Hour, minute and second hands), date display, power reserve indicator </td></tr> <tr> <td>6R15<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>21,600 </td> <td>23 </td> <td>+25～-15 </td> <td>50 </td> <td style="text-align:left">3 hands, time display (Hour, minute and second hands) and date display </td></tr> <tr> <td>6R20<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>28,800 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>+25～-15 </td> <td>45 </td> <td style="text-align:left">6 hands, time display (Hour, minute and second hands), day and date display, power reserve indicator </td></tr> <tr> <td>6R21<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>28,800 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>+25～-15 </td> <td>45 </td> <td style="text-align:left">6 hands, time display (Hour, minute and second hands), day and date display, power reserve indicator </td></tr> <tr> <td>6R24<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>28,800 </td> <td>31 </td> <td>+25～-15 </td> <td>45 </td> <td style="text-align:left">6 hands, time display (Hour, minute and second hands), day and date display, power reserve indicator </td></tr> <tr> <td>6R27<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>28,800 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>+25～-15 </td> <td>45 </td> <td style="text-align:left">5 hands, time display (Hour, minute and second hands), date display, power reserve indicator </td></tr> <tr> <td>6R35<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>21,600 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>+25～-15 </td> <td>70 </td> <td style="text-align:left">3 hands, time display (Hour, minute and second hands) and date display </td></tr> <tr> <td>8R28<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>28,800 </td> <td>34 </td> <td>+25～-15 </td> <td>45 </td> <td style="text-align:left">6 hands, time display (Hour, minute and small second hands), stopwatch display (Hour, minute and second hands) and date display </td></tr> <tr> <td>8L35<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>28,800 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>+15～-10 </td> <td>50 </td> <td style="text-align:left">3 hands, time display (Hour, minute and second hands) and date display </td></tr> <tr> <td>8L55<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>36,000 </td> <td>37 </td> <td>+15～-10 </td> <td>55 </td> <td style="text-align:left">3 hands, time display (Hour, minute and second hands) and date display </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quartz_movement">Quartz movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Quartz movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seiko_35A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Seiko_35A.jpg/220px-Seiko_35A.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Seiko_35A.jpg/330px-Seiko_35A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Seiko_35A.jpg/440px-Seiko_35A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption>Quartz Movement of the Seiko <a href="/wiki/Astron_(wristwatch)" title="Astron (wristwatch)">Astron</a>, 1969 (Deutsches Uhrenmuseum, Inv. Inv. 2010-006)</figcaption></figure> <p>On 25 December 1969, Seiko released the world's first <a href="/wiki/Quartz_clock" title="Quartz clock">quartz</a> watch, the <a href="/wiki/Astron_(wristwatch)" title="Astron (wristwatch)">Seiko Quartz ASTRON</a>, marking the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Quartz_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Quartz revolution">quartz revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The watch used a <a href="/wiki/Crystal_oscillator" title="Crystal oscillator">crystal oscillator</a> for accuracy, where the crystal generates steady vibration when voltage is applied to it. During the ten years of development at Suwa Seikosha, Seiko managed to create many parts which enabled the viable application of quartz in wristwatches. For example, Seiko cut the crystal oscillator into the shape of a <a href="/wiki/Tuning_fork" title="Tuning fork">tuning-fork</a>, and developed an <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuit</a> and step motor to operate with the signals from the crystal oscillator. Although creating the parts that enabled quartz watches, Seiko did not monopolize the patent rights for the unique pieces, but decided to open them. </p><p>In 1973, Seiko announced the world's first LCD quartz watch with six-digit digital display. </p><p>In 1975, Seiko launched the world's first multi-function digital watch, the 0634. </p><p>In 1978, Seiko released the Twin Quartz watch to address the effect t of temperature on the frequency of the quartz crystal oscillator, which put a limitation on the accuracy of quartz watches. Seiko put a second crystal in the watch that is linked with a processor that detects the change in temperature and signals the main oscillator to compensate. The result was a huge improvement in the watch's accuracy from five seconds per month to five seconds per year. </p><p>Kinetic watches were introduced by Seiko in 1986 at the Basel Fair Trade Show.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These quartz watches use the motion of the wearer's wrist to charge their battery. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grand_Seiko_9F_quartz_movement">Grand Seiko 9F quartz movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Grand Seiko 9F quartz movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 9F quartz movement is used in Grand Seiko quartz watches.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Grand Seiko's 9F quartz movement is assembled entirely by hand by two expert craftsmen. </p><p>Features include: </p> <ul><li>Backlash auto-adjust mechanism</li> <li>Twin pulse control motor</li> <li>Instant date change mechanism – it can change the date display in 1/2000th of a second</li> <li>Accuracy within +-10 seconds per year<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spring_Drive">Spring Drive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Spring Drive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Spring_Drive" title="Spring Drive">Spring Drive</a></div> <p>The Spring Drive was announced in 1997, developed by Yoshikazu Akahane and his team, and inspired by Yoshikazu's vision: "a watch wound by a mainspring and with one-second-a-day accuracy, a precision that only the finest electronic watches could deliver."<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movement achieved high accuracy with one second per day, long power reserve (72 hours) with its unique developed alloy, fast winding with the "Magic Lever" design and glide-motion movement with the watch hands. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seiko_Spacewalk.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Seiko_Spacewalk.JPG/220px-Seiko_Spacewalk.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Seiko_Spacewalk.JPG/330px-Seiko_Spacewalk.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Seiko_Spacewalk.JPG/440px-Seiko_Spacewalk.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The Seiko Spacewalk is a limited edition Spring Drive model, designed specifically for use in space.</figcaption></figure> <p>The movement uses a <a href="/wiki/Mainspring" title="Mainspring">mainspring</a> as a source of energy and transmits it through a <a href="/wiki/Gear_train" title="Gear train">gear train</a>, just like a traditional mechanical watch, but instead of an escapement and balance wheel, Seiko used the newly developed "Tri-synchro regulator", which acts like a quartz movement. The Tri-synchro regulator has three main functions: controlling the mechanical energy of the mainspring, generate electricity for the low consumption (~25 nanowatts) quartz crystal oscillator and generate a magnetic force to regulate the glide wheel. By replacing the traditional <a href="/wiki/Escapement" title="Escapement">escapement</a> with a magnetic brake, the Spring Drive operates with lower noise and presents a glide motion hand that shows the continuous flow of time. The Spring Drive movement was also used as the basis for the first-ever watch designed to be worn by an astronaut during a space walk, the aptly named Seiko Spring Drive Spacewalk.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sponsorships">Sponsorships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Sponsorships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official_timekeeper">Official timekeeper</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Official timekeeper"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Seiko has been the official timekeeper of many major sporting events: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Olympic_Games">Olympic Games</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Olympic Games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics" title="1964 Summer Olympics">1964 Summer Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Winter_Olympics" title="1972 Winter Olympics">1972 Winter Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics" title="1992 Summer Olympics">1992 Summer Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Winter_Olympics" title="1994 Winter Olympics">1994 Winter Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lillehammer" title="Lillehammer">Lillehammer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics" title="1998 Winter Olympics">1998 Winter Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nagano_(city)" title="Nagano (city)">Nagano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics" title="2002 Winter Olympics">2002 Winter Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="FIFA_World_Cup">FIFA World Cup</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: FIFA World Cup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1978_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1978 FIFA World Cup">1978 FIFA World Cup</a> in <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1982 FIFA World Cup">1982 FIFA World Cup</a> in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1986 FIFA World Cup">1986 FIFA World Cup</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1990 FIFA World Cup">1990 FIFA World Cup</a> in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li></ul> <p>Seiko also released official products for the <a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2002 FIFA World Cup">2002 FIFA World Cup</a> held in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, without being the official timekeeper.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="IAAF_World_Championships">IAAF World Championships</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: IAAF World Championships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Currently, Seiko has an agreement with <a href="/wiki/World_Athletics" title="World Athletics">World Athletics</a> to act as the timekeeper for the latest editions of the <a href="/wiki/World_Athletics_Championships" title="World Athletics Championships">World Athletics Championships</a>. The agreement started in 1985<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is set to continue until at least 2029.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1987_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="1987 World Championships in Athletics">1987 World Championships in Athletics</a> in Rome, Italy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="1991 World Championships in Athletics">1991 World Championships in Athletics</a> in Tokyo, Japan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="1993 World Championships in Athletics">1993 World Championships in Athletics</a> in Stuttgart, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="1995 World Championships in Athletics">1995 World Championships in Athletics</a> in Gothenburg, Sweden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="1997 World Championships in Athletics">1997 World Championships in Athletics</a> in Athens, Greece</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="1999 World Championships in Athletics">1999 World Championships in Athletics</a> in Seville, Spain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2001 World Championships in Athletics">2001 World Championships in Athletics</a> in Edmonton, Canada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2003 World Championships in Athletics">2003 World Championships in Athletics</a> in Paris, France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2005 World Championships in Athletics">2005 World Championships in Athletics</a> in Helsinki, Finland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2007 World Championships in Athletics">2007 World Championships in Athletics</a> in Osaka, Japan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2009 World Championships in Athletics">2009 World Championships in Athletics</a> in Berlin, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2011 World Championships in Athletics">2011 World Championships in Athletics</a> in Daegu, South Korea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2013 World Championships in Athletics">2013 World Championships in Athletics</a> in Moscow, Russia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2015 World Championships in Athletics">2015 World Championships in Athletics</a> in Beijing, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2017 World Championships in Athletics">2017 World Championships in Athletics</a> in London, United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_World_Championships_in_Athletics" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 World Championships in Athletics">2019 World Championships in Athletics</a> in Doha, Qatar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_World_Athletics_Championships" title="2022 World Athletics Championships">2022 World Athletics Championships</a> in Eugene, United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_World_Athletics_Championships" title="2023 World Athletics Championships">2023 World Athletics Championships</a> in Budapest, Hungary</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tennis_tournaments">Tennis tournaments</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Tennis tournaments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Throughout the history, Seiko has been the official timekeeper for many tennis tournaments.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Indoor" title="Tokyo Indoor">Seiko Super Tennis</a> in Tokyo, Japan (1978–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Open" title="French Open">French Open</a> in Paris, France (1980–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Pacific_Open" title="Pan Pacific Open">Pan Pacific Open</a> in Tokyo and later in Osaka, Japan (1984–present)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_sponsorships">Other sponsorships</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Other sponsorships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Seiko developed a digital watch styled after <a href="/wiki/Venom_Snake" class="mw-redirect" title="Venom Snake">Venom Snake</a>'s timepiece in <i><a href="/wiki/Metal_Gear_Solid_V:_The_Phantom_Pain" title="Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain">Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain</a></i> under its Wired brand. It was launched on September 2, 2015, with the Metal Gear installment. It was limited to 2,500 pieces worldwide and was sold out via pre-orders within 5 minutes of launch. The box of the watch was designed by Metal Gear Solid artist Yoji Shinkawa.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seiko is also named as the official timekeeper of the <i><a href="/wiki/Gran_Turismo_(series)" title="Gran Turismo (series)">Gran Turismo</a></i> racing game series, published by <a href="/wiki/Sony_Computer_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Computer Entertainment">Sony Computer Entertainment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also the sponsor of <a href="/wiki/FC_Barcelona" title="FC Barcelona">FC Barcelona</a> from 2011 to 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seiko was the official timekeeper of the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Soccer_League_(2011%E2%80%932017)" title="North American Soccer League (2011–2017)">North American Soccer League</a> during the 2014 season.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seiko previously sponsored Honda F1 (formerly known as BAR [British American Racing] Honda). The Honda team driver, <a href="/wiki/Jenson_Button" title="Jenson Button">Jenson Button</a>, was the brand ambassador of Seiko. The company name appeared on the team's clothing, Button's helmet, and on the pitstop lollipops.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sponsorship lasted until the end of the 2008 season, when Honda discontinued participating in F1 racing.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seiko has a partnership with tennis player <a href="/wiki/Novak_Djokovic" title="Novak Djokovic">Novak Djokovic</a>, which started in 2014 and is set to continue at least until 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seiko is the current major sponsor for the No. 20 <a href="/wiki/Team_18" title="Team 18">Team 18</a> <a href="/wiki/Holden_ZB_Commodore" class="mw-redirect" title="Holden ZB Commodore">Holden ZB Commodore</a> driven by <a href="/wiki/Scott_Pye" title="Scott Pye">Scott Pye</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Supercars_Championship" title="Supercars Championship">Supercars Championship</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_and_footnotes">References and footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References and footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seiko.co.jp/en/news/pressrelease/detail.php?id=2010043018243601">Notification of change of President</a>, Seiko Holdings Corporation, April 30, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seikowatches.com/us-en/company/profile">"Corporate profile"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Corporate+profile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seikowatches.com%2Fus-en%2Fcompany%2Fprofile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeiko" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NTTWP-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NTTWP_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NTTWP_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NTTWP_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NTTWP_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NTTWP_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NTTWP_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seiko.co.jp/en/ir/2024/05/21/125c11fc00d12f857475d262565961ceb94a3134.pdf">"Seiko Holdings Corporation Financial Statements"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Seiko Holdings Corporation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seiko+Holdings+Corporation+Financial+Statements&rft.pub=Seiko+Holdings+Corporation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seiko.co.jp%2Fen%2Fir%2F2024%2F05%2F21%2F125c11fc00d12f857475d262565961ceb94a3134.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeiko" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ebner-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ebner_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125080218/https://www.watchtime.com/featured/timepiece-timeline-milestone-seiko-watches/">"The History of Seiko Through 12 Milestone Seiko Watches"</a>. EBNER PUBLISHING INTERNATIONAL, INC. January 20, 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.watchtime.com/featured/timepiece-timeline-milestone-seiko-watches/">the original</a> on November 25, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Seiko+Through+12+Milestone+Seiko+Watches&rft.pub=EBNER+PUBLISHING+INTERNATIONAL%2C+INC.&rft.date=2021-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.watchtime.com%2Ffeatured%2Ftimepiece-timeline-milestone-seiko-watches%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeiko" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seikow-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-seikow_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seikow_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seikow_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seikow_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seikow_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seikow_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seikow_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seikow_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seikow_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seikow_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seikow_5-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seikow_5-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seikow_5-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seikow_5-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seikow_5-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seikow_5-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seikow_5-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220403072946/https://www.seikowatches.com/global-en/special/heritage/">"Our Heritage"</a>. Seiko Watch Corporation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seikowatches.com/global-en/special/heritage/">the original</a> on April 3, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Heritage&rft.pub=Seiko+Watch+Corporation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seikowatches.com%2Fglobal-en%2Fspecial%2Fheritage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeiko" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ft.com-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ft.com_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ft.com_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191001141252/https://www.ft.com/content/9f95d770-31f1-11e5-91ac-a5e17d9b4cff">"Seiko sets its sights on high-quality mechanical market"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i>. September 28, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/9f95d770-31f1-11e5-91ac-a5e17d9b4cff">the original</a> on October 1, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Hattori & Co. (1881 - 1891)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://museum.seiko.co.jp/en/seiko_history/founder/founder/005//">Episode 3 (1892) Seikosha Factory</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Goodall2003" class="citation book cs1">John Goodall (2003). <i>A Journey In Time: The Remarkable Story of Seiko</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.grand-seiko.com&rft.atitle=Grand+Seiko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grand-seiko.com%2Fmovement%2Fmechanical.php%23tabContent03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeiko" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grand-seiko.com/instructions/html/GS_9SA4_en/AGFISYfijesakn">"The Grand Seiko Standard Inspection Certificate"</a>. <i>www.grand-seiko.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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January 12, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Caliber+Corner&rft.atitle=Seiko+Caliber+7S26+Watch+Movement&rft.date=2017-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcalibercorner.com%2Fseiko-caliber-7s26%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeiko" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://calibercorner.com/seiko-caliber-7s36/">"Seiko Caliber 7S36 Watch Movement"</a>. <i>Caliber Corner</i>. November 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Caliber+Corner&rft.atitle=Seiko+Caliber+7S36+Watch+Movement&rft.date=2017-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcalibercorner.com%2Fseiko-caliber-7s36%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeiko" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://calibercorner.com/seiko-caliber-4r34/">"Seiko Caliber 4R34 Watch Movement"</a>. <i>Caliber Corner</i>. 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Caliber+Corner&rft.atitle=Seiko+Caliber+4R34+Watch+Movement&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcalibercorner.com%2Fseiko-caliber-4r34%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeiko" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://calibercorner.com/seiko-caliber-4r35/">"Seiko Caliber 4R35 Watch Movement"</a>. <i>Caliber Corner</i>. 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May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Caliber+Corner&rft.atitle=Seiko+Caliber+4R36+Watch+Movement&rft.date=2019-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcalibercorner.com%2Fseiko-caliber-4r36%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeiko" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://calibercorner.com/seiko-caliber-4r57/">"Seiko Caliber 4R57 Watch Movement"</a>. <i>Caliber Corner</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 1,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Seiko+Nets+Renewed+Partnership+With+Novak+Djokovic&rft.date=2016-12-16&rft.aulast=Derr&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Felizabethdoerr%2F2016%2F12%2F16%2Fseiko-nets-renewed-partnership-with-novak-djokovic%2F%3Fsh%3D1b91dae73e7b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeiko" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Donzé, Pierre-Yves. "Dynamics of innovation in the electronic watch industry: a comparative business history of Longines (Switzerland) and Seiko (Japan), 1960-1980." <i>Essays in Economic & Business History</i> 37.1 (2019): 120-145. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebhsoc.org/journal/index.php/ebhs/article/download/6/6">online</a></li> <li>Dahlman, Chris (2021). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1006599436?pf_rd_r=J3CA6HN88GSFJ81MYD59&pf_rd_p=1ab92b69-98d7-4842-a89b-ad387c54783f&pd_rd_r=0b8bb49a-fc78-4b01-9978-9e737c1495e9&pd_rd_w=0b78g&pd_rd_wg=uCL7Y&ref_=pd_gw_unk">This Is Gyachung: The Story of Seiko's First Professional Mountaineer's Watch</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiko&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Seiko" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Seiko">Seiko</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seiko.co.jp/en">Seiko Group Corporation website</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thewatchsite.com/d1/files/A%20Journey%20in%20Time.pdf"><i>A Journey in Time: The Remarkable Story of Seiko</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Journey+in+Time%3A+The+Remarkable+Story+of+Seiko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthewatchsite.com%2Fd1%2Ffiles%2FA%2520Journey%2520in%2520Time.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeiko" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hodinkee.com/articles/re-writing-seikos-history-with-a-special-silverwave">New research in <i>This Is Gyachung</i> proves that Seiko's first professional watch came earlier than we had previously thought.</a> (hodinkee.com)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Seiko_Group328" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Seiko" title="Template:Seiko"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Seiko" title="Template talk:Seiko"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Seiko" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Seiko"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Seiko_Group328" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Seiko_Group" title="Seiko Group">Seiko Group</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seikosha" title="Seikosha">Seikosha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Seiko Group Corporation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seiko_Instruments" title="Seiko Instruments">Seiko Instruments Inc.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epson" title="Epson">Seiko Epson Corporation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epson_Robots" title="Epson Robots">Epson Robots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orient_Watch" title="Orient Watch">Orient Watch Co., Ltd.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohara_Corporation" title="Ohara Corporation">Ohara Corporation</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wako_(retailer)" title="Wako (retailer)">Wako Co., Ltd.</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Seiko_logo.svg/110px-Seiko_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Seiko_logo.svg/165px-Seiko_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Seiko_logo.svg/220px-Seiko_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="98" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seiko assets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Watches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alba_(watch)" title="Alba (watch)">Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lassale" title="Jean Lassale">Jean Lassale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar_(watch)" title="Pulsar (watch)">Pulsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astron_(wristwatch)" title="Astron (wristwatch)">Astron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Drive" title="Spring Drive">Spring Drive mechanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seiko_DS-250" title="Seiko DS-250">DS-250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiko_SA" title="Seiko SA">Seiko Sports Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Epson assets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Computer systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epson_ActionNote" title="Epson ActionNote">ActionNote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epson_Equity" title="Epson Equity">Equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epson_HX-20" title="Epson HX-20">HX-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epson_PX-4" title="Epson PX-4">PX-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epson_PX-8_Geneva" title="Epson PX-8 Geneva">PX-8 Geneva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EP-101" title="EP-101">EP-101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESC/P" title="ESC/P">ESC/P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epson_Micro_Flying_Robot" title="Epson Micro Flying Robot">Micro Flying Robot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epson_MX-80" title="Epson MX-80">MX-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S1C6x" title="S1C6x">S1C6x</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epson_R-D1" title="Epson R-D1">R-D1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orient_Watch" title="Orient Watch">Orient Watch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>† Joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Canon_Inc." title="Canon Inc.">Canon Inc.</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Seiko" title="Category:Seiko">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Seiko" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Seiko">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Electronics_industry_in_Japan185" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Electronics_industry_in_Japan" title="Template:Electronics industry in Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Electronics_industry_in_Japan" title="Template talk:Electronics industry in Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Electronics_industry_in_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Electronics industry in Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Electronics_industry_in_Japan185" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry_in_Japan" title="Electronics industry in Japan">Electronics industry in Japan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiwa" title="Aiwa">Aiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaxala_Networks" title="Alaxala Networks">Alaxala Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alinco" title="Alinco">Alinco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alps_Electric" title="Alps Electric">Alps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_Electronics" title="Alpine Electronics">Alpine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anritsu" title="Anritsu">Anritsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AOR_(company)" title="AOR (company)">AOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio-Technica" title="Audio-Technica">Audio-Technica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandai_Namco_Holdings" title="Bandai Namco Holdings">Bandai Namco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brother_Industries" title="Brother Industries">Brother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_Inc." title="Canon Inc.">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casio" title="Casio">Casio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CatEye" title="CatEye">CatEye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Watch" title="Citizen Watch">Citizen Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosina" title="Cosina">Cosina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%2BM_Group" title="D+M Group">D+M Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denon" title="Denon">Denon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marantz" title="Marantz">Marantz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daikin" title="Daikin">Daikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denso" title="Denso">Denso</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denso_Ten" title="Denso Ten">Denso Ten</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Nippon_Printing" title="Dai Nippon Printing">DNP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiki" title="Eiki">Eiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eizo" title="Eizo">Eizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elecom" title="Elecom">Elecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESP_Guitars" title="ESP Guitars">ESP Guitars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FANUC" title="FANUC">FANUC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fostex" title="Fostex">Fostex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuji_Electric" title="Fuji Electric">Fuji Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujifilm" title="Fujifilm">Fujifilm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fujifilm_Business_Innovation" title="Fujifilm Business Innovation">Business Innovation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funai" title="Funai">Funai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furuno" title="Furuno">Furuno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futaba_Corporation" title="Futaba Corporation">Futaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamamatsu_Photonics" title="Hamamatsu Photonics">Hamamatsu Photonics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirose_Electric_Group" title="Hirose Electric Group">Hirose Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitachi" title="Hitachi">Hitachi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarion_(company)" title="Clarion (company)">Clarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxell" title="Maxell">Maxell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoya_Corporation" title="Hoya Corporation">Hoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibanez" title="Ibanez">Ibanez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibiden" title="Ibiden">Ibiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icom_Incorporated" title="Icom Incorporated">Icom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikegami_Tsushinki" title="Ikegami Tsushinki">Ikegami Tsushinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwatsu_Electric" title="Iwatsu Electric">Iwatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Display" title="Japan Display">Japan Display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JEOL" title="JEOL">JEOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Radio_Company" title="Japan Radio Company">JRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Remote_Control" title="Japan Remote Control">JR Propo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JVCKenwood" title="JVCKenwood">JVCKenwood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JVC" title="JVC">JVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenwood_Corporation" title="Kenwood Corporation">Kenwood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawai_Musical_Instruments" title="Kawai Musical Instruments">Kawai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyence" title="Keyence">Keyence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kioxia" title="Kioxia">Kioxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiramek" title="Kiramek">Kiramek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konami" title="Konami">Konami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konica_Minolta" title="Konica Minolta">Konica Minolta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KO_PROPO" title="KO PROPO">KO PROPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korg" title="Korg">Korg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyocera" title="Kyocera">Kyocera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxman" title="Luxman">Luxman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabuchi_Motor" title="Mabuchi Motor">Mabuchi Motor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamiya" title="Mamiya">Mamiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maspro_Denkoh" title="Maspro Denkoh">Maspro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melco" title="Melco">Melco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micron_Memory_Japan" title="Micron Memory Japan">Micron Memory Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MinebeaMitsumi" title="MinebeaMitsumi">MinebeaMitsumi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsumi_Electric" title="Mitsumi Electric">Mitsumi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Electric" title="Mitsubishi Electric">Mitsubishi Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murata_Manufacturing" title="Murata Manufacturing">Murata Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutoh_Europe_nv" title="Mutoh Europe nv">Mutoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakamichi" title="Nakamichi">Nakamichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NEC_Mobile_Communications" title="NEC Mobile Communications">Mobile Communications</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichia" title="Nichia">Nichia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichicon" title="Nichicon">Nichicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidec" title="Nidec">Nidec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nidec_Copal_Corporation" title="Nidec Copal Corporation">Nidec Copal Corporation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihon_Dempa_Kogyo" title="Nihon Dempa Kogyo">Nihon Dempa Kogyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikon" title="Nikon">Nikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Chemi-Con" title="Nippon Chemi-Con">Nippon Chemi-Con</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitto_Denko" title="Nitto Denko">Nitto Denko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKK_switches" title="NKK switches">NKK Switches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oki_Electric_Industry" title="Oki Electric Industry">Oki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympus_Corporation" title="Olympus Corporation">Olympus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omron" title="Omron">Omron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onkyo" title="Onkyo">Onkyo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Integra_Home_Theater" title="Integra Home Theater">Integra Home Theater</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Electric" title="Orion Electric">Orion Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanyo" title="Sanyo">Sanyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technics_(brand)" title="Technics (brand)">Technics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Corporation" title="Pioneer Corporation">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixela_Corporation" title="Pixela Corporation">Pixela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plextor" title="Plextor">Plextor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renesas_Electronics" title="Renesas Electronics">Renesas Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricoh" title="Ricoh">Ricoh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentax" title="Pentax">Pentax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riso_Kagaku_Corporation" title="Riso Kagaku Corporation">Riso Kagaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohm" title="Rohm">Rohm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Corporation" title="Roland Corporation">Roland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubycon_Corporation" title="Rubycon Corporation">Rubycon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung Electronics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansui_Electric" title="Sansui Electric">Sansui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanwa_Electronic" title="Sanwa Electronic">Sanwa Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCREEN_Holdings" title="SCREEN Holdings">SCREEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_Sammy_Holdings" title="Sega Sammy Holdings">Sega Sammy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiko_Group" title="Seiko Group">Seiko Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar_(watch)" title="Pulsar (watch)">Pulsar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Seiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epson" title="Epson">Epson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orient_Watch" title="Orient Watch">Orient Watch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiko_Instruments" title="Seiko Instruments">Seiko Instruments</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimadzu" title="Shimadzu">Shimadzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shindengen_Electric_Manufacturing" title="Shindengen Electric Manufacturing">Shindengen Electric Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Corporation" title="Sigma Corporation">Sigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNK" title="SNK">SNK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix">Square Enix</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taito" title="Taito">Taito</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Electric" title="Stanley Electric">Stanley Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Micronics" title="Star Micronics">Star Micronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stax_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Stax Ltd">Stax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumitomo_Electric_Industries" title="Sumitomo Electric Industries">Sumitomo Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiyo_Yuden" title="Taiyo Yuden">Taiyo Yuden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamron" title="Tamron">Tamron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDK" title="TDK">TDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TEAC_Corporation" title="TEAC Corporation">TEAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_Corporation" title="Tiger Corporation">Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOA_Corporation" title="TOA Corporation">TOA Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Electron" title="Tokyo Electron">Tokyo Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topcon" title="Topcon">Topcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniden" title="Uniden">Uniden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushio,_Inc." title="Ushio, Inc.">Ushio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wacom" title="Wacom">Wacom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaesu_(brand)" title="Yaesu (brand)">Yaesu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamaha_Corporation" title="Yamaha Corporation">Yamaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaskawa_Electric_Corporation" title="Yaskawa Electric Corporation">Yaskawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokogawa_Electric" title="Yokogawa Electric">Yokogawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zojirushi" title="Zojirushi">Zojirushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_Corporation" title="Zoom Corporation">Zoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuken" title="Zuken">Zuken</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiwa" title="Aiwa">Aiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akai" title="Akai">Akai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronica" title="Bronica">Bronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinon_Industries" title="Chinon Industries">Chinon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contax" title="Contax">Contax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JOLED" title="JOLED">JOLED</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konica" title="Konica">Konica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minolta" title="Minolta">Minolta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_(brand)" title="National (brand)">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norita" title="Norita">Norita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okaya_Optical" title="Okaya Optical">Okaya Optical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Industries_Association_of_Japan" title="Electronic Industries Association of Japan">Electronic Industries Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation_Network_Corporation_of_Japan" title="Innovation Network Corporation of Japan">INCJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Electronic_Industries_Development_Association" title="Japan Electronic Industries Development Association">Japan Electronic Industries Development Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Electronics_and_Information_Technology_Industries_Association" title="Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association">Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagi%E2%80%93Uda_antenna" title="Yagi–Uda antenna">Yagi–Uda antenna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Electronics_industry_in_Japan" title="Category:Electronics industry in Japan">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322601#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata875" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322601#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata875" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322601#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02730660?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Seiko"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/label/299c9540-fe0f-447c-a6f7-f5ad5c9ecef3">MusicBrainz label</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a 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