CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135769f09a7ce55',cH: 'FHmexJ74xpK6ZzWG3J6F2sjlEnr_zCDB0nQjtanHd8U-1739792015-1.2.1.1-7GP2NTJPdO7.lsIjxW9Vt4q1Hs.0VlnjHA8_gd9JOSLraJMxbKwkDV840Uob3ScV',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=technology%20championing&__cf_chl_tk=nAi8WKSBnnv9Gh0fvJbPH3Cn2UscQ1P5idg.rb0Pen8-1739792015-1.0.1.1-yo6qpp5q.2XlHCmrvigfkPSFICOIVHC83kV5N683jto",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739792015',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=technology%20championing&__cf_chl_f_tk=nAi8WKSBnnv9Gh0fvJbPH3Cn2UscQ1P5idg.rb0Pen8-1739792015-1.0.1.1-yo6qpp5q.2XlHCmrvigfkPSFICOIVHC83kV5N683jto",md: "Ey6mp8uwiOuDjbKxoubnmDM4y0gcnI1P7ucND0XibG0-1739792015-1.2.1.1-f4.8hKUWenSt.5X0hg01MGU42LM8bi_Izh1ChwWqQMkNM204BxBsHT0dDFA.vdj3FSagRepzgf5oin.3juaP5TYRitgfuE13kAQP8F3pGsnpPEN8MsQptMZfROykduvErO59rkXogxDxHg57x7QzYktyTEfDgWX3vQnOGLpN6qpt1X4QVvX4C8Jj8V0Q7sgZ81jcm1bCY6tEZVjVJqPc.qNE2CA27YMtUIULWoCEw25apczEQuuYXa7ld31Gf7dScUi.Y7usdpXCcVq.6DhGKp_XLe0Hz0nYcKemufEchorzxXVoKSy2wYggekW_ULn5TuDj8eElIRS0vK8C8qE5BVOZ_NYkQQswwGazbuhtm0jb_lGAFuHA4ojs5dDi6GdlceU5NE9tvsJyHK.ZR.o0yKtGj1_1Ngi19EVyVz3v8Z1ejj6RdTSxggN2JrSUsXcsgbxgquugIgJtj3Z1AfPzK_M7P4eFW3km9LmULU2ZLvpR42keIenE2bPOdJ2.noXmLv8JoFj21HdkdVlo60n83pYtPP4.N9Z84rAsC11tdqn2e6B7Bguwh7w2xVabohvEp.beDZQ_t2NOvgdCwNsRaR52ZVQNxcTOMY21Deuue8zU6G2p9A3A6ONKPc1lp4A9JtuzbdmN1146AZhuIFt_VN80xQmpSTepGEZKoq2Fi03AZoSlAq2guzKPOWefafWBdtLKaOd6tyZ68W9.LXfcsxFHVgy6cacxhZ5dwsYdI8EwfHw5pf1sQvxyRVRwS9vHgWGi2_n39SaSZ4GXy5ZJ43llG9rKoG87pV_xibmkW0r6Llbzq9xj2aTdeAV0ZrZYcw4R_alwtO5ptteKaHMBwAUizVbRNSy7cFvnAD0fKIYswq4bhIleB3BeEiSKjMQV0xFKBpA3N7TUgBi6rAqJBad.YJnEsCI0xlhMYIPrnJbTuTXNjLv6z3ZT.6dO4OXxkSY8Rb83qRSUy7MmIXZPW5JM_6ia4sqNcmIN3aUlhbvcQkOUGIZRe.go9wyeUP9DMzgRNaMRaCv6iLTrEpRMPIXKeJUVmI1nbRixi7Gqn1b4je.U1AQfQibTVo5b4n6JwU.xDVSRHMLSAp8XJ7CbPIBPObCZxHDrkuaLiMFfuOPQDGSq9VDbLUWRsoch6Ez2yQzYebqLyQnJ3v9_l9psaQ13jKfWLIJqigTuAvP77hjao3EPnnSyyTDqxlpr.jGcNkGsohXPRP8DzfWqPa4l3S.qz2vUUdocuvvrjPk9M8oer7XrM4ysg8ezDdpWTNaFMNHyShep7b6efW97_xHK3z25UcxXnr16DQkPaPv1nXlkhMpEvKxIhFKU2LRHOUwxlfluUrUFEsP7RHxazk.sGJNNWG_hOrw4Qhyf.suYvPzg9lJIKUMVHz9Rq.JPLESIQ2YsqbZsoVBceOz_zpYIiDMocSWH6xSHnt0GEKxcliAXSNfQdzEb.Gz5B09r4SM6j8Lb9Y4Dvu9.RpHu1Q3Hd0OYR.NprxsHUAuZjoc7nr8YjD_UC13Z4bFL0A2PjsqOxd8YS3VryUwIAvrpIOoRHmG8dH0L1K7_5dOz_c8Rsn5Iw7m255lfDWsphvvDnOX6QPP4k6Z5F81HoSOYs6T6N4oO4.cTUNpAsW10GgUyn_Y1vNV2gFTsiLPBkVfk1ZAGec5S6Tuo86D4MRVADSbLH_ZQHgda9UjYUdbcyBWfeEznoRiv2K7P9mWjJ7g1BBv9nqSQeP2n2sESK4xpMFPxVPhjYN.TWnj80S3CmLo_GIypP_XDgX7L0gqYnOULgUhyFQuvWxYJCP1QeCsJIl9dCfE7SqMEYQxV8U0GDP5o0IJOUQ4B6AdBeZ9Ptc6Hfa9XKkbEkg8nV6siFI8YXopduKAKMgsnPw0aVa69gyuYXTjXDgFyzAqPoVUVZPSf8SstiTpn4kQZ7v.cLMAw9dwdTpGt2cpY5xkzdCqWaiqDnKZoH9NxTMmjuNmDJBAIxB3X",mdrd: "5LRWjMhjs519WgGLTjcLrfa8SR_oo73R9fGJphxRlP4-1739792015-1.2.1.1-TExmAkygBOdTTV0SQqOFjFxoeEfb2NafI8SriAuP_ho7FuwWGwiRunxbVYtLFtrQDhqVPMHg0XiKxxOnVW5D23fpbywwpLzfi9DHDWZiN0byI47UkAD_eZWvOVg_zSM2oF1EATu9mVhx4akk1zauC8SgsWZhISCwP4DppY.cijb4rdaRsySIt7V6CfnvS6Ykin1B4A1zobpD6iiZcWv9LUgJ_w9DVExx.tQyiBi59kfAURG2k3g24CLW85rLM.4q1cF.8HukbfKwqjB_luG2bUhNCy0PuEmqLc2M_tvMa6IoOeKzohsSFiTskjrGJlIfv_D_E.r3fZgrQktvRBehgTBiY_u_g8wKy0ucoGNx.UW.G9MZkL64yQelGKn1FIP1W5Hn7GIf05GxybOBjAZpILbGaKijNLgzbfqTIgAt1wtmTm2C3B8iwFEOAAysLu5b9b1Q67R3K696QH5wtPOyhqO6are3MybDVkwk50GgsNCc2AUJScChqj3CGMjOXOWPpyEwSEq7rb4BBuCy_YhjDwQaQB8zeDHbJ3uDv92lxJXHorkFMAeXCIvYESv25q_k.bZuJyFh3pUq.zYNeEcBoVsqi9vKVxG3V2wXPwGLnpk2MOpal6ynyoTy3uzqrx5nxQ7ZnkwUFLTtc.xZcpiogLd50G1RyvrNt4jpD8pFAgxONzwD_u0fa5WHZ2mIsebrFKD8_aTfRgRVP4GSbgNWPOU_i.wnrr0UcZXHllyJr.gFKLvfGKZMFuG1Bod84cZvPsqI43sz83NvAxx8tqvEAzVP4nXxCxninKmXDDd5IqcS6TvLX3saBA0rYww6VuzlR3XzvceVLc7QY.mDGvimnbFr3lWUiY8gs0FwMR7.iizg2dzsRCldVqZlBjbWAWxT5bmZMrbW0I9DX66nzNLMBwKQsdIqokTvEOorHFkNSmjwWZ5dHeZpRzxNQQ9KuehhIHEM6vjPxNFYwlNVt39OxM_LJApjw.ATqDFYVT6GTXyMj8MFOjzk2j72MWJrfm1xMDjn5LcECpu5.LNRTkxNvmwJij_zMdSDMcV1Ixm4UcrIzK_.BrVZsMjgRSdBSCKXzpJwFun90tz2P.HhjKkg8NUotnKz9j3SRk3nIRQEUFttczvlgeC36sCvH7kaXJFTV3u3hB8DzzRjU7sLby26dil7tDKticoHw3DccFxDH7snGmQuw0F2yacvA0eHcVbdEA7C1HAtPRlnnWLZi7ek7LmpjbivqOcGdSIP7kz1nDLR.TvDfQ1fic.2up_Rov1bWwpya__NsZVSrcYKnyoKd30qwR6oBHgjt07h5ZAl2tjBrYwejDdeOkNaFLI6tMb8H991kP5oN.Pa0XIBoaEn4LLX4DXUGhJCkaJm95mRyKG8BOXuDU_6SJwm3Prcy9Iza19dUumLM4qwPLOHREdj7ONJ5xtl3XoyVR8WnqocR2xdPqdNcTuM11_GWvWxEsX3qd0YjMNHpRP8o.ZwUULp_p97T0KRyb3ESkUnHWoG7ji.XDPM42_eRYPlgSHxAYJktnqmlPsxga0MOdGwjGo9niwjWOXelY6WNLdpxfbffC7XROw6yv0J_I69we1w0YO9HfjkAeQdQS1iAna8IpD17UVMBo151dsgRfDqyEfHFrtC_GExXhItCbobqH3lX.aTJU.TVtKOgJcnGgR5h1qxignNqlo0nFBVold2DDeqWZnwj0_XyhCNvgAjgaY37P_5RT.vOBdjMqd_5yXkSrDTcvDhkKzjvG8XyxOng7QCr9rFiiW0WBzBQxewouyQI5WERQRo.CMs3fcsjq4KGRUbDPaskmxPW_pGImhyTKb4cMwX9u0oe.bqtDlsL.lKeFIN..AF7U.sy2rOHngiFSamI_HcdFlVq6bUgD9A.cNv3EIUV5ofyUNu47UVa7mXpN2Tz_t2vurWF.POiAmyIdrgSMtdRoVTmF78wBIXNM72DREYGsyqcxJ3ByYMpb2EQXHR"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135769f09a7ce55';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=technology%20championing&__cf_chl_rt_tk=nAi8WKSBnnv9Gh0fvJbPH3Cn2UscQ1P5idg.rb0Pen8-1739792015-1.0.1.1-yo6qpp5q.2XlHCmrvigfkPSFICOIVHC83kV5N683jto" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>