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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Stabilitas_orbital" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stabilitas_orbital"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Stabilitas orbital</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stabilitas_orbital-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keterbatasan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keterbatasan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Keterbatasan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keterbatasan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Derivasi_untuk_ketinggian_geostasioner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Derivasi_untuk_ketinggian_geostasioner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Derivasi untuk ketinggian geostasioner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Derivasi_untuk_ketinggian_geostasioner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Orbit geostasioner</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 65 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostasion%C3%AAre_wentelbaan" title="Geostasionêre wentelbaan – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Geostasionêre wentelbaan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbita_cheoestacionaria" title="Orbita cheoestacionaria – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Orbita cheoestacionaria" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA" title="مدار جغرافي ثابت – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدار جغرافي ثابت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93rbita_xeoestacionaria" title="Órbita xeoestacionaria – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Órbita xeoestacionaria" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostasionar_orbit" title="Geostasionar orbit – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Geostasionar orbit" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Геастацыянарная арбіта – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Геастацыянарная арбіта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Геастацыянарная арбіта – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Геастацыянарная арбіта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Геостационарна орбита – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Геостационарна орбита" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A5" title="ভূস্থির কক্ষপথ – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভূস্থির কক্ষপথ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbitenn_geoarsavel" title="Orbitenn geoarsavel – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Orbitenn geoarsavel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostacionarna_orbita" title="Geostacionarna orbita – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Geostacionarna orbita" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92rbita_geoestacion%C3%A0ria" title="Òrbita geoestacionària – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Òrbita geoestacionària" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostacion%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha" title="Geostacionární dráha – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Geostacionární dráha" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostation%C3%A6re_bane" title="Geostationære bane – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Geostationære bane" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geosynchrone_Umlaufbahn#Geostationäre_Umlaufbahn" title="Geosynchrone Umlaufbahn – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geosynchrone Umlaufbahn" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%B9%CE%AC" title="Γεωστατική τροχιά – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γεωστατική τροχιά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostationary_orbit" title="Geostationary orbit – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Geostationary orbit" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93rbita_geoestacionaria" title="Órbita geoestacionaria – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Órbita geoestacionaria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostatsionaarne_orbiit" title="Geostatsionaarne orbiit – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Geostatsionaarne orbiit" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbita_geoestazionario" title="Orbita geoestazionario – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Orbita geoestazionario" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="مدار زمین‌ایستا – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدار زمین‌ایستا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostationaarinen_kiertorata" title="Geostationaarinen kiertorata – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Geostationaarinen kiertorata" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbite_g%C3%A9ostationnaire" title="Orbite géostationnaire – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Orbite géostationnaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93rbita_xeoestacionaria" title="Órbita xeoestacionaria – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Órbita xeoestacionaria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99" title="מסלול גאוסטציונרי – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מסלול גאוסטציונרי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="भूस्थिर कक्षा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भूस्थिर कक्षा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostacionarni_satelit" title="Geostacionarni satelit – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Geostacionarni satelit" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostacion%C3%A1rius_p%C3%A1lya" title="Geostacionárius pálya – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Geostacionárius pálya" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbita_geostazionaria" title="Orbita geostazionaria – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Orbita geostazionaria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E6%AD%A2%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93" title="静止軌道 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="静止軌道" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="გეოსტაციონარული ორბიტა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გეოსტაციონარული ორბიტა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Геостационарлық орбита – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Геостационарлық орбита" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%A7%80_%EA%B6%A4%EB%8F%84" title="정지 궤도 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="정지 궤도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A2eostacion%C4%81r%C4%81_orb%C4%ABta" title="Ģeostacionārā orbīta – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ģeostacionārā orbīta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%82" title="ഭൂസ്ഥിര ഭ്രമണപഥം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭൂസ്ഥിര ഭ്രമണപഥം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Тогтмол тойрог зам – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тогтмол тойрог зам" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit_geopegun" title="Orbit geopegun – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orbit geopegun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostationaire_baan" title="Geostationaire baan – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geostationaire baan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostasjon%C3%A6r_bane" title="Geostasjonær bane – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Geostasjonær bane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostasjon%C3%A6r_bane" title="Geostasjonær bane – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Geostasjonær bane" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbita_geoestacion%C3%A0ria" title="Orbita geoestacionària – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Orbita geoestacionària" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbita_geostacjonarna" title="Orbita geostacjonarna – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Orbita geostacjonarna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%B9" title="جیوسٹیشنری آربٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جیوسٹیشنری آربٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93rbita_geoestacion%C3%A1ria" title="Órbita geoestacionária – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Órbita geoestacionária" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit%C4%83_geosta%C8%9Bionar%C4%83" title="Orbită geostaționară – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Orbită geostaționară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Геостационарная орбита – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Геостационарная орбита" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostacionarna_orbita" title="Geostacionarna orbita – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Geostacionarna orbita" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%BA" title="භූස්ථාවර කක්ෂය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="භූස්ථාවර කක්ෂය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostationary_orbit" title="Geostationary orbit – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Geostationary orbit" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostacion%C3%A1rna_dr%C3%A1ha" title="Geostacionárna dráha – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Geostacionárna dráha" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostacionarna_orbita" title="Geostacionarna orbita – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Geostacionarna orbita" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Геостационарна орбита – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Геостационарна орбита" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit_G%C3%A9osetasion%C3%A9r" title="Orbit Géosetasionér – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Orbit Géosetasionér" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostation%C3%A4r_omloppsbana" title="Geostationär omloppsbana – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Geostationär omloppsbana" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88" title="புவிநிலைச் சுற்றுப்பாதை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புவிநிலைச் சுற்றுப்பாதை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%82_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF" title="భూ స్థిర కక్ష్య – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భూ స్థిర కక్ష్య" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Мадори заминисто – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мадори заминисто" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="วงโคจรค้างฟ้า – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วงโคจรค้างฟ้า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeostatik_y%C3%B6r%C3%BCnge" title="Jeostatik yörünge – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jeostatik yörünge" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Геостаціонарна орбіта – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Геостаціонарна орбіта" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%B9" title="جیوسٹیشنری آربٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جیوسٹیشنری آربٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%B9_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1o_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Ba_t%C4%A9nh" title="Quỹ đạo địa tĩnh – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quỹ đạo địa tĩnh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E9%9D%99%E6%AD%A2%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93" title="地球静止轨道 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="地球静止轨道" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E9%9D%9C%E6%AD%A2%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93" title="地球靜止軌道 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="地球靜止軌道" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E9%9D%9C%E6%AD%A2%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93" title="地球靜止軌道 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="地球靜止軌道" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q192316#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Geostat.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Geostat.gif/220px-Geostat.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Geostat.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Orbit Geostasioner</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r15025838/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Animation_of_EchoStar_XVII_trajectory.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Animation_of_EchoStar_XVII_trajectory.gif/200px-Animation_of_EchoStar_XVII_trajectory.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Animation_of_EchoStar_XVII_trajectory.gif/300px-Animation_of_EchoStar_XVII_trajectory.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Animation_of_EchoStar_XVII_trajectory.gif/400px-Animation_of_EchoStar_XVII_trajectory.gif 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="420" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Animation_of_EchoStar_XVII_trajectory_Equatorial_view.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Animation_of_EchoStar_XVII_trajectory_Equatorial_view.gif/200px-Animation_of_EchoStar_XVII_trajectory_Equatorial_view.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Animation_of_EchoStar_XVII_trajectory_Equatorial_view.gif/300px-Animation_of_EchoStar_XVII_trajectory_Equatorial_view.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Animation_of_EchoStar_XVII_trajectory_Equatorial_view.gif/400px-Animation_of_EchoStar_XVII_trajectory_Equatorial_view.gif 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="420" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left;background-color:transparent">Contoh lintasan spiral-keluar: transisi dari <a href="/wiki/Orbit_transfer_geostasioner" title="Orbit transfer geostasioner">Orbit transfer geostasioner</a> (GTO) ke <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Orbit geostasioner</a> (GEO). Tanggal 5 Juli 2012, 21:36 UTC dengan roket Ariane 5ECA tahap atas ESC (Étage Supérieur Cryotechnique — Cryogenic Upper Stage) <br /><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:magenta; color:magenta;">     </span> <a href="/wiki/EchoStar_XVII" title="EchoStar XVII">EchoStar XVII</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:RoyalBlue; color:RoyalBlue;">     </span> <a href="/wiki/Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth">Earth</a></span>.</div></div></div></div> <p><b>Orbit Geostasioner</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>: <span lang="en"><i>geostationary orbit</i></span>) adalah <a href="/wiki/Orbit_geosinkron" title="Orbit geosinkron">orbit geosinkron</a> yang berada tepat di atas <a href="/wiki/Ekuator" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekuator">ekuator</a> <a href="/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi">Bumi</a> (garis lintang 0°), dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksentrisitas_orbital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eksentrisitas orbital (halaman belum tersedia)">eksentrisitas orbital</a> sama dengan nol. Dari permukaan Bumi, objek yang berada di orbit geostasioner akan tampak diam (tidak bergerak) di angkasa karena perioda orbit objek tersebut mengelilingi Bumi sama dengan perioda <a href="/wiki/Rotasi_Bumi" title="Rotasi Bumi">rotasi Bumi</a>. Orbit ini sangat diminati oleh operator-operator <a href="/wiki/Satelit_buatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Satelit buatan">satelit buatan</a> (termasuk satelit komunikasi dan televisi). Karena letaknya konstan pada lintang 0°, lokasi satelit hanya dibedakan oleh letaknya di <a href="/wiki/Bujur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bujur">bujur</a> Bumi. </p><p>Ide <a href="/wiki/Satelit_geostasioner" class="mw-redirect" title="Satelit geostasioner">satelit geostasioner</a> untuk kegunaan komunikasi dipublikasikan pada tahun 1928 oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Poto%C4%8Dnik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herman Potočnik (halaman belum tersedia)">Herman Potočnik</a>. Orbit geostasioner dipopulerkan pertama kali oleh penulis <a href="/wiki/Fiksi_ilmiah" title="Fiksi ilmiah">fiksi ilmiah</a> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> pada tahun 1945 sebagai orbit yang berguna untuk satelit komunikasi. Oleh karena itu, orbit ini kadang disebut sebagai <b>orbit Clarke</b>. Dikenal pula istilah <b>Sabuk Clarke</b> yang menunjukkan bagian angkasa 35,786 km dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Permukaan_laut_rata-rata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permukaan laut rata-rata (halaman belum tersedia)">permukaan laut rata-rata</a> di atas ekuator di mana orbit yang mendekati geostasioner dapat dicapai. </p><p>Orbit geostasioner sangat berguna karena dapat menyebabkan sebuah satelit seolah olah diam terhadap satu titik di permukaan Bumi yang berputar. Akibatnya, sebuah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antena_(electronika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antena (electronika) (halaman belum tersedia)">antena</a> dapat menunjuk ke satu arah tertentu dan tetap berhubungan dengan satelit. Satelit mengorbit searah dengan rotasi Bumi pada ketinggian sekitar 35,786 km (22,240 <i>statute miles</i>) di atas permukaan tanah. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stabilitas_orbital">Stabilitas orbital</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbit_geostasioner&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Stabilitas orbital" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbit_geostasioner&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Stabilitas orbital"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sebuah orbit geostasioner hanya dapat dicapai pada ketinggian mendekati 35,786 km (22,236 mil) dan tepat di atas khatulistiwa. Ini setara dengan kecepatan orbital 3,07 km/s (1,91 mi/s) atau jangka waktu 1,436 menit, yang setara dengan hampir tepat satu hari sideris atau 23,934461223 jam. Hal ini memastikan bahwa satelit terkunci dengan periode rotasi Bumi dan memiliki jejak stasioner terhadap Bumi. Semua satelit geostasioner harus terletak di cincin ini. </p><p>Kombinasi gravitasi Bulan, gravitasi Matahari, dan mendatarkan Bumi di kutub menyebabkan gerak presesi bidang orbit benda geostasioner, dengan jangka waktu sekitar 53 tahun dan gradien kemiringan awal sekitar 0,85° per tahun, mencapai kemiringan maksimal 15 derajat setelah 26,5 tahun. Untuk mengoreksi gangguan orbital ini, manuver <i>stationkeeping</i> orbital diperlukan, sebesar Δv sekitar 50 m/s per tahun. </p><p>Efek kedua yang akan diperhitungkan adalah penyimpangan bujur yang disebabkan oleh asimetri Bumi—khatulistiwa sedikit elips. Ada dua stabil (pada 75,3° BT, dan pada 104,7° BB) dan dua tidak stabil (pada 165,3° BT, dan pada 14,7° BB) titik ekuilibrium. Setiap objek geostasioner yang ditempatkan di antara titik-titik ekuilibrium akan (tanpa tindakan apapun) perlahan-lahan dipercepat ke posisi ekuilibrium stabil, menyebabkan variasi bujur periodik. Koreksi efek ini membutuhkan manuver kontrol orbit dengan Δv maksimum sekitar 2 m/s per tahun, tergantung pada bujur yang diinginkan. </p><p>Angin dan tekanan radiasi matahari juga memberikan sedikit gaya pada satelit yang, dari waktu ke waktu, menyebabkan satelit perlahan-lahan menjauh dari orbit yang ditentukan. </p><p>Dengan tidak adanya pelayanan misi dari Bumi atau metode propulsi terbarukan, konsumsi bahan bakar roket untuk menjaga posisi satelit membatasi masa penggunaannya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keterbatasan">Keterbatasan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbit_geostasioner&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Keterbatasan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbit_geostasioner&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Keterbatasan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Walaupun orbit geostasioner dapat menjaga suatu satelit berada pada tempat yang tetap di atas ekuator, perturbasi orbital dapat menyebabkan satelit secara perlahan-lahan berpindah dari lokasi geostasioner. Perturbasi orbital adalah fenomena di mana orbit satelit berubah akibat satu atau lebih pengaruh eksternal seperti anomali distribusi gravitasi bumi, gangguan gaya tarik dari bulan, benturan meteor atau benda-benda lain, atau tekanan radiasi matahari. Satelit melakukan koreksi dengan melakukan manuver yang dikontrol oleh stasiun di Bumi, manuver ini dikenal dengan manuver utara-selatan (North-South Correction) dan manuver barat-timur (West-East Correction). Manuver-manuver ini menggunakan roket-roket kecil (thrusters)yang ada pada badan satelit dan arahnya diatur sesuai dengan arah koreksi. Penyalaan roket-roket kecil ini akan menkonsumsi bahan bakar yang dibawa satelit dari bumi sebagai bekal. Apabila bekal ini habis, maka habislah umur operasi satelit - karena ketika ia menyeleweng dari orbitnya, tiada jalan lagi bagi operator dari bumi untuk mengoreksinya dan mengembalikannya ke tampat seharusnya ia berada. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Derivasi_untuk_ketinggian_geostasioner">Derivasi untuk ketinggian geostasioner</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbit_geostasioner&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Derivasi untuk ketinggian geostasioner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbit_geostasioner&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Derivasi untuk ketinggian geostasioner"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dalam setiap orbit lingkaran, gaya sentripetal yang diperlukan untuk mempertahankan orbit (Fc) diimbangi oleh gaya gravitasi pada satelit (Fg). Untuk menghitung ketinggian orbit geostasioner, dimulai dengan kesetaraan ini: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} _{\text{c}}=\mathbf {F} _{\text{g}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">F</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>c</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">F</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>g</mtext> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} _{\text{c}}=\mathbf {F} _{\text{g}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b9ecb2694892db879fd5e2779416996d3419950e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:8.48ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} _{\text{c}}=\mathbf {F} _{\text{g}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Menurut hukum kedua Newton tentang gerak, kita dapat mengganti gaya F dengan massa m dari objek dikalikan dengan percepatan yang dialami oleh objek karena adanya gaya tersebut: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m\mathbf {a} _{\text{c}}=m\mathbf {g} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>m</mi> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">a</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>c</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">g</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m\mathbf {a} _{\text{c}}=m\mathbf {g} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/39a0df85bbd7a30a5cc9eccf0f59315efecf4fd1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.778ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m\mathbf {a} _{\text{c}}=m\mathbf {g} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>ac adalah percepatan sentripetal, dan terlihat bahwa massa satelit m muncul di kedua sisi, jadi bisa dihilangkan (saling mencancel) - Orbit geostasioner memang tidak tergantung pada massa satelit. Jadi menghitung ketinggian tersederhanakan menjadi perhitungan di titik di mana besaran percepatan sentripetal yang diperlukan untuk melakukan gerakan orbital dan percepatan gravitasi yang diberikan oleh gravitasi bumi adalah sama. </p><p>Besarnya percepatan sentripetal adalah: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |\mathbf {a} _{\text{c}}|=\omega ^{2}r}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">a</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>c</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>r</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |\mathbf {a} _{\text{c}}|=\omega ^{2}r}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ea59ff79fe69d75aee7165d422c61ff8ed45416e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.203ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |\mathbf {a} _{\text{c}}|=\omega ^{2}r}"></span></dd></dl> <p>di mana ω adalah <a href="/wiki/Kecepatan_sudut" title="Kecepatan sudut">kecepatan sudut</a>, dan r adalah radius orbital yang diukur dari <a href="/wiki/Pusat_massa" title="Pusat massa">pusat massa</a> bumi. </p><p>Besarnya percepatan gravitasi adalah: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |\mathbf {g} |={\frac {GM}{r^{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">g</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |\mathbf {g} |={\frac {GM}{r^{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/381acc29dbe894cd3e570592c2db146d8090b367" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:10.834ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |\mathbf {g} |={\frac {GM}{r^{2}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>di mana M adalah massa Bumi, 5.9736 × 1024 kg, dan G adalah <a href="/wiki/Tetapan_gravitasi" title="Tetapan gravitasi">konstanta gravitasi</a>, 00067 × 10−11 m3 kg−1 s−2. Dengan menyamakan kedua persamaan percepatan di atas, memberikan: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r^{3}={\frac {GM}{\omega ^{2}}}\to r={\sqrt[{3}]{\frac {GM}{\omega ^{2}}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> <msup> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mroot> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> <msup> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </mroot> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r^{3}={\frac {GM}{\omega ^{2}}}\to r={\sqrt[{3}]{\frac {GM}{\omega ^{2}}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/180afe4e9da7670c6baa5db2fb06811a0469cb02" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:25.496ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r^{3}={\frac {GM}{\omega ^{2}}}\to r={\sqrt[{3}]{\frac {GM}{\omega ^{2}}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Nilai dari perkalian G dan M (G.M) lebih presisi daripada nilai masing-masing faktor tersebut dan dikenal sebagai konstanta geosentris gravitasi μ = 398,600.4418 ± 0.0008 km3 s−2 </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r={\sqrt[{3}]{\frac {\mu }{\omega ^{2}}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>r</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mroot> <mfrac> <mi>μ</mi> <msup> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </mroot> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r={\sqrt[{3}]{\frac {\mu }{\omega ^{2}}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/86fc9c7797f74da609ad17740a92d557e33af69e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:9.807ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r={\sqrt[{3}]{\frac {\mu }{\omega ^{2}}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>ω atau kecepatan sudut dapat dicari dengan membagi sudut yang ditempuh dalam satu putaran (360 ° = 2π rad) dengan <a href="/wiki/Periode_orbit" title="Periode orbit">periode orbit</a> atau T (waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat satu revolusi penuh). Dalam kasus orbit geostasioner, periode orbit adalah satu hari siderial, atau 86,164.09054 detik. Hal ini memberikan.: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \omega \approx {\frac {2\mathrm {\pi } ~\mathrm {rad} }{86\,164~\mathrm {s} }}\approx 7.2921\times 10^{-5}~\mathrm {rad} /\mathrm {s} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ω</mi> <mo>≈</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>86</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>164</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>≈</mo> <mn>7.2921</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \omega \approx {\frac {2\mathrm {\pi } ~\mathrm {rad} }{86\,164~\mathrm {s} }}\approx 7.2921\times 10^{-5}~\mathrm {rad} /\mathrm {s} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6a73fe39ccd2ab0bc134e5b9154f561129297a72" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:36.158ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \omega \approx {\frac {2\mathrm {\pi } ~\mathrm {rad} }{86\,164~\mathrm {s} }}\approx 7.2921\times 10^{-5}~\mathrm {rad} /\mathrm {s} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>Jari-jari orbit yang dihasilkan adalah 42.164 kilometer (26.199 mil). Jika dikurangkan dengan jari-jari ekuator Bumi, 6.378 kilometer (3.963 mil), memberikan ketinggian 35.786 kilometer (22.236 mil). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kecepatan_orbit" title="Kecepatan orbit">Kecepatan orbit</a> satelit (seberapa cepat satelit bergerak melalui ruang) dihitung dengan mengalikan kecepatan sudut dengan jari-jari orbit: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v=\omega r\approx 3.0746~\mathrm {km} /\mathrm {s} \approx 11\,068~\mathrm {km} /\mathrm {h} \approx 6877.8~\mathrm {mph} {\text{.}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>ω</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mo>≈</mo> <mn>3.0746</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> </mrow> <mo>≈</mo> <mn>11</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>068</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi> </mrow> <mo>≈</mo> <mn>6877.8</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>.</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v=\omega r\approx 3.0746~\mathrm {km} /\mathrm {s} \approx 11\,068~\mathrm {km} /\mathrm {h} \approx 6877.8~\mathrm {mph} {\text{.}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ad0beb596523d0642a8a6c81908e6b81d6d5bc8b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:52.904ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v=\omega r\approx 3.0746~\mathrm {km} /\mathrm {s} \approx 11\,068~\mathrm {km} /\mathrm {h} \approx 6877.8~\mathrm {mph} {\text{.}}}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbit_geostasioner&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbit_geostasioner&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satelit" title="Satelit">Satelit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit">Orbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbit_geosinkron" title="Orbit geosinkron">Orbit geosinkron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lift_luar_angkasa" title="Lift luar angkasa">Lift luar angkasa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbit_geostasioner&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbit_geostasioner&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sque.co.uk/physics/geostationary-orbit/">Graphical derivation of the geostationary orbit radius for the Earth</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120223556/http://www.sque.co.uk/physics/geostationary-orbit/">Diarsipkan</a> 2008-11-20 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.braeunig.us/space/orbmech.htm">ORBITAL MECHANICS</a> (Rocket and Space Technology)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.satsig.net/sslist.htm">List of satellites in geostationary orbit</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1728.org/kepler3a.htm">G · m · t² = 4 · π² · r³. Kepler's 3rd Law. Ultra Calculator. Solves for Mass, Orbital Radius or Time</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1728.org/kepler3.htm">Kepler's 3rd Law Calculator. T 2 = R 3</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.golombek.com/sat/">Clarke Belt Snapshot Calculator</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060626002953/http://www.golombek.com/sat/">Diarsipkan</a> 2006-06-26 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.nasa.gov/Realtime/jtrack/3d/JTrack3D.html">3D Real Time Satellite Tracking</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.1728.org/kepler3a.htm">http://www.1728.org/kepler3a.htm</a> G · m · t² = 4 · π² · r³,Kepler's 3rd Law, Ultra Calculator</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/48698/what-is-geostationary-orbit-radius">http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/48698/what-is-geostationary-orbit-radius</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.schoolphysics.co.uk/age16-19/Mechanics/Gravitation/text/Geostationary_satellite/index.html">http://www.schoolphysics.co.uk/age16-19/Mechanics/Gravitation/text/Geostationary_satellite/index.html</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orbit_geostasioner&oldid=26565923">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orbit_geostasioner&oldid=26565923</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Astrodinamika" title="Kategori:Astrodinamika">Astrodinamika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Satelit" title="Kategori:Satelit">Satelit</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Orbit_Bumi" title="Kategori:Orbit Bumi">Orbit Bumi</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Templat_webarchive_tautan_wayback" title="Kategori:Templat webarchive tautan wayback">Templat webarchive tautan wayback</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Halaman ini terakhir diubah pada 25 November 2024, pukul 17.11.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks tersedia di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Lisensi Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa Creative Commons</a>; ketentuan tambahan mungkin berlaku. 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