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Canada's Not Ruling Out Energy, Minerals In Trump Trade War | TIME
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id="intro-section" class="font-editorial text-black-coffee text-mobile-h2 lg:text-h2">Canada Isn’t Ruling Out Energy and Minerals In Its Response to Trump’s Trade War</h1></div><div class="flex items-center gap-4"><ul class="flex gap-2"><li><a class="inline-flex items-center justify-center gap-2 whitespace-nowrap transition-colors focus-visible:border-transparent disabled:pointer-events-none support:hover:cursor-pointer focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-black-coffee focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:shadow-focus-color rounded-sm border px-2.5 py-1.5 font-graphik-compact text-cta-small uppercase rounded-2 border-warm-grey-2 bg-transparent text-black-coffee support:hover:bg-warm-grey-2" href="/section/climate/">Climate</a></li><li><a class="inline-flex items-center justify-center gap-2 whitespace-nowrap transition-colors focus-visible:border-transparent disabled:pointer-events-none support:hover:cursor-pointer focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-black-coffee focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:shadow-focus-color rounded-sm border px-2.5 py-1.5 font-graphik-compact text-cta-small uppercase rounded-2 border-warm-grey-2 bg-transparent text-black-coffee support:hover:bg-warm-grey-2" href="/tag/co2-leadership-report/">Leadership Report</a></li></ul><button class="inline-flex items-center justify-center whitespace-nowrap font-graphik transition-colors focus-visible:border-transparent disabled:pointer-events-none support:hover:cursor-pointer focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-black-coffee focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:shadow-focus-color gap-0 rounded-full bg-transparent p-0 support:hover:[&_svg]:text-grey-1" aria-label="Share this story" type="button" id="radix-:R9l9ljtttqcq:" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-expanded="false" data-state="closed"><svg width="1.5rem" height="1.5rem" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" 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srcSet="https://api.time.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/TIME-JustinWorland.jpg?quality=85&w=72&crop=1&q=85&h=72 1x, https://api.time.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/TIME-JustinWorland.jpg?quality=85&w=72&crop=1&q=85&h=72 2x" src="https://api.time.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/TIME-JustinWorland.jpg?quality=85&w=72&crop=1&q=85&h=72"/></span></div><div><div class="mb-1 font-graphik-compact text-t4 text-black-coffee flex"><span class="mr-1">by </span><div><a class="underline hover:text-brand-red focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-black-coffee focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:shadow-focus-color" href="/author/justin-worland/">Justin Worland/Houston, Texas</a></div></div><p class="font-graphik-compact text-metadata uppercase text-grey-1">Senior Correspondent</p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="col-span-full my-auto lg:col-span-7"><div class="mt-6 lg:my-0"><figure><div class="relative w-full aspect-3/2"><img alt="U.S. and Canadian flags" fetchPriority="high" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="object-cover" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent" sizes="100vw" srcSet="/redesign/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.time.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2025%2F03%2FCanada-US-trade-war-energy.jpg%3Fquality%3D85&w=640&q=75 640w, /redesign/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.time.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2025%2F03%2FCanada-US-trade-war-energy.jpg%3Fquality%3D85&w=750&q=75 750w, /redesign/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.time.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2025%2F03%2FCanada-US-trade-war-energy.jpg%3Fquality%3D85&w=828&q=75 828w, /redesign/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.time.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2025%2F03%2FCanada-US-trade-war-energy.jpg%3Fquality%3D85&w=1080&q=75 1080w, /redesign/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.time.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2025%2F03%2FCanada-US-trade-war-energy.jpg%3Fquality%3D85&w=1200&q=75 1200w, /redesign/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.time.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2025%2F03%2FCanada-US-trade-war-energy.jpg%3Fquality%3D85&w=1920&q=75 1920w, /redesign/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.time.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2025%2F03%2FCanada-US-trade-war-energy.jpg%3Fquality%3D85&w=2048&q=75 2048w, /redesign/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.time.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2025%2F03%2FCanada-US-trade-war-energy.jpg%3Fquality%3D85&w=3840&q=75 3840w" src="/redesign/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.time.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2025%2F03%2FCanada-US-trade-war-energy.jpg%3Fquality%3D85&w=3840&q=75"/><button class="items-center justify-center whitespace-nowrap font-graphik transition-colors focus-visible:border-transparent disabled:pointer-events-none support:hover:cursor-pointer focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-black-coffee focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:shadow-focus-color gap-0 rounded-full bg-transparent p-0 support:hover:[&_svg]:text-grey-1 absolute bottom-2 right-2 lg:hidden block"><svg width="2rem" height="2rem" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title></title><g id="Information Icon"><circle id="Ellipse 4161" opacity="0.7" cx="16" cy="16" r="16" fill="#D1C5BE"></circle><path id="i" d="M17.3409 20.791C17.3409 21.2727 17.3788 21.6305 17.4545 21.8645C17.5455 22.0847 17.7045 22.243 17.9318 22.3394C18.1591 22.4357 18.5152 22.4839 19 22.4839V23H13V22.4839C13.4848 22.4839 13.8409 22.4357 14.0682 22.3394C14.2955 22.243 14.447 22.0847 14.5227 21.8645C14.6136 21.6305 14.6591 21.2727 14.6591 20.791V14.7006C14.6591 14.1363 14.6288 13.751 14.5682 13.5445C14.5227 13.3381 14.3864 13.2348 14.1591 13.2348C13.9924 13.2348 13.7045 13.3105 13.2955 13.4619L13.0909 12.9458L14.8864 12.3058L16.8636 11.5626L17.3409 11.9135V20.791ZM15.8182 9.80774C15.3333 9.80774 14.9394 9.67699 14.6364 9.41548C14.3333 9.15398 14.1818 8.81677 14.1818 8.40387C14.1818 7.99097 14.3333 7.65376 14.6364 7.39226C14.9394 7.13075 15.3333 7 15.8182 7C16.303 7 16.697 7.13075 17 7.39226C17.303 7.65376 17.4545 7.99097 17.4545 8.40387C17.4545 8.81677 17.303 9.15398 17 9.41548C16.697 9.67699 16.303 9.80774 15.8182 9.80774Z" fill="currentColor"></path></g></svg></button><div class="absolute bottom-0 w-full lg:hidden"><p class="bg-warm-grey-3 text-black-coffee font-graphik-compact text-caption-small pt-4 px-6 pb-10 lg:block hidden"><span>Canadian and U.S. flags fly at the base of the Bluewater Bridge, which connects Canada and the U.S., in 2021.</span><button class="inline-flex items-center justify-center whitespace-nowrap font-graphik transition-colors focus-visible:border-transparent disabled:pointer-events-none support:hover:cursor-pointer focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-black-coffee focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:shadow-focus-color gap-0 rounded-full support:hover:[&_svg]:text-grey-1 absolute bottom-2 right-2 bg-white p-2"><svg width="1rem" height="1rem" viewBox="0 0 12 16" fill="currentColor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title></title><g id="close" clip-path="url(#clip0_5319_307)"><path d="m10 12 -8 -8" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.1999999999999997" stroke-linecap="square" stroke-linejoin="round"></path><path d="m10 4 -8 8" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.1999999999999997" stroke-linecap="square" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></g><defs><clipPath id="clip0_5319_307"><path width="12" height="16" fill="currentColor" d="M0 0h12v16H0z"></path></clipPath></defs></svg></button></p></div></div><figcaption class="text-left font-graphik text-caption-small rich-text mt-1 lg:text-caption-small text-grey-1 lg:font-graphik-compact"><span class="hidden lg:inline mr-1">Canadian and U.S. flags fly at the base of the Bluewater Bridge, which connects Canada and the U.S., in 2021.</span><span class="italic">Cole Burston/Bloomberg—Getty Images</span></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="col-span-full mt-6 lg:hidden"><div class="border-t pt-4 border-warm-grey-2"><div class="flex flex-col gap-4"><div class="flex flex-row items-center gap-2"><div class="flex flex-col"><span class="relative flex shrink-0 size-12 overflow-hidden rounded-full"><img alt="Justin Worland/Houston, Texas" loading="lazy" width="72" height="72" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="aspect-square h-full w-full object-cover" style="color:transparent" srcSet="https://api.time.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/TIME-JustinWorland.jpg?quality=85&w=72&crop=1&q=85&h=72 1x, https://api.time.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/TIME-JustinWorland.jpg?quality=85&w=72&crop=1&q=85&h=72 2x" src="https://api.time.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/TIME-JustinWorland.jpg?quality=85&w=72&crop=1&q=85&h=72"/></span></div><div><div class="mb-1 font-graphik-compact text-t4 text-black-coffee flex"><span class="mr-1">by </span><div><a class="underline hover:text-brand-red focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-black-coffee focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:shadow-focus-color" href="/author/justin-worland/">Justin Worland/Houston, Texas</a></div></div><p class="font-graphik-compact text-metadata uppercase text-grey-1">Senior Correspondent</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><div class="lg:px-20 container mx-auto max-w-[90rem] px-6"><div class="grid grid-cols-4 gap-x-4 lg:grid-cols-12"><div class="col-span-full lg:col-span-7"><article class="pb-8 lg:pt-10 lg:pb-0"><div class="mb-8"><p class="self-baseline font-graphik text-body-large text-black-coffee rich-text mb-6 min-h-[6.375rem] lg:min-h-[4.75rem] text-left"><span class="leading-[0.82] pt-2 lg:pt-0 font-medium float-left uppercase font-editorial text-[6.25rem] lg:text-[5.625rem] mr-4">C</span>anada’s energy minister is angry. Speaking to me while in Houston for CERAWeek, Jonathan Wilkinson described the phases of Canada’s reaction to U.S. President Donald Trump’s tariffs and repeated taunting: shock, then hurt, and now anger. “We are resolute in our need to push back,” he says.</p><p class="self-baseline font-graphik text-body-large text-black-coffee rich-text mb-0 text-left">Wilkinson says that the anger shouldn’t influence his government’s decision making. But, at the same time, no option is off the table—including restrictions on energy and natural resources. Because of the highly-linked energy systems of the two countries, such a move could wreak significant havoc on the U.S. economy. “We would be foolish to take tools out of the toolbox,” he told me. “In the context where there's no negotiation around trying to find a resolution here,<strong> </strong>certainly, export tariffs on energy remain in that toolbox.” </p></div><div class="mb-8"><div class="overflow-hidden py-4 block lg:hidden"><p class="mb-2 text-center font-graphik-compact text-caption-small italic text-grey-1">Advertisement</p><div class="webflix-player-container component"><div class="webflix-reel" data-partner-key="1d483486-fd58-4aac-bfc2-d711b4ced387" data-property-key="68045ddd-9c78-4646-87d8-3858555b3f5f"></div></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden py-4 hidden min-h-[16.3125rem] lg:block"><p class="mb-2 text-center font-graphik-compact text-caption-small italic text-grey-1">Advertisement</p><div class="mx-auto max-w-[26rem]"><div id="8767e06e877e4f5cb97576f8fd874f99"></div></div></div></div><div class="mb-8"><p class="self-baseline font-graphik text-body-large text-black-coffee rich-text mb-6 text-left">There are many potential energy and climate change implications of the U.S.-initiated trade dispute. In the short term, Canada’s political conversation has been consumed by trade talks—squeezing out space for resolving some of the country’s <a href="https://time.com/7266590/canada-next-prime-minister-mark-carney-climate-change/">thorny energy and climate policy debates</a>. In the longer term, a sustained and intensified U.S.-Canada trade spat could lead to more investment in fossil fuel infrastructure in both countries. And, even under a new U.S. administration, this moment will not be forgotten, making it more difficult to build durable partnerships in areas like critical minerals—a key component of the energy transition.</p><p class="self-baseline font-graphik text-body-large text-black-coffee rich-text mb-0 text-left">“Under the new Prime Minister, Canada remains committed to the fight against climate change,” says Wilkinson, referring to the newly elected prime minister Mark Carney. But “some elements of the climate plan probably have become a little tougher in the context of working with the Trump Administration.”</p></div><div class=""><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 mb-0"><div class="native-ad flex w-full flex-col items-center justify-center"><div id="native-ad-inline-1" class="flex min-h-px w-full min-w-px max-w-[100vw] items-center justify-center overflow-hidden bg-transparent text-center group-[.disable-ads]:hidden print:hidden flex mb-0" aria-labelledby="complementary" aria-label="Advertisement" data-native="false" role="region"></div></div></div></div><div class="mb-8"><p class="self-baseline font-graphik text-body-large text-black-coffee rich-text mb-6 text-left"><strong>Trump’s tariffs have shocked executives </strong>across the corporate world—and the energy industry is no exception. The sector is highly integrated, especially across the U.S.-Canada border. In the U.S. midwest, oil refineries run on crude that flows from Canada. In much of the northeast U.S., Canadian electricity helps keep the lights on. Meanwhile, Canada imports U.S. oil in its eastern provinces.</p><p class="self-baseline font-graphik text-body-large text-black-coffee rich-text mb-6 text-left">“The integrated nature of the two economies, and in particular of the energy economies… pulling them apart is almost impossible,” says Wilkinson. And yet, nonetheless, Wilkinson says his country will be looking away from the U.S. “Canadians' confidence in their ability to simply rely on the United States to the exclusion of the rest of the world has been shaken.”</p><p class="self-baseline font-graphik text-body-large text-black-coffee rich-text mb-0 text-left">A key area that may suffer is potential collaboration between the two countries on the critical minerals that will play an essential role in the energy transition. Canada has rich stores of lithium, cobalt, and nickel, among other resources, and had previously worked with the U.S. government to create a North American supply chain for batteries and other clean energy technologies. While Trump is no fan of the energy transition, he has homed in on critical minerals in his push to annex Greenland given the essential role the minerals play in manufacturing, defense, and advanced electronics. “Critical minerals in particular are a potentially useful tool, if we have to go there, given that the alternative sources of supply typically are going to be China, in some cases Russia,” Wilkinson said on March 12. “We're not there yet, and we prefer not to further escalate this at this point.”</p></div><div class=""><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 mb-0"><div id="inline-ad-1" class="flex min-h-px w-full min-w-px max-w-[100vw] items-center justify-center bg-transparent text-center group-[.disable-ads]:hidden print:hidden flex mb-0" aria-labelledby="complementary" aria-label="Advertisement" data-native="false" role="region"></div></div></div><div class="mb-8"><p class="self-baseline font-graphik text-body-large text-black-coffee rich-text mb-6 text-left">A prolonged, deepened trade rift could push Canada to look more to Europe, South Korea, and Japan to help finance and purchase the product that comes with developing these resources. That would leave the U.S. at a disadvantage and reshape the centers of power in clean technologies.</p><p class="self-baseline font-graphik text-body-large text-black-coffee rich-text mb-0 text-left">At CERAWeek, an energy conference that draws the world’s biggest players in the industry, some executives chatted about the possibility that Canada might revive plans to build an oil pipeline from the country’s oil producing west to its eastern cities. This would reduce Canada’s reliance on U.S. oil in the east and make it easier to sell Canadian oil domestically. Wilkinson offered deep skepticism, telling me that such a project would face difficult economics and likely require government subsidy. Nonetheless, he said, it could be worth considering on national security grounds should the situation deteriorate further.</p></div><div class=""><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 mb-0"><div id="inline-ad-2" class="flex min-h-px w-full min-w-px max-w-[100vw] items-center justify-center bg-transparent text-center group-[.disable-ads]:hidden print:hidden flex mb-0" aria-labelledby="complementary" aria-label="Advertisement" data-native="false" role="region"></div></div></div><p class="self-baseline font-graphik text-body-large text-black-coffee rich-text mb-6 text-left">“Presently, there is no one proposing to build a pipeline,” he says. “You could argue that there is an energy security issue, and that is a legitimate conversation… but we should be looking at all available options.”</p><p class="self-baseline font-graphik text-body-large text-black-coffee rich-text mb-6 text-left">Like with much else tied to Trump Administration policy, it is <a href="https://time.com/7265747/trump-cant-stop-the-energy-transition/">hard to assess</a> the exact climate implications of this trade rift. At the very least, it’s a distraction for Canada. When I first met Wilkinson last year, we had extensive conversations about the country’s carbon tax and engagement with the country’s <a href="https://time.com/6992183/clean-energy-canada-community-ownership/">Indigenous First Nations</a> to build energy projects. Progress on those issues now feels miniscule in the scheme of things. But, more broadly, it provides a hint of what world may emerge in the wake of Trump’s wrecking ball: less collaboration and clean technology supply chains that don’t include the U.S. </p><p class="self-baseline font-graphik text-body-large text-black-coffee rich-text mb-0 text-left"><em>To get this story in your inbox, subscribe to the TIME CO2 Leadership Report newsletter <a href="https://www.time.com/co2-newsletter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">here</a>.</em></p></article></div><div class="hidden lg:col-span-5 lg:block lg:pt-10"><div class="flex h-full min-h-[34.25rem] flex-col items-end justify-between"><div class="mb-12 h-full"><div class="sticky top-[var(--navigation-height-mobile)] xl:top-[var(--navigation-height-desktop)]"><div id="rightrail-ad-1" class="flex min-h-px w-full min-w-px max-w-[100vw] items-center justify-center overflow-hidden bg-transparent text-center group-[.disable-ads]:hidden print:hidden hidden lg:flex min-h-[15.625rem]" aria-labelledby="complementary" aria-label="Advertisement" data-native="false" role="region"></div></div></div><div class="mb-12 h-full"><div class="sticky top-[var(--navigation-height-mobile)] xl:top-[var(--navigation-height-desktop)]"><div class="native-ad flex w-full flex-col items-center justify-center"><div id="native-ad-rightrail-1" class="flex min-h-px w-full min-w-px max-w-[100vw] items-center justify-center overflow-hidden bg-transparent text-center group-[.disable-ads]:hidden print:hidden hidden lg:flex min-h-[15.625rem]" aria-labelledby="complementary" aria-label="Advertisement" data-native="false" role="region"></div></div></div></div><div class="mb-12 h-full"><div class="sticky top-[var(--navigation-height-mobile)] xl:top-[var(--navigation-height-desktop)]"><div id="rightrail-ad-2" class="flex min-h-px w-full min-w-px max-w-[100vw] items-center justify-center overflow-hidden bg-transparent text-center group-[.disable-ads]:hidden print:hidden hidden lg:flex min-h-[15.625rem]" aria-labelledby="complementary" aria-label="Advertisement" data-native="false" role="region"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="lg:px-20 container mx-auto max-w-[90rem] px-6"><div class="grid grid-cols-4 gap-x-4 lg:grid-cols-12"><div class="col-span-full"><section aria-labelledby="recommended-article" class="flex flex-col gap-6 py-12 lg:py-16"><h2 id="recommended-article" class="font-editorial text-mobile-h3 text-black-coffee lg:text-h3">Your Must Reads</h2><ul class="grid grid-cols-4 gap-x-4 lg:grid-cols-12 auto-rows-fr gap-y-4 lg:gap-y-5 lg:space-y-0"><li class="col-span-full inline-grid size-full lg:col-span-4"><div><a class="focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-black-coffee focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:shadow-focus-color flex size-full flex-row items-center justify-between gap-4 bg-warm-grey-3 p-4 text-black-coffee hover:text-brand-red lg:px-6" href="https://time.com/7272030/palestinian-anti-hamas-protest-gaza-war-israel/?itm_source=parsely-api"><span class="font-graphik-compact text-t4 ">Gazans Protest War, Showing Rare Public Dissent Against Hamas</span><svg class="shrink-0 rotate-90" width="1rem" height="1rem" viewBox="0 0 16 12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title></title><g id="Chevron"><path id="Line Copy" d="M14.1666 7.66663L8.49998 1.99996L2.83331 7.66663" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="square"></path></g></svg></a></div></li><li class="col-span-full inline-grid size-full lg:col-span-4"><div><a class="focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-black-coffee focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:shadow-focus-color flex size-full flex-row items-center justify-between gap-4 bg-warm-grey-3 p-4 text-black-coffee hover:text-brand-red lg:px-6" href="https://time.com/7271926/avengers-doomsday-cast-x-men-mcu/?itm_source=parsely-api"><span class="font-graphik-compact text-t4 ">The X-Men Will Show Up in <i>Avengers: Doomsday</i>. 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0.503906H70.5602V0.629914C70.5602 0.777835 70.5546 1.04629 70.5546 1.36952C70.5602 2.37758 70.5882 3.96637 70.5882 4.48136H70.2743L70.2687 4.33891C70.2351 3.98281 70.1678 2.9857 70.0837 2.14748C70.0781 2.07078 70.0613 2.016 70.0613 2.016C69.8763 2.01052 69.114 1.9886 69.1028 1.97764C69.0916 1.96669 68.4862 1.96121 68.4694 1.95573C68.4638 1.95573 66.4738 1.94477 64.4278 1.93929C63.0265 1.93929 61.6531 1.94477 60.8067 1.94477C60.6161 1.95025 59.8706 1.97217 59.8706 1.97217Z" fill="white"></path></g><defs><clipPath id="clip0_5035_44915"><rect width="70.6174" height="20.3146" fill="white" transform="translate(0.190674 0.504028)"></rect></clipPath></defs></svg></a></div><div class="grid grid-cols-4 gap-x-4 lg:grid-cols-12 border-[3px] border-white/30 px-6 pb-4 pt-10 lg:gap-x-10 lg:px-0 lg:py-10"><div class="col-span-full lg:col-span-10 lg:col-start-2 lg:grid lg:grid-cols-12 lg:gap-x-10"><div class="col-span-full mb-8 border-b border-grey-1 pb-6 last:mb-0 last:border-0 last:pb-0 lg:col-span-3 lg:mb-0 lg:border-0 lg:pb-0"><h2 class="text-center font-editorial text-h5 text-ivory-white lg:border-b lg:border-grey-1 lg:pb-4 lg:text-start">Sections</h2><div class="mt-6 grid grid-cols-2 gap-x-4 lg:mb-0 lg:mt-4 lg:grid-cols-1 lg:gap-y-5"><ul><li class="mb-5 flex items-stretch last:mb-0"><div><a class="focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-black-coffee focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:shadow-focus-color border-b border-transparent font-graphik text-body-large transition-colors hover:underline" href="/">Home</a></div></li><li class="mb-5 flex items-stretch last:mb-0"><div><a class="focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-black-coffee focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:shadow-focus-color border-b border-transparent font-graphik text-body-large transition-colors hover:underline" href="/section/politics/">Politics</a></div></li><li class="mb-5 flex items-stretch last:mb-0"><div><a 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href="https://www.timeedge.com/login">TIME Edge</a></div></li><li class="mb-5 flex items-stretch last:mb-0"><div><a class="focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-black-coffee focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:shadow-focus-color border-b border-transparent font-graphik text-body-large transition-colors hover:underline" href="/studios/">TIME Studios</a></div></li><li class="mb-5 flex items-stretch last:mb-0"><div><a class="focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-black-coffee focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:shadow-focus-color border-b border-transparent font-graphik text-body-large transition-colors hover:underline" href="/collection/video/">Video</a></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="col-span-full mb-8 border-b border-grey-1 pb-6 last:mb-0 last:border-0 last:pb-0 lg:col-span-3 lg:mb-0 lg:border-0 lg:pb-0"><h2 class="text-center font-editorial text-h5 text-ivory-white lg:border-b lg:border-grey-1 lg:pb-4 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flex items-stretch last:mb-0"><div><a class="focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-black-coffee focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:shadow-focus-color border-b border-transparent font-graphik text-body-large transition-colors hover:underline" href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://magazineshop.us/collections/time-magazine/?utm_source%3DTIME%26utm_medium%3DTIME-InBook-Ad%26utm_campaign%3D250130-Time-In-book-ad%26utm_content%3DTime-In-Book-Ad_Landing-TIME-Collection-Page%26handle%3DTIMEcollection%26handle%3D2wzk2&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1738865569961366&usg=AOvVaw3tgABpUGQIEOUulCFaEgQF">Buy an issue</a></div></li><li class="mb-5 flex items-stretch last:mb-0"><div><a class="focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-black-coffee focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:shadow-focus-color border-b border-transparent font-graphik text-body-large transition-colors hover:underline" href="https://timecoverstore.com">Shop the 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Speaking to me while in Houston for CERAWeek, Jonathan Wilkinson described the phases of Canada’s reaction to U.S. President Donald Trump’s tariffs and repeated taunting: shock, then hurt, and now anger. “We are resolute in our need to push back,” he says.\"}}]}],[\"$\",\"$32\",\"inner-block-core/paragraph-1\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"self-baseline font-graphik text-body-large text-black-coffee rich-text mb-0 text-left\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"Wilkinson says that the anger shouldn’t influence his government’s decision making. But, at the same time, no option is off the table—including restrictions on energy and natural resources. Because of the highly-linked energy systems of the two countries, such a move could wreak significant havoc on the U.S. economy. “We would be foolish to take tools out of the toolbox,” he told me. “In the context where there's no negotiation around trying to find a resolution here,\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003ecertainly, export tariffs on energy remain in that toolbox.”\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\"}}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"block-group-1\",{\"className\":\"mb-8\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$32\",\"inner-block-custom/ad-player-0\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"overflow-hidden py-4 block lg:hidden\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"mb-2 text-center font-graphik-compact text-caption-small italic text-grey-1\",\"children\":\"Advertisement\"}],[\"$\",\"$L33\",null,{}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"overflow-hidden py-4 hidden min-h-[16.3125rem] lg:block\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"mb-2 text-center font-graphik-compact text-caption-small italic text-grey-1\",\"children\":\"Advertisement\"}],[\"$\",\"$L34\",null,{}]]}]]}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"block-group-2\",{\"className\":\"mb-8\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$32\",\"inner-block-core/paragraph-0\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"self-baseline font-graphik text-body-large text-black-coffee rich-text mb-6 text-left\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"There are many potential energy and climate change implications of the U.S.-initiated trade dispute. In the short term, Canada’s political conversation has been consumed by trade talks—squeezing out space for resolving some of the country’s \u003ca href=\\\"https://time.com/7266590/canada-next-prime-minister-mark-carney-climate-change/\\\"\u003ethorny energy and climate policy debates\u003c/a\u003e. In the longer term, a sustained and intensified U.S.-Canada trade spat could lead to more investment in fossil fuel infrastructure in both countries. And, even under a new U.S. administration, this moment will not be forgotten, making it more difficult to\u0026nbsp;build durable partnerships in areas like critical minerals—a key component of the energy transition.\"}}]}],[\"$\",\"$32\",\"inner-block-core/paragraph-1\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"self-baseline font-graphik text-body-large text-black-coffee rich-text mb-0 text-left\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"“Under the new Prime Minister, Canada remains committed to the fight against climate change,” says Wilkinson, referring to the newly elected prime minister Mark Carney. But “some elements of the climate plan probably have become a little tougher in the context of working with the Trump Administration.”\"}}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"block-group-3\",{\"className\":\"\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$32\",\"inner-block-custom/ad-0\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L16\",null,{\"block\":{\"name\":\"custom/ad\",\"id\":\"native-ad-inline-1\",\"native\":true,\"sizes\":[],\"attributes\":[{\"name\":\"id\",\"value\":\"native-ad-inline-1\"},{\"name\":\"native\",\"value\":\"true\"}]},\"id\":\"native-ad-inline-1\",\"native\":true,\"isStandardArticle\":true,\"index\":5,\"className\":\"mb-0\",\"nextBlockName\":\"\"}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"block-group-4\",{\"className\":\"mb-8\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$32\",\"inner-block-core/paragraph-0\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"self-baseline font-graphik text-body-large text-black-coffee rich-text mb-6 text-left\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"\u003cstrong\u003eTrump’s tariffs have shocked executives \u003c/strong\u003eacross the corporate world—and the energy industry is no exception. The sector is highly integrated, especially across the U.S.-Canada border. In the U.S. midwest, oil refineries run on crude that flows from Canada. In much of the northeast U.S., Canadian electricity helps keep the lights on. Meanwhile, Canada imports U.S. oil in its eastern provinces.\"}}]}],[\"$\",\"$32\",\"inner-block-core/paragraph-1\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"self-baseline font-graphik text-body-large text-black-coffee rich-text mb-6 text-left\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"“The integrated nature of the two economies, and in particular of the energy economies… pulling them apart is almost impossible,” says Wilkinson. And yet, nonetheless, Wilkinson says his country will be looking away from the U.S. “Canadians' confidence in their ability to simply rely on the United States to the exclusion of the rest of the world has been shaken.”\"}}]}],[\"$\",\"$32\",\"inner-block-core/paragraph-2\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"self-baseline font-graphik text-body-large text-black-coffee rich-text mb-0 text-left\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"A key area that may suffer is potential collaboration between the two countries on the critical minerals that will play an essential role in the energy transition. Canada has rich stores of lithium, cobalt, and nickel, among other resources, and had previously worked with the U.S. government to create a North American supply chain for batteries and other clean energy technologies. While Trump is no fan of the energy transition, he has homed in on critical minerals in his push to annex Greenland given the essential role the minerals play in manufacturing, defense, and advanced electronics. “Critical minerals in particular are a potentially useful tool, if we have to go there, given that the alternative sources of supply typically are going to be China, in some cases Russia,” Wilkinson said on March 12. “We're not there yet, and we prefer not to further escalate this at this point.”\"}}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"block-group-5\",{\"className\":\"\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$32\",\"inner-block-custom/ad-0\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L16\",null,{\"block\":{\"name\":\"custom/ad\",\"id\":\"inline-ad-1\",\"native\":false,\"sizes\":[],\"attributes\":[{\"name\":\"id\",\"value\":\"inline-ad-1\"},{\"name\":\"native\",\"value\":\"false\"}]},\"id\":\"inline-ad-1\",\"native\":false,\"isStandardArticle\":true,\"index\":9,\"className\":\"mb-0\",\"nextBlockName\":\"\"}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"block-group-6\",{\"className\":\"mb-8\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$32\",\"inner-block-core/paragraph-0\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"self-baseline font-graphik text-body-large text-black-coffee rich-text mb-6 text-left\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"A prolonged, deepened trade rift could push Canada to look more to Europe, South Korea, and Japan to help finance and purchase the product that comes with developing these resources. That would leave the U.S. at a disadvantage and reshape the centers of power in clean technologies.\"}}]}],[\"$\",\"$32\",\"inner-block-core/paragraph-1\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"self-baseline font-graphik text-body-large text-black-coffee rich-text mb-0 text-left\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"At CERAWeek, an energy conference that draws the world’s biggest players in the industry, some executives chatted about the possibility that Canada might revive plans to build an oil pipeline from the country’s oil producing west to its eastern cities. This would reduce Canada’s reliance on U.S. oil in the east and make it easier to sell Canadian oil domestically. Wilkinson offered deep skepticism, telling me that such a project would face difficult economics and likely require government subsidy. Nonetheless, he said, it could be worth considering on national security grounds should the situation deteriorate further.\"}}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"block-group-7\",{\"className\":\"\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$32\",\"inner-block-custom/ad-0\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L16\",null,{\"block\":{\"name\":\"custom/ad\",\"id\":\"inline-ad-2\",\"native\":false,\"sizes\":[],\"attributes\":[{\"name\":\"id\",\"value\":\"inline-ad-2\"},{\"name\":\"native\",\"value\":\"false\"}]},\"id\":\"inline-ad-2\",\"native\":false,\"isStandardArticle\":true,\"index\":12,\"className\":\"mb-0\",\"nextBlockName\":\"\"}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"$32\",\"block-group-8\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$32\",\"inner-block-core/paragraph-0\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"self-baseline font-graphik text-body-large text-black-coffee rich-text mb-6 text-left\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"“Presently, there is no one proposing to build a pipeline,” he says. “You could argue that there is an energy security issue, and that is a legitimate conversation… but we should be looking at all available options.”\"}}]}],[\"$\",\"$32\",\"inner-block-core/paragraph-1\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"self-baseline font-graphik text-body-large text-black-coffee rich-text mb-6 text-left\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"Like with much else tied to Trump Administration policy, it is \u003ca href=\\\"https://time.com/7265747/trump-cant-stop-the-energy-transition/\\\"\u003ehard to assess\u003c/a\u003e the exact climate implications of this trade rift. At the very least, it’s a distraction for Canada. When I first met Wilkinson last year, we had extensive conversations about the country’s carbon tax and engagement with the country’s \u003ca href=\\\"https://time.com/6992183/clean-energy-canada-community-ownership/\\\"\u003eIndigenous First Nations\u003c/a\u003e to build energy projects. Progress on those issues now feels miniscule in the scheme of things. But, more broadly, it provides a hint of what world may emerge in the wake of Trump’s wrecking ball: less collaboration and clean technology supply chains that don’t include the U.S. \"}}]}],[\"$\",\"$32\",\"inner-block-core/paragraph-2\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"self-baseline font-graphik text-body-large text-black-coffee rich-text mb-0 text-left\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"\u003cem\u003eTo get this story in your inbox, subscribe to the TIME CO2 Leadership Report newsletter \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.time.com/co2-newsletter\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noreferrer noopener\\\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\"}}]}]]}]]]}]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"hidden lg:col-span-5 lg:block lg:pt-10\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"flex h-full min-h-[34.25rem] flex-col items-end justify-between\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mb-12 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Will Keep Running\"},{\"__typename\":\"ContentBlockAttribute\",\"name\":\"copyright\",\"value\":\"© 2021 Bloomberg Finance LP\"},{\"__typename\":\"ContentBlockAttribute\",\"name\":\"type\",\"value\":\"image\"},{\"__typename\":\"ContentBlockAttribute\",\"name\":\"mobileImgSrc\",\"value\":\"\"},{\"__typename\":\"ContentBlockAttribute\",\"name\":\"mobileImgWidth\",\"value\":\"\"},{\"__typename\":\"ContentBlockAttribute\",\"name\":\"mobileImgHeight\",\"value\":\"\"},{\"__typename\":\"ContentBlockAttribute\",\"name\":\"logoSrc\",\"value\":\"\"},{\"__typename\":\"ContentBlockAttribute\",\"name\":\"logoWidth\",\"value\":\"\"},{\"__typename\":\"ContentBlockAttribute\",\"name\":\"logoHeight\",\"value\":\"\"}],\"innerHTML\":null,\"name\":\"gutenberg-custom-blocks/featured-media\",\"tagName\":\"img\"},{\"__typename\":\"ContentBlock\",\"innerBlocks\":[],\"attributes\":[],\"innerHTML\":\"Canada’s energy minister is angry. Speaking to me while in Houston for CERAWeek, Jonathan Wilkinson described the phases of Canada’s reaction to U.S. President Donald Trump’s tariffs and repeated taunting: shock, then hurt, and now anger. “We are resolute in our need to push back,” he says.\",\"name\":\"core/paragraph\",\"tagName\":\"p\"},{\"__typename\":\"ContentBlock\",\"innerBlocks\":[],\"attributes\":[],\"innerHTML\":\"Wilkinson says that the anger shouldn’t influence his government’s decision making. But, at the same time, no option is off the table—including restrictions on energy and natural resources. Because of the highly-linked energy systems of the two countries, such a move could wreak significant havoc on the U.S. economy. “We would be foolish to take tools out of the toolbox,” he told me. “In the context where there's no negotiation around trying to find a resolution here,\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003ecertainly, export tariffs on energy remain in that toolbox.”\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\",\"name\":\"core/paragraph\",\"tagName\":\"p\"},{\"__typename\":\"ContentBlock\",\"innerBlocks\":[],\"attributes\":[],\"innerHTML\":\"There are many potential energy and climate change implications of the U.S.-initiated trade dispute. In the short term, Canada’s political conversation has been consumed by trade talks—squeezing out space for resolving some of the country’s \u003ca href=\\\"https://time.com/7266590/canada-next-prime-minister-mark-carney-climate-change/\\\"\u003ethorny energy and climate policy debates\u003c/a\u003e. In the longer term, a sustained and intensified U.S.-Canada trade spat could lead to more investment in fossil fuel infrastructure in both countries. And, even under a new U.S. administration, this moment will not be forgotten, making it more difficult to\u0026nbsp;build durable partnerships in areas like critical minerals—a key component of the energy transition.\",\"name\":\"core/paragraph\",\"tagName\":\"p\"},{\"__typename\":\"ContentBlock\",\"innerBlocks\":[],\"attributes\":[],\"innerHTML\":\"“Under the new Prime Minister, Canada remains committed to the fight against climate change,” says Wilkinson, referring to the newly elected prime minister Mark Carney. But “some elements of the climate plan probably have become a little tougher in the context of working with the Trump Administration.”\",\"name\":\"core/paragraph\",\"tagName\":\"p\"},{\"__typename\":\"ContentBlock\",\"innerBlocks\":[],\"attributes\":[],\"innerHTML\":\"\u003cstrong\u003eTrump’s tariffs have shocked executives \u003c/strong\u003eacross the corporate world—and the energy industry is no exception. The sector is highly integrated, especially across the U.S.-Canada border. In the U.S. midwest, oil refineries run on crude that flows from Canada. In much of the northeast U.S., Canadian electricity helps keep the lights on. Meanwhile, Canada imports U.S. oil in its eastern provinces.\",\"name\":\"core/paragraph\",\"tagName\":\"p\"},{\"__typename\":\"ContentBlock\",\"innerBlocks\":[],\"attributes\":[],\"innerHTML\":\"“The integrated nature of the two economies, and in particular of the energy economies… pulling them apart is almost impossible,” says Wilkinson. And yet, nonetheless, Wilkinson says his country will be looking away from the U.S. “Canadians' confidence in their ability to simply rely on the United States to the exclusion of the rest of the world has been shaken.”\",\"name\":\"core/paragraph\",\"tagName\":\"p\"},{\"__typename\":\"ContentBlock\",\"innerBlocks\":[],\"attributes\":[],\"innerHTML\":\"A key area that may suffer is potential collaboration between the two countries on the critical minerals that will play an essential role in the energy transition. Canada has rich stores of lithium, cobalt, and nickel, among other resources, and had previously worked with the U.S. government to create a North American supply chain for batteries and other clean energy technologies. While Trump is no fan of the energy transition, he has homed in on critical minerals in his push to annex Greenland given the essential role the minerals play in manufacturing, defense, and advanced electronics. “Critical minerals in particular are a potentially useful tool, if we have to go there, given that the alternative sources of supply typically are going to be China, in some cases Russia,” Wilkinson said on March 12. “We're not there yet, and we prefer not to further escalate this at this point.”\",\"name\":\"core/paragraph\",\"tagName\":\"p\"},{\"__typename\":\"ContentBlock\",\"innerBlocks\":[],\"attributes\":[],\"innerHTML\":\"A prolonged, deepened trade rift could push Canada to look more to Europe, South Korea, and Japan to help finance and purchase the product that comes with developing these resources. That would leave the U.S. at a disadvantage and reshape the centers of power in clean technologies.\",\"name\":\"core/paragraph\",\"tagName\":\"p\"},{\"__typename\":\"ContentBlock\",\"innerBlocks\":[],\"attributes\":[],\"innerHTML\":\"At CERAWeek, an energy conference that draws the world’s biggest players in the industry, some executives chatted about the possibility that Canada might revive plans to build an oil pipeline from the country’s oil producing west to its eastern cities. This would reduce Canada’s reliance on U.S. oil in the east and make it easier to sell Canadian oil domestically. Wilkinson offered deep skepticism, telling me that such a project would face difficult economics and likely require government subsidy. Nonetheless, he said, it could be worth considering on national security grounds should the situation deteriorate further.\",\"name\":\"core/paragraph\",\"tagName\":\"p\"},{\"__typename\":\"ContentBlock\",\"innerBlocks\":[],\"attributes\":[],\"innerHTML\":\"“Presently, there is no one proposing to build a pipeline,” he says. “You could argue that there is an energy security issue, and that is a legitimate conversation… but we should be looking at all available options.”\",\"name\":\"core/paragraph\",\"tagName\":\"p\"},{\"__typename\":\"ContentBlock\",\"innerBlocks\":[],\"attributes\":[],\"innerHTML\":\"Like with much else tied to Trump Administration policy, it is \u003ca href=\\\"https://time.com/7265747/trump-cant-stop-the-energy-transition/\\\"\u003ehard to assess\u003c/a\u003e the exact climate implications of this trade rift. At the very least, it’s a distraction for Canada. When I first met Wilkinson last year, we had extensive conversations about the country’s carbon tax and engagement with the country’s \u003ca href=\\\"https://time.com/6992183/clean-energy-canada-community-ownership/\\\"\u003eIndigenous First Nations\u003c/a\u003e to build energy projects. Progress on those issues now feels miniscule in the scheme of things. But, more broadly, it provides a hint of what world may emerge in the wake of Trump’s wrecking ball: less collaboration and clean technology supply chains that don’t include the U.S. \",\"name\":\"core/paragraph\",\"tagName\":\"p\"},{\"__typename\":\"ContentBlock\",\"innerBlocks\":[],\"attributes\":[],\"innerHTML\":\"\u003cem\u003eTo get this story in your inbox, subscribe to the TIME CO2 Leadership Report newsletter \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.time.com/co2-newsletter\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noreferrer noopener\\\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\",\"name\":\"core/paragraph\",\"tagName\":\"p\"}]},\"timePeople\":{\"__typename\":\"TimePeopleType\",\"peoples\":null},\"timeAuthor\":{\"__typename\":\"TimeAuthorType\",\"authors\":[{\"__typename\":\"TimeAuthorDataType\",\"id\":243888282,\"firstname\":\"Justin\",\"lastname\":\"Worland\",\"name\":\"Justin Worland/Houston, Texas\",\"thumbnail\":\"https://api.time.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/TIME-JustinWorland.jpg?quality=85\u0026w=1024\",\"bio\":\"Worland is a senior correspondent at TIME, based in the Washington, D.C., bureau. 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