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关于 GNU 操作系统 - GNU 工程 - 自由软件基金会
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</div> <!-- .message --> <div class="progress"> <div class="progress-bar"><span class="percentage">$38,694</span> </div> <span class="goal"> $400,000 </span> </div> <!-- .progress --> </div> <!-- #fundraiser --> <div style="clear: both"></div> <div id="header" role="banner"> <p id="gnu-banner"> <a href="/"> <img src="/graphics/heckert_gnu.transp.small.png" height="48" width="49" alt=" [GNU头像] " /><strong>GNU</strong><span class="hide">操作系统</span></a><br /> <small id="fsf-support">由<a href="#mission-statement">自由软件基金会</a>资助</small> </p> <div id="switches"> <div id="search-button" class="switch"> <a href="//www.gnu.org/cgi-bin/estseek.cgi"> <img id="search-icon" height="30" width="30" src="/graphics/icons/search.png" alt=" [搜索 www.gnu.org] " /></a> </div> <div id="language-button" class="switch"> <a href="#language-container"> <img id="language-icon" height="30" width="37" src="/graphics/icons/translations.png" alt=" [其他语言] " /></a> </div> </div> <!-- #switches --> </div> <!-- #header --> <!-- end of server/body-include-1.html --> <!-- start of server/body-include-2 --> <div style="clear: both"></div> <div id="navigation" role="navigation"> <a id="more-links" href="#navigation" title="更多..."> <span>Site navigation</span></a> <a id="less-links" href="#content"><b>跳过</b></a> <ul> <li id="tabAboutGNU" class="active"> <span class='no-display'>=</span> <a href="/gnu/gnu.html">关于 GNU</a> <span class='no-display'>=</span> </li> <li id="tabPhilosophy"><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.html">哲学</a></li> <li id="tabLicenses"><a href="/licenses/licenses.html">许可证</a></li> <li id="tabEducation"><a href="/education/education.html">教育</a></li> <li id="tabSoftware"><a href="/software/software.html">软件</a></li> <li id="tabDistros"><a href="/distros/distros.html">发行版</a></li> <li id="tabDoc"><a href="/doc/doc.html">文档</a></li> <li id="tabMalware"><a href="/proprietary/proprietary.html">恶意软件</a></li> <li id="tabHelp"><a href="/help/help.html">帮助 GNU</a></li> <li id="tabAV"><a href="/audio-video/audio-video.html">音视频</a></li> <li id="tabArt"><a href="/graphics/graphics.html">GNU 艺术</a></li> <li id="tabFun"><a href="/fun/humor.html">欢乐</a></li> <li id="tabPeople"><a href="/people/people.html">GNU 人物</a></li> <li><a href="//directory.fsf.org">软件目录</a></li> <li><a href="https://h-node.org/">硬件</a></li> <li><a href="/server/sitemap.html">网站地图</a></li> </ul> <div style="clear: both"></div> </div> <!-- /"navigation --> <!-- end of server/body-include-2 --> <div id="content" role="main"> <p class="trans-disclaimer"> <a href="/gnu/gnu.en.html"> 这是针对英文原版页面的中文翻译。 </a> </p> <!-- end of banner.zh-cn.html --> <h2>关于 GNU 操作系统</h2> <div class="thin"></div> <div class="short-lines"><ul> <li><a href="/gnu/about-gnu.html">简说 GNU</a></li> </ul></div> <div id="dynamic-duo" class="pict narrow"> <p><strong>下载发行版</strong></p> <p><a href="/distros/free-distros.html"> <img src="/graphics/gnu-and-penguin-color-300x276.jpg" alt=" [GNU 和 Linux] " /></a></p> <p><em>如果你需要安装一个完整的系统，请参看我们的 <a href="/distros/free-distros.html">完全自由的 GNU/Linux 发行版列表</a>。</em></p> </div> <div class="short-lines"> <h3 id="gnu-history">GNU 历史</h3> <ul> <li> <span class="date-tag"> *[1996]</span> <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.html">GNU 操作系统概览</a></li> <li> <span class="date-tag"> *[1998]</span> <a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">GNU 工程</a> (Richard Stallman 著)——关于 GNU 的更详细历史。</li> <li> <span class="date-tag"> *[1985]</span> <a href="/gnu/manifesto.html">GNU 宣言</a></li> <li> <span class="date-tag"> *[1984]</span> <a href="/gnu/first-hackers-conference-1984.html">第一届黑客大会</a></li> <li> <span class="date-tag"> *[1983]</span> GNU 工程的 <a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">初始的声明</a></li> <li> <span class="date-tag"> [2003]</span> <a href="/gnu/rms-lisp.html">我的 Lisp 经历和 GNU Emacs 的开发历程</a>（Richard Stallman 著）</li> <li> <span class="date-tag"> [1999]</span> <a href="/philosophy/15-years-of-free-software.html">自由软件15年</a> (Richard Stallman 著)</li> <li> <span class="date-tag"> [1999]</span> <a href="/gnu/byte-interview.html">BYTE 杂志对 Richard Stallman 的采访</a></li> <li> <span class="date-tag"> [1989]</span> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210820153013/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/11/business/business-technology-one-man-s-fight-for-free-software.html"> 一个人为自由软件而战</a>(John Markoff 著) ——关于 Richard Stallman 和 GNU 的早期开发经历的文章，由<cite>纽约时报（The New York Times）</cite>在1989年1月11日发表。该文章有一个问题，就是使用了“知识产权”这个宣传词语，好像在用一个有道理的词。其实，该词非常令人困惑，所以使用它 <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">没有意义</a>。该文章谈及 Symbolics 公司的时候也有些混乱。Stallman 先生还在 MIT 工作时，是在独立编写系统改进，这些改进可以替代 Symbolics 公司在 MIT Lisp Machine 系统上做的类似改进。</li> <li> <span class="date-tag"> [1983]</span> <a href="/gnu/road-to-gnu.html">GNU 历程</a>——Richard Stallman 详述让他迈向为自由软件世界而战的心路。</li> </ul> <p>这是 Stallman 在1983年5月访问斯坦福时写的两则海报。它们体现了 Stallman 当时已经在酝酿开始开发 GNU 系统。里面没有“自由软件”的字眼；显然，他还没有开始把这两个词放在一起使用。</p> <ul> <li> <span class="date-tag"> [1983]</span> <a href="/gnu/why-programs-should-be-shared.html">为什么应该分享软件</a></li> <li> <span class="date-tag"> [1983]</span> <a href="/gnu/yes-give-it-away.html">是的，把它贡献出来</a></li> </ul> <h3 id="gnu-structure">GNU 的结构</h3> <ul> <li> <span class="date-tag"> [2020]</span> <a href="/gnu/gnu-structure.html">GNU 工程的结构和管理</a>>(Brandon Invergo 和 Richard Stallman 合著)</li> </ul> <h3 id="gnulinux">GNU 和 Linux</h3> <ul> <li> <span class="date-tag"> *[2000-2007]</span> <a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">名字里该有什么?</a>(Richard Stallman 著)——为什么‘Linux系统’应该叫做 GNU/Linux。</li> <li> <span class="date-tag"> [2001-2020]</span> <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">GNU/Linux 问答</a>（Richard Stallman 著）</li> <li> <span class="date-tag"> [1997-2019]</span> <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">Linux 和 GNU 操作系统</a>(Richard Stallman 著)——GNU 和 Linux 的关系。</li> <li> <span class="date-tag"> [2018]</span> <a href="/gnu/incorrect-quotation.html">不正确的引用</a>(Richard Stallman 著)</li> <li> <span class="date-tag"> [2006]</span> <a href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html">从未听说过 GNU 的 GNU 用户</a>（Richard Stallman 著）</li> </ul> <h3 id="misc">其他 GNU 相关的资源</h3> <ul> <li><a href="http://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group_list">GNU/Linux、GNU/Hurd 和自由软件用户组</a></li> </ul> <h3 id="elsewhere">GNU 在远方</h3> <h4 id="asteroid">(9965) GNU</h4> <p>主带小行星 <a href="https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=9965">(9965) GNU</a>，暂时按照 1992 EF<sub>2</sub> 设计，在 <a href="https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/2000/MPC_20001111.pdf">Minor Planet Circular 41571（小行星通报）</a> 中以 GNU 工程为名。该小行星是 Spacewatch 于 1992 年 3 月 5 日在 Kitt Peak 发现的。</p> </div> <div class="translators-notes"> <!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.--> </div> </div> <!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> <!-- begin server/footer-text.html --> <div style="clear:both"></div> <div id="language-container"> <div class="backtotop"> <hr class="no-display" /> <a href="#top"><b>▲</b></a> </div> <div id="languages" class="rounded-corners"> <div class="button"> <a href="#top" class="close"><span>返回顶部</span></a> 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