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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">fshihe</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Fillim</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sistemi_Operativ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistemi_Operativ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sistemi Operativ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistemi_Operativ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Përbërja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Përbërja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Përbërja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Përbërja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qëllimi_i_Sistemit_Operativ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qëllimi_i_Sistemit_Operativ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Qëllimi i Sistemit Operativ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qëllimi_i_Sistemit_Operativ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Puna_e_Sistemit:_Kontrolli_i_Proceseve" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Puna_e_Sistemit:_Kontrolli_i_Proceseve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Puna e Sistemit: Kontrolli i Proceseve</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Puna_e_Sistemit:_Kontrolli_i_Proceseve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistemi_i_Skedave" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistemi_i_Skedave"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sistemi i Skedave</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistemi_i_Skedave-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistemi_operativ:_Puna_me_sistemin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistemi_operativ:_Puna_me_sistemin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sistemi operativ: Puna me sistemin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistemi_operativ:_Puna_me_sistemin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aktivitetet_e_Sistemit_Operativ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aktivitetet_e_Sistemit_Operativ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Aktivitetet e Sistemit Operativ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aktivitetet_e_Sistemit_Operativ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Struktura_e_Sistemit_Operativ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Struktura_e_Sistemit_Operativ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Struktura e Sistemit Operativ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Struktura_e_Sistemit_Operativ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistemet_Mono-Tasking_(një_detyrësh)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistemet_Mono-Tasking_(një_detyrësh)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sistemet Mono-Tasking (një detyrësh)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistemet_Mono-Tasking_(një_detyrësh)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistemet_Multi-Tasking_(shumë-detyrësh)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistemet_Multi-Tasking_(shumë-detyrësh)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sistemet Multi-Tasking (shumë-detyrësh)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistemet_Multi-Tasking_(shumë-detyrësh)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistemet_Time-Sharing_(kohë-ndarës)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistemet_Time-Sharing_(kohë-ndarës)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sistemet Time-Sharing (kohë-ndarës)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistemet_Time-Sharing_(kohë-ndarës)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ndarje_Lineare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ndarje_Lineare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Ndarje Lineare</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ndarje_Lineare-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ndarje Lineare subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ndarje_Lineare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kujtesa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kujtesa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Kujtesa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kujtesa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Faqosja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faqosja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Faqosja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faqosja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kujtesa_Virtuale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kujtesa_Virtuale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Kujtesa Virtuale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kujtesa_Virtuale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drejtuesi_i_sistemit_te_dosjeve" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drejtuesi_i_sistemit_te_dosjeve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Drejtuesi i sistemit te dosjeve</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drejtuesi_i_sistemit_te_dosjeve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizimi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizimi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Organizimi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizimi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drejtuesi_i_mekanizmave_te_Hyrje-Daljes_(Input/Output_ose_I/O)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drejtuesi_i_mekanizmave_te_Hyrje-Daljes_(Input/Output_ose_I/O)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Drejtuesi i mekanizmave te Hyrje-Daljes (Input/Output ose I/O)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drejtuesi_i_mekanizmave_te_Hyrje-Daljes_(Input/Output_ose_I/O)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Udhezuesi_i_pajisjeve_(Device_Driver)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Udhezuesi_i_pajisjeve_(Device_Driver)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Udhezuesi i pajisjeve (Device Driver)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Udhezuesi_i_pajisjeve_(Device_Driver)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nderfaqja_e_perdoruesit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nderfaqja_e_perdoruesit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Nderfaqja e perdoruesit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nderfaqja_e_perdoruesit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistemet_e_pranishëm_në_treg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistemet_e_pranishëm_në_treg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Sistemet e pranishëm në treg</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sistemet_e_pranishëm_në_treg-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sistemet e pranishëm në treg subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sistemet_e_pranishëm_në_treg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sisteme_si_UNIX" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sisteme_si_UNIX"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.1</span> <span>Sisteme si UNIX</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sisteme_si_UNIX-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Microsoft_Windows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microsoft_Windows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.2</span> <span>Microsoft Windows</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microsoft_Windows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apple_Mac_OS_X" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apple_Mac_OS_X"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.3</span> <span>Apple Mac OS X</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apple_Mac_OS_X-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lidhje_te_jashtme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lidhje_te_jashtme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>Lidhje te jashtme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lidhje_te_jashtme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sistemi operativ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 151 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-151" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">151 gjuhë</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS" title="OS – akinezisht" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="OS" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="akinezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedryfstelsel_(inligtingstegnologie)" title="Bedryfstelsel (inligtingstegnologie) – afrikanisht" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bedryfstelsel (inligtingstegnologie)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betriebssystem" title="Betriebssystem – gjermanishte zvicerane" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Betriebssystem" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="gjermanishte zvicerane" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%B2%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B0%E1%88%9D_%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%B0%E1%88%AA" title="የሲስተም አሰሪ – amarisht" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የሲስተም አሰሪ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operativo" title="Sistema operativo – aragonezisht" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sistema operativo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weorcendebyrdness" title="Weorcendebyrdness – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Weorcendebyrdness" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%84" title="نظام تشغيل – arabisht" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام تشغيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%84" title="نظام تشغيل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نظام تشغيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operativu" title="Sistema operativu – asturisht" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sistema operativu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fm%C9%99liyyat_sistemi" title="Əməliyyat sistemi – azerbajxhanisht" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əməliyyat sistemi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajxhanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C" title="ایشلدیم سیستمی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایشلدیم سیستمی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Операцион система – bashkirisht" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Операцион система" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkirisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uoperac%C4%97n%C4%97_s%C4%97stema" title="Uoperacėnė sėstema – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Uoperacėnė sėstema" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Аперацыйная сістэма – bjellorusisht" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аперацыйная сістэма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjellorusisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Апэрацыйная сыстэма – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Апэрацыйная сыстэма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Операционна система – bullgarisht" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Операционна система" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bullgarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE" title="ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE" title="অপারেটিং সিস্টেম – bengalisht" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অপারেটিং সিস্টেম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reizhiad_korvoi%C3%B1" title="Reizhiad korvoiñ – bretonisht" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Reizhiad korvoiñ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operativni_sistem" title="Operativni sistem – boshnjakisht" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Operativni sistem" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="boshnjakisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8D" title="Үйлэдэлэй системэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Үйлэдэлэй системэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operatiu" title="Sistema operatiu – katalonisht" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sistema operatiu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%8F%CC%A4-c%C3%A1uk_hi%C3%AA-t%C5%ABng" title="Chŏ̤-cáuk hiê-tūng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chŏ̤-cáuk hiê-tūng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Операционни система – çeçenisht" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Операционни система" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="çeçenisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AE%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="سیستمی بەکارخەری – kurdishte qendrore" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سیستمی بەکارخەری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdishte qendrore" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_syst%C3%A9m" title="Operační systém – çekisht" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Operační systém" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="çekisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92peracjow%C3%B4_systema" title="Òperacjowô systema – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Òperacjowô systema" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Операци системи – çuvashisht" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Операци системи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="çuvashisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_weithredu" title="System weithredu – uellsisht" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="System weithredu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="uellsisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styresystem" title="Styresystem – danisht" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Styresystem" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betriebssystem" title="Betriebssystem – gjermanisht" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Betriebssystem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="gjermanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemo_operatif" title="Sistemo operatif – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Sistemo operatif" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%83%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Λειτουργικό σύστημα – greqisht" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λειτουργικό σύστημα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greqisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistamma_operat%C3%AEv" title="Sistamma operatîv – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Sistamma operatîv" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system – anglisht" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Operating system" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaciumo" title="Operaciumo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Operaciumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operativo" title="Sistema operativo – spanjisht" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sistema operativo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operatsioonis%C3%BCsteem" title="Operatsioonisüsteem – estonisht" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Operatsioonisüsteem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_eragile" title="Sistema eragile – baskisht" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sistema eragile" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84" title="سیستم‌عامل – persisht" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیستم‌عامل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4ytt%C3%B6j%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4" title="Käyttöjärjestelmä – finlandisht" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Käyttöjärjestelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op%C3%B5rats%27oonis%C3%BCstem" title="Opõrats'oonisüstem – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Opõrats'oonisüstem" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_d%27exploitation" title="Système d'exploitation – frëngjisht" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Système d'exploitation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frëngjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedriifs%C3%BCsteem" title="Bedriifsüsteem – frisianishte veriore" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bedriifsüsteem" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisianishte veriore" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisteme_operat%C3%AEf" title="Sisteme operatîf – friulianisht" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Sisteme operatîf" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulianisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3ras_oibri%C3%BAch%C3%A1in" title="Córas oibriúcháin – irlandisht" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Córas oibriúcháin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operativo" title="Sistema operativo – galicisht" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sistema operativo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apopyvusu_oku%27%C3%A9va" title="Apopyvusu oku'éva – guaranisht" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Apopyvusu oku'éva" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaranisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chok-ngia%CC%8Dp_h%C3%AC-th%C3%BAng" title="Chok-ngia̍p hì-thúng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chok-ngia̍p hì-thúng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%94" title="מערכת הפעלה – hebraisht" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מערכת הפעלה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="प्रचालन तन्त्र – indisht" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रचालन तन्त्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="indisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Operating system" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacijski_sustav" title="Operacijski sustav – kroatisht" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Operacijski sustav" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BA%C4%9B%C5%82owy_system" title="Dźěłowy system – sorbishte e sipërme" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Dźěłowy system" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="sorbishte e sipërme" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oper%C3%A1ci%C3%B3s_rendszer" title="Operációs rendszer – hungarisht" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Operációs rendszer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Օպերացիոն համակարգ – armenisht" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օպերացիոն համակարգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_de_operation" title="Systema de operation – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Systema de operation" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_operasi" title="Sistem operasi – indonezisht" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sistem operasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operativ_systema" title="Operativ systema – gjuha oksidentale" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Operativ systema" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="gjuha oksidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_ti_panangpaandar" title="Sistema ti panangpaandar – ilokoisht" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Sistema ti panangpaandar" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilokoisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funcionanta_sistemo" title="Funcionanta sistemo – idoisht" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Funcionanta sistemo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%BDrikerfi" title="Stýrikerfi – islandisht" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stýrikerfi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operativo" title="Sistema operativo – italisht" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sistema operativo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0" title="オペレーティングシステム – japonisht" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オペレーティングシステム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_operasi_komputer" title="Sistem operasi komputer – javanisht" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sistem operasi komputer" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ოპერაციული სისტემა – gjeorgjisht" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოპერაციული სისტემა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gjeorgjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operatsion_sistema" title="Operatsion sistema – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Operatsion sistema" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anagraw_n_wammud" title="Anagraw n wammud – kabilisht" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Anagraw n wammud" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabilisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Операциялық жүйелер – kazakisht" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Операциялық жүйелер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%A3_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%A8" title="ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರ್ವಹಣ ಸಾಧನ – kanadisht" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರ್ವಹಣ ಸಾಧನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanadisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B4%EC%98%81%EC%B2%B4%EC%A0%9C" title="운영체제 – koreanisht" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="운영체제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%90%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B3%D9%90%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%8E%D9%85" title="آپریٹِنگ سِسٹَم – kashmirisht" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="آپریٹِنگ سِسٹَم" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmirisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedriefsystem" title="Bedriefsystem – këlnisht" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Bedriefsystem" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="këlnisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergala_xebitandin%C3%AA" title="Pergala xebitandinê – kurdisht" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pergala xebitandinê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D3%A7%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Операционнӧй система – komisht" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Операционнӧй система" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Операциялык тутум – kirgizisht" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Операциялык тутум" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_internum" title="Systema internum – latinisht" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Systema internum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betribssystem" title="Betribssystem – luksemburgisht" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Betribssystem" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburgisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_de_opera" title="Sistem de opera – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sistem de opera" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scistema_%C3%B2perativo" title="Scistema òperativo – ligurianisht" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Scistema òperativo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurianisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operativ" title="Sistema operativ – lombardisht" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sistema operativ" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit%C3%A1mbwisi-mokonzi" title="Litámbwisi-mokonzi – lingalisht" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Litámbwisi-mokonzi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ລະບົບປະຕິບັດການ – laosisht" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລະບົບປະຕິບັດການ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacin%C4%97_sistema" title="Operacinė sistema – lituanisht" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Operacinė sistema" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oper%C4%93t%C4%81jsist%C4%93ma" title="Operētājsistēma – letonisht" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Operētājsistēma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpandrindra_milina" title="Mpandrindra milina – madagaskarisht" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mpandrindra milina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="madagaskarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Операционло системе – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Операционло системе" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_operasi" title="Sistem operasi – minangkabauisht" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Sistem operasi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabauisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Оперативен систем – maqedonisht" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Оперативен систем" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maqedonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%82" title="ഓപ്പറേറ്റിങ്‌ സിസ്റ്റം – malajalamisht" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓപ്പറേറ്റിങ്‌ സിസ്റ്റം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Үйлдлийн систем – mongolisht" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Үйлдлийн систем" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="संचालन प्रणाली – maratisht" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="संचालन प्रणाली" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_pengendalian" title="Sistem pengendalian – malajisht" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sistem pengendalian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_ouperatibo" title="Sistema ouperatibo – mirandisht" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Sistema ouperatibo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%85%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ကွန်ပျူတာ စက်လည်ပတ်ရေး စနစ် – birmanisht" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကွန်ပျူတာ စက်လည်ပတ်ရေး စနစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedriefssystem" title="Bedriefssystem – gjermanishte e vendeve të ulëta" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bedriefssystem" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="gjermanishte e vendeve të ulëta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE" title="अपरेटिङ सिस्टम – neuarisht" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अपरेटिङ सिस्टम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="neuarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besturingssysteem" title="Besturingssysteem – holandisht" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Besturingssysteem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operativsystem" title="Operativsystem – norvegjishte nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Operativsystem" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegjishte nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të mirë"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operativsystem" title="Operativsystem – norvegjishte letrare" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Operativsystem" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegjishte letrare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sist%C3%A8ma_operatiu" title="Sistèma operatiu – oksitanisht" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sistèma operatiu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%AE" title="ଅପରେଟିଙ୍ଗ ସିଷ୍ଟମ – odisht" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଅପରେଟିଙ୍ଗ ସିଷ୍ଟମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%AE" title="ਆਪਰੇਟਿੰਗ ਸਿਸਟਮ – punxhabisht" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਪਰੇਟਿੰਗ ਸਿਸਟਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punxhabisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betriebssystem" title="Betriebssystem – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Betriebssystem" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_operacyjny" title="System operacyjny – polonisht" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="System operacyjny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%85" title="اوپریٹنگ سسٹم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اوپریٹنگ سسٹم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operativo" title="Sistema operativo – portugalisht" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sistema operativo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llamk%27achiy_llikacha" title="Llamk'achiy llikacha – keçuaisht" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Llamk'achiy llikacha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keçuaisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_de_operare" title="Sistem de operare – rumanisht" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sistem de operare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Операционная система – rusisht" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Операционная система" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Операчна сістема – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Операчна сістема" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%8B%D1%80_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Операциялыыр система – sakaisht" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Операциялыыр система" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakaisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të përkryer"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operativu" title="Sistema operativu – sardenjisht" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Sistema operativu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardenjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operatin_seestem" title="Operatin seestem – skotisht" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Operatin seestem" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operatiivavuog%C3%A1dat" title="Operatiivavuogádat – samishte veriore" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Operatiivavuogádat" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="samishte veriore" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operativni_sistem" title="Operativni sistem – serbo-kroatisht" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Operativni sistem" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-kroatisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88_%E1%81%B6%E1%80%BD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%90%E1%82%83%E1%82%87" title="ပိူင်သၢင်ႈ ၶွမ်းပျူတႃႇ – shanisht" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ပိူင်သၢင်ႈ ၶွမ်းပျူတႃႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92" title="පරිගණක මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධති – sinhalisht" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පරිගණක මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධති" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Operating system" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera%C4%8Dn%C3%BD_syst%C3%A9m" title="Operačný systém – sllovakisht" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Operačný systém" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="sllovakisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%85" title="آپریٹنگ سسٹم – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="آپریٹنگ سسٹم" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacijski_sistem" title="Operacijski sistem – sllovenisht" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Operacijski sistem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sllovenisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system – somalisht" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Operating system" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Оперативни систем – serbisht" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Оперативни систем" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistim_Operasi" title="Sistim Operasi – sundanisht" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sistim Operasi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operativsystem" title="Operativsystem – suedisht" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Operativsystem" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mfumo_wa_uendeshaji" title="Mfumo wa uendeshaji – suahilisht" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mfumo wa uendeshaji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahilisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uoperacyjno_systyma" title="Uoperacyjno systyma – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Uoperacyjno systyma" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இயக்கு தளம் – tamilisht" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இயக்கு தளம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆపరేటింగ్ సిస్టమ్ – teluguisht" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆపరేటింగ్ సిస్టమ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="teluguisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Системомил – taxhikisht" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Системомил" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taxhikisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="ระบบปฏิบัติการ – tajlandisht" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระบบปฏิบัติการ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Operating system" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9Fletim_sistemi" title="İşletim sistemi – turqisht" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İşletim sistemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turqisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Операцион система – tatarisht" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Операцион система" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B4%D8%BA%DB%87%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%85%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="مەشغۇلات سىستېمىسى – ujgurisht" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مەشغۇلات سىستېمىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Операційна система – ukrainisht" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Операційна система" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%85" title="آپریٹنگ سسٹم – urduisht" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آپریٹنگ سسٹم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urduisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishlatuv_tizimi" title="Ishlatuv tizimi – uzbekisht" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ishlatuv tizimi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_oparadivo" title="Sistema oparadivo – venetisht" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sistema oparadivo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_%C4%91i%E1%BB%81u_h%C3%A0nh" title="Hệ điều hành – vietnamisht" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ điều hành" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistinme_d%27_operance" title="Sistinme d' operance – ualunisht" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Sistinme d' operance" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="ualunisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operatiba" title="Sistema operatiba – uarajisht" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sistema operatiba" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="uarajisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosteg_doxiin" title="Nosteg doxiin – uolofisht" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Nosteg doxiin" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="uolofisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="操作系统 – kinezishte vu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="操作系统" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="kinezishte vu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ოპერაციული სისტემა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოპერაციული სისტემა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%9D" title="אפערירן סיסטעם – jidisht" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אפערירן סיסטעם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_System" title="Operating System – jorubaisht" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Operating System" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubaisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="操作系统 – kinezisht" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="操作系统" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chok-gia%CC%8Dp_h%C4%93-th%C3%B3ng" title="Chok-gia̍p hē-thóng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chok-gia̍p hē-thóng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="作業系統 – kantonezisht" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="作業系統" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9135#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Përpunoni lidhje ndërgjuhësore" class="wbc-editpage">Përpunoni lidhje</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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Sistemi Operativ është një pjesë shumë e rëndësishme e kompjuterit. Në një shpjegim të thjeshtë hardueri është pjesa fizike e kompjuterit ndërsa sistemi operativ është ai që e lëviz. </p><p>Sot ka shumë distributorë të sistemeve operative të cilat mund të përmenden Windows vista, xp, 7, 8, 10, MacOS, iOS, android, Ubuntu, Linux etj. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sistemi_Operativ">Sistemi Operativ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redakto pjesën: Sistemi Operativ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Sistemi Operativ"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sistemi operativ është programi kryesor në një kompjuter. Përmes tij ekzekutohet çdo program tjetër aplikativ. Sistemi operativ kujdeset për funksionet bazë të kompjuterit siç janë njohja e hyrjeve prej tastierës, daljet në pajisjet dalëse, mbajtja e shënimeve për ndryshimet në skeda dhe direktori si dhe kontrollimi i pajisjeve periferike si disqet dhe gjurmështypësit. Ekzistojnë sisteme operative të ndryshme, por i pari që është shfrytëzuar ka qene DOS-i (Disk Operating System) i paraqitur nga firma "IBM" ne vitin 1981. Meqë për të punuar me të nevojitej që shfrytëzuesit të kishin njohuri të avancuara të kompjuterit, firma Microsoft paraqiti Windows 3.11 si sistem operativ shumë më të përsosur se DOS-i. Më vonë u paraqitën edhe sisteme operative të tjera nga Microsoft si: Windows 95, Windows NT, Windows 98, Windows ME, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows 2003, Windows Vista (2007) dhe Windows Seven(7) në vitin 2009, Windows(8) 2012. Gjithashtu ka edhe sisteme operative te tjera, si UNIX, LINUX etj..... </p><p><a href="/wiki/Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Software">Programet kompjuterike</a> mund të ndahen në dy kategori kryesore: </p> <ul><li>– programet e sistemit që drejtojnë operacionet e sistemit të përpunimit</li> <li>– programet zbatuese që zgjidhin problemet e përdoruesve të tyre;</li></ul> <p>Bashkësia e Programeve të Sistemit njihet me emrin Sistemi Operativ (SO).? </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Përbërja"><span id="P.C3.ABrb.C3.ABrja"></span>Përbërja</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redakto pjesën: Përbërja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Përbërja"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sistemi operativ përbëhet nga një <a href="/wiki/Sistemi" title="Sistemi">sistem</a> më vete i quajtur <b>kernel</b> (bërthama) dhe nga një numër programesh të sistemit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Qëllimi_i_Sistemit_Operativ"><span id="Q.C3.ABllimi_i_Sistemit_Operativ"></span>Qëllimi i Sistemit Operativ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redakto pjesën: Qëllimi i Sistemit Operativ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Qëllimi i Sistemit Operativ"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Drejtimi i burimeve të sistemit të përpunimit</li> <li>Lehtësimi i komunikimit midis personit dhe makinës (kompjuterit).</li></ul> <p>Një sistem operativ siguron një <a href="/wiki/Mjedis" title="Mjedis">mjedis</a> për ekzekutimin e programeve duke mundësuar shërbime të nevojshme nga këto <a href="/w/index.php?title=Programe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Programe (nuk është shkruar akoma)">programe</a>. Shërbimet apo programet e tij ndahen në pesë kategori: 1. Kontrolli proceseve 2. Sistemi i skedave 3. Veprimet Hyrje/Dalje 4. Komunikimi ndërprocesor 5. Mirëmbajtja e informacionit </p><p>Sistemi operativ duhet të përpiqet të plotësojë këto kërkesa për disa përdorues të tij dhe të merret me <a href="/w/index.php?title=Menaxhimin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menaxhimin (nuk është shkruar akoma)">menaxhimin</a> e: </p> <ul><li>• Burimeve</li> <li>• Gabimeve</li> <li>• Mbrojtjes</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Puna_e_Sistemit:_Kontrolli_i_Proceseve">Puna e Sistemit: Kontrolli i Proceseve</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redakto pjesën: Puna e Sistemit: Kontrolli i Proceseve" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Puna e Sistemit: Kontrolli i Proceseve"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Një proces është njësi e punës. Proceset duhet të jenë në gjendje për të kontrolluar funksionimin e tyre, si edhe krijimin e proceseve të reja për të kryer detyra të tjera. Thirrjet sistem që menaxhojnë proceset janë: • fork: krijon një proces të ri • exit: ndërprerja normale, abort: • ndërprerje anormale • execve: ngarkon dhe ekzekutuar një program tjetër • wait: pret që të përfundojë një proces tjetër • menaxhimi sinjalesh: trajtimi i ngjarjeve asinkrone • sinjal sigaction: reagimi ndaj sinjaleve • vrasje: sinjal dërguar për ndërprerjen e procesit • pthread: për krijimin dhe menaxhimin e thred-eve e shumta që ekzekutohen në një proces të vetëm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sistemi_i_Skedave">Sistemi i Skedave</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redakto pjesën: Sistemi i Skedave" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Sistemi i Skedave"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sistemi i skedave të Unix është shumë më i komplikuar se sa duket • Direktoria rrënjë është e vendosur në diskun i cili është organizuar me anë të një sistemi të i skedave, p.sh. ext2. • Ka një CD-ROM në makinë, cd e të cilit është organizuar duke përdorur sistemin e skedave HSFS.• Nëse direktoria "kaharris" e përdoruesit gjendet në një tjetër server, p.sh. Brahman.cs.uchicago.edu:/export/u2/kaharris, ajo mund të administrohet duke përdorur sistemin e skedave në rrjet NFS. • direktoria /proc nuk është e vendosur në ndonjë pajisje. Dosjet nuk janë vende të magazinimit të të dhënave duket sikur kanë përmbajtje: cat /proc/1/status ose cat /proc/ jep proceset • direktoritë në /dev janë pajisjet fizike. Për shembull, /dev/pts/2 është terminali, /dev/mouse është miushi dhe /dev/lp0 është një gjurmështypës. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sistemi_operativ:_Puna_me_sistemin">Sistemi operativ: Puna me sistemin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redakto pjesën: Sistemi operativ: Puna me sistemin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Sistemi operativ: Puna me sistemin"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Sistemi i skedave të Unix mundëson një nivel të lartë të organizimit të burimeve në dispozicion për proceset dhe përdoruesit. Sistemi i skedave të Unix është e organizuar si një graf aciklik i drejtuar, me nyjet që përfaqësojnë direktori. Nyjet me fëmijë janë direktori që përmbajnë direktori të tjera ose skeda. Proceset mundësojnë lëvizjen në sistemin e skedave dhe ndryshimin e strukturës së tij: • chdir: lëviz në një direktori të re • getcwd: jep direktorinë aktuale të punës • opendir, closedir: hap dhe mbyll një direktori • readdir: lexon një direktori • stat, fdopen: shfaq gjendjen e skedës, hap skedën • link, unlink: vendos dhe heq lidhje të fortë (një alias për një skedë) • symbolic link: krijon një lidhje të butë (një tregues për një tjetër skedë)</p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Skeda:Ubuntu_9.04_Jaunty_Jackalope.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ubuntu_9.04_Jaunty_Jackalope.png/252px-Ubuntu_9.04_Jaunty_Jackalope.png" decoding="async" width="252" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ubuntu_9.04_Jaunty_Jackalope.png/378px-Ubuntu_9.04_Jaunty_Jackalope.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ubuntu_9.04_Jaunty_Jackalope.png/504px-Ubuntu_9.04_Jaunty_Jackalope.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Ndwrfaqja grafike e sistemit operativ Ubuntu</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aktivitetet_e_Sistemit_Operativ">Aktivitetet e Sistemit Operativ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redakto pjesën: Aktivitetet e Sistemit Operativ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Aktivitetet e Sistemit Operativ"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Drejtimi i kujteses masive (file system); (HDD Hard Disk Drive)</li> <li>Drejtimi i performances RAM (Random Acces Memory);</li> <li>Drejtimi i proceseve;(Proccesor CPU si prsh Intel Core i-7 etj</li> <li>Drejtimi i nderfaqes(paraqitja grafike) se perdoruesit; (Karta grafike si prsh Nvidia GTX Monster Z)</li> <li>Perdorimi njekohesisht i shume perdoruesve ne te njejten makine;</li> <li>Kryerje e njekoheshme e shume proceseve mbi te njeten makine.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Struktura_e_Sistemit_Operativ">Struktura e Sistemit Operativ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redakto pjesën: Struktura e Sistemit Operativ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Struktura e Sistemit Operativ"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sistemet Operative janë pergjithesisht te perbere nga nje bashkesi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moduli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moduli (nuk është shkruar akoma)">modulesh</a>, sejcili me nje funksion te percaktuar. Modulet e ndryshme te sistemit operativ veprojne midis tyre sipas rregullave te percaktuara ne menyre qe te realizohen funksionet baze te makines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sistemet_Mono-Tasking_(një_detyrësh)"><span id="Sistemet_Mono-Tasking_.28nj.C3.AB_detyr.C3.ABsh.29"></span>Sistemet Mono-Tasking (një detyrësh)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redakto pjesën: Sistemet Mono-Tasking (një detyrësh)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Sistemet Mono-Tasking (një detyrësh)"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Sistemet Operative qe bejne kryerjen e nje programi te vetem njihen me emrin mono-tasking (një detyrësh);</li> <li>Nuk është e mundur te nderpritet kryerja i nje programi për ti dhene CPU-ne nje tjeter programi</li> <li>Jane historikisht Sistemet e para Operative. (psh <a href="/w/index.php?title=MSDOS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MSDOS (nuk është shkruar akoma)">MSDOS</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sistemet_Multi-Tasking_(shumë-detyrësh)"><span id="Sistemet_Multi-Tasking_.28shum.C3.AB-detyr.C3.ABsh.29"></span>Sistemet Multi-Tasking (shumë-detyrësh)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redakto pjesën: Sistemet Multi-Tasking (shumë-detyrësh)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Sistemet Multi-Tasking (shumë-detyrësh)"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sistemet Operative qe lejojne kryerjen e njehersheme te shume programeve njihen si shumë-detyrësh (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows-NT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Windows-NT (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Windows-NT</a> , <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>); Nje program mund te nderpritet dhe CPU-ja i kalohet nje programi tjeter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sistemet_Time-Sharing_(kohë-ndarës)"><span id="Sistemet_Time-Sharing_.28koh.C3.AB-ndar.C3.ABs.29"></span>Sistemet Time-Sharing (kohë-ndarës)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redakto pjesën: Sistemet Time-Sharing (kohë-ndarës)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Sistemet Time-Sharing (kohë-ndarës)"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nje zhvillim i sistemeve shumë-detyrësh janë sistemet kohë-ndarës. Çdo program ne veprim kryhet periodikisht ne intervale te vogla kohe. </p><p>Nese shpejtesia e procesorit është mjaft e larte krijohet pershtypja e nje zhvillimi paralel te proceseve. </p> <ul><li>Organizimi dhe drejtimi i kujteses qendrore është pamja me kritike ne krijimin e nje SO;</li> <li>Drejtuesi i kujteses është moduli i SO i ngarkuar me shperndarjen e kujteses ne detyra (task) te ndryshme (për te kryer nje detyre është e nevojshme qe kodi i saj te futet ne kujtese);</li> <li>Koklavitja e drejtuesit te kujteses varet nga tipi i SO;</li> <li>Ne sistemet shume-detyresh munden me u ngarku ne kujtese shume programe njekohesisht</li> <li>Problem: si te ndahet hapesira ne menyre optimale</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ndarje_Lineare">Ndarje Lineare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redakto pjesën: Ndarje Lineare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Ndarje Lineare"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kujtesa">Kujtesa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Redakto pjesën: Kujtesa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Kujtesa"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moderne të përgjithshëm me qëllim kompjutera, duke përfshirë kompjuterët personal dhe Mainframes, kanë një sistemit operativ për të drejtuar programet e tjera, të tilla si software e aplikimit. Shembuj të veprojnë sistemet e kompjuterëve personal janë Microsoft Windows, Mac OS (dhe Darvini), UNIX, dhe Linux.Niveli më i ulët i çdo sistemi operativ është kernel i saj. Kjo është shtresa e parë e programeve ngarkuar në memorie kur një çizme të sistemit ose fillimi up. Kernel siguron qasje të ndryshme dhe shërbimet e përbashkëta thelbësore për të gjithë sistemin e të tjera dhe programet e aplikimit. Këto shërbime përfshijnë, por nuk kufizohen vetëm në: qasje disk, menaxhimin e kujtesës, planifikimin e detyrave, si dhe qasje në pajisje të tjera pajisjet. Si edhe të kernel, një sistem operativ është shpërndarë shpesh me mjete për programet të shfaqur dhe për të menaxhuar një ndërfaqe grafike të përdoruesit (edhe pse Windows dhe Macintosh kanë këto mjete të ndërtuar në sistemit operativ), si dhe programet e shërbimeve për detyra të tilla si menaxhimin e dosjeve dhe konfigurimin e sistemit operativ. Ata gjithashtu janë shpërndarë shpesh me aplikacionet e softuerit atë nuk mund ta lidhesh direkt me funksionin e sistemit operativ bazë, por ne të cilat eshte sistemi operativ distributor gjen favorshëm për të furnizuar me sistemin operativ.Drejtim të specifikimit në mes sistemit operativ dhe software aplikimit nuk është e saktë, dhe është herë pas here objekt polemikash. Nga pikat tregtare ose juridik, ndarje mund të varet kontekstin e interesave të përfshira. Për shembull, një nga pyetjet kryesore në shtetet e Bashkuara k gjyq Microsoft antitrust ishte nëse shfletuesi i Microsoft-it web ishte pjesë e saj sistemit operativ, ose nëse kjo ishte një pjesë e ndashme e softuerit të aplikimit.Ashtu si "sistemi operativ" vetë termi, pyetja se çfarë pikërisht duhet të formojnë"Kernel" është subjekt i ndonjë polemike, me debate nëse mbi gjëra të tilla si sistemet e skedarëve duhet të t'u përfshirë në kernel. Kampe të ndryshme avokat microkernels, kernelit monolit, dhe kështu me radhë.Sistemet operative janë përdorur në shumicën, por jo të gjitha, sistemet kompjuterike. Kompjuterët thjeshta,duke përfshirë sistemet e vogla ngulitur dhe shumë prej kompjuterëve të parë nuk janë operative sistemeve. Në vend të kësaj, ata u mbështetën në programet e aplikimit për të menaxhuar hardware minimale veten, ndoshta me ndihmën e bibliotekave të zhvilluara për këtë qëllim. Komercialisht furnizuar Sistemet operative janë të pranishëm në pothuajse të gjitha pajisjet moderne të përshkruara si kompjutera, nga personale kompjutera për mainframes, si dhe kompjutera celulare të tilla si PDAs dhe telefonat celularë. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faqosja">Faqosja</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Redakto pjesën: Faqosja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Faqosja"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kujtesa_Virtuale">Kujtesa Virtuale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Redakto pjesën: Kujtesa Virtuale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Kujtesa Virtuale"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Shpesh kujtesa kompjuterike nuk është e mjaftueshme për te permbajtur te gjitha kodet e detyrave te ndryshme;</li> <li>Mund te simulohet nje kujtese me e madhe qe mban ne (<a href="/wiki/RAM" class="mw-redirect" title="RAM">RAM</a>) vetem pjeset e kodeve dhe te dhenave qe sherbejne ne ate çast;</li> <li>Perdoret koncepti i kujteses virtuale.</li> <li>Te dhenat e programeve jo ne perdorim mund te hiqen nga kujtesa qendrore dhe te vendosen ne <a href="/w/index.php?title=Disku_kompjuterik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disku kompjuterik (nuk është shkruar akoma)">diskun</a> kompjuterik ne zonen e quajtur zona e shkembimit (swap-it).</li> <li>Raporti i dimensioneve te zones shkembyese dhe e RAM-it është 3 : 1 (maksimum);</li> <li>Procesoret moderne zoterojne mekanizma harduere për te lehtesuar drejtimin e kujteses virtuale.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Drejtuesi_i_sistemit_te_dosjeve">Drejtuesi i sistemit te dosjeve</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Redakto pjesën: Drejtuesi i sistemit te dosjeve" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Drejtuesi i sistemit te dosjeve"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Drejtuesi i sistemit te dosjeve (file system) është moduli i sistemit operativ qe ben drejtimin e informacioneve te ruajtura ne mekanizmat e kujteses masive. Ky drejtues duhet te garantoje korrektesine dhe koherencen e informacioneve. Ne sistemet shume-perdorues, duhet te vendose ne dispozicion mekanizma te mbrojtjes , ne menyre qe ti lejoje perdoruesve mbrojtjen e te dhenave nga perdorues jo te autorizuar. </p><p>Funksionet tipike qe duhet te kryhen jane: </p> <ul><li>– Te jepet nje mekanizem për identifikimin e dosjeve;</li> <li>– Te jepen menyrat me te voliteshme ne qasjen e te dhenave;</li> <li>– Te behet transparente struktura fizike e mbeshtetesit te kujtimit;</li> <li>– Zbatimi i mekanizmave te mbrojtjes se te dhenave.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizimi">Organizimi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Redakto pjesën: Organizimi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Organizimi"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gati te gjithë sistemet oprative perdorin nje organizim hierarkik te sistemit te dosjeve. Elementi qe ben rigrupimin e shume dosjeve se bashku quhet drejtoria (directory); Bashkesia hierarkike e drejtorive dhe dosjeve mund te paraqitet nepermjet nje skeme grafike te drejtorive </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Drejtuesi_i_mekanizmave_te_Hyrje-Daljes_(Input/Output_ose_I/O)"><span id="Drejtuesi_i_mekanizmave_te_Hyrje-Daljes_.28Input.2FOutput_ose_I.2FO.29"></span>Drejtuesi i mekanizmave te Hyrje-Daljes (Input/Output ose I/O)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Redakto pjesën: Drejtuesi i mekanizmave te Hyrje-Daljes (Input/Output ose I/O)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Drejtuesi i mekanizmave te Hyrje-Daljes (Input/Output ose I/O)"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Drejtuesi i mekanizmave te I/O është moduli i SO i ngarkuar me dhenien e detyrave mekanizmave qe bejne kerkesen dhe për ti kontrolluar. Nga ata varet cilesia dhe tipi i pajisjeve te lidhura ne kompjuter dhe te njohura nga sistemi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Udhezuesi_i_pajisjeve_(Device_Driver)"><span id="Udhezuesi_i_pajisjeve_.28Device_Driver.29"></span>Udhezuesi i pajisjeve (Device Driver)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Redakto pjesën: Udhezuesi i pajisjeve (Device Driver)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Udhezuesi i pajisjeve (Device Driver)"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kontrolli i mekanizmave te H/N behet permes programeve te posaçme te quajtura udhezuesi i pajisjeve (Device Driver); udhezuesi i pajisjeve kryhet nga prodhuesit e mekanizmave qe njohin shume mire veçorite fizike. </p><p>Keto programe kryejne keto funksione: </p> <ul><li>Bejne transparente veçorite tipike fizike te çdo mekanizmi;</li> <li>Drejtojne komunikimin e sinjaleve drejt mekanizmave;</li> <li>Drejtojne mosmarrveshjet, ne rastin kur dy ose me shume detyra duan te hyjne njekohesisht ne te njejtin mekanizem.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nderfaqja_e_perdoruesit">Nderfaqja e perdoruesit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Redakto pjesën: Nderfaqja e perdoruesit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Nderfaqja e perdoruesit"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Te gjithe sistemet operative perdorin mekanizma për ta bere sa me te lehte perdorimin e sistemit nga perdoruesi; bashkesia a ketyre mekanizmave te hyrjes ne kompjuter merr emrin e nderfaqes se perdoruesit </p> <ul><li>Nderfaqja tekstuale: <ul><li>komanda perkthyese (guacke - shell )</li> <li>Shembull <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nderfaqja grafike (me dritare): <ul><li>Nxjerrja e programeve te ndryshme shfaqet ne menyre grafike permes dritareve</li> <li>Perdorimi i skicave e ben me intuitiv perdorimin e llogariteses;</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sistemet_e_pranishëm_në_treg"><span id="Sistemet_e_pranish.C3.ABm_n.C3.AB_treg"></span>Sistemet e pranishëm në treg</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Redakto pjesën: Sistemet e pranishëm në treg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Sistemet e pranishëm në treg"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Në treg janë të pranishëm një sasi e madhe sistemesh operative. Në të kaluarën prirja e shtëpive prodhuese të sistemeve të perpunimit ishte që të zhvillonin sisteme operative për arkitekturën e tyre, prirja e sotme është ajo a sistemave operative të përdorshëm në platforma të ndryshme. Kjo është lista e sistemeve më të njohur: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sisteme_si_UNIX">Sisteme si UNIX</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Redakto pjesën: Sisteme si UNIX" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Sisteme si UNIX"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Skeda:Linux_sreenshot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/sq/thumb/8/83/Linux_sreenshot.jpg/220px-Linux_sreenshot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/sq/thumb/8/83/Linux_sreenshot.jpg/330px-Linux_sreenshot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/sq/thumb/8/83/Linux_sreenshot.jpg/440px-Linux_sreenshot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Një desktop <a href="/w/index.php?title=KDE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KDE (nuk është shkruar akoma)">KDE</a> i personalizuar në <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Janë sistemet operativë të lidhur me <a href="/w/index.php?title=System_V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System V (nuk është shkruar akoma)">System V</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=BSD_(operating_system)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BSD (operating system) (nuk është shkruar akoma)">BSD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>,<a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a>.<br /> Janë sisteme me liçense: <a href="/wiki/GNU" title="GNU">GNU</a>, <a href="/wiki/Open_source" class="mw-redirect" title="Open source">Open source</a> (<i>kod i hapur</i>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Freeware&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freeware (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Freeware</a>, etj.<br /> Këto sisteme janë edhe disa nga sistemet më të sigurtë dhe të fortë (<i>të qëndrueshëm</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Microsoft_Windows">Microsoft Windows</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Redakto pjesën: Microsoft Windows" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Microsoft Windows"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Skeda:Windows_Vista_Desktop.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/sq/thumb/5/55/Windows_Vista_Desktop.png/220px-Windows_Vista_Desktop.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/sq/thumb/5/55/Windows_Vista_Desktop.png/330px-Windows_Vista_Desktop.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/sq/thumb/5/55/Windows_Vista_Desktop.png/440px-Windows_Vista_Desktop.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Desktop i Vista i nisur për herë të parë.</figcaption></figure> <p>Është sistemi operatv më i përhapur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apple_Mac_OS_X">Apple Mac OS X</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Redakto pjesën: Apple Mac OS X" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Apple Mac OS X"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Skeda:Macleopard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/sq/thumb/2/24/Macleopard.jpg/220px-Macleopard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/sq/thumb/2/24/Macleopard.jpg/330px-Macleopard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/sq/thumb/2/24/Macleopard.jpg/440px-Macleopard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="416" /></a><figcaption>Një pamje ekrani e sistemit operativ nga Apple: OS X Leopard</figcaption></figure> <p>Një nga sistemet më të sigurtë. </p><p>Në Pranverë 2009 del versioni i ri Mac Os X 10.6 i quajtur Snow Leopard </p><p>LINUX </p><p>Ubuntu ose i njohur me mire si Linux eshte Sistem Operativ per Kompujtera me Remote(Kontrollim nga nje komp. ne nje tjeter me ane te lidhjes se internetit) qe me shume perdoret per Dedicated Gaming Servers per shembull per lojra si Counter-Strike me pas per Call Of Duty , Halo , BattleField etj... Nuk ju keshilloj te mbani Linux per Sistem Operativ pasi nuk eshte i dizenjuar aq mire per te qene nje kompjuter per pune (Desktop PC) eshte dizenjuar per te qene Server.Keshtu qe duhet te mbani per sistem operativ Windows XP/Vista/7/8 (Une nuk po ju detyroj te perdorni windows si operating nese doni edhe mund ta mbani linuxin pasi deri me sot jane gjetur VETEM 45 viruse per linux) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lidhje_te_jashtme">Lidhje te jashtme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Redakto pjesën: Lidhje te jashtme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_operativ&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Lidhje te jashtme"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060720234613/http://dmoz.org/Computers/Software/Operating_Systems/">Anglisht. Sistemet operuese.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbi.umn.edu/iterations/haigh.html">Anglisht. Historia e sistemeve operues.</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2520769">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Stampa_diskutim:Interneti" title="Stampa diskutim:Interneti"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stampa:Interneti&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Interneti" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Interneti</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vegla_elektronike" title="Vegla elektronike">Vegla elektronike</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kompjuteri" title="Kompjuteri">Kompjuteri</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Kompjuteri_personal" title="Kompjuteri personal">Kompjuteri personal</a>)</small> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Modemi" title="Modemi">Modem</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/RAM" class="mw-redirect" title="RAM">RAM</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Fibrat_optike" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibrat optike">Fibrat optike</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Rrjetat_pa_kablo" class="mw-redirect" title="Rrjetat pa kablo">Wireless</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/AGP" title="AGP">AGP</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vegla_informatike" title="Vegla informatike">Vegla informatike</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sistemi operativ</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Shfletuesi_i_internetit" title="Shfletuesi i internetit">Browser</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">IE</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox" title="Mozilla Firefox">Mozilla Firefox</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=DHTML&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DHTML (nuk është shkruar akoma)">DHTML</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/SQ_Spell_Checker" title="SQ Spell Checker">SQ Spell</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kursivi" title="Kursivi">Kursivi</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">Wiki</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tejlidhje" title="Tejlidhje">weblink (hyperlink)</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Protokolli" title="Protokolli">Protokolli</a></b> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Adresa_IP" title="Adresa IP">IP</a> <b>·</b>  <a 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