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id="primary" style="--main-color: #0C55A6"><div class="updem-hero__top-section uk-flex uk-flex-middle"> <a href="https://upgradedemocracy.de"><p class="uk-h1 uk-light uk-text-center uk-flex uk-flex-column uk-flex-middle updem-page__title"><span>upgrade</span><span>democracy</span></p></a></div><section id="main-content" class="updem-grid__lines updem-blue-background"><div class="updem-container updem-article__container"><div uk-grid class="uk-grid-collapse"><div class="uk-width-1-1 uk-width-1-3@m"><div class="uk-cover-container updem-gradient-blue updem-article__header-image-container uk-visible@m" uk-sticky="position: bottom; end: !#main-content;"> <img src="https://upgradedemocracy.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2023/07/2024-up-dem-blog-Disinformation-what-it-means-and-why-we-are-dealing-with-it.png" alt="" uk-cover></div><div class="uk-cover-container updem-gradient-blue updem-article__header-image-container uk-hidden@m"> <img src="https://upgradedemocracy.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2023/07/2024-up-dem-blog-Disinformation-what-it-means-and-why-we-are-dealing-with-it.png" alt="" uk-cover></div></div><div class="uk-width-1-1 uk-width-2-3@m uk-background-default uk-position-relative updem-article__content-section"><div class="uk-position-absolute uk-position-top-left uk-position-small uk-visible@m"> <span uk-icon="icon: article; ratio: 1.5;" style="color: var(--main-color);"></span></div><div class="uk-height-1-1 uk-flex uk-flex-column uk-flex-right"><h1 class="updem-color-blue updem-font-chakra uk-margin-large-top"> Desinformationen – was sie bedeuten und warum wir uns damit befassen</h1><ul class="uk-flex uk-flex-left uk-flex-wrap uk-margin-medium uk-padding-remove"><div class="updem-article-pill uk-text-small uk-margin-small-right">Community</div></ul><p class="uk-text-large uk-margin-remove-top uk-margin-bottom"> Julia Tegeler</p><div class="uk-text-small uk-margin-large-top uk-margin-bottom uk-flex uk-flex-middle"><div>Artikel</div><div class="updem-dot"></div><div><time>03.07.2023</time></div></div></div></div></div><div uk-grid class="uk-grid-collapse"><div class="uk-width-1-1 uk-width-1-3@m"></div><div class="uk-width-1-1 uk-width-2-3@m updem-article__content-section uk-background-default"><div class="uk-section uk-padding-remove-top"><p>Weltweit stehen Demokratien unter Druck. Durch gezielte Desinformationskampagnen von antidemokratischen Kräften werden Polarisierung, Radikalisierung und Unfrieden in der Bevölkerung entfacht und befeuert. Ihr Ziel: Demokratien destabilisieren und die eigene Macht ausweiten. Doch was sind Desinformationen eigentlich? Was macht sie so gefährlich? Und warum beschäftigen wir uns in Upgrade Democracy damit?</p><h2>Was sind Desinformationen?</h2><p>Desinformationen sind nachweislich falsche oder irreführende Informationen, die mit dem Vorsatz verfasst und verbreitet werden, zu täuschen und zu manipulieren. Wer Desinformationen verbreitet, will damit in der Regel gesellschaftliche, politische oder wirtschaftliche Prozesse zum eigenen Vorteil beeinflussen. Die Absicht zur Irreführung ist also ein wesentliches Merkmal von Desinformationen. Unterlaufen bei einer Berichterstattung hingegen versehentlich Fehler und werden falsche Informationen oder irreführende Inhalte unbeabsichtigt verbreitet, handelt es sich nicht um . Hier spricht man stattdessen von Mis- oder Fehlinformationen. Damit sind Informationen gemeint, die zwar falsch oder fehlerhaft sind, deren Fehlerhaftigkeit jedoch nicht beabsichtigt ist. Im Unterschied zu Desinformationen, die gewollt falsch und irreführend sind, werden Misinformationen normalerweise auch nicht systematisch verbreitet, was eine Richtigstellung erleichtert.</p><p>Ebenfalls von Desinformationen zu unterscheiden sind Malinformationen. Das sind Informationen, die zutreffend sind, aber mit der Absicht produziert und verbreitet werden, jemandem zu schaden oder Polarisierung in der Gesellschaft zu schüren. Beispiele hierfür sind das Veröffentlichen vertraulicher Informationen (Leaks) oder personenbezogener Daten mit bösartiger Absicht gegenüber den betroffenen Personen (Doxing) sowie Meinungsmache, bestimmte Formen von Hate Speech oder auch einseitige oder unvollständige Berichterstattung in den Boulevardmedien. Entscheidend ist hier jeweils die bösartige Absicht.</p><p><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-462 size-full" src="https://upgradedemocracy.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2023/07/info-grafik-desinformation-1.jpg" alt="" width="1400" height="699" srcset="https://upgradedemocracy.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2023/07/info-grafik-desinformation-1.jpg 1400w, https://upgradedemocracy.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2023/07/info-grafik-desinformation-1-300x150.jpg 300w, https://upgradedemocracy.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2023/07/info-grafik-desinformation-1-1024x511.jpg 1024w, https://upgradedemocracy.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2023/07/info-grafik-desinformation-1-768x383.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px" /></p><p>Quelle: Council of Europe report (2017): <a href="https://edoc.coe.int/en/media/7495-information-disorder-toward-an-interdisciplinary-framework-for-research-and-policy-making.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">INFORMATION DISORDER: Toward an interdisciplinary framework for research and policy making</a></p><h2>Welche Formen von Desinformation gibt es und wie verbreiten sie sich?</h2><p>Desinformationen können verschiedene Formen annehmen. Mal werden Inhalte völlig frei erfunden, mal unvollständig wiedergegeben oder aus ihrem ursprünglichen Kontext gerissen und in einen anderen Zusammenhang gestellt. Entscheidend ist die Täuschungsabsicht. Beispiele für Desinformationen sind Verschwörungserzählungen, oder Nachrichtenbeiträge mit bewusst verfälschten Informationen. Produziert werden Desinformationen in Form von Texten und gefälschten oder manipulierten Videos und Fotos (Deepfakes). Da sie täuschend echt aussehen (können), ist es schwierig, sie als Fälschungen zu entlarven. Im Internet und in den sozialen Medien verbreiten sie sich oft schnell und unkontrolliert. Denn Desinformationskampagnen machen sich die Funktionslogiken der sozialen Medien bewusst zu eigen: Je emotionalisierter, kontroverser oder zugespitzter die Aussagen, desto schneller und stärker verbreiten die auf Klicks und Reaktionen optimierten Algorithmen der großen sozialen Plattformen die Posts und Kommentare. Steigende Nutzer:innenzahlen und der Trend, dass sich immer mehr Menschen auf sozialen Plattformen informieren, verstärken das Schadenspotenzial solcher Kampagnen. Obwohl sie also kein neues Phänomen sind, entfalten Desinformationen in unserer digitalisierten Öffentlichkeit eine neue Dimension und Dynamik.</p><h2>Warum sind Desinformationen so gefährlich?</h2><p>Zu den Grundpfeilern einer lebendigen und starken Demokratie gehören der freie Zugang zu Informationen, eine faktenbasierte, faire Debattenkultur und damit verbunden die Möglichkeit der freien, selbstbestimmten Meinungsbildung. Desinformationen untergraben diese Grundpfeiler. Sie manipulieren den öffentlichen Diskurs durch falsche und irreführende Inhalte, schüren Ängste und Verunsicherung sowie Uneinigkeit und Konflikte in der Bevölkerung. So verhindern sie, dass sich Bürger:innen auf Grundlage von Fakten und fairen Diskursen eine eigene Meinung bilden und informiert am demokratischen Prozess – z.B. bei Wahlen – partizipieren sowie die Politik im eigenen Land mitgestalten können. Langfristig unterminieren sie das Vertrauen in demokratische Institutionen, Prozesse und Akteur:innen. Deshalb stellen Desinformationen eine große Gefahr für die Demokratie insgesamt dar.</p><h2>Warum engagieren wir uns im Kampf gegen Desinformationen?</h2><p>Mit dieser Gefahr müssen wir bewusst umgehen und Maßnahmen ergreifen, um die demokratischen, freiheitlichen Prozesse zu schützen. Hierbei geht es zum einen darum, gezielt gegen die Verbreitung und den Einfluss von Desinformationen vorzugehen – etwa durch staatliche Regulierung von Plattformen oder durch Förderung von Medien- und Informationskompetenz. Zum anderen geht es darum, vor dem Hintergrund einer digitalisierten Gesellschaft eine lebendige, pluralistische Diskurskultur zu stärken und demokratische Prozesse zukunftsfähig zu gestalten. Auf den Punkt gebracht: Die Demokratie braucht ein Upgrade. Wir alle – Bürger:innen, Politiker:innen, Journalist:innen, Wissenschaftler:innen und Aktivist:innen – müssen dafür sorgen, dass die Demokratie für die Herausforderungen der digitalen Öffentlichkeit gewappnet ist und die Chancen, die sich in ihr ergeben, besser nutzt. Denn die Digitalisierung verschafft nicht nur antidemokratischen Kräften neue Mittel und Wege für schädliche Desinformationskampagnen. Sie stellt auch eine Chance für demokratische Staaten und ihre Bürger:innen dar, indem sie neue Möglichkeiten für politische Partizipation, vielfältigere Diskurse und umfangreichere Transparenz schafft. Gemeinsam und im ständigen Austausch mit Expert:innen und Partner:innen können und wollen wir mit unserem Projekt Upgrade Democracy hierzu beitragen.</p><p>Deshalb bauen wir Brücken zwischen vielfältigen, internationalen Akteur:innen, die sich auf diesem Gebiet engagieren. Und wir verbreiten Lösungen, die Desinformationen einerseits erfolgreich in ihren jeweiligen Kontexten begegnen und anderseits digitale Tools innovativ nutzen, um Demokratie zu stärken. Wir sind in mehreren Ländern und auf verschiedenen Kontinenten auf der Suche nach Good-Practice-Ansätzen.</p><hr /><p><strong>Literatur:</strong></p><ul><li><a href="\Users\baum078\Documents\RMP\Beiträge\Was%20ist%20Desinformation%20|%20Bundesregierung">Bundesregierung: Begriffsklärung: Was ist Desinformation?</a></li><li><a href="https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/aktionsplan_gegen_desinformation.pdf">Europäische Kommission: Aktionsplan gegen Desinformation 2018</a></li><li><a href="https://www.medienanstalt-nrw.de/themen/desinformation.html">Landesanstalt für Medien NRW: Desinformation – Begriffsklärung</a></li><li><a href="https://www.die-medienanstalten.de/fileadmin/user_upload/die_medienanstalten/Publikationen/Weitere_Veroeffentlichungen/GVK_Gutachten_final_WEB_bf.pdf">Die Medienanstalten: Typen von Desinformation und Misinformation</a></li><li><a href="\Users\baum078\Documents\RMP\Beiträge\200825_E-Paper3_DE.pdf%20(boell.de)">Heinrich Böll Stiftung: Fehlinformationen, Desinformationen, Malinformationen: Ursachen, Entwicklungen und ihr Einfluss auf die Demokratie.</a></li><li>Council of Europe report (2017): <a href="https://edoc.coe.int/en/media/7495-information-disorder-toward-an-interdisciplinary-framework-for-research-and-policy-making.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">INFORMATION DISORDER: Toward an interdisciplinary framework for research and policy making</a></li></ul></div><hr class="uk-margin-remove"><div class="uk-section"><div><div><div uk-grid class="uk-flex uk-flex-middle"><div class="updem-author__image-container"> <img src="https://upgradedemocracy.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2023/04/Updem-Team_Julia-17.svg" uk-svg style="color: var(--main-color);" class="updem-author__image-container"></div><div class="uk-width-1-1 uk-width-expand@m"><p class="uk-text-large"> Julia Tegeler <span uk-toggle="target: #author-118" class="uk-margin-small-left" uk-icon="icon: info;"></span><div id="author-118" class="" uk-modal><div class="uk-modal-dialog uk-modal-body uk-margin-auto-vertical"> <button class="uk-modal-close-default uk-close-large uk-position-small" type="button" uk-close></button><div class="uk-margin-large-top uk-margin-bottom uk-flex uk-flex-column uk-flex-middle"> <img src="https://upgradedemocracy.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2023/04/Updem-Team_Julia-17.svg" class="updem-author__image-container" /><p class="uk-text-large uk-margin-medium-top uk-margin-small-bottom">Julia Tegeler</p><p class="uk-margin-remove-top">Project Manager</p></div><p><em>Julia Tegeler ist Project Manager im Programm „Demokratie und Zusammenhalt“ der Bertelsmann Stiftung und arbeitet im Projekt „Upgrade Democracy“. Hier beschäftigt sie sich mit der Frage, wie demokratische Diskurse im digitalen Raum gestärkt werden können. Mit zivilgesellschaftlichen Partnern arbeitet sie daran, im Rahmen eines Modellprojekts einen praktischen Beitrag zum besseren Umgang mit Desinformationen im Netz zu leisten. Zuvor hat Julia Tegeler seit 2012 für die Bertelsmann Stiftung diverse Projekte zur Werte- und Demokratiebildung sowie zur Stärkung des gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalts umgesetzt – unter anderem „</em><a href="https://www.bertelsmann-stiftung.de/de/unsere-projekte/wertebildung/projektthemen/teamup-wertebildung-im-jugendfussball" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>TeamUp! Werte gemeinsam leben</em></a><em>“, „</em><a href="https://www.bertelsmann-stiftung.de/en/our-projects/gesellschaftlicher-zusammenhalt/project-news/yef19-review" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Young Europeans´ Forum 2019</em></a><em>“ und „</em><a href="https://stendalbessermachen.de/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Stendal besser machen</em></a><em>“. Hier hat sie insbesondere Erfahrung in der Umsetzung, im Transfer und der Skalierung von Modellprojekten gesammelt. Vor der Arbeit bei der Bertelsmann Stiftung war sie als Projektmanagerin für die Qualität von Studium und Lehre an der Universität Bielefeld tätig, als hochschulpolitische Referentin der Landesrektorenkonferenz der Fachhochschulen in Nordrhein-Westfalen sowie als Lehrassistentin in der Abteilung Philosophie der Universität Bielefeld. 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