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Arpita Paul</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.44; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-right: 144.0pt; margin-top: 0.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt; text-align: left;"><span class="jgG6ef C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Assitant Professor, Department of Japanese </span></p><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.44; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-right: 144.0pt; margin-top: 0.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt; text-align: left;"><span class="jgG6ef C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Bhasha Bhavana, Visva- Bharati</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.44; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-right: 145.0pt; margin-top: 0.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt;"><span class="jgG6ef C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Email: </span><span class="jgG6ef C9DxTc " style="color: #0097a7; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">arpita.paul@visva-bharati.ac.in</span><span class="jgG6ef C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section id="h.7421a70c92df9b8c_87" class="yaqOZd"><div class="IFuOkc"></div><div class="mYVXT"><div class="LS81yb VICjCf j5pSsc db35Fc" tabindex="-1"><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd purZT-AhqUyc-II5mzb ZcASvf-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-qWD73c Ktthjf-AhqUyc-qWD73c JNdkSc SQVYQc"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype Kzv0Me"><div id="h.7421a70c92df9b8c_90" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec OjCsFc dmUFtb wHaque g5GTcb"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd mGzaTb Depvyb baZpAe"><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="line-height: 1.44; text-align: center;"><span class="j9e5Sc C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">Women cyclists: riding the “Wheels” of Emancipation</span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-weight: 400;"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="text-align: justify;"><span class="jgG6ef C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">“Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep on moving,”</span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> wrote Albert Einstein, who reportedly discovered the theory of relativity while on a bicycle. I take a moment to share my gratitude with him and the legion of creators who dwelled on the idea of the two wheels, perhaps with no anticipation of how the wheels would revolutionize and radically redefine the normative conventions of femininity. These “Freedom Machines,” as the American feminist Susan B Anthony would refer to the bicycles, </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">“did more to emancipate women than anything else in the world.” </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section id="h.4983bef40c87b55e_57" class="yaqOZd"><div class="IFuOkc"></div><div class="mYVXT"><div class="LS81yb VICjCf j5pSsc db35Fc" tabindex="-1"><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-II5mzb JNdkSc SQVYQc L6cTce-purZT L6cTce-pSzOP"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"></div></div></div><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-II5mzb purZT-AhqUyc-II5mzb ZcASvf-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ktthjf-AhqUyc-II5mzb JNdkSc SQVYQc"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype Kzv0Me"><div id="h.4983bef40c87b55e_54" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ktthjf-AhqUyc-II5mzb jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec OjCsFc dmUFtb wHaque g5GTcb"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd baZpAe"><div class="t3iYD"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/_NB21uFvLCpJ_t5Ct7Ke8AL3IsoDuqlmRj4kuFrp-71ivPPzXx9m2K-ttftTmyvvy5Ax0mxT5SvoFmqnZ3PByENlKr5uRCmnwBDNI9s3MUS6cxrmmZ4GPHWqXuEoXa_YPA=w1280" class="CENy8b" role="img" style="width: 100.0000014272%; margin: 0% 0 0% -0.0000007136%"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-II5mzb JNdkSc SQVYQc L6cTce-purZT L6cTce-pSzOP"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"></div></div></div></div></div></section><section id="h.4983bef40c87b55e_53" class="yaqOZd"><div class="IFuOkc"></div><div class="mYVXT"><div class="LS81yb VICjCf j5pSsc db35Fc" tabindex="-1"><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd purZT-AhqUyc-II5mzb ZcASvf-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-qWD73c Ktthjf-AhqUyc-qWD73c JNdkSc SQVYQc"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype Kzv0Me"><div id="h.4983bef40c87b55e_50" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec OjCsFc dmUFtb wHaque g5GTcb"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd mGzaTb Depvyb baZpAe"><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.44; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-left: 0.0pt; margin-top: 12.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Image Source: Bicycle and Feminism, Google images </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.44; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-left: 0.0pt; margin-top: 0.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Even I felt nothing lesser than emancipated as an 8-year-old, the day I learned to ride my father’s cycle without falling. My left hand was in the perfect grip of one handle and the other holding the central barrel with my right leg crossed beneath, and my feet went on in continuous rotations negotiating with the laws of gravitation. The pleasant summer evening air blew across my face as I was chasing the devils- the friends of my budding days. They were all boys. The girls usually did not use that way of cycling for fear of falling and spoiling their faces. Some mothers even believed cycling might trigger infertility or a manly gait in their girls. Quite similar reasons for which women appeared later in the history of the “wheels” till the safety bicycles and the woman’s bicycle suit were invented, leading to a new social movement.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.44; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-top: 0.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-tab-span " style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Cycling- a social movement? Indeed, it sounds far-fetched. Yet its impact was well narrated through the cyclomania of late nineteenth-century Europe and America when cycling moved from its previous gender-restricted precarious contraption model to a safer unisex one to ‘set the fashion to the world’ – a unique and alien idea for its time. The novel utility of the new model added a new dimension to the social attitudes of women in the form of free mobility through biking to engage as explorers and activists. Pioneering women took the bicycle culture to a revolutionary turn by shedding their restrictive corsets and voluminous skirts to “freedom dresses” of bloomers and trousers, embodying the ‘New Woman’ of the New Age who is conscious of her choices and rights. The power of the wheels was articulated powerfully in the proclamation of suffragist leader Elizabeth Cady Stanton in 1895, at the age of 80, </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">“bicycle will inspire women with more courage, self-respect and self-reliance.”</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.44; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-top: 0.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-tab-span " style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Her words seem to resonate with this century across the globe. In developing countries like India, especially in rural areas, where gender distribution is skewed and a woman is still pursuing to claim her </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">place as an independent individual, bicycles have catalyzed her pursuit by being a faster mode. From avoiding queues of public transport and over-dependence on another person to be carried, women working in agriculture, rural health nursing, the quarry laborers, </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">gram sevikas, </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">mid-day meal workers and especially the school-going girls have chosen to carry themselves. Activists in India took on cycles and cycling for the cause of reducing gender gap in education, improving school enrolment</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.44; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-top: 0.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> place</span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section id="h.4983bef40c87b55e_68" class="yaqOZd"><div class="IFuOkc"></div><div class="mYVXT"><div class="LS81yb VICjCf j5pSsc db35Fc" tabindex="-1"><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-II5mzb JNdkSc SQVYQc L6cTce-purZT L6cTce-pSzOP"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"></div></div></div><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-II5mzb purZT-AhqUyc-II5mzb ZcASvf-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ktthjf-AhqUyc-II5mzb JNdkSc SQVYQc"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype Kzv0Me"><div id="h.4983bef40c87b55e_64" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ktthjf-AhqUyc-II5mzb jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec OjCsFc dmUFtb wHaque g5GTcb"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd baZpAe"><div class="t3iYD"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/zhNggvRGOszelxfVp2O8MzEhsrZJ2EZXlPxHpLhQAx8gmtyRclmDt8gMRqDKVQyXn6yUV-MTjwZiP3WqWjvd_P1PtcUahhL5cpWimfcaUSs1CPwWEVWy5u_01W35sbmJEQ=w1280" class="CENy8b" role="img"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-II5mzb JNdkSc SQVYQc L6cTce-purZT L6cTce-pSzOP"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"></div></div></div></div></div></section><section id="h.4983bef40c87b55e_76" class="yaqOZd"><div class="IFuOkc"></div><div class="mYVXT"><div class="LS81yb VICjCf j5pSsc db35Fc" tabindex="-1"><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd purZT-AhqUyc-II5mzb ZcASvf-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-qWD73c Ktthjf-AhqUyc-qWD73c JNdkSc SQVYQc"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype Kzv0Me"><div id="h.4983bef40c87b55e_73" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec OjCsFc dmUFtb wHaque g5GTcb"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd mGzaTb Depvyb baZpAe"><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.44; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-top: 12.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt; text-align: center;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Source: Hulton Archive/Getty Images | via Sarah Goodyear / Grist.org</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.44; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-top: 12.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">of girls and empowering them. NGOs such as</span><a class="XqQF9c" href="https://www.brookings.edu/blog/education-plus-development/2017/07/27/cycling-to-success-a-road-to-empowerment-for-rural-girls-in-india/" target="_blank" style="color: inherit; text-decoration: none;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #0563c1; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Ashita no Kai</span></a><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> s, and campaigns such as Greenpeace India’s ‘</span><a class="XqQF9c" href="https://www.greenpeace.org/india/en/power-the-pedal/" target="_blank" style="color: inherit; text-decoration: none;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #0563c1; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Power the Pedal</span></a><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">’, </span><a class="XqQF9c" href="https://thewire.in/gender/cycling-women-rural-tamil-nadu" target="_blank" style="color: inherit; text-decoration: none;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #0563c1; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">cycling training camps</span></a><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span><a class="XqQF9c" href="https://thewire.in/women/cycling-for-gender-equal-streets-in-indian-cities" target="_blank" style="color: inherit; text-decoration: none;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #0563c1; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">cycle distribution schemes</span></a><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span><a class="XqQF9c" href="https://www.thehindu.com/society/the-women-cycling-for-one-billion-rising/article34355482.ece" target="_blank" style="color: inherit; text-decoration: none;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #0563c1; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Trans Himalayan Cycling Tours</span></a><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">, have been knitting together a cycle of revolution in women’s life by riding through the barriers of ‘what will people say’!</span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section id="h.4983bef40c87b55e_87" class="yaqOZd"><div class="IFuOkc"></div><div class="mYVXT"><div class="LS81yb VICjCf j5pSsc db35Fc" tabindex="-1"><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-ibL1re Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-ibL1re JNdkSc SQVYQc L6cTce-purZT L6cTce-pSzOP"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"></div></div></div><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-II5mzb purZT-AhqUyc-II5mzb ZcASvf-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ktthjf-AhqUyc-II5mzb JNdkSc SQVYQc"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype Kzv0Me"><div id="h.4983bef40c87b55e_84" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ktthjf-AhqUyc-II5mzb jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec OjCsFc dmUFtb wHaque g5GTcb"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd baZpAe"><div class="t3iYD"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/fp3zOMe7GuGBz2tXv7r9e53AKCany_IIozE7cmXaeAkEyONcTkQTwcdYZOox7OD9vaD-_se3TZ14OEvnwpkYcSANWunw3wAoQGCHUz1XHOS-qRkX9C5p940JVD5YCAoBIg=w1280" class="CENy8b" role="img"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-II5mzb purZT-AhqUyc-II5mzb ZcASvf-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ktthjf-AhqUyc-II5mzb JNdkSc SQVYQc"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype Kzv0Me"><div id="h.4983bef40c87b55e_91" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ktthjf-AhqUyc-II5mzb jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec OjCsFc dmUFtb wHaque g5GTcb"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd baZpAe"><div class="t3iYD"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/UmEpcul2G0JCUND0nJwJz_UK8pnD45hjCA2gp8xg5s7HqKEksEUHnOORsOzZqI1lv3BnKLvVHuVRWbPKXOolHIjSMCRZXiqwH_vfsRATLYzefcwM8ut2e3Iw11Lhzry_Bw=w1280" class="CENy8b" role="img"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-ibL1re Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-ibL1re JNdkSc SQVYQc L6cTce-purZT L6cTce-pSzOP"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"></div></div></div></div></div></section><section id="h.4983bef40c87b55e_63" class="yaqOZd"><div class="IFuOkc"></div><div class="mYVXT"><div class="LS81yb VICjCf j5pSsc db35Fc" tabindex="-1"><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd purZT-AhqUyc-II5mzb ZcASvf-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-qWD73c Ktthjf-AhqUyc-qWD73c JNdkSc SQVYQc"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype Kzv0Me"><div id="h.4983bef40c87b55e_60" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec OjCsFc dmUFtb wHaque g5GTcb"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd mGzaTb Depvyb baZpAe"><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-top: 0.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">In the timeless celebration of this engine of self-reliance, rural women in India have witnessed their independent mobility boosting their income. Such is the story of the </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Santhal </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">women of Santiniketan. The best part of Santiniketan is cycling and piercing through the crisp air of the Spring. The vibrant orange and red avenue of </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Palash </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">and </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Shimul</span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> will take you to the roads of </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Ghoshaldanga –</span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> home to the </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Santhals</span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> and other tribal communities. A sizeable number of the community’s women has taken to cycling to reach markets for selling their agricultural production and handicrafts. It is a fascinating evolution of the ‘new’ </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">santhal</span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> woman. Amidst the vibrant shade of the trees marking the advent of </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Basanta</span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> mood, the contrast of vividly patterned sarees of the tribal girls and women headed to their destination riding on their wheels is indeed a novel sight! However, what catches one’s attention is how these girls and women of almost all age-e-groups are perfectly in control of the drape of five, six and even nine yards of the alluring patterned sarees while cycling. One hand holds one handle of their bicycles, while the other hand firmly grips an umbrella over the head to protect against the sun. I stand in awe as they paddle merrily with no fear of</span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">falling over. In contrast to the bloomers and pantaloons-wearing women on wheels of the west, these women are unwilling to disown the past. They are the women of modern India in their ancient garb. I rejoice in their untrammelled spirit when they are on their own ‘wheels’ of independence. </span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section id="h.7421a70c92df9b8c_91" class="yaqOZd"><div class="IFuOkc"></div><div class="mYVXT"><div class="LS81yb VICjCf j5pSsc db35Fc" tabindex="-1"><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-II5mzb JNdkSc SQVYQc L6cTce-purZT L6cTce-pSzOP"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"></div></div></div><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-II5mzb purZT-AhqUyc-II5mzb ZcASvf-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ktthjf-AhqUyc-II5mzb JNdkSc SQVYQc"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype Kzv0Me"><div id="h.4983bef40c87b55e_95" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ktthjf-AhqUyc-II5mzb jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec OjCsFc dmUFtb wHaque g5GTcb"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd baZpAe"><div class="t3iYD"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/ZXv70vxkdUgH4r-IqXo39M65UWf7e5-mil2ky5UadTSOjHsgms-T0SIIZG6uumKNX-TUzKqX_nJrYVPqgD9DVvevcK7b5JfIu6aEmp5ugIrjXXeYKdnAB_dKYAcCdldqXQ=w1280" class="CENy8b" role="img" style="width: 100.1475226625%; margin: -0% 0 -0% -0.0737613313%"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-II5mzb JNdkSc SQVYQc L6cTce-purZT L6cTce-pSzOP"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"></div></div></div></div></div></section><section id="h.4983bef40c87b55e_103" class="yaqOZd"><div class="IFuOkc"></div><div class="mYVXT"><div class="LS81yb VICjCf j5pSsc db35Fc" tabindex="-1"><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd purZT-AhqUyc-II5mzb ZcASvf-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-qWD73c Ktthjf-AhqUyc-qWD73c JNdkSc SQVYQc"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype Kzv0Me"><div id="h.4983bef40c87b55e_100" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec OjCsFc dmUFtb wHaque g5GTcb"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd mGzaTb Depvyb baZpAe"><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.44; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-top: 12.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt; text-align: center;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Source: Original picture of Santhal Women. Taken in Santiniketan</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.44; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-left: 0.0pt; margin-top: 0.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">The ‘wheels’ have been underestimated as a cultural agent of change. The riveting stories and travel accounts –</span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Karl Kron’s </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Ten Thousand Miles on a Bicycle </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">(1887), Thomas Stevens’s </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Around the World on a Bicycle</span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> (1887)</span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Joseph Pennell and Elizabeth Robins Pennell’s </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Two Pilgrim’ Progress</span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> (1887)</span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">H G Well’s </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Wheels of Chance: A Holiday Adventure (1896), </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Mark Twain’s</span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> Taming the Bicycle</span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> (1917), have painted an adventurous and joyous image of the bicycle in public’s imagination. However, literature of the wheels narrated from a feminine perspective is rare, in fact, negligible. As quoted in </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Munsey’s Magazine</span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> in 1896,</span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> “To men, the bicycle, in the beginning, was merely a new toy, another machine added to the long list of devices they knew in their work and play. To women, it was a steed upon which they rode into a new world.”</span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> However, the desire to pursue their dream to ride had to stand against the test of the time, as a highly conspicuous woman on wheels was considered, if not a prostitute, a woman of low morals as “it (cycle) affords an easy means of escape from the paternal eye, and that girls seize such opportunities for impure purposes.” Cycling for the women meant jeopardizing her reputation by being an unaided target of sexist animosity, a gauntlet of jeers and insults. Unfortunately, many rural places in India are still a battleground where the challenge for the women is not learning the techniques to ride a cycle, but rather reconciling the in-congruence of what people see when a woman is on a cycle and what they believe about respectable women. In such places</span><a class="XqQF9c" href="https://thewire.in/gender/cycling-women-rural-tamil-nadu" target="_blank" style="color: inherit; text-decoration: none;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #0563c1; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Cycling as a Women’s Movement</span></a><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> is an ongoing effort to create a feminine identity that is perfectly respectable.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.44; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-top: 0.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-tab-span " style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">It will be a pity if history and the present remembers women only for movements like suffrage and socialism, or for their contribution to war, and not on the merit of their quieter revolution on “wheels.”</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.44; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-left: 0.0pt; margin-top: 0.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-tab-span " style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span></p><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.44; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-top: 0.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.44; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-top: 0.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">Further Reading:</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.44; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-left: 0.0pt; margin-top: 0.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></p><ol class="n8H08c BKnRcf " style="list-style-type: decimal; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; padding: 0;"><li dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q TYR86d lsiHE " style="margin-left: 15.0pt;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-left: 0.0pt; margin-top: 0.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt; text-indent: 0.0pt;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Simpson, Clare S. 1998. </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">A Social History of Women and Cycling In Late-Nineteenth Century New Zealand, </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Lincoln University</span></p></li></ol><br><ol start="2" class="n8H08c BKnRcf " style="list-style-type: decimal; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; padding: 0;"><li dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q TYR86d lsiHE " style="margin-left: 15.0pt;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-left: 0.0pt; margin-top: 0.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt; text-indent: 0.0pt;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Marks, Patricia. 1990. </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Bicycles, Bangs and Bloomers: The New Woman in the Popular Press, </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">University Press of Kentucky.</span></p></li></ol><br><ol start="3" class="n8H08c BKnRcf " style="list-style-type: decimal; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; padding: 0;"><li dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q TYR86d lsiHE " style="margin-left: 15.0pt;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-left: 0.0pt; margin-top: 0.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt; text-indent: 0.0pt;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Macy, Sue. 2011. </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">Wheels of Change: How Women Rode the Bicycle to Freedom, </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;">National Geographic Kids.</span></p></li></ol></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section id="h.4983bef40c87b55e_99" class="yaqOZd"><div class="IFuOkc"></div><div class="mYVXT"><div class="LS81yb VICjCf j5pSsc db35Fc" tabindex="-1"><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-II5mzb JNdkSc SQVYQc L6cTce-purZT L6cTce-pSzOP"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"></div></div></div><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-II5mzb purZT-AhqUyc-II5mzb ZcASvf-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ktthjf-AhqUyc-II5mzb JNdkSc SQVYQc"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype Kzv0Me"><div id="h.7421a70c92df9b8c_94" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-II5mzb jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec OjCsFc dmUFtb wHaque g5GTcb"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd N0neUc baZpAe"><div class="axx72"><div role="presentation" class="U26fgb L7IXhc htnAL QmpIrf M9Bg4d" jscontroller="VXdfxd" jsaction="click:cOuCgd; 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