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<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head><title data-rh="true">An open letter about the status of Hagia Sophia | by Friends of Hagia Sophia | Medium</title><meta data-rh="true" charset="utf-8"/><meta data-rh="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width,minimum-scale=1,initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"/><meta data-rh="true" name="theme-color" content="#000000"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:app:name:iphone" content="Medium"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:app:id:iphone" content="828256236"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:ios:app_name" content="Medium"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:ios:app_store_id" content="828256236"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:android:package" content="com.medium.reader"/><meta data-rh="true" property="fb:app_id" content="542599432471018"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:site_name" content="Medium"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:type" content="article"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:published_time" content="2020-07-24T16:41:51.472Z"/><meta data-rh="true" name="title" content="An open letter about the status of Hagia Sophia | by Friends of Hagia Sophia | Medium"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="An open letter about the status of Hagia Sophia"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:android:url" content="medium://p/bea9afd1a62f"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:ios:url" content="medium://p/bea9afd1a62f"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:android:app_name" content="Medium"/><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="On July 2, the Turkish Council of State will announce a decision regarding the status of Hagia Sophia in Istanbul. 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class="fu fv fw fx fy l"><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"></div></div><article><div class="l"><div class="l"><span class="l"></span><section><div><div class="fs gi gj gk gl gm"></div><div class="gn go gp gq gr"><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><div><h1 id="4436" class="pw-post-title gs gt gu bf gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu bk" data-testid="storyTitle">An open letter about the status of Hagia Sophia</h1><div><div class="speechify-ignore ab cp"><div class="speechify-ignore bh l"><div class="hv hw hx hy hz ab"><div><div class="ab ia"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><a rel="noopener follow" href="/@hagiasophia?source=post_page---byline--bea9afd1a62f---------------------------------------"><div class="l ib ic by id ie"><div class="l fj"><img alt="Friends of Hagia Sophia" class="l fd by dd de cx" src="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:88:88/1*qE0D5eWHtdu9Igv0rdheDw.jpeg" width="44" height="44" 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https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*qE0D5eWHtdu9Igv0rdheDw.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*qE0D5eWHtdu9Igv0rdheDw.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*qE0D5eWHtdu9Igv0rdheDw.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/1*qE0D5eWHtdu9Igv0rdheDw.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px"/><img alt="" class="bh lj mq c" width="700" height="498" loading="eager" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div></figure><p id="1f4b" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk"><em class="np">Read this letter in </em><a class="af io" rel="noopener" href="/@hagiasophia/une-lettre-ouverte-à-propos-du-statut-de-sainte-sophie-d2d6b0d73cb4"><em class="np">French</em></a><em class="np">, </em><a class="af io" rel="noopener" href="/@hagiasophia/ανοιχτή-επιστολή-σχετικά-με-το-καθεστώς-της-αγίας-σοφίας-11ac6b17fbcc"><em class="np">Greek</em></a><em class="np">, and </em><a class="af io" rel="noopener" href="/@hagiasophia/ayasofyanın-statüsüne-ilişkin-açık-mektup-32a7ea1978f7"><em class="np">Turkish</em></a>.</p><p id="a326" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk"><em class="np">For a Russian translation, click </em><a class="af io" href="https://artguide.com/posts/2042" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank"><em class="np">here</em></a>.</p><p id="3010" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Dear colleagues,</p><p id="716f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">On July 2, the Turkish Council of State will announce a decision regarding the status of Hagia Sophia in Istanbul. Multiple learned societies have expressed concern regarding this news. As scholars of Byzantine and Ottoman art and culture, we write now, not to protest an action that has not yet been taken, but to clarify the concern that we share, on the basis of the information currently available to us.</p><p id="40ca" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">In our opinion, the central question is not, “Should Hagia Sophia be a museum or a mosque?” The central question is rather, “How can we best care for Hagia Sophia?” In other words, we draw a distinction between <em class="np">function</em> and <em class="np">stewardship</em>. We are concerned that the ongoing dispute over function hinders the development of a management strategy commensurate to the scale of the challenges: preservation of the historical fabric and continued visibility of the works of art of all periods, Byzantine and Ottoman; responsible management of mass tourism; and protection against the threat of earthquake.</p><p id="03c7" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">From 1453 until 1934, Hagia Sophia served as a congregational mosque, and was administered by a pious endowment (<em class="np">vakıf</em>). After the declaration of the Turkish Republic (1923), jurisdiction over all such entities was assumed by a new government ministry, the Directorate General of Foundations. Hagia Sophia continued in use as a mosque throughout the 1920s, but in 1931 restorers began to reveal the mosaics of the interior. The spectacular success of their work convinced the Turkish Council of Ministers (1934) to transfer jurisdiction over the building from the Directorate General of Foundations to the Ministry of Education.</p><p id="153a" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">This change in <em class="np">jurisdiction</em> coincided with a change in <em class="np">function</em>, through which the building was closed to worship. Both jurisdiction and function, however, have continued to evolve. Hagia Sophia is today administered by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, as the administrative successor to the Ministry of Education. At the same time, the function of the building has expanded to include increasingly visible expressions of Muslim piety. Since 1991, there has been a room dedicated to Muslim prayer within the complex. Since 2016, Hagia Sophia has been served by a full-time imam, the call to prayer has sounded from the minarets, and Qur’anic readings and prayers have taken place within during the annual observation of Laylat al-Qadr.</p><p id="f530" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Thus, in a certain sense, Hagia Sophia is currently functioning as both a museum and a mosque. As far as we are aware, the expansion of this latter function has not resulted in damage to the building or obstruction of its works of art. The Ministry of Culture and Tourism remains a responsible steward.</p><p id="22cf" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">At the same time, prominent voices in Turkey have long argued that the transfer of jurisdiction to the Ministry was unlawful. They claim that the Turkish state did not have the right to “secularize” Hagia Sophia in 1934, since pious endowments are perpetual and inviolable. According to this argument, the rightful custodian of the building is the Directorate General of Foundations.</p><p id="0285" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">In recent years, the Directorate General has assumed control of other Byzantine monuments and reopened them to Muslim worship. One prominent example is another Hagia Sophia, this one in Trabzon on the Black Sea, whose proper administration has been contested since 2013. An effort to re-open the building to Muslim prayer included construction of an elaborate set of screens to obscure the Byzantine frescoes. Less publicized, but of more lasting harm, was the campaign of restoration carried out by the Directorate General on Hagia Sophia in Vize (Thrace) in 2006, which resulted in substantial damage to the historical fabric of the building.</p><p id="9467" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Our concern is that the current conflict, until now only a “war of words,” could result in similarly careless treatment of Hagia Sophia in Istanbul: that historical and archaeological evidence could be damaged, and works of art concealed.</p><p id="f7fd" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Hagia Sophia is too beautiful a monument and too precious a historical document to serve as a pawn in regional politics. Successive Byzantine, Ottoman, and Turkish governments have protected it against the ravages of time and thus maintained its significance not only for themselves, but also for those to come in the future — including all of us. It is a matter of vital concern to us as scholars of Byzantine and Ottoman art and culture that the current Turkish government continue this tradition of responsible stewardship.</p><p id="20da" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Respectfully,</p><p id="7ce6" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Iman R. Abdulfattah, CUNY/NYU</p><p id="9c68" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Evangelia Achladi, University of Bosphorus</p><p id="64aa" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Eirini Afentoulidou, Austrian Academy of Sciences</p><p id="14d3" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Elizabeth Agaiby, University of Divinity, Melbourne</p><p id="d4f6" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Panagiotis A. Agapitos, Max-Planck Institute, Frankfurt</p><p id="d3c9" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Suzanne Conklin Akbari, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ</p><p id="06c9" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Ladan Akbarnia, The San Diego Museum of Art</p><p id="6b78" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Aslıhan Akışık, Wolfson College, University of Oxford</p><p id="dbea" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Engin Akyürek, Koç Üniversitesi</p><p id="1788" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Nabil Al-Tikriti, University of Mary Washington</p><p id="28f1" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Joseph Alchermes, Connecticut College</p><p id="8b27" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Juan Antonio Álvarez-Pedrosa, Universidad Complutense Madrid</p><p id="2115" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Josep Amengual i Batle, Biblioteca Balear, Mallorca</p><p id="bfdc" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Yasmine Amory, Ghent University</p><p id="1f1e" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Benjamin Anderson, Cornell University</p><p id="474e" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Dimiter Angelov, Harvard University</p><p id="3ae6" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Spyridon Antonopoulos, City University London</p><p id="8b66" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Fırat Arapoğlu, Altinbas University/AICA, Turkey</p><p id="48f9" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Achim Arbeiter, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen</p><p id="b4dd" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Nisa Ari, University of Houston</p><p id="e91b" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Tülay Artan, Sabancı University</p><p id="13ab" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Annika Asp, University of Birmingham</p><p id="604c" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Kameliya Atanasova, Washington and Lee University</p><p id="c981" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Marie-France Auzépy, Université Paris 8</p><p id="db8a" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Levon Avdoyan, The Library of Congress</p><p id="a68f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Michele Bacci, Universität Freiburg</p><p id="4336" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Heather A. Badamo, University of California, Santa Barbara</p><p id="79cd" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Jennifer Ball, City University of New York</p><p id="c65c" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Thomas M. Banchich, Canisius College, Buffalo</p><p id="01de" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Charles Barber, Princeton University</p><p id="42a2" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Karen Barkey, University of California, Berkeley</p><p id="07a4" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Darius Baronas, Lithuanian Institute of History, Vilnius</p><p id="9759" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Omniya Abdel Barr, Victoria and Albert Museum</p><p id="e575" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Sarah Bassett, Indiana University</p><p id="7070" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Mustafa Batman, Bogazici University</p><p id="a07c" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Jake Benson, University of Manchester</p><p id="3a6d" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Franco Benucci, Università di Padova</p><p id="fb37" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Halil Berktay, Ibn Haldun University (Istanbul, Turkey)</p><p id="89b5" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Floris Bernard, Ghent University</p><p id="6880" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Ioanna Bitha, Research Centre for Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Art, Academy of Athens</p><p id="f1d3" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Marie-Hélène Blanchet, CNRS (Paris)</p><p id="f8bc" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Louise Blanke, University of Edinburgh</p><p id="cae1" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Patricia Blessing, Princeton University</p><p id="f2b7" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Elizabeth S. Bolman, Case Western Reserve University</p><p id="23fa" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Marina Bordne, Heidelberg University</p><p id="ca76" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Antje Bosselmann-Ruickbie, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Gießen</p><p id="026a" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Anne Boud’hors, Centre national de la recherche scientifique</p><p id="d0c5" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Emmanuel C. Bourbouhakis, Princeton University</p><p id="8169" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Ra’anan Boustan, Princeton University</p><p id="6a29" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Grigor Boykov, Austrian Academy of Sciences</p><p id="27e9" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Wolfram Brandes, Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen</p><p id="ad88" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Sarah T. Brooks, James Madison University</p><p id="9e0c" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Nedim Buyukyuksel, École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Paris</p><p id="8d77" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Suna Çağaptay, University of Cambridge and Bahçeşehir University</p><p id="04a0" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Claude Calame, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris</p><p id="2c27" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Averil Cameron, University of Oxford</p><p id="49d1" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Merih Danali Cantarella, Wake Forest University</p><p id="734d" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Mike Carr, University of Edinburgh</p><p id="b3c6" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Giancarlo Casale, European University Institute</p><p id="2954" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Sinem Casale, University of Minnesota</p><p id="97ed" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Marica Cassis, University of Calgary</p><p id="da8e" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Manuel Antonio Castiñeiras González, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona</p><p id="9ff8" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Annemarie Weyl Carr, Southern Methodist University</p><p id="6192" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Jean-Michel Carrié, EHESS Paris</p><p id="9d07" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Anne-Laurence Caudano, University of Winnipeg</p><p id="9d3a" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Reinhart Ceulemans, KU Leuven</p><p id="c2c0" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Antonia Gatward Cevizli, Sotheby’s Institute of Art, London</p><p id="8c7d" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Angelos Chaniotis, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton</p><p id="8273" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Sotirios Charalampous, Ministry of Culture and Sports, Greece</p><p id="0b39" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Michail Chatzidakis, Humboldt University, Berlin</p><p id="946f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Nina Chichinadze, Ilia State University, Tbilisi</p><p id="2b8a" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Mehreen Chida-Razvi, SOAS, University of London</p><p id="9f00" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Christina Christoforatou, Baruch College, City University of New York</p><p id="7a23" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Juan Signes Codoñer, University of Valladolid</p><p id="e194" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Barbara Crostini, Uppsala University</p><p id="65d8" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">James Crow, University of Edinburgh</p><p id="b605" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Ferenc Csirkés, Sabancı University</p><p id="9631" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Jon C. Cubas Díaz, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen</p><p id="b2a3" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Anthony Cutler, Pennsylvania State University</p><p id="5d72" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Vladimir Cvetkovic, University of Belgrade</p><p id="b100" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Radha Dalal, Virginia Commonwealth University Qatar</p><p id="60da" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Beatrice Daskas, Ca’ Foscari University, Venice</p><p id="12e0" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Yorgos Dedes, SOAS, University of London</p><p id="2aca" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Manuela De Giorgi, Università del Salento</p><p id="d308" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Aitor Fernández Delgado, Universidad de Alcalá</p><p id="b233" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Ceren Demirton, Philipps University, Marburg</p><p id="89eb" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Kristoffel Demoen, Ghent University, Belgium</p><p id="b578" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Nathan S. Dennis, University of San Francisco</p><p id="482b" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Michael Dermitzakis, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens</p><p id="bbb3" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Fahri Dikkaya, independent scholar, Ankara</p><p id="8df7" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Stefanos Dimitriadis, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster</p><p id="aada" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Heidemarie Doganalp-Votzi, University of Vienna</p><p id="ffd8" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Eugenia Drakopoulou, National Hellenic Research Foundation</p><p id="0eb2" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Anastasia Drandaki, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens</p><p id="086c" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Ivan Drpić, University of Pennsylvania</p><p id="606c" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">John M. Duffy, Harvard University</p><p id="6ba3" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Antony Eastmond, Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London</p><p id="6b0d" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">A. Asa Eger, University of North Carolina at Greensboro</p><p id="ec30" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Susanna Elm, University of California, Berkeley</p><p id="b7cd" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Ayse Ercan, Columbia University</p><p id="8bdc" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Cecilia D’Ercole, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris</p><p id="0181" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">E. Osman Erden, Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University</p><p id="7cb4" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Uffe Holmsgaard Eriksen, University of Southern Denmark</p><p id="9d61" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Olga Etinhof, Russian State University for the Humanities</p><p id="2171" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Rebecca Stephens Falcasantos, Amherst College</p><p id="e6c7" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Vera von Falkenhausen, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”</p><p id="974b" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Mary Farag, Princeton Theological Seminary</p><p id="9d3d" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Antonio Enrico Felle, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”</p><p id="dc45" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Carla Varela Fernandes, Universidade Nova de Lisboa</p><p id="ffba" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Elizabeth Fisher, George Washington University</p><p id="8011" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Ivan Foletti, Masaryk University</p><p id="200e" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Christian Förstel, Bibliothèque nationale de France</p><p id="88bf" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Vicky Foskolou, University of Crete</p><p id="c2a2" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Georgia Frank, Colgate University</p><p id="c71a" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Peter Frankopan, University of Oxford</p><p id="0318" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Stig Frøyshov, University of Oslo</p><p id="acff" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Miguel Gallés, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona</p><p id="585d" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Fani Gargova, University of Vienna</p><p id="4f60" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Niels Gaul, University of Edinburgh</p><p id="409c" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Anđela Gavrilović, University of Belgrade</p><p id="ec9f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Maria Gerolymatou, National Hellenic Research Foundation</p><p id="786a" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Sharon Gerstel, University of California, Los Angeles</p><p id="5eea" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Elina Gertsman, Case Western Reserve University</p><p id="8c04" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Ludovico V. Geymonat, Louisiana State University</p><p id="009f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Nicolae Gheorghita, National University of Music, Bucharest</p><p id="8f82" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Federica Gigante, University of Oxford</p><p id="2913" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Adam Goldwyn, North Dakota State University</p><p id="6eaf" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Rachel Goshgarian, Lafayette College</p><p id="3b54" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Rossitsa Gradeva, American University in Bulgaria</p><p id="8e7f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Susan L. Graham, Saint Peter’s University</p><p id="1297" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Olga Gratziou, University of Crete</p><p id="5e2e" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Geoffrey Greatrex, University of Ottawa</p><p id="cf36" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Jean-Pierre Grélois, chercheur indépendant</p><p id="c97d" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Marc De Groote, Ghent University</p><p id="f0c1" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Heather Grossman, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign</p><p id="a5f1" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Christiane Gruber, University of Michigan</p><p id="bcb6" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Encarnación Motos Guirao, Universidad de Granada</p><p id="6921" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Aslıhan Gürbüzel, McGill University</p><p id="79ee" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Maria Hadjipavlou, University of Cyprus</p><p id="fbea" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">John F. Haldon, Princeton University</p><p id="b795" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Nikifor Haralampiev, National Academy of Art, Sofia</p><p id="9ac7" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Stefan Harkov, University of Shumen</p><p id="4eb2" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Rabia Harmansah, University of Cologne</p><p id="8302" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Brown University</p><p id="45b8" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Edin Hajdarpašić, Loyola University Chicago</p><p id="92e4" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Ayşe Henry, Bilkent University</p><p id="88bd" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Judith Herrin, King’s College London</p><p id="aefd" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Colin Heywood, University of Hull</p><p id="c632" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Ernest Marcos Hierro, Universitat de Barcelona</p><p id="38b1" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Cecily Hilsdale, McGill University</p><p id="5763" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Martin Hinterberger, University of Cyprus</p><p id="b201" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Frederic Hitzel, CNRS-EHESS, Paris</p><p id="9597" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Paavo Hohti, University of Helsinki</p><p id="3511" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Renata Holod, University of Pennsylvania</p><p id="434c" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Brad Hostetler, Kenyon College</p><p id="858f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Etienne Hubert, Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales, Paris</p><p id="d098" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Anna Maria Ieraci Bio, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II</p><p id="be7f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Zeynep Inankur, Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University</p><p id="d744" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Sergey Ivanov, Russian National Research University — Higher School of Economics</p><p id="13de" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Mireille Jacotin, Mucem, France</p><p id="0d49" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Hugh Jeffery, University of Edinburgh</p><p id="e757" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Elizabeth M. Jeffreys, University of Oxford</p><p id="4690" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Kaelin Jewell, The Barnes Foundation</p><p id="e737" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Mark J. Johnson, Brigham Young University</p><p id="d813" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Catherine Jolivet-Lévy, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris</p><p id="6eb7" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Jacqueline Jung, Yale University</p><p id="b89a" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Nikolas P. Kakkoufa, Columbia University</p><p id="7f5f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Veronica Kalas, independent scholar, USA</p><p id="2f69" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Ioli Kalavrezou, Harvard University</p><p id="b1cb" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Gül Kale, Carleton University, Canada</p><p id="ccc3" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Kevin Kalish, Bridgewater State University</p><p id="93e8" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Sophia Kalopissi-Verti, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens</p><p id="fd15" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Dimitri J. Kastritsis, University of St Andrews</p><p id="b625" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Deniz Karakas, Tulane University</p><p id="828d" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Ceyda Karamursel, SOAS, University of London</p><p id="63b8" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Romanos Karanos, Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology</p><p id="6486" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Anna Kartsonis, University of Washington</p><p id="0a97" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Armen Kazaryan, Research Institute of the Theory and History of Architecture and Urban Planning, Moscow</p><p id="6549" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Hans-Lukas Kieser, University of Zurich</p><p id="1772" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Bente Kiilerich, University of Bergen</p><p id="b496" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Young Richard Kim, University of Illinois, Chicago</p><p id="a449" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Dale Kinney, Bryn Mawr College</p><p id="1033" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Holger A. Klein, Columbia University</p><p id="e583" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Tia Kolbaba, Rutgers University</p><p id="2797" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Athina Kolia-Dermitzaki, National and Kapodastrian University of Athens</p><p id="8b84" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Elias Kolovos, University of Crete</p><p id="4439" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Fotini Kondyli, University of Virginia</p><p id="1288" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Kader Konuk, Universität Duisburg-Essen</p><p id="ffad" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Elif Koparal, Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi</p><p id="f362" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Yavuz Köse, University of Vienna</p><p id="441c" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Kriszta Kotsis, University of Puget Sound</p><p id="90f4" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Dickran Kouymjian, California State University, Fresno</p><p id="9e8e" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Dimitrios Krallis, Simon Fraser University</p><p id="fa9e" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Klaus Kreiser, Otto-Friedrich-Universität, Bamberg</p><p id="9426" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Carol H. Krinsky, New York University</p><p id="b8b6" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Derek Krueger, University of North Carolina at Greensboro</p><p id="2d35" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">B. Harun Küçük, University of Pennsylvania</p><p id="b8aa" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Zeynep Oguz Kursar, University of Zagreb</p><p id="ad96" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Demetrios Kyritses, University of Crete</p><p id="d1fd" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Andrea Olsen Lam, Pepperdine University</p><p id="6429" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Anaïs Lamesa, DIM Matériaux anciens et patrimoniaux/CNRS</p><p id="afa1" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Maximilian Lau, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo</p><p id="8b8b" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Marc Lauxtermann, University of Oxford</p><p id="837f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Mariana Lazar, National Museum Controceni, Romania</p><p id="d13b" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Stavros Lazaris, CNRS</p><p id="fd7d" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Sean Leatherbury, University College Dublin</p><p id="617c" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Jacqueline Leclercq-Marx, Université Libre de Bruxelles</p><p id="16a0" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Florin Leonte, Palacký University of Olomouc</p><p id="a9be" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Juan Lewis, University of Edinburgh</p><p id="e569" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Alexei Lidov, Lomonosov Moscow State University and Russian Academy of Arts</p><p id="5479" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Alexander Lifshits, National Research University “Higher School of Economics,” Moscow</p><p id="f6cc" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Alexander Lingas, City University of London</p><p id="d7e2" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Santo Lucà, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”</p><p id="cb10" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Angeliki Lymberopoulou, The Open University, UK</p><p id="ca2e" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Michael Maas, Rice University</p><p id="ee08" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Byron MacDougall, Brown University</p><p id="b8ab" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Christopher MacEvitt, Dartmouth College</p><p id="a809" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Carlos Machado, University of St Andrews</p><p id="f38d" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Jacek Maj, Collegium Artium</p><p id="ae95" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">George P. Majeska, University of Maryland</p><p id="9a64" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">George Manginis, Benaki Museum</p><p id="c2eb" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Maria Rosaria Marchionibus, Università degli Studi di Napoli L’Orientale</p><p id="60f1" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Przemysław Marciniak, University of Silesia in Katowice</p><p id="d7ed" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Moysés Marcos, California State University, Northridge</p><p id="aa81" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Sergei Mariev, LMU Munich and JGU Mainz</p><p id="1c3a" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Vasileios Marinis, Yale University</p><p id="be73" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Dragoljub Marjanović, University of Belgrade</p><p id="3c82" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Athanasios Markopoulos, University of Athens</p><p id="d698" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Miodrag Marković, University of Belgrade</p><p id="12b2" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Elizabeth Marlowe, Colgate University</p><p id="bdf8" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Inmaculada Pérez Martín, Consejo superior de investigaciones científicas</p><p id="800a" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Maria Mavroudi, University of California, Berkeley</p><p id="2d84" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Renaat Meesters, Ghent University / KU Leuven</p><p id="8cc8" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Julie Meisami, University of Oxford</p><p id="6a76" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Andrew Mellas, St Andrew’s Theological College, Sydney</p><p id="8888" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Ethan Menchinger, University of Manchester</p><p id="1f2f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Mati Meyer, Open University of Israel</p><p id="80ef" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Leslee Michelsen, Doris Duke Foundation for Islamic Art</p><p id="9e2c" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Bojan Miljković, Serbian Academy of Arts and Sciences</p><p id="7263" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Elka Mircheva, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences</p><p id="5f10" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">John Mitchell, University of East Anglia</p><p id="363b" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Mihail Mitrea, Newcastle University</p><p id="2e9b" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Marie-Elisabeth Mitsou, EHESS</p><p id="5bf1" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Elissaveta Moussakova, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences</p><p id="ab15" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Emmanuel Moutafov, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences</p><p id="535f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Krassimira Moutafova, St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria</p><p id="2782" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Mikael Muehlbauer, Columbia University</p><p id="57b4" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Stelyios Muksuris, Byzantine Catholic Seminary, Pittsburgh</p><p id="a213" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Stephennie Mulder, The University of Texas at Austin</p><p id="4a19" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Margaret Mullett, Queen’s University Belfast</p><p id="e549" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Elisabeta Negrău, „G. Oprescu” Art History Institute, Bucharest</p><p id="45ac" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Robert S. Nelson, Yale University</p><p id="1fb6" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Elisabetta Neri, UMR Orient&Méditerranée-Paris</p><p id="8375" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Christoph K. Neumann, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich</p><p id="3e81" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Emily Neumeier, Temple University</p><p id="f520" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Leonora Neville, University of Wisconsin Madison</p><p id="a081" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Galit Noga-Banai, Hebrew University of Jerusalem</p><p id="789d" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">William North, Carleton College</p><p id="c638" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Paweł<em class="np"> </em>Nowakowski, University of Warsaw</p><p id="11fb" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Paolo Odorico, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales — Paris</p><p id="4753" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Gokce Dervisoglu Okandan, Istanbul Bilgi University</p><p id="cafb" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Javier Ortolá Salas, Universidad de Cádiz</p><p id="00e7" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Victor Ostapchuk, University of Toronto</p><p id="8a18" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Robert G. Ousterhout, University of Pennsylvania</p><p id="e42d" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Agnès Ouzounian, INALCO (Paris)</p><p id="3a37" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Günay Göksu Özdoğan, Marmara University</p><p id="17ce" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Nilay Ozlu, University of Oxford / Altinbas University</p><p id="c1db" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Valentino Pace, Università di Udine</p><p id="7cc8" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Georgios Pallis, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens</p><p id="01a1" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Pagona Papadopoulou, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki</p><p id="aba3" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Stratis Papaioannou, University of Crete</p><p id="41d8" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Amy Papalexandrou, University of Texas, Austin</p><p id="a3d2" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Nassos Papalexandrou, University of Texas, Austin</p><p id="7110" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Maria Parani, University of Cyprus</p><p id="40e5" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Andrea Paribeni, University of Urbino Carlo Bo</p><p id="c10d" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Laura E. Parodi, Università degli Studi di Genova</p><p id="797a" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Elena Paskaleva, Leiden University</p><p id="6838" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Panagiotis Pavlos, University of Oslo</p><p id="d3ba" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Silvia Pedone, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei</p><p id="c2a9" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Glenn Peers, Syracuse University</p><p id="aa9a" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Bissera V. Pentcheva, Stanford University</p><p id="48df" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Arseniy Petrov, Russian State University for the Humanities</p><p id="6aaa" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Konrad Petrovszky, Austrian Academy of Sciences</p><p id="63aa" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Amanda Phillips, University of Virginia</p><p id="f2bd" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Robert Pichler, Austrian Academy of Sciences</p><p id="c270" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Jordan Pickett, University of Georgia</p><p id="904d" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Aleksandr Preobrazhensky, Lomonosov Moscow State University</p><p id="c6bc" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Chryssa Ranoutsaki, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich</p><p id="a8e6" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Konstantinos Raptis, Ephorate of Antiquities, Thessaloniki</p><p id="c6f7" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Andi Rembeci, University of Tirana</p><p id="8195" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Andreas Rhoby, Austrian Academy of Sciences</p><p id="a7f6" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Lutz Rickelt, Ikonen-Museum Recklinghausen</p><p id="635d" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Meredith Riedel, Duke University</p><p id="c8bd" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Alexandre Roberts, University of Southern California</p><p id="0893" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Serena Romano, University of Lausanne</p><p id="b0cf" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Maria Alessia Rossi, Index of Medieval Art, Princeton University</p><p id="8292" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Susana Ruiz, Tecnológico de Monterrey (México)</p><p id="78cd" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">James Ryan, New York University</p><p id="db16" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Adam Sabra, University of California, Santa Barbara</p><p id="9a8b" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Linda Safran, Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, Toronto</p><p id="8e81" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Georgios Salakidis, Democritus University of Thrace</p><p id="7c86" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Catherine Saliou, Université Paris 8/École Pratique des Hautes Études, PSL</p><p id="402f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Jaime Vizcaíno Sánchez, Universidad de Murcia</p><p id="c268" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Paula Caballero Sánchez, Universidad de Málaga</p><p id="4bdf" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Joseph E. Sanzo, Università Ca’ Foscari, Venice</p><p id="1b26" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Marinos Sariyannis, Institute of Mediterranean Studies, Rethymno</p><p id="33bd" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Peter Sarris, University of Cambridge</p><p id="00e4" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Irvin Cemil Schick, EHESS Paris</p><p id="d64d" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Oliver Jens Schmitt, University of Vienna</p><p id="01bb" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Sabine Schrenk, University of Bonn</p><p id="e8a0" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Ellen C. Schwartz, Eastern Michigan University</p><p id="58ee" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Mira Xenia Schwerda, Harvard University</p><p id="0b86" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Roger Scott, University of Melbourne</p><p id="6b7c" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Tamara Sears, Rutgers University, New Brunswick</p><p id="7f89" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Lara Sels, KU Leuven</p><p id="da6c" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Athanasios Semoglou, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki</p><p id="c692" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">A. Tunç Şen, Columbia University</p><p id="9c1f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Nancy P. Ševčenko, independent scholar, USA</p><p id="44c8" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Wendy Shaw, Freie Univeristät Berlin</p><p id="5f70" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Jonathan Shea, Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection</p><p id="b81d" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Petr Shuvalov, St. Petersburg State University</p><p id="35c3" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Irene Simantoni, Université Libre de Bruxelles</p><p id="5ee4" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Nino Simonishvili, independent scholar, Georgia</p><p id="5f8e" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">James Skedros, Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology</p><p id="7eaf" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Dimitrios Skrekas, University of Oxford</p><p id="ef9c" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Engelina Smirnova, Lomonosov Moscow State University</p><p id="2851" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Sharon C. Smith, Arizona State University</p><p id="04b0" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Svetlana Smolčić Makuljević, Metropolitan University Belgrade</p><p id="5680" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Kostis Smyrlis, National Hellenic Research Foundation</p><p id="3cb3" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Pushkar Sohoni, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research</p><p id="daaa" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Lucinia Speciale, Università del Salento (Lecce)</p><p id="5493" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Foteini Spingou, University of Edinburgh</p><p id="c302" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Dimitris Stamatopoulos, University of Macedonia</p><p id="6f6a" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Tatjana Starodubcev, University of Novi Sad</p><p id="e507" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Christos Stavrakos, University of Ioannina</p><p id="efab" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Mark L. Stein, Muhlenberg College</p><p id="79a9" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Shannon Steiner, Binghamton University</p><p id="f6ee" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Yannis Stouraitis, University of Edinburgh</p><p id="6297" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">William Stroebel, University of Michigan</p><p id="e0f8" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Fabian Stroth, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg</p><p id="be72" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Alice Isabella Sullivan, University of Michigan</p><p id="937c" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Yasser Tabbaa, retired professor</p><p id="0365" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Alice-Mary Talbot, Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection</p><p id="407b" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Michael Talbot, University of Greenwich</p><p id="2931" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Tuğba Tanyeri-Erdemir, University of Pittsburgh</p><p id="cbe6" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Rabun Taylor, University of Texas, Austin</p><p id="9ee3" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Allie Terry-Fritsch, Bowling Green State University</p><p id="4aca" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Natalia Teteriatnikov, independent scholar, USA</p><p id="8cba" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Baki Tezcan, University of California, Davis</p><p id="d4ca" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Irakli Tezelashvili, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University</p><p id="68fc" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Haris Theodorelis-Rigas, Koç University</p><p id="f41f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Anne Tihon, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium</p><p id="1938" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Galina Tirnanić, Oakland University</p><p id="b3eb" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Gul Tokay, Richmond University (London)</p><p id="fd80" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Jesse W. Torgerson, Wesleyan University</p><p id="0963" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Hjalmar Torp, University of Oslo</p><p id="26da" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Ida Toth, University of Oxford</p><p id="2bff" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Giovanni Travagliato, Università degli Studi di Palermo</p><p id="f9cc" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Warren Treadgold, Saint Louis University</p><p id="6235" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Ionut-Alexandru Tudorie, St Vladimir’s Orthodox Theological Seminary</p><p id="cbde" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Ece Turnator, Massachussetts Institute of Technology</p><p id="321f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Vessela Valiavitcharska, University of Maryland</p><p id="af6b" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Günder Varinlioğlu, Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University</p><p id="765b" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Nükhet Varlık, Rutgers University</p><p id="d370" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Manolis G. Varvounis, Democritus University of Thrace</p><p id="a44d" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Maria Vassilaki, University of Thessaly</p><p id="3350" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Myrto Veikou, Uppsala University</p><p id="6e5b" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Manuel Vial-Dumas, University of Girona, Spain</p><p id="7a0f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Marina Vicelja, University of Rijeka, Croatia</p><p id="3bc3" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Tim Vivian, California State University, Bakersfield</p><p id="dc97" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Dragan Vojvodić, University of Belgrade</p><p id="21de" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Oleg Voskoboynikov, National Research University, Moscow</p><p id="7593" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Branka Vranešević, University of Belgrade</p><p id="bfe8" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Milan Vukašinović, Uppsala University</p><p id="0123" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Lauren Wainwright, University of Birmingham</p><p id="17ba" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Alicia Walker, Bryn Mawr College</p><p id="8eac" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Annabel Wharton, Duke University</p><p id="823d" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Elizabeth Williams, Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection</p><p id="b65e" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Robert Wiśniewski, Uniwersytet Warszawski</p><p id="38c6" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Ethel Sara Wolper, University of New Hampshire</p><p id="0690" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Warren T. Woodfin, Queens College, City University of New York</p><p id="4ed9" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Renée Worringer, University of Guelph</p><p id="931f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Diana Gilliland Wright, independent scholar, Washington, DC</p><p id="bc9e" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Maria Xanthou, Harvard University</p><p id="bda9" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Veli N. Yashin, University of Southern California</p><p id="5939" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Ann Marie Yasin, University of Southern California</p><p id="d653" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Edith Ybert, EHESS</p><p id="85a3" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Ayşin Yoltar, Brooklyn Museum</p><p id="27eb" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Nikos Zagklas, University of Vienna</p><p id="35a3" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Anna Zakharova, Lomonosov Moscow State University</p><p id="1956" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Natalia Zajac, University of Manchester</p><p id="f45a" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk">Zeido Zeido, Brandenburg University of Technology</p><p id="f431" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mr ms gu mt b mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no gn bk"><em class="np">[For a brief history of this letter, click </em><a class="af io" href="https://files.cargocollective.com/c10474/Status-of-Hagia-Sophia.pdf" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank"><em class="np">here</em></a><em class="np">.]</em></p></div></div></div></div></section></div></div></article></div><div class="l"></div><footer class="nq nr ns nt nu ab q nv nw c"><div class="l ae"><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><div class="ab cp nx"><div class="ab q kb"><div class="ny l"><span class="l nz oa ob e d"><div class="ab q kb kc"><div class="pw-multi-vote-icon fj kd ke kf kg"><span><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak 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Multiple learned societies have expressed concern regarding this news. As scholars of Byzantine and Ottoman art and culture, we write now, not to protest an action that has not yet been taken, but to clarify the concern that we share, on the basis of the information currently available to us.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:73d686150a6_6":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"73d686150a6_6","name":"40ca","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"In our opinion, the central question is not, “Should Hagia Sophia be a museum or a mosque?” The central question is rather, “How can we best care for Hagia Sophia?” In other words, we draw a distinction between function and stewardship. We are concerned that the ongoing dispute over function hinders the development of a management strategy commensurate to the scale of the challenges: preservation of the historical fabric and continued visibility of the works of art of all periods, Byzantine and Ottoman; responsible management of mass tourism; and protection against the threat of earthquake.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":211,"end":219,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":224,"end":235,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:73d686150a6_7":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"73d686150a6_7","name":"03c7","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"From 1453 until 1934, Hagia Sophia served as a congregational mosque, and was administered by a pious endowment (vakıf). After the declaration of the Turkish Republic (1923), jurisdiction over all such entities was assumed by a new government ministry, the Directorate General of Foundations. Hagia Sophia continued in use as a mosque throughout the 1920s, but in 1931 restorers began to reveal the mosaics of the interior. The spectacular success of their work convinced the Turkish Council of Ministers (1934) to transfer jurisdiction over the building from the Directorate General of Foundations to the Ministry of Education.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":113,"end":118,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:73d686150a6_8":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"73d686150a6_8","name":"153a","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"This change in jurisdiction coincided with a change in function, through which the building was closed to worship. Both jurisdiction and function, however, have continued to evolve. Hagia Sophia is today administered by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, as the administrative successor to the Ministry of Education. At the same time, the function of the building has expanded to include increasingly visible expressions of Muslim piety. Since 1991, there has been a room dedicated to Muslim prayer within the complex. Since 2016, Hagia Sophia has been served by a full-time imam, the call to prayer has sounded from the minarets, and Qur’anic readings and prayers have taken place within during the annual observation of Laylat al-Qadr.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":15,"end":27,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":55,"end":63,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:73d686150a6_9":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"73d686150a6_9","name":"f530","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Thus, in a certain sense, Hagia Sophia is currently functioning as both a museum and a mosque. As far as we are aware, the expansion of this latter function has not resulted in damage to the building or obstruction of its works of art. The Ministry of Culture and Tourism remains a responsible steward.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:73d686150a6_10":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"73d686150a6_10","name":"22cf","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"At the same time, prominent voices in Turkey have long argued that the transfer of jurisdiction to the Ministry was unlawful. They claim that the Turkish state did not have the right to “secularize” Hagia Sophia in 1934, since pious endowments are perpetual and inviolable. According to this argument, the rightful custodian of the building is the Directorate General of Foundations.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:73d686150a6_11":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"73d686150a6_11","name":"0285","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"In recent years, the Directorate General has assumed control of other Byzantine monuments and reopened them to Muslim worship. One prominent example is another Hagia Sophia, this one in Trabzon on the Black Sea, whose proper administration has been contested since 2013. An effort to re-open the building to Muslim prayer included construction of an elaborate set of screens to obscure the Byzantine frescoes. Less publicized, but of more lasting harm, was the campaign of restoration carried out by the Directorate General on Hagia Sophia in Vize (Thrace) in 2006, which resulted in substantial damage to the historical fabric of the building.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:73d686150a6_12":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"73d686150a6_12","name":"9467","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Our concern is that the current conflict, until now only a “war of words,” could result in similarly careless treatment of Hagia Sophia in Istanbul: that historical and archaeological evidence could be damaged, and works of art concealed.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:73d686150a6_13":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"73d686150a6_13","name":"f7fd","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Hagia Sophia is too beautiful a monument and too precious a historical document to serve as a pawn in regional politics. Successive Byzantine, Ottoman, and Turkish governments have protected it against the ravages of time and thus maintained its significance not only for themselves, but also for those to come in the future — including all of us. It is a matter of vital concern to us as scholars of Byzantine and Ottoman art and culture that the current Turkish government continue this tradition of responsible stewardship.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:73d686150a6_14":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"73d686150a6_14","name":"20da","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Respectfully,","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:73d686150a6_15":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"73d686150a6_15","name":"7ce6","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Iman R. 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