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Boulogne-Billancourt - Wikipedia
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.ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><p><b>Boulogne-Billancourt</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[bulɔɲ<span class="wrap"> </span>bijɑ̃kuʁ]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/69\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-Boulogne-Billancourt.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-Boulogne-Billancourt.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-Jules78120-Boulogne-Billancourt.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-Boulogne-Billancourt.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-Boulogne-Billancourt.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-Jules78120-Boulogne-Billancourt.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-Jules78120-Boulogne-Billancourt.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; often colloquially called simply <b>Boulogne</b>, until 1924 <b>Boulogne-sur-Seine</b>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[bulɔɲ<span class="wrap"> </span>syʁ<span class="wrap"> </span>sɛn]</a></span>) is a wealthy and prestigious <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a> in the western suburbs of <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, located 8.2 km (5 mi) from the <a href="/wiki/Kilometre_zero" title="Kilometre zero">centre of Paris</a>. It is a <a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">subprefecture</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine" title="Hauts-de-Seine">Hauts-de-Seine</a> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a> and thus the seat of the larger <a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Arrondissement of Boulogne-Billancourt">arrondissement of Boulogne-Billancourt</a>. It is also part of the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tropole_du_Grand_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Métropole du Grand Paris">Métropole du Grand Paris</a>. Boulogne-Billancourt includes one island in the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a>: <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Seguin" title="Île Seguin">Île Seguin</a>. </p><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Boulogne-Billancourt</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">Subprefecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00009.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="La Seine Musicale on Île Seguin in the Seine"><img alt="La Seine Musicale on Île Seguin in the Seine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8d/GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00009.jpg/270px-GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00009.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8d/GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00009.jpg/405px-GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8d/GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00009.jpg/540px-GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="3000"></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><a href="/wiki/La_Seine_Musicale" title="La Seine Musicale">La Seine Musicale</a> on <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Seguin" title="Île Seguin">Île Seguin</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_boulogne_billancourt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Boulogne-Billancourt"><img alt="Coat of arms of Boulogne-Billancourt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Blason_ville_boulogne_billancourt.svg/73px-Blason_ville_boulogne_billancourt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="73" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Blason_ville_boulogne_billancourt.svg/109px-Blason_ville_boulogne_billancourt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Blason_ville_boulogne_billancourt.svg/145px-Blason_ville_boulogne_billancourt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="661"></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boulogne-Billancourt_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paris and inner ring departments"><img alt="Paris and inner ring departments" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Boulogne-Billancourt_map.svg/250px-Boulogne-Billancourt_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Boulogne-Billancourt_map.svg/375px-Boulogne-Billancourt_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Boulogne-Billancourt_map.svg/500px-Boulogne-Billancourt_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1586"></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> and inner ring departments</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Location of Boulogne-Billancourt</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="12" data-overlays='["_6ef77fea6c28bd331f1b2ef8f049d39b1e7853b0"]'><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Boulogne-Billancourt&revid=1275401172&groups=_6ef77fea6c28bd331f1b2ef8f049d39b1e7853b0" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Boulogne-Billancourt&revid=1275401172&groups=_6ef77fea6c28bd331f1b2ef8f049d39b1e7853b0 2x" alt="Map"></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap 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.od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Boulogne-Billancourt is located in France"><img alt="Boulogne-Billancourt is located in France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/270px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/405px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/540px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1922"></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:25.379%;left:50.892%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Boulogne-Billancourt"><img alt="Boulogne-Billancourt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Boulogne-Billancourt</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of France</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ile-de-France_region_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Boulogne-Billancourt is located in Île-de-France (region)"><img alt="Boulogne-Billancourt is located in Île-de-France (region)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ile-de-France_region_location_map.svg/270px-Ile-de-France_region_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ile-de-France_region_location_map.svg/405px-Ile-de-France_region_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ile-de-France_region_location_map.svg/540px-Ile-de-France_region_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1651" data-file-height="1334"></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:36.65%;left:38.484%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Boulogne-Billancourt"><img alt="Boulogne-Billancourt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Boulogne-Billancourt</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Île-de-France (region)</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Boulogne-Billancourt&params=48.8352_N_2.2409_E_type:city(120205)_region:FR-IDF"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°50′07″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°14′27″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.83520°N 02.2409°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.83520; 02.2409</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Department</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine" title="Hauts-de-Seine">Hauts-de-Seine</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_France" title="Arrondissements of France">Arrondissement</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Arrondissement of Boulogne-Billancourt">Boulogne-Billancourt</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_France" title="Cantons of France">Canton</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Boulogne-Billancourt-1" title="Canton of Boulogne-Billancourt-1">Boulogne-Billancourt-1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Boulogne-Billancourt-2" title="Canton of Boulogne-Billancourt-2">2</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France#Intercommunality" title="Communes of France">Intercommunality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Paris" title="Grand Paris">Grand Paris</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2020–2026) </span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Christophe_Baguet" title="Pierre-Christophe Baguet">Pierre-Christophe Baguet</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">LR</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup><b>1</b></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">6.17 km<sup>2</sup> (2.38 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-popref2022_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popref2022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">120,205</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">19,000/km<sup>2</sup> (50,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/INSEE_code" title="INSEE code">INSEE</a>/Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=COM-92012">92012</a> /92100</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">28–40 m (92–131 ft)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><sup><b>1</b></sup> French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km<sup>2</sup> (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Boulogne-Billancourt is one of the wealthiest regions in the Parisian area and in France.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Formerly an important industrial site, it has successfully reconverted into business services and is now home to major communication companies headquartered in the <a href="/wiki/Val_de_Seine" title="Val de Seine">Val de Seine</a> <a href="/wiki/Central_business_district" title="Central business district">business district</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Demographics"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Demographics</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Urbanism"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Urbanism</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Administration"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Administration</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Transport"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Transport</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Politics"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Politics</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Economy"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Economy</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Main_sights"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Main sights</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Education"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Notable_people"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Notable people</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#International_relations"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">International relations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Boulogne-Billancourt&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>The original name of the commune was Boulogne-sur-Seine (meaning "Boulogne upon <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a>"). </p><p>Before the 14th century, Boulogne was a small village called <i>Menuls-lès-Saint-Cloud</i> (meaning "Menuls near <a href="/wiki/Saint-Cloud" title="Saint-Cloud">Saint-Cloud</a>"). In the beginning of the 14th century, King <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philip IV of France</a> ordered the building in <i>Menuls-lès-Saint-Cloud</i> of a church dedicated to the virgin of the sanctuary of <a href="/wiki/Boulogne-sur-Mer" title="Boulogne-sur-Mer">Boulogne-sur-Mer</a>, then a famous pilgrimage center in northern France. The church, meant to become a pilgrimage centre closer to Paris than the distant city of Boulogne-sur-Mer, was named Notre-Dame de Boulogne la Petite ("Our Lady of Boulogne the Minor"). Gradually, the village of <i>Menuls-lès-Saint-Cloud</i> became known as <i>Boulogne-la-Petite</i>, and later as <i>Boulogne-sur-Seine</i>. </p><p>In 1924, <i>Boulogne-sur-Seine</i> was officially renamed Boulogne-Billancourt to reflect the development of the industrial neighbourhood of Billancourt annexed in 1860. </p><p>As for the name Billancourt, it was recorded for the first time in 1150 as <i>Bullencort</i>, sometimes also spelled <i>Bollencort</i>. It comes from <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Medieval Latin</a> <i>cortem</i>, <a href="/wiki/Accusative_case" title="Accusative case">accusative</a> of <i>cors</i>, meaning "enclosure", "estate", suffixed to the Germanic <a href="/wiki/Patronym" class="mw-redirect" title="Patronym">patronym</a> Buolo (meaning "friend, brother, kinsman"), thus having the meaning of "estate of Buolo". </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Boulogne-Billancourt&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89glise_Notre_Dame_Boulogne_Billancourt_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/%C3%89glise_Notre_Dame_Boulogne_Billancourt_1.jpg/220px-%C3%89glise_Notre_Dame_Boulogne_Billancourt_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/%C3%89glise_Notre_Dame_Boulogne_Billancourt_1.jpg/220px-%C3%89glise_Notre_Dame_Boulogne_Billancourt_1.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/%C3%89glise_Notre_Dame_Boulogne_Billancourt_1.jpg/330px-%C3%89glise_Notre_Dame_Boulogne_Billancourt_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/%C3%89glise_Notre_Dame_Boulogne_Billancourt_1.jpg/440px-%C3%89glise_Notre_Dame_Boulogne_Billancourt_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Church of Our Lady of Boulogne</figcaption></figure> <p>On 1 January 1860, the City of Paris was enlarged by annexing neighbouring communes. On that occasion, the communes of <a href="/wiki/Auteuil,_Paris" title="Auteuil, Paris">Auteuil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Passy" title="Passy">Passy</a> were disbanded and divided between Boulogne-Billancourt (then called <i>Boulogne-sur-Seine</i>) and the city of Paris. <i>Boulogne-sur-Seine</i> received a small part of the territory of Passy, and about half of the territory of Auteuil (including the area of Billancourt, which belonged to the disbanded commune of Auteuil). </p><p>Some of the competitive <a href="/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics" title="Shooting at the 1900 Summer Olympics">shooting</a> events of the <a href="/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics" title="1900 Summer Olympics">1900 Summer Olympics</a> took place in Boulogne-Billancourt.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1929, the <a href="/wiki/Bois_de_Boulogne" title="Bois de Boulogne">Bois de Boulogne</a>, which was hitherto divided between the communes of Boulogne-Billancourt and <a href="/wiki/Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Neuilly-sur-Seine">Neuilly-sur-Seine</a>, was annexed in its entirety by the city of Paris. On that occasion, Boulogne-Billancourt, to which most of the Bois de Boulogne belonged, lost about half of its territory. Since then, Boulogne-Billancourt has been surrounded to the west, south and east by the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a> and to the north and north-east by the <a href="/wiki/16th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="16th arrondissement of Paris">16th arrondissement of Paris</a>. </p><p>Boulogne-Billancourt is known for being the birthplace of three major French industries. It was the location, in 1906 for the very first <a href="/wiki/Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a> factory, that of <a href="/wiki/Voisin_(aircraft)" title="Voisin (aircraft)">Appareils d'Aviation Les Frères Voisin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Davilla_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davilla-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was then followed by those of many other aviation pioneers, and the tradition continues with several aviation related companies still operating in the area. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobile</a> industry had a large presence with <a href="/wiki/Renault" title="Renault">Renault</a> on <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Seguin" title="Île Seguin">Île Seguin</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Salmson" title="Salmson">Salmson</a> building both cars and aircraft engines. Finally, the French film industry started here and, from 1922 to 1992 it was the home of the <a href="/wiki/Billancourt_Studios" title="Billancourt Studios">Billancourt Studios</a>, and since becoming a major location for French <a href="/wiki/Film_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Film production">film production</a>. It was used as the setting of the TV show <i><a href="/wiki/Code_Lyoko" title="Code Lyoko">Code Lyoko</a></i>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Boulogne-Billancourt&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Demographics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:30em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1793 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,600</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">— </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1800 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,481</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−5.18%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1806 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,378</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.70%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1821 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,266</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.14%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1831 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">5,323</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+5.01%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1836 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,993</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.40%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1841 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,906</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.88%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1846 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,847</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.59%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1851 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,602</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.63%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1856 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">11,378</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+8.40%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">13,944</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.15%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1866 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">17,343</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.46%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1872 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">18,965</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.50%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1876 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">21,556</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.25%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">25,825</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+3.68%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1886 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">30,084</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.10%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1891 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">32,569</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.60%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1896 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">37,418</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.81%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">44,416</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.49%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1906 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">49,969</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.38%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">57,027</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.68%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">68,008</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.78%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">75,559</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.13%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">86,234</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.68%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1936 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">97,379</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.46%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1946 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">79,410</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.02%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1954 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">93,998</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.13%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1962 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">106,641</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.59%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1968 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">109,008</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.37%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1975 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">103,578</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.73%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">102,582</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.14%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">101,743</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.10%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1999 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">106,367</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.50%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2007 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">111,045</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.54%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2012 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">117,126</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.07%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2017 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">120,071</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.50%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on <a class="external text" href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/charts/">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Chart" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Chart">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: EHESS<sup id="cite_ref-ehess_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ehess-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and INSEE (1968-2017)<sup id="cite_ref-pophist_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pophist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Urbanism">Urbanism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Boulogne-Billancourt&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Urbanism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quartiers_de_Boulogne-Billancourt.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Quartiers_de_Boulogne-Billancourt.png/220px-Quartiers_de_Boulogne-Billancourt.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="584"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 237px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Quartiers_de_Boulogne-Billancourt.png/220px-Quartiers_de_Boulogne-Billancourt.png" data-width="220" data-height="237" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Quartiers_de_Boulogne-Billancourt.png/330px-Quartiers_de_Boulogne-Billancourt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Quartiers_de_Boulogne-Billancourt.png/440px-Quartiers_de_Boulogne-Billancourt.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Neighbourhoods in Boulogne-Billancourt: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Purple; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Parchamp – Albert Kahn</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Red; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Les Princes – Marmottan</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Yellow; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Silly – Galliény</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Blue; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Centre-Ville</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Billancourt – Rives de Seine </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Orange; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> République – Point du Jour</div></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The ecologic neighbourhood of the <i>Trapèze</i> in Boulogne-Billancourt: the district stands on 74 hectares and will be able to house up to 18,000 inhabitants at the end of its construction. 65% of the district's energy is brought by geothermal power, which heats and freshens the buildings. Solar panels and a vegetable greenhouse were installed in the aim to link the district to sustainable energies. Bicycle and "soft" travels will of course be put first to reduce the pollution caused by cars, as well as other vehicles which do not run on electricity.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ambroise_Par%C3%A9_Hospital_(Boulogne-Billancourt)" title="Ambroise Paré Hospital (Boulogne-Billancourt)">Ambroise Paré Hospital</a> is located in the city.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Boulogne-Billancourt&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Administration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>With the city of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8vres" title="Sèvres">Sèvres</a>, Boulogne-Billancourt is part of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Agglomeration_communities_in_France" title="Agglomeration communities in France">communauté d'agglomération</a></i></span> Val de Seine. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Boulogne-Billancourt&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Transport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>Boulogne-Billancourt is served by two stations on <a href="/wiki/Paris_M%C3%A9tro_Line_10" title="Paris Métro Line 10">Paris Métro Line 10</a>: <a href="/wiki/Boulogne%E2%80%93Jean_Jaur%C3%A8s_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulogne–Jean Jaurès (Paris Métro)">Boulogne–Jean Jaurès</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boulogne%E2%80%93Pont_de_Saint-Cloud_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulogne–Pont de Saint-Cloud (Paris Métro)">Boulogne–Pont de Saint-Cloud</a>. It is also served by three stations on <a href="/wiki/Paris_M%C3%A9tro_Line_9" title="Paris Métro Line 9">Paris Métro Line 9</a>: <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Sembat_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcel Sembat (Paris Métro)">Marcel Sembat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billancourt_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Billancourt (Paris Métro)">Billancourt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pont_de_S%C3%A8vres_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pont de Sèvres (Paris Métro)">Pont de Sèvres</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Boulogne-Billancourt&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Politics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p>Boulogne-Billancourt is represented by two <a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_France" title="Constituencies of France">constituencies</a> and therefore two <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament (France)">Members of Parliament</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Constituency </th> <th>Member<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Party </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #0043B0"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine%27s_9th_constituency" title="Hauts-de-Seine's 9th constituency">Hauts-de-Seine's 9th constituency</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_de_Maistre" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth de Maistre">Elisabeth de Maistre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">The Republicans</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #FFD600"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine%27s_10th_constituency" title="Hauts-de-Seine's 10th constituency">Hauts-de-Seine's 10th constituency</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Attal" title="Gabriel Attal">Gabriel Attal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_(French_political_party)" title="Renaissance (French political party)">Renaissance</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Boulogne-Billancourt&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Economy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <p>Boulogne-Billancourt hosts the global headquarters of several multinational companies, including: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcatel-Lucent" title="Alcatel-Lucent">Alcatel-Lucent</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boursorama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boursorama (page does not exist)">Boursorama</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrefour" title="Carrefour">Carrefour</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7aise_des_Jeux_(lottery)" title="Française des Jeux (lottery)">Française des Jeux</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pika_%C3%89dition" class="mw-redirect" title="Pika Édition">Pika Édition</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renault" title="Renault">Renault</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TF1_Group" title="TF1 Group">TF1</a> (<a href="/wiki/TF1_Tower" title="TF1 Tower">TF1 Tower</a>)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallourec" title="Vallourec">Vallourec</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoplait" title="Yoplait">Yoplait</a></li></ul> <p>Prior to 2000 <a href="/wiki/Schneider_Electric" title="Schneider Electric">Schneider Electric</a>'s head office was in Boulogne-Billancourt.<sup id="cite_ref-SchneiderHQ_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SchneiderHQ-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Main_sights">Main sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Boulogne-Billancourt&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Main sights" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jardin_du_Mus%C3%A9e_Albert-Kahn.Le_village_japonais_02_by_Line1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Jardin_du_Mus%C3%A9e_Albert-Kahn.Le_village_japonais_02_by_Line1.JPG/220px-Jardin_du_Mus%C3%A9e_Albert-Kahn.Le_village_japonais_02_by_Line1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Jardin_du_Mus%C3%A9e_Albert-Kahn.Le_village_japonais_02_by_Line1.JPG/220px-Jardin_du_Mus%C3%A9e_Albert-Kahn.Le_village_japonais_02_by_Line1.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Jardin_du_Mus%C3%A9e_Albert-Kahn.Le_village_japonais_02_by_Line1.JPG/330px-Jardin_du_Mus%C3%A9e_Albert-Kahn.Le_village_japonais_02_by_Line1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Jardin_du_Mus%C3%A9e_Albert-Kahn.Le_village_japonais_02_by_Line1.JPG/440px-Jardin_du_Mus%C3%A9e_Albert-Kahn.Le_village_japonais_02_by_Line1.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Musée Albert-Kahn</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:H%C3%B4tel_Ville_Boulogne_Billancourt_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/H%C3%B4tel_Ville_Boulogne_Billancourt_1.jpg/220px-H%C3%B4tel_Ville_Boulogne_Billancourt_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="78" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="9192" data-file-height="3277"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 78px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/H%C3%B4tel_Ville_Boulogne_Billancourt_1.jpg/220px-H%C3%B4tel_Ville_Boulogne_Billancourt_1.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="78" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/H%C3%B4tel_Ville_Boulogne_Billancourt_1.jpg/330px-H%C3%B4tel_Ville_Boulogne_Billancourt_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/H%C3%B4tel_Ville_Boulogne_Billancourt_1.jpg/440px-H%C3%B4tel_Ville_Boulogne_Billancourt_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Hôtel de Ville, Boulogne-Billancourt">Hôtel de Ville</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Albert-Kahn" title="Musée Albert-Kahn">Musée Albert-Kahn</a> at 14, Rue du Port, Boulogne-Billancourt is a national museum and includes four hectares of gardens, joining landscape scenes of various national traditions. The museum also includes historic photographs and film.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Ann%C3%A9es_Trente" title="Musée des Années Trente">Musée des Années Trente</a> is a museum of artistic and industrial objects from the 1930s.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Hôtel de Ville, Boulogne-Billancourt">Hôtel de Ville</a> was completed in 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Boulogne-Billancourt&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <p>The public <i>collèges</i> (middle schools) in the commune include Jacqueline-Auriol, Bartholdi, Paul-Landowski and Jean-Renoir. The public high schools are the <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Jacques_Pr%C3%A9vert_(Boulogne-Billancourt)" title="Lycée Jacques Prévert (Boulogne-Billancourt)">Lycée Jacques-Prévert</a> and the Lycée Polyvalent Étienne-Jules-Marey.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the September 1968 opening of Prévert, the first high school/sixth-form in Boulogne, an annex of <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_La_Fontaine_(Paris)" title="Lycée La Fontaine (Paris)">Lycée La Fontaine</a> served the city.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The private school <a href="/wiki/Groupe_Scolaire_Ma%C3%AFmonide_Rambam" title="Groupe Scolaire Maïmonide Rambam">Groupe Scolaire Maïmonide Rambam</a> covers maternelle through lycée. There is also the private high school Notre-Dame. The latter's performance and ranking in Boulogne-Billancourt are given by its success of baccalaureate rate in different series. According to the ranking of <i>L'Express</i> in 2015, the national rank of Notre-Dame de Boulogne was 170 out of 2301 and 7 out of 52 at department level. The private schools Dupanloup and Saint-Joseph-du-Parchamp serve maternelle through collège. Private maternelle and élémentaire schools include Saint-Alexandre and Saint-François d’Assise. Jardin de Solférino and La Maison de l'Enfant are private maternelles.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Association Eveil Japon</i> (エベイユ学園 <i>Ebeiyu Gakuen</i>), a <a href="/wiki/Hoshuko" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoshuko">supplementary Japanese education programme</a>, is located in Boulogne-Billancourt.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A campus of the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_sup%C3%A9rieure_des_sciences_commerciales_d%27Angers" title="École supérieure des sciences commerciales d'Angers">École supérieure des sciences commerciales d'Angers</a> is also located in the city. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Boulogne-Billancourt&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notable people" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <p>Boulogne-Billancourt was the birthplace of: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bablot" title="Paul Bablot">Paul Bablot</a> (1873–1923), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pape_Badiane" title="Pape Badiane">Pape Badiane</a> (1980–2016), basketball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bellemare" title="Pierre Bellemare">Pierre Bellemare</a> (1929–2018), actor and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Belmondo" title="Paul Belmondo">Paul Belmondo</a> (born 1963), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bleuse" title="Pierre Bleuse">Pierre Bleuse</a> (born 1977), music conductor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Blier" title="Bertrand Blier">Bertrand Blier</a> (1939–2025), <a href="/wiki/Screenwriter" title="Screenwriter">screenwriter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Film_director" title="Film director">film director</a>; son of <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Blier" title="Bernard Blier">Bernard Blier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Le_Blon" title="Hubert Le Blon">Hubert Le Blon</a> (1874–1910), automobilist and pioneer aviator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Boltanski" title="Christophe Boltanski">Christophe Boltanski</a> (born 1962), writer and journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booba" title="Booba">Booba</a> (born 1976), <a href="/wiki/Rapper" class="mw-redirect" title="Rapper">rapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Buren" title="Daniel Buren">Daniel Buren</a> (born 1938), <a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">conceptual artist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Canet" title="Guillaume Canet">Guillaume Canet</a> (born 1973), actor, screenwriter and director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Caron" title="Leslie Caron">Leslie Caron</a> (born 1931), film actress and dancer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Castaldi" title="Benjamin Castaldi">Benjamin Castaldi</a> (born 1970), TV presenter and producer; son of actor <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Castaldi" title="Jean-Pierre Castaldi">Jean-Pierre Castaldi</a>, former husband of fellow TV presenter <a href="/wiki/Flavie_Flament" title="Flavie Flament">Flavie Flament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthieu_Chedid" title="Matthieu Chedid">Matthieu Chedid</a> (born 1971), composer, singer, guitarist; son of fellow singer and composer <a href="/wiki/Louis_Chedid" title="Louis Chedid">Louis Chedid</a> and grandson of writer and poet <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9e_Chedid" title="Andrée Chedid">Andrée Chedid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Combes" title="Michel Combes">Michel Combes</a> (born 1962), French businessman; the current CEO of <a href="/wiki/Alcatel-Lucent" title="Alcatel-Lucent">Alcatel-Lucent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Connesson" title="Guillaume Connesson">Guillaume Connesson</a> (born 1970), composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Cop%C3%A9" title="Jean-François Copé">Jean-François Copé</a> (born 1964), politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89dith_Cresson" title="Édith Cresson">Édith Cresson</a> (born 1934), politician, former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime Minister of France</a> under the presidency of <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_de_Roux" title="Xavier de Roux">Xavier de Roux</a> (born 1940), politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Deville" title="Michel Deville">Michel Deville</a> (1931–2023), <a href="/wiki/Screenwriter" title="Screenwriter">screenwriter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Film_director" title="Film director">film director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Deslog%C3%A8res" title="Françoise Deslogères">Françoise Deslogères</a> (1929-2020), <a href="/wiki/Ondes_Martenot" title="Ondes Martenot">ondist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Garnier" title="Laurent Garnier">Laurent Garnier</a> (born 1966), electronic music producer and DJ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Gavalda" title="Anna Gavalda">Anna Gavalda</a> (born 1970), novelist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Girardot" title="Hippolyte Girardot">Hippolyte Girardot</a> (born 1955), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Glucksmann" title="André Glucksmann">André Glucksmann</a> (1937–2015), political philosopher and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hallyday" title="David Hallyday">David Hallyday</a> (born David Smet, 1966), composer, pop rock singer; son of singers <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Hallyday" title="Johnny Hallyday">Johnny Hallyday</a> (born Jean-Philippe Smet) and <a href="/wiki/Sylvie_Vartan" title="Sylvie Vartan">Sylvie Vartan</a>, brother of actress <a href="/wiki/Laura_Smet" title="Laura Smet">Laura Smet</a>, cousin of actor <a href="/wiki/Michael_Vartan" title="Michael Vartan">Michael Vartan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapha%C3%ABl_Hamburger" title="Raphaël Hamburger">Raphaël Hamburger</a>, (born 1981), music supervisor, son of singers <a href="/wiki/Michel_Berger" title="Michel Berger">Michel Berger</a> (born Michel Hamburger) and <a href="/wiki/France_Gall" title="France Gall">France Gall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapha%C3%ABl_Haroche" title="Raphaël Haroche">Raphaël Haroche</a>, (born 1975), singer, songwriter and actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_(French_musician)" title="Sebastian (French musician)">Sébastien Akchoté-Bozović</a>, known mononymously as Sebastian (born 1981), electronic music producer and DJ;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Huntzinger" title="Jacques Huntzinger">Jacques Huntzinger</a> (born 1943), ambassador</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Kagan" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri Kagan">Henri Kagan</a> (born 1930), chemist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Keraudy" title="Jean Keraudy">Jean Keraudy</a> (1920-2001) prison escape artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keny_Arkana" title="Keny Arkana">Keny Arkana</a> (born 20 December 1982), Argentinian-French rapper and co-founder of the social movement La Rage du peuple</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandrine_Kiberlain" title="Sandrine Kiberlain">Sandrine Kiberlain</a> (born 1968), actress; wife of fellow actor <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Lindon" title="Vincent Lindon">Vincent Lindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_L._Lambrichs" title="Louise L. Lambrichs">Louise L. Lambrichs</a> (born 1952), novelist and screenwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Lanvin" title="Gérard Lanvin">Gérard Lanvin</a> (born 1950), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corinne_Lepage" title="Corinne Lepage">Corinne Lepage</a> (born 1951), politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Levy" title="Marc Levy">Marc Levy</a> (born 1961), novelist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Lhermitte" title="Thierry Lhermitte">Thierry Lhermitte</a> (born 1952), actor, co-writer (usually with the band of the <a href="/wiki/Le_Splendid" title="Le Splendid">Splendid</a>), director, producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Mahut" title="Nicolas Mahut">Nicolas Mahut</a> (born 1982), tennis player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Modiano" title="Patrick Modiano">Patrick Modiano</a> (born 1945), writer, winner of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Literature</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Monfort" title="Nelson Monfort">Nelson Monfort</a> (born 1954), television presenter, translator, sports commentator for French public television</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thibault_de_Montaigu" title="Thibault de Montaigu">Thibault de Montaigu</a> (born 1978), writer and journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Monteaux" title="Roger Monteaux">Roger Monteaux</a> (1879–1974), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim,_8th_Prince_Murat" title="Joachim, 8th Prince Murat">Joachim, 8th Prince Murat</a> (born 1944), aristocrat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Prince_Napol%C3%A9on" title="Charles, Prince Napoléon">Charles, Prince Napoléon</a> (born 1950), aristocrat and descendant of <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerome Bonaparte">Jerome Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulle_Ogier" title="Bulle Ogier">Bulle Ogier</a> (born Marie-France Thielland, 1939), actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Henrique_of_Orl%C3%A9ans-Braganza" title="Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza">Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza</a> (1909–1981), <a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Imperial_House_of_Brazil" title="Head of the Imperial House of Brazil">Head of the Imperial House of Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Parly" title="Florence Parly">Florence Parly</a> (born 1963), politician, Minister of the Armed Forces</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Pinoteau" title="Claude Pinoteau">Claude Pinoteau</a> (1925–2012), actor, director, writer and producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Polg%C3%A1r" title="François Polgár">François Polgár</a> (born 1946), <a href="/wiki/Choir_conductor" class="mw-redirect" title="Choir conductor">choir conductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Pradon" title="Jérôme Pradon">Jérôme Pradon</a> (born 1964), stage actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Ricard" title="Jean-François Ricard">Jean-François Ricard</a> (born 1956), prosecutor of the National Terrorism Prosecution Office for the prosecution of <a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_France" title="Terrorism in France">terrorism in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Roland" title="Thierry Roland">Thierry Roland</a> (1934–2012), football specialist, sports journalist, television commentator and presenter</li> <li>Baron <a href="/wiki/Edmond_James_de_Rothschild" title="Edmond James de Rothschild">Edmond James de Rothschild</a> (1845–1934), philanthropist and activist for Jewish affairs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiphaine_Samoyault" title="Tiphaine Samoyault">Tiphaine Samoyault</a> (born 1968, French university lecturer, literary critic, and novelist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9ronique_Sanson" title="Véronique Sanson">Véronique Sanson</a> (born 1949), singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Sarde" title="Alain Sarde">Alain Sarde</a> (born 1952), former actor, now writer and producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Spaak" title="Catherine Spaak">Catherine Spaak</a> (born 1945), actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Spaak" title="Agnès Spaak">Agnès Spaak</a> (born 1944), actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgette_Tissier" title="Georgette Tissier">Georgette Tissier</a> (1910–1957), actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Trintignant" title="Marie Trintignant">Marie Trintignant</a> (1962–2003), actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspard_Ulliel" title="Gaspard Ulliel">Gaspard Ulliel</a>, (1984-2022), actor, model</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Vartan" title="Michael Vartan">Michael Vartan</a> (born 1968), French-American actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marin_de_Viry" title="Marin de Viry">Marin de Viry</a> (born 1962), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zazie" title="Zazie">Zazie</a> (Isabelle de Truchis de Varennes, born 1964), singer-songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Lorenz_of_Belgium" title="Prince Lorenz of Belgium">Prince Lorenz of Belgium</a> Archduke of Austria-Este, Prince Royal of Hungary (born 1955)</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Boulogne-Billancourt&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: International relations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_France" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in France">List of twin towns and sister cities in France</a></div> <p>Boulogne-Billancourt is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><noscript><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" data-alt="Belgium" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Anderlecht" title="Anderlecht">Anderlecht</a>, Belgium</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><noscript><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" data-alt="England" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hammersmith_and_Fulham" title="London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham">Hammersmith and Fulham (London)</a>, England, United Kingdom</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><noscript><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" data-alt="Germany" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Neuk%C3%B6lln" title="Neukölln">Neukölln (Berlin)</a>, Germany</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><noscript><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" data-alt="Italy" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Marino,_Lazio" title="Marino, Lazio">Marino</a>, Italy</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><noscript><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" data-alt="Serbia" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pan%C4%8Devo" title="Pančevo">Pančevo</a>, Serbia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><noscript><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" data-alt="Israel" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ra%27anana" title="Ra'anana">Ra'anana</a>, Israel</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><noscript><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" data-alt="United States" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas">Irving</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia"><noscript><img alt="Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" data-alt="Tunisia" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sousse" title="Sousse">Sousse</a>, Tunisia</li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Boulogne-Billancourt&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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style="width: 32px;height: 21px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="32" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/48px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/64px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Hauts-de-Seine_department" title="Communes of the Hauts-de-Seine department">Communes of the Hauts-de-Seine department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcatel-Lucent" title="Alcatel-Lucent">Alcatel-Lucent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AC_Boulogne-Billancourt" title="AC Boulogne-Billancourt">AC Boulogne-Billancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt_Half_Marathon" title="Boulogne-Billancourt Half Marathon">Boulogne-Billancourt Half Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Couv%C3%A8gnes" title="Raymond Couvègnes">Raymond Couvègnes</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Boulogne-Billancourt&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media 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class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px 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.cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503">"Répertoire national des élus: les maires"</a> (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 6 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+national+des+%C3%A9lus%3A+les+maires&rft.pub=data.gouv.fr%2C+Plateforme+ouverte+des+donn%C3%A9es+publiques+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.date=2023-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.gouv.fr%2Ffr%2Fdatasets%2Fr%2F2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulogne-Billancourt" 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Commune of Boulogne-Billancourt. Retrieved on 16 May 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lyc-prevert-boulogne.ac-versailles.fr/spip.php?article11">Naissance du lycée</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160918045716/http://www.lyc-prevert-boulogne.ac-versailles.fr/spip.php?article11">Archived</a> 2016-09-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Jacques_Pr%C3%A9vert_(Boulogne-Billancourt)" title="Lycée Jacques Prévert (Boulogne-Billancourt)">Lycée Jacques-Prévert</a>. Retrieved on 9 September 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boulognebillancourt.com/cms/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=186?&submid=1&mpid=4&leftid=326&submid2=2&Itemid=329">L'ENSEIGNEMENT PRIVÉ</a>" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140517125030/http://www.boulognebillancourt.com/cms/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=186?&submid=1&mpid=4&leftid=326&submid2=2&Itemid=329">Archive</a>). Commune of Boulogne-Billancourt. Retrieved on 16 May 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/clarinet/002/006/001/002/004.htm">欧州の補習授業校一覧(平成25年4月15日現在)</a>" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140330190146/http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/clarinet/002/006/001/002/004.htm">Archive</a>). <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture,_Sports,_Science_and_Technology" title="Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology">Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology</a> (MEXT). Retrieved on 10 May 2014. "エベイユ Association Eveil Japon 27 rue de Serves 92100Boulogne-Billancourt, France"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200416102646/https://www.boulognebillancourt.com/ma-ville/histoire-et-patrimoine/jumelage">"Jumelages"</a>. <i>boulognebillancourt.com</i> (in French). Boulogne-Billancourt. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boulognebillancourt.com/ma-ville/histoire-et-patrimoine/jumelage">the original</a> on 16 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=boulognebillancourt.com&rft.atitle=Jumelages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boulognebillancourt.com%2Fma-ville%2Fhistoire-et-patrimoine%2Fjumelage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulogne-Billancourt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Boulogne-Billancourt&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Boulogne-Billancourt" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Boulogne-Billancourt">Boulogne-Billancourt</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 38px;height: 40px;" 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boulognebillancourt.com">Site officiel de Boulogne-Billancourt </a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/boulognebillancourt">Page Facebook de Boulogne-Billancourt</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.twitter.com/ville_boulogneb">Compte Twitter de Boulogne-Billancourt</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mapage.noos.fr/hubert.demory/billancourt.htm">History of Billancourt</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulon-Biyankur" title="Bulon-Biyankur – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bulon-Biyankur" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بولونی-بیانکور – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بولونی-بیانکور" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C-%D0%91%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80" title="Булонь-Біянкур – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Булонь-Біянкур" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80" title="Булон Биянкур – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Булон Биянкур" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C-%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80" title="Булонь-Бийанкур – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Булонь-Бийанкур" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%BD-%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81" title="Μπουλόν-Μπιγιανκούρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπουλόν-Μπιγιανκούρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بولونی-بیانکور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بولونی-بیانکور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%88%EB%A1%9C%EB%89%B4%EB%B9%84%EC%96%91%EC%BF%A0%EB%A5%B4" title="불로뉴비양쿠르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="불로뉴비양쿠르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B6-%D4%B2%D5%AB%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80" title="Բուլոն-Բիյանկուր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բուլոն-Բիյանկուր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C-%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80" title="Булонь-Бийанкур – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Булонь-Бийанкур" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C-%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ბულონ-ბიანკური – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბულონ-ბიანკური" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C-%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80" title="Булонь-Биянкур – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Булонь-Биянкур" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bononia_ad_Sequanam" title="Bononia ad Sequanam – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bononia ad Sequanam" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulo%C5%86a-Bijank%C5%ABra" title="Buloņa-Bijankūra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Buloņa-Bijankūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulon%C4%97-Bijank%C5%ABras" title="Bulonė-Bijankūras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bulonė-Bijankūras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بولون بيانكور – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بولون بيانكور" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بولونی بیانکور – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بولونی بیانکور" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C-%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80" title="Булонь-Биянкур – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Булонь-Биянкур" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%EF%BC%9D%E3%83%93%E3%83%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ブローニュ=ビヤンクール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブローニュ=ビヤンクール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C-%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B3%D3%80" title="Булонь-БийанкугӀ – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Булонь-БийанкугӀ" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne_e_Billancourt" title="Boulogne e Billancourt – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Boulogne e Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بولون-بلانکور – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بولون-بلانکور" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C-%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80" title="Булонь-Бийанкур – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Булонь-Бийанкур" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt_(mesto)" title="Boulogne-Billancourt (mesto) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt (mesto)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9A_%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80" title="Булоњ Бијанкур – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Булоњ Бијанкур" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C-%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80" title="Булонь-Биянкур – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Булонь-Биянкур" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD-%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80" title="Булун-Бийонкур – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Булун-Бийонкур" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C-%D0%91%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80" title="Булонь-Біянкур – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Булонь-Біянкур" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بولون-بیانکور – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بولون-بیانکور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%B4%9B%E6%B6%85-%E6%AF%94%E6%89%AC%E5%8F%A4" title="布洛涅-比扬古 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="布洛涅-比扬古" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%B4%9B%E6%B6%85%E6%AF%94%E6%8F%9A%E5%8F%A4" title="布洛涅比揚古 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="布洛涅比揚古" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Boulogne-Billancourt" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%B4%9B%E6%B6%85-%E6%AF%94%E6%89%AC%E5%8F%A4" title="布洛涅-比扬古 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="布洛涅-比扬古" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 12 February 2025, at 20:38<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless 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