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Signs and symptoms subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Signs_and_symptoms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Disability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Disability </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Risk_factors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Risk_factors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Risk factors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Risk_factors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diagnosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diagnosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Diagnosis </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Diagnosis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Diagnosis subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Diagnosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Osteoarthritis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osteoarthritis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Osteoarthritis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Osteoarthritis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rheumatoid_arthritis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rheumatoid_arthritis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Rheumatoid arthritis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rheumatoid_arthritis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lupus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lupus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Lupus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lupus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Gout </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_of_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_of_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Comparison of types </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_of_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treatment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treatment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Treatment </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Treatment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Treatment subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Treatment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Physical_therapy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_therapy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Physical therapy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_therapy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Medications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surgery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surgery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Surgery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surgery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptive_aids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptive_aids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Adaptive aids </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adaptive_aids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternative_medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Alternative medicine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternative_medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Epidemiology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epidemiology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Epidemiology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epidemiology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Terminology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Arthritis</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 85 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" > 85 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artritis" title="Artritis – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Artritis" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84" title="التهاب المفاصل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التهاب المفاصل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artritis" title="Artritis – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Artritis" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9F%DC%90%DC%92_%DC%AB%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܟܐܒ ܫܪܝܬܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܟܐܒ ܫܪܝܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D6%85%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A2" title="Յօդաբորբ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Յօդաբորբ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artrit" title="Artrit – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Artrit" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%84_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="مفصل ایلتیهابی/آرتریت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مفصل ایلتیهابی/آرتریت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4" title="বাত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Артрит – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Артрит" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artritis" title="Artritis – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Artritis" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artritis" title="Artritis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Artritis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwynegon" title="Gwynegon – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwynegon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamb%C9%94%C5%8Bgbara" title="Kambɔŋgbara – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Kambɔŋgbara" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigt" title="Gigt – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gigt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arthritis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%80%DE%AA%DE%85%DE%AA%DE%8C%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%B0_%DE%8B%DE%AA%DE%85%DE%A6%DE%88%DE%AA%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ހުޅުތައް ދުޅަވުން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ހުޅުތައް ދުޅަވުން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liigesep%C3%B5letik" title="Liigesepõletik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Liigesepõletik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Αρθρίτιδα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρθρίτιδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artritis" title="Artritis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Artritis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artrito" title="Artrito – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Artrito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artritis" title="Artritis – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Artritis" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%84" title="التهاب مفصل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="التهاب مفصل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthrite" title="Arthrite – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arthrite" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtr%C3%ADteas" title="Airtríteas – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Airtríteas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artrite" title="Artrite – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Artrite" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B4an-chiet-y%C3%A0m" title="Kôan-chiet-yàm – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kôan-chiet-yàm" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%80%EC%A0%88%EC%97%BC" title="관절염 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="관절염" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A2" title="Հոդաբորբ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հոդաբորբ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A5" title="संधि शोथ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संधि शोथ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artrito" title="Artrito – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Artrito" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artritis" title="Artritis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Artritis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Arthritis" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artrite" title="Artrite – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Artrite" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D" title="דלקת מפרקים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דלקת מפרקים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A4" title="ಸಂಧಿವಾತ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಂಧಿವಾತ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ართრიტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ართრიტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Шорбуын – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шорбуын" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Артрит – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Артрит" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Arthritis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artr%C4%ABts" title="Artrīts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Artrīts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artritas" title="Artritas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Artritas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artrite" title="Artrite – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Artrite" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amakajja" title="Amakajja – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Amakajja" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dz%C3%BCleti_gyullad%C3%A1s" title="Ízületi gyulladás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ízületi gyulladás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Артритис – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Артритис" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="സന്ധിവാതം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സന്ധിവാതം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radang_sendi" title="Radang sendi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Radang sendi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%86%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB" title="အဆစ်အမြစ်ရောင် ရောဂါ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အဆစ်အမြစ်ရောင် ရောဂါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artritis" title="Artritis – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Artritis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5" title="बाथ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बाथ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%A2%E7%AF%80%E7%82%8E" title="関節炎 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="関節炎" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artritt" title="Artritt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Artritt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A5%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B8" title="ଆର୍ଥ୍ରାଇଟିସ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆର୍ଥ୍ରାଇଟିସ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artrit" title="Artrit – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Artrit" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਗਠੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗਠੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%BD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%86%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%EA%A9%BB" title="ဆွတ်ꩻဆွုမ်ႏယော့ꩻ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဆွတ်ꩻဆွုမ်ႏယော့ꩻ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%86%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B9%E1%9E%84" title="រោគឈឺចាប់ក្នុងសន្លាក់ឆ្អឹង – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រោគឈឺចាប់ក្នុងសន្លាក់ឆ្អឹង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapalenie_staw%C3%B3w" title="Zapalenie stawów – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zapalenie stawów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artrite" title="Artrite – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Artrite" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artrit%C4%83" title="Artrită – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Artrită" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Артрит – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Артрит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%83_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A" title="जानुवातः सन्धिवातश्च – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जानुवातः सन्धिवातश्च" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artriti" title="Artriti – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Artriti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Arthritis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artrit%C3%ADda" title="Artritída – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Artritída" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artritis" title="Artritis – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Artritis" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%DA%AF%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ھەوکردنی جومگەکان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھەوکردنی جومگەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapaljenje_zgloba" title="Zapaljenje zgloba – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Zapaljenje zgloba" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artritis" title="Artritis – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Artritis" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niveltulehdus" title="Niveltulehdus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Niveltulehdus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledinflammation" title="Ledinflammation – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ledinflammation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="மூட்டழற்சி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மூட்டழற்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Артрит – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Артрит" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B3%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B3%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="కీళ్ళనొప్పులు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కీళ్ళనొప్పులు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9A" title="ข้ออักเสบ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ข้ออักเสบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhuo%C5%8B" title="Adhuoŋ – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Adhuoŋ" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Артрит – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Артрит" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artrit" title="Artrit – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Artrit" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Артрит – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Артрит" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="نقرس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نقرس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%AAm_kh%E1%BB%9Bp" title="Viêm khớp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Viêm khớp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artritis" title="Artritis – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Artritis" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E8%8A%82%E7%82%8E" title="关节炎 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="关节炎" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E7%AF%80%E7%82%8E" title="關節炎 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="關節炎" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E8%8A%82%E7%82%8E" title="关节炎 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="关节炎" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q170990#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arthritis" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Arthritis" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Arteritis" title="Arteritis">Arteritis</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the journal, see <a href="/wiki/Arthritis_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthritis (journal)">Arthritis (journal)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical condition</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-medical-condition"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Arthritis</th></tr><tr style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Rheumatoid_Arthritis.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="photograph of elderly hand depicting advanced rheumatoid arthritis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Rheumatoid_Arthritis.JPG/220px-Rheumatoid_Arthritis.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Rheumatoid_Arthritis.JPG/330px-Rheumatoid_Arthritis.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Rheumatoid_Arthritis.JPG/440px-Rheumatoid_Arthritis.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">A hand affected by <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Autoimmune" class="mw-redirect" title="Autoimmune">autoimmune</a> form of arthritis</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɑːrˈθraɪtɪs/</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rheumatology" title="Rheumatology">Rheumatology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms" title="Signs and symptoms">Symptoms</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joint_pain" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint pain">Joint pain</a>, stiffness, redness, <a href="/wiki/Joint_effusion" title="Joint effusion">swelling</a>, decreased <a href="/wiki/Range_of_motion" title="Range of motion">range of motion</a><a href="#cite_note-NIH2014-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CDC2016-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Complication_(medicine)" title="Complication (medicine)">Complications</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Amplified_musculoskeletal_pain_syndrome" title="Amplified musculoskeletal pain syndrome">Amplified musculoskeletal pain syndrome</a><a href="#cite_note-ChildrensHealth-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Types</th><td class="infobox-data">> 100, most common (<a href="/wiki/Osteoarthritis" title="Osteoarthritis">osteoarthritis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Ath2013-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-CDC2016Bas-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-NIH2014Liv-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Risk_factor" title="Risk factor">Risk factors</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Family history, age, sex trait, previous joint injury, obesity.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Treatment</th><td class="infobox-data">Resting, applying ice or heat, weight loss, exercise, <a href="/wiki/Joint_replacement" title="Joint replacement">joint replacement</a><a href="#cite_note-NIH2014Liv-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medication" title="Medication">Medication</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen" title="Ibuprofen">Ibuprofen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">paracetamol</a> (acetaminophen)<a href="#cite_note-Ortho2007-9">[9]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Arthritis is a term often used to mean any disorder that affects <a href="/wiki/Joint" title="Joint">joints</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NIH2014-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Symptoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Symptoms">Symptoms</a> generally include <a href="/wiki/Joint_pain" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint pain">joint pain</a> and stiffness.<a href="#cite_note-NIH2014-2">[2]</a> Other symptoms may include redness, warmth, <a href="/wiki/Joint_effusion" title="Joint effusion">swelling</a>, and decreased <a href="/wiki/Range_of_motion" title="Range of motion">range of motion</a> of the affected joints.<a href="#cite_note-NIH2014-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CDC2016-3">[3]</a> In some types of arthritis, other organs are also affected.<a href="#cite_note-NIH2014Liv-7">[7]</a> Onset can be gradual or sudden.<a href="#cite_note-CDC2016Bas-6">[6]</a> There are over 100 types of arthritis.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ath2013-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-CDC2016Bas-6">[6]</a> The most common forms are <a href="/wiki/Osteoarthritis" title="Osteoarthritis">osteoarthritis</a> (degenerative joint disease) and <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NIH2014Liv-7">[7]</a> Osteoarthritis usually occurs with age and affects the fingers, knees, and hips.<a href="#cite_note-NIH2014Liv-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Rheumatoid arthritis is an <a href="/wiki/Autoimmune_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Autoimmune disorder">autoimmune disorder</a> that often affects the hands and feet.<a href="#cite_note-NIH2014Liv-7">[7]</a> Other types include <a href="/wiki/Gout" title="Gout">gout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lupus" title="Lupus">lupus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fibromyalgia" title="Fibromyalgia">fibromyalgia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Septic_arthritis" title="Septic arthritis">septic arthritis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NIH2014Liv-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015-12">[12]</a> They are all types of <a href="/wiki/Rheumatic_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Rheumatic disease">rheumatic disease</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NIH2014-2">[2]</a> Treatment may include resting the joint and alternating between applying ice and heat.<a href="#cite_note-NIH2014Liv-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Weight <a href="/wiki/Weight_loss" title="Weight loss">loss</a> and exercise may also be useful.<a href="#cite_note-NIH2014Liv-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Recommended medications may depend on the form of arthritis.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ortho2007-9">[9]</a> These may include pain medications such as <a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen" title="Ibuprofen">ibuprofen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">paracetamol</a> (acetaminophen).<a href="#cite_note-Ortho2007-9">[9]</a> In some circumstances, a <a href="/wiki/Joint_replacement" title="Joint replacement">joint replacement</a> may be useful.<a href="#cite_note-NIH2014Liv-7">[7]</a> Osteoarthritis affects more than 3.8% of people, while rheumatoid arthritis affects about 0.24% of people.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Gout affects about 1–2% of the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western</a> population at some point in their lives.<a href="#cite_note-Lancet2010-17">[17]</a> In Australia about 15% of people are affected by arthritis,<a href="#cite_note-ABS2015-18">[18]</a> while in the United States more than 20% have a type of arthritis.<a href="#cite_note-CDC2015-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Overall the disease becomes more common with age.<a href="#cite_note-CDC2015-12">[12]</a> Arthritis is a common reason that people miss work and can result in a decreased quality of life.<a href="#cite_note-Ortho2007-9">[9]</a> The term is derived from <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arthr-" class="extiw" title="wikt:arthr-">arthr-</a> (meaning 'joint') and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-itis#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:-itis">-itis</a> (meaning 'inflammation').<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthritis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classification">edit</a>]</div> There are several diseases where joint pain is primary, and is considered the main feature. Generally when a person has "arthritis" it means that they have one of these diseases, which include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hemarthrosis" title="Hemarthrosis">Hemarthrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteoarthritis" title="Osteoarthritis">Osteoarthritis</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">Rheumatoid arthritis</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gout" title="Gout">Gout</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calcium_pyrophosphate_deposition_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease">pseudo-gout</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septic_arthritis" title="Septic arthritis">Septic arthritis</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankylosing_spondylitis" title="Ankylosing spondylitis">Ankylosing spondylitis</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juvenile_idiopathic_arthritis" title="Juvenile idiopathic arthritis">Juvenile idiopathic arthritis</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adult-onset_Still%27s_disease" title="Adult-onset Still's disease">Still's disease</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psoriatic_arthritis" title="Psoriatic arthritis">Psoriatic arthritis</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></li></ul> Joint pain can also be a symptom of other diseases. In this case, the arthritis is considered to be secondary to the main disease; these include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psoriasis" title="Psoriasis">Psoriasis</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactive_arthritis" title="Reactive arthritis">Reactive arthritis</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehlers%E2%80%93Danlos_syndrome" title="Ehlers–Danlos syndrome">Ehlers–Danlos syndrome</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_overload" title="Iron overload">Iron overload</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis" title="Hepatitis">Hepatitis</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyme_disease" title="Lyme disease">Lyme disease</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%B6gren%27s_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjögren's disease">Sjögren's disease</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashimoto%27s_thyroiditis" title="Hashimoto's thyroiditis">Hashimoto's thyroiditis</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celiac_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Celiac disease">Celiac disease</a><a href="#cite_note-GuandaliniAssiri2014-39">[39]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-celiac_gluten_sensitivity" title="Non-celiac gluten sensitivity">Non-celiac gluten sensitivity</a><a href="#cite_note-FasanoSapone2015-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-VoltaCaio2015-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-CatassiBai2013-42">[42]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflammatory_bowel_disease" title="Inflammatory bowel disease">Inflammatory bowel disease</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Crohn%27s_disease" title="Crohn's disease">Crohn's disease</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ulcerative_colitis" title="Ulcerative colitis">ulcerative colitis</a>)<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henoch%E2%80%93Sch%C3%B6nlein_purpura" title="Henoch–Schönlein purpura">Henoch–Schönlein purpura</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperimmunoglobulinemia_D_with_recurrent_fever" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with recurrent fever">Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with recurrent fever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcoidosis" title="Sarcoidosis">Sarcoidosis</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whipple%27s_disease" title="Whipple's disease">Whipple's disease</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNF_receptor_associated_periodic_syndrome" title="TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome">TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granulomatosis_with_polyangiitis" title="Granulomatosis with polyangiitis">Granulomatosis with polyangiitis</a> (and many other <a href="/wiki/Vasculitis" title="Vasculitis">vasculitis</a> syndromes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familial_Mediterranean_fever" title="Familial Mediterranean fever">Familial Mediterranean fever</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemic_lupus_erythematosus" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemic lupus erythematosus">Systemic lupus erythematosus</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></li></ul> An undifferentiated arthritis is an arthritis that does not fit into well-known clinical disease categories, possibly being an early stage of a definite <a href="/wiki/Rheumatic_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Rheumatic disease">rheumatic disease</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Signs_and_symptoms">Signs and symptoms</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthritis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Signs and symptoms">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" align="right"> <tbody><tr> <th>Extra-articular features of joint disease<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cutaneous" class="mw-redirect" title="Cutaneous">Cutaneous</a> <a href="/wiki/Nodule_(medicine)" title="Nodule (medicine)">nodules</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cutaneous <a href="/wiki/Vasculitis" title="Vasculitis">vasculitis</a> <a href="/wiki/Lesion" title="Lesion">lesions</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lymphadenopathy" title="Lymphadenopathy">Lymphadenopathy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oedema" class="mw-redirect" title="Oedema">Oedema</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Human_eye" title="Human eye">Ocular</a> <a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflammation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Urethritis" title="Urethritis">Urethritis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenosynovitis" title="Tenosynovitis">Tenosynovitis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tendon" title="Tendon">tendon</a> sheath <a href="/wiki/Effusion" title="Effusion">effusions</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bursitis" title="Bursitis">Bursitis</a> (swollen <a href="/wiki/Bursa_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bursa (anatomy)">bursa</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">Diarrhea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Orogenital <a href="/wiki/Ulcer_(dermatology)" title="Ulcer (dermatology)">ulceration</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> Pain, which can vary in severity, is a common symptom in virtually all types of arthritis.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Other symptoms include <a href="/wiki/Swelling_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swelling (medical)">swelling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joint_stiffness" title="Joint stiffness">joint stiffness</a>, redness, and aching around the joint(s).<a href="#cite_note-NIH2014-2">[2]</a> Arthritic disorders like <a href="/wiki/Lupus" title="Lupus">lupus</a> and rheumatoid arthritis can affect other organs in the body, leading to a variety of symptoms.<a href="#cite_note-CDC2015-12">[12]</a> Symptoms may include:<a href="#cite_note-NIH2014-2">[2]</a> <ul><li>Inability to use the <a href="/wiki/Hand" title="Hand">hand</a> or <a href="/wiki/Walking" title="Walking">walk</a></li> <li>Stiffness in one or more joints</li> <li>Rash or itch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaise" title="Malaise">Malaise</a> and fatigue</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weight_loss" title="Weight loss">Weight loss</a></li> <li>Poor sleep</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myalgia" title="Myalgia">Muscle aches</a> and pains</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenderness_(medicine)" title="Tenderness (medicine)">Tenderness</a></li> <li>Difficulty moving the joint</li></ul> It is common in advanced arthritis for significant secondary changes to occur. For example, arthritic symptoms might make it difficult for a person to move around and/or exercise, which can lead to secondary effects, such as: <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gout_Signs_and_Symptoms.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Gout_Signs_and_Symptoms.jpg/220px-Gout_Signs_and_Symptoms.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Gout_Signs_and_Symptoms.jpg/330px-Gout_Signs_and_Symptoms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Gout_Signs_and_Symptoms.jpg/440px-Gout_Signs_and_Symptoms.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of gout affected foot</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Muscle <a href="/wiki/Weakness" title="Weakness">weakness</a></li> <li>Loss of <a href="/wiki/Flexibility_(anatomy)" title="Flexibility (anatomy)">flexibility</a></li> <li>Decreased <a href="/wiki/Aerobic_exercise" title="Aerobic exercise">aerobic fitness</a></li></ul> These changes, in addition to the primary symptoms, can have a huge impact on quality of life. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disability">Disability</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthritis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Disability">edit</a>]</div> Arthritis is the most common cause of <a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">disability</a> in the United States. More than 20 million individuals with arthritis have severe limitations in function on a daily basis.<a href="#cite_note-CDC2015-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Absenteeism" title="Absenteeism">Absenteeism</a> and frequent visits to the <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a> are common in individuals who have arthritis. Arthritis can make it difficult for individuals to be physically active and some become home bound.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> It is estimated that the total cost of arthritis cases is close to $100 billion of which almost 50% is from lost earnings. Each year, arthritis results in nearly 1 million hospitalizations and close to 45 million outpatient visits to <a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">health care</a> centers.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Decreased mobility, in combination with the above symptoms, can make it difficult for an individual to remain physically active, contributing to an increased risk of obesity, high <a href="/wiki/Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol">cholesterol</a> or vulnerability to <a href="/wiki/Heart_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart disease">heart disease</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> People with arthritis are also at increased risk of <a href="/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder" title="Major depressive disorder">depression</a>, which may be a response to numerous factors, including fear of worsening symptoms.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Risk_factors">Risk factors</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthritis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Risk factors">edit</a>]</div> There are common risk factors that increase a person's chance of developing arthritis later in adulthood. Some of these are modifiable while others are not.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Smoking has been linked to an increased susceptibility of developing arthritis, particularly rheumatoid arthritis.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnosis">Diagnosis</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthritis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Diagnosis">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:15px; text-align:center"> <caption>Synovial fluid examination<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Type</th> <th><abbr title="White blood cell count">WBC</abbr> (per mm3)</th> <th>% neutrophils</th> <th>Viscosity</th> <th>Appearance </th></tr> <tr> <td>Normal</td> <td><200</td> <td>0</td> <td>High</td> <td style="background: #ffffff;">Transparent </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Osteoarthritis" title="Osteoarthritis">Osteoarthritis</a></td> <td><5000</td> <td><25</td> <td>High</td> <td style="background: #ffffed;">Clear yellow </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hemarthrosis" title="Hemarthrosis">Trauma</a></td> <td><10,000</td> <td><50</td> <td>Variable</td> <td style="background: red;">Bloody </td></tr> <tr> <td>Inflammatory</td> <td>2,000–50,000</td> <td>50–80</td> <td>Low</td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC">Cloudy yellow </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Septic_arthritis" title="Septic arthritis">Septic arthritis</a></td> <td>>50,000</td> <td>>75</td> <td>Low</td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC">Cloudy yellow </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gonorrhea" title="Gonorrhea">Gonorrhea</a></td> <td>~10,000</td> <td>60</td> <td>Low</td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC">Cloudy yellow </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">Tuberculosis</a></td> <td>~20,000</td> <td>70</td> <td>Low</td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC">Cloudy yellow </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">Inflammatory: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arthritis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gout" title="Gout">gout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rheumatic_fever" title="Rheumatic fever">rheumatic fever</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> Diagnosis is made by clinical examination from an appropriate health professional, and may be supported by other tests such as radiology and blood tests, depending on the type of suspected arthritis.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> All arthritides potentially feature <a href="/wiki/Pain" title="Pain">pain</a>. Pain patterns may differ depending on the arthritides and the location. <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">Rheumatoid arthritis</a> is generally worse in the morning and associated with stiffness lasting over 30 minutes.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Osteoarthritis_in_the_left_hand_index_finger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Osteoarthritis_in_the_left_hand_index_finger.jpg/220px-Osteoarthritis_in_the_left_hand_index_finger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Osteoarthritis_in_the_left_hand_index_finger.jpg/330px-Osteoarthritis_in_the_left_hand_index_finger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Osteoarthritis_in_the_left_hand_index_finger.jpg/440px-Osteoarthritis_in_the_left_hand_index_finger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2456" data-file-height="3202" /></a><figcaption>Osteoarthritis in the left hand index finger of a 63-year-old woman</figcaption></figure> Elements of the history of the disorder guide diagnosis. Important features are speed and time of onset, pattern of joint involvement, symmetry of symptoms, early morning stiffness, tenderness, gelling or locking with inactivity, aggravating and relieving factors, and other systemic symptoms. It may include checking joints, observing movements, examination of skin for rashes or nodules and symptoms of pulmonary inflammation. Physical examination may confirm the diagnosis or may indicate systemic disease. Radiographs are often used to follow progression or help assess severity.<a href="#cite_note-davis-65">[65]</a> <a href="/wiki/Blood_test" title="Blood test">Blood tests</a> and <a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-rays</a> of the affected joints often are performed to make the diagnosis. Screening blood tests are indicated if certain arthritides are suspected. These might include: <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_factor" title="Rheumatoid factor">rheumatoid factor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antinuclear_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Antinuclear factor">antinuclear factor</a> (ANF), <a href="/wiki/Extractable_nuclear_antigen" title="Extractable nuclear antigen">extractable nuclear antigen</a>, and specific antibodies.<a href="#cite_note-davis-65">[65]</a> Rheumatoid arthritis patients often have high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, also known as sed rate) or C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, which indicates the presence of an inflammatory process in the body. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies and rheumatoid factor (RF) are two more common blood tests. Positive results indicate the risk of rheumatoid arthritis, while negative results help rule out this autoimmune condition. Imaging tests like X-rays, MRI scans or Ultrasounds used to diagnose and monitor arthritis. Other imaging tests for rheumatoid arthritis that may be considered include computed tomography (CT) scanning, positron emission tomography (PET) scanning, bone scanning, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Osteoarthritis">Osteoarthritis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthritis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Osteoarthritis">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Osteoarthritis" title="Osteoarthritis">Osteoarthritis</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Osteoarthritis" title="Osteoarthritis">Osteoarthritis</a> is the most common form of arthritis.<a href="#cite_note-Van2010-67">[67]</a> It affects humans and other animals, notably dogs, but also occurs in cats and horses. It can affect both the larger and the smaller joints of the body. In humans, this includes the hands, <a href="/wiki/Wrist_osteoarthritis" title="Wrist osteoarthritis">wrists</a>, feet, back, hip, and knee. In dogs, this includes the elbow, hip, stifle (knee), shoulder, and back. The disease is essentially one acquired from daily wear and tear of the joint; however, osteoarthritis can also occur as a result of injury. Osteoarthritis begins in the cartilage and eventually causes the two opposing bones to erode into each other. The condition starts with minor pain during physical activity, but soon the pain can be continuous and even occur while in a state of rest. The pain can be debilitating and prevent one from doing some activities. In dogs, this pain can significantly affect quality of life and may include difficulty going up and down stairs, struggling to get up after lying down, trouble walking on slick floors, being unable to hop in and out of vehicles, difficulty jumping on and off furniture, and behavioral changes (e.g., aggression, difficulty squatting to toilet).<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Osteoarthritis typically affects the weight-bearing joints, such as the back, knee and hip. Unlike rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis is most commonly a disease of the elderly. The strongest predictor of osteoarthritis is increased age, likely due to the declining ability of <a href="/wiki/Chondrocytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Chondrocytes">chondrocytes</a> to maintain the structural integrity of cartilage.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> More than 30 percent of women have some degree of osteoarthritis by age 65. Other risk factors for osteoarthritis include prior joint trauma, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rheumatoid_arthritis">Rheumatoid arthritis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthritis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rheumatoid arthritis">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">Rheumatoid arthritis</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:X-ray_of_right_fourth_PIP_joint_with_bone_erosions_by_rheumatoid_arthritis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/X-ray_of_right_fourth_PIP_joint_with_bone_erosions_by_rheumatoid_arthritis.jpg/220px-X-ray_of_right_fourth_PIP_joint_with_bone_erosions_by_rheumatoid_arthritis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/X-ray_of_right_fourth_PIP_joint_with_bone_erosions_by_rheumatoid_arthritis.jpg/330px-X-ray_of_right_fourth_PIP_joint_with_bone_erosions_by_rheumatoid_arthritis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/X-ray_of_right_fourth_PIP_joint_with_bone_erosions_by_rheumatoid_arthritis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="379" data-file-height="454" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bone_erosion" title="Bone erosion">Bone erosions</a> by <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">Rheumatoid arthritis</a> (RA) is a disorder in which the body's own immune system starts to attack body <a href="/wiki/Tissue_(biology)" title="Tissue (biology)">tissues</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The attack is not only directed at the joint but to many other parts of the body. In rheumatoid arthritis, most damage occurs to the joint lining and <a href="/wiki/Cartilage" title="Cartilage">cartilage</a> which eventually results in erosion of two opposing bones. RA often affects joints in the fingers, wrists, knees and elbows, is symmetrical (appears on both sides of the body), and can lead to severe <a href="/wiki/Deformity" title="Deformity">deformity</a> in a few years if not treated. RA occurs mostly in people aged 20 and above. In children, the disorder can present with a skin <a href="/wiki/Rash" title="Rash">rash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fever" title="Fever">fever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pain" title="Pain">pain</a>, disability, and limitations in daily activities.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> With earlier diagnosis and aggressive treatment, many individuals can lead a better quality of life than if going undiagnosed for long after RA's onset.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> The risk factors with the strongest association for developing rheumatoid arthritis are the female sex, a family history of rheumatoid arthritis, age, obesity, previous joint damage from an injury, and exposure to tobacco smoke.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Bone erosion is a central feature of rheumatoid arthritis. Bone continuously undergoes remodeling by actions of bone resorbing <a href="/wiki/Osteoclast" title="Osteoclast">osteoclasts</a> and bone forming <a href="/wiki/Osteoblast" title="Osteoblast">osteoblasts</a>. One of the main triggers of bone erosion in the joints in rheumatoid arthritis is inflammation of the <a href="/wiki/Synovium" class="mw-redirect" title="Synovium">synovium</a>, caused in part by the production of pro-inflammatory <a href="/wiki/Cytokine" title="Cytokine">cytokines</a> and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), a cell surface protein present in Th17 cells and osteoblasts.<a href="#cite_note-Chabaud_2000-78">[78]</a> Osteoclast activity can be directly induced by osteoblasts through the RANK/RANKL mechanism.<a href="#cite_note-pmid21464945-79">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lupus">Lupus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthritis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Lupus">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lupus_erythematosus" title="Lupus erythematosus">Lupus erythematosus</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Lupus_erythematosus" title="Lupus erythematosus">Lupus</a> is a common <a href="/wiki/Collagen" title="Collagen">collagen</a> <a href="/wiki/Vascular" class="mw-redirect" title="Vascular">vascular</a> disorder that can be present with severe arthritis. Other features of lupus include a skin rash, extreme <a href="/wiki/Photosensitivity" title="Photosensitivity">photosensitivity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baldness" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldness">hair loss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney">kidney</a> problems, lung fibrosis and constant joint pain.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gout">Gout</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthritis&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Gout">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gout" title="Gout">Gout</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Gout" title="Gout">Gout</a> is caused by deposition of <a href="/wiki/Uric_acid" title="Uric acid">uric acid</a> crystals in the joints, causing inflammation. There is also an uncommon form of gouty arthritis caused by the formation of rhomboid crystals of calcium pyrophosphate known as <a href="/wiki/Calcium_pyrophosphate_deposition_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease">pseudogout</a>. In the early stages, the gouty arthritis usually occurs in one joint, but with time, it can occur in many joints and be quite crippling. The joints in gout can often become swollen and lose function. Gouty arthritis can become particularly painful and potentially debilitating when gout cannot successfully be treated.<a href="#cite_note-Becker-81">[81]</a> When uric acid levels and gout symptoms cannot be controlled with standard gout medicines that decrease the production of uric acid (e.g., allopurinol) or increase uric acid elimination from the body through the kidneys (e.g., probenecid), this can be referred to as refractory chronic gout.<a href="#cite_note-Ali-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparison_of_types">Comparison of types</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthritis&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Comparison of types">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Comparison of some major forms of arthritis<a href="#cite_note-agabegi2nd6-7unless-83">[83]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Osteoarthritis" title="Osteoarthritis">Osteoarthritis</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">Rheumatoid arthritis</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Gouty_arthritis" class="mw-redirect" title="Gouty arthritis">Gouty arthritis</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Speed of onset </th> <td>Months</td> <td>Weeks-months<a href="#cite_note-Chan1994-84">[84]</a></td> <td>Hours for an attack<a href="#cite_note-Harwood-Nuss2009-85">[85]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Main locations </th> <td>Weight-bearing joints (such as <a href="/wiki/Knee" title="Knee">knees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hip#Articulation" title="Hip">hips</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vertebral_column" title="Vertebral column">vertebral column</a>) and hands </td> <td>Hands (<a href="/wiki/Proximal_interphalangeal_joint" class="mw-redirect" title="Proximal interphalangeal joint">proximal interphalangeal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metacarpophalangeal_joint" title="Metacarpophalangeal joint">metacarpophalangeal joint</a>) <a href="/wiki/Wrist" title="Wrist">wrists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ankle" title="Ankle">ankles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knee" title="Knee">knees</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hip" title="Hip">hips</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Great_toe" class="mw-redirect" title="Great toe">Great toe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ankle" title="Ankle">ankles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knee" title="Knee">knees</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elbow" title="Elbow">elbows</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Inflammation </th> <td>May occur, though often mild compared to inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Radiologic" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiologic">Radiologic</a> changes </th> <td> <ul><li>Narrowed joint space</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteophyte" title="Osteophyte">Osteophytes</a></li> <li>Local <a href="/wiki/Osteosclerosis" title="Osteosclerosis">osteosclerosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subchondral_cyst" class="mw-redirect" title="Subchondral cyst">Subchondral cysts</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Narrowed joint space</li> <li>Bone erosions</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>"Punched out" bone erosions</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Laboratory findings </th> <td>None</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anemia" title="Anemia">Anemia</a>, elevated <a href="/wiki/Erythrocyte_sedimentation_rate" title="Erythrocyte sedimentation rate">ESR</a> and <a href="/wiki/C-reactive_protein" title="C-reactive protein">C-reactive protein</a> (CRP), <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_factor" title="Rheumatoid factor">rheumatoid factor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-citrullinated_protein_antibody" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-citrullinated protein antibody">anti-citrullinated protein antibody</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Crystal" title="Crystal">Crystal</a> in joints </td></tr> <tr> <th>Other features </th> <td> <ul><li>No systemic signs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouchard%27s_nodes" title="Bouchard's nodes">Bouchard's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heberden%27s_node" title="Heberden's node">Heberden's nodes</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="#Signs_and_symptoms">Extra-articular features</a> are common</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulnar_deviation" title="Ulnar deviation">Ulnar deviation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swan_neck_deformity" title="Swan neck deformity">swan neck-</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boutonniere_deformity" title="Boutonniere deformity">Boutonniere deformity</a> of the hand</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tophus" title="Tophus">Tophi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephrolithiasis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nephrolithiasis">Nephrolithiasis</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthritis&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Infectious_arthritis" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious arthritis">Infectious arthritis</a> is another severe form of arthritis. It presents with sudden onset of chills, fever and joint pain. The condition is caused by bacteria elsewhere in the body. Infectious arthritis must be rapidly diagnosed and treated promptly to prevent irreversible joint damage.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Only about 1% of cases of infectious arthritis are due to any of a wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">viruses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid27037381-87">[87]</a> The virus <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2" title="SARS-CoV-2">SARS-CoV-2</a>, which causes <a href="/wiki/Covid-19" class="mw-redirect" title="Covid-19">Covid-19</a> has been added to the list of viruses which can cause infections arthritis.<a href="#cite_note-pmid35655110-88">[88]</a> SARS-CoV-2 causes <a href="/wiki/Reactive_arthritis" title="Reactive arthritis">reactive arthritis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid35655110-88">[88]</a> <a href="/wiki/Psoriasis" title="Psoriasis">Psoriasis</a> can develop into psoriatic arthritis. With psoriatic arthritis, most individuals develop the skin problem first and then the arthritis. The typical features are continuous joint pains, stiffness and swelling. The disease does recur with periods of <a href="/wiki/Remission_(medicine)" title="Remission (medicine)">remission</a> but there is no known cure for the disorder. A small percentage develop a severely painful and destructive form of arthritis which destroys the small joints in the hands and can lead to permanent disability and loss of hand function.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treatment">Treatment</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthritis&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Treatment">edit</a>]</div> There is no known cure for arthritis and rheumatic diseases. Treatment options vary depending on the type of arthritis and include <a href="/wiki/Physical_therapy" title="Physical therapy">physical therapy</a>, exercise and diet, <a href="/wiki/Brace_(orthopaedic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brace (orthopaedic)">orthopedic bracing</a>, and oral and topical medications.<a href="#cite_note-NIH2014-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <a href="/wiki/Joint_replacement_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint replacement surgery">Joint replacement surgery</a> may be required to repair damage, restore function, or relieve pain.<a href="#cite_note-NIH2014-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_therapy">Physical therapy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthritis&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Physical therapy">edit</a>]</div> In general, studies have shown that physical exercise of the affected joint can noticeably improve long-term pain relief. Furthermore, exercise of the arthritic joint is encouraged to maintain the health of the particular joint and the overall body of the person.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Individuals with arthritis can benefit from both physical and <a href="/wiki/Occupational_therapy" title="Occupational therapy">occupational therapy</a>. In arthritis the joints become stiff and the range of movement can be limited. Physical therapy has been shown to significantly improve function, decrease pain, and delay the need for surgical intervention in advanced cases.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Exercise prescribed by a physical therapist has been shown to be more effective than medications in treating osteoarthritis of the knee. Exercise often focuses on improving muscle strength, endurance and flexibility. In some cases, exercises may be designed to train balance. Occupational therapy can provide assistance with activities. Assistive technology is a tool used to aid a person's disability by reducing their physical barriers by improving the use of their damaged body part, typically after an amputation. Assistive technology devices can be customized to the patient or bought commercially.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medications">Medications</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthritis&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Medications">edit</a>]</div> There are several types of medications that are used for the treatment of arthritis. Treatment typically begins with medications that have the fewest side effects with further medications being added if insufficiently effective.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Depending on the type of arthritis, the medications that are given may be different. For example, the first-line treatment for <a href="/wiki/Osteoarthritis" title="Osteoarthritis">osteoarthritis</a> is <a href="/wiki/Acetaminophen" class="mw-redirect" title="Acetaminophen">acetaminophen</a> (paracetamol) while for <a href="/wiki/Inflammatory_arthritis" title="Inflammatory arthritis">inflammatory arthritis</a> it involves <a href="/wiki/Non-steroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug">non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</a> (NSAIDs) like <a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen" title="Ibuprofen">ibuprofen</a>. <a href="/wiki/Opioid" title="Opioid">Opioids</a> and NSAIDs may be less well tolerated.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> However, topical NSAIDs may have better safety profiles than oral NSAIDs. For more severe cases of osteoarthritis, intra-articular <a href="/wiki/Corticosteroid" title="Corticosteroid">corticosteroid</a> injections may also be considered.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> The drugs to treat <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a> (RA) range from <a href="/wiki/Corticosteroid" title="Corticosteroid">corticosteroids</a> to <a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibodies" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoclonal antibodies">monoclonal antibodies</a> given <a href="/wiki/Intravenous_therapy" title="Intravenous therapy">intravenously</a>. Due to the <a href="/wiki/Autoimmune" class="mw-redirect" title="Autoimmune">autoimmune</a> nature of RA, treatments may include not only pain medications and anti-inflammatory drugs, but also another category of drugs called <a href="/wiki/Disease-modifying_antirheumatic_drug" title="Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug">disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs</a> (DMARDs). csDMARDs, TNF biologics and tsDMARDs are specific kinds of DMARDs that are recommended for treatment.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Treatment with DMARDs is designed to slow down the progression of RA by initiating an <a href="/wiki/Adaptive_immune_system" title="Adaptive immune system">adaptive immune response</a>, in part by CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, specifically Th17 cells.<a href="#cite_note-pmid23383714-98">[98]</a> Th17 cells are present in higher quantities at the site of bone destruction in joints and produce inflammatory cytokines associated with inflammation, such as interleukin-17 (IL-17).<a href="#cite_note-Chabaud_2000-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surgery">Surgery</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthritis&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Surgery">edit</a>]</div> A number of <a href="/wiki/Rheumasurgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Rheumasurgery">rheumasurgical</a> interventions have been incorporated in the treatment of arthritis since the 1950s. <a href="/wiki/Arthroscopic_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthroscopic surgery">Arthroscopic surgery</a> for osteoarthritis of the knee provides no additional benefit to optimized physical and medical therapy.<a href="#cite_note-pmid18784099-99">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adaptive_aids">Adaptive aids</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthritis&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Adaptive aids">edit</a>]</div> People with hand arthritis can have trouble with simple <a href="/wiki/Activities_of_daily_living" title="Activities of daily living">activities of daily living</a> tasks (ADLs), such as turning a key in a lock or opening jars, as these activities can be cumbersome and painful. There are <a href="/wiki/Adaptive_equipment" title="Adaptive equipment">adaptive aids</a> or <a href="/wiki/Assistive_technology" title="Assistive technology">assistive devices</a> (ADs) available to help with these tasks,<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> but they are generally more costly than conventional products with the same function. It is now possible to <a href="/wiki/3-D_print" class="mw-redirect" title="3-D print">3-D print</a> adaptive aids, which have been released as <a href="/wiki/Open_source_hardware" class="mw-redirect" title="Open source hardware">open source hardware</a> to reduce patient costs.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Adaptive aids can significantly help arthritis patients and the vast majority of those with arthritis need and use them.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternative_medicine">Alternative medicine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthritis&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Alternative medicine">edit</a>]</div> Further research is required to determine if <a href="/wiki/Transcutaneous_electrical_nerve_stimulation" title="Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation">transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation</a> (TENS) for knee osteoarthritis is effective for controlling pain.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <a href="/wiki/Low_level_laser_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Low level laser therapy">Low level laser therapy</a> may be considered for relief of pain and stiffness associated with arthritis.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Evidence of benefit is tentative.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pulsed_electromagnetic_field_therapy" title="Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy">Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy</a> (PEMFT) has tentative evidence supporting improved functioning but no evidence of improved pain in osteoarthritis.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> The FDA has not approved PEMFT for the treatment of arthritis. In Canada, PEMF devices are legally licensed by Health Canada for the treatment of pain associated with arthritic conditions.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Epidemiology">Epidemiology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthritis&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Epidemiology">edit</a>]</div> Arthritis is predominantly a disease of the elderly, but children can also be affected by the disease.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Arthritis is more common in women than men at all ages and affects all races, <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic groups</a> and cultures. In the United States a CDC survey based on data from 2013 to 2015 showed 54.4 million (22.7%) adults had self-reported doctor-diagnosed arthritis, and 23.7 million (43.5% of those with arthritis) had arthritis-attributable activity limitation (AAAL). With an aging population, this number is expected to increase. Adults with co-morbid conditions, such as heart disease, diabetes, and obesity, were seen to have a higher than average prevalence of doctor-diagnosed arthritis (49.3%, 47.1%, and 30.6% respectively).<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Disability due to <a href="/wiki/Musculoskeletal_disorder" title="Musculoskeletal disorder">musculoskeletal disorders</a> increased by 45% from 1990 to 2010. Of these, osteoarthritis is the fastest increasing major health condition.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Among the many reports on the increased prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions, data from Africa are lacking and underestimated. A <a href="/wiki/Systematic_review" title="Systematic review">systematic review</a> assessed the prevalence of arthritis in Africa and included twenty population-based and seven hospital-based studies.<a href="#cite_note-:0-112">[112]</a> The majority of studies, twelve, were from South Africa. Nine studies were well-conducted, eleven studies were of moderate quality, and seven studies were conducted poorly. The results of the systematic review were as follows:<a href="#cite_note-:0-112">[112]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">Rheumatoid arthritis</a>: 0.1% in Algeria (urban setting); 0.6% in Democratic Republic of Congo (urban setting); 2.5% and 0.07% in urban and rural settings in South Africa respectively; 0.3% in Egypt (rural setting), 0.4% in Lesotho (rural setting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteoarthritis" title="Osteoarthritis">Osteoarthritis</a>: 55.1% in South Africa (urban setting); ranged from 29.5 to 82.7% in South Africans aged 65 years and older <ul><li>Knee osteoarthritis has the highest prevalence from all types of osteoarthritis, with 33.1% in rural South Africa</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankylosing_spondylitis" title="Ankylosing spondylitis">Ankylosing spondylitis</a>: 0.1% in South Africa (rural setting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psoriatic_arthritis" title="Psoriatic arthritis">Psoriatic arthritis</a>: 4.4% in South Africa (urban setting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gout" title="Gout">Gout</a>: 0.7% in South Africa (urban setting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juvenile_idiopathic_arthritis" title="Juvenile idiopathic arthritis">Juvenile idiopathic arthritis</a>: 0.3% in Egypt (urban setting)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthritis&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> Evidence of osteoarthritis and potentially inflammatory arthritis has been discovered in dinosaurs.<a href="#cite_note-DeLisaGans2005-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> The first known traces of human arthritis date back as far as 4500 BC. In early reports, arthritis was frequently referred to as the most common ailment of prehistoric peoples.<a href="#cite_note-Bridges-115">[115]</a> It was noted in skeletal remains of <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a> found in <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> and parts of what is now <a href="/wiki/Olathe,_Kansas" title="Olathe, Kansas">Olathe, Kansas</a>. Evidence of arthritis has been found throughout history, from <a href="/wiki/%C3%96tzi_the_Iceman" class="mw-redirect" title="Ötzi the Iceman">Ötzi</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">mummy</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 3000 BC) found along the border of modern <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, to the Egyptian mummies <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2590 BC.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> In 1715, <a href="/wiki/William_Musgrave" title="William Musgrave">William Musgrave</a> published the second edition of his most important medical work, De arthritide symptomatica, which concerned arthritis and its effects.<a href="#cite_note-ODNB-117">[117]</a> Augustin Jacob Landré-Beauvais, a 28-year-old resident physician at Salpêtrière Asylum in France was the first person to describe the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Though Landré-Beauvais' classification of rheumatoid arthritis as a relative of gout was inaccurate, his dissertation encouraged others to further study the disease.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthritis&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Terminology">edit</a>]</div> The term is derived from <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arthr-" class="extiw" title="wikt:arthr-">arthr-</a> (from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%84%CF%81%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἄρθρον">ἄρθρον</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: árthron, <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> 'joint') and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-itis#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:-itis">-itis</a> (from -ῖτις, -îtis, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'pertaining to'), the latter <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffix</a> having come to be associated with <a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflammation</a>. The word <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arthritides" class="extiw" title="wikt:arthritides">arthritides</a> is the plural form of arthritis, and denotes the collective group of arthritis-like conditions.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthritis&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiarthritics" title="Antiarthritics">Antiarthritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthritis_Care" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthritis Care">Arthritis Care</a> (charity in the UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthritis_Foundation" title="Arthritis Foundation">Arthritis Foundation</a> (US not-for-profit)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knee_arthritis" title="Knee arthritis">Knee arthritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteoimmunology" title="Osteoimmunology">Osteoimmunology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_pains" title="Weather pains">Weather pains</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthritis&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/arthritis">"arthritis noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary"</a>. www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com. 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Hagerstwon MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stepuptomedicine0000agab/page/253">253</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7817-7153-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7817-7153-5"><bdi>978-0-7817-7153-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Table+6%E2%80%937&rft.btitle=Step-Up+to+Medicine&rft.place=Hagerstwon+MD&rft.series=Step-Up+Series&rft.pages=253&rft.pub=Lippincott+Williams+%26+Wilkins&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7817-7153-5&rft.aulast=Agabegi&rft.aufirst=ED&rft.au=Agabegi%2C+SS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstepuptomedicine0000agab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthritis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chan1994-84"><a href="#cite_ref-Chan1994_84-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Diagnosis_lag_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Diagnosis lag time">Diagnosis lag time</a> of median 4 weeks, and median <a href="/wiki/Diagnosis_lag_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Diagnosis lag time">diagnosis lag time</a> of 18 weeks, taken from: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChanFelsonYoodWalker1994" class="citation journal cs1">Chan KW, Felson DT, Yood RA, Walker AM (June 1994). 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Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Musgrave%2C+William+%281655%E2%80%931721%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004-09&rft.aulast=Cameron&rft.aufirst=A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthritis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEntezamiFoxClaphamChung2011" class="citation journal cs1">Entezami P, Fox DA, Clapham PJ, Chung KC (February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3119866">"Historical perspective on the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis"</a>. Hand Clinics. 27 (1): 1–10. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.hcl.2010.09.006">10.1016/j.hcl.2010.09.006</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3119866">3119866</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21176794">21176794</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hand+Clinics&rft.atitle=Historical+perspective+on+the+etiology+of+rheumatoid+arthritis&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-10&rft.date=2011-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3119866%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21176794&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.hcl.2010.09.006&rft.aulast=Entezami&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Fox%2C+DA&rft.au=Clapham%2C+PJ&rft.au=Chung%2C+KC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3119866&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthritis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ARTHRITIDES">"Definition of ARTHRITIDES"</a>. www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 5 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.merriam-webster.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+ARTHRITIDES&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FARTHRITIDES&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthritis" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthritis&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rheumatology.org">American College of Rheumatology</a> – US professional society of rheumatologists</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150116000259/http://niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Arthritis/default.asp">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</a> - US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/healthy-living/nutrition/anti-inflammatory/the-ultimate-arthritis-diet">The Ultimate Arthritis Diet</a> <a href="/wiki/Arthritis_Foundation" title="Arthritis Foundation">Arthritis Foundation</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width:100%; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170990" class="extiw" title="d:Q170990">D</a></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-11" title="ICD-11">11</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse/latest-release/mms/en#20048211">FA00</a>–<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse/latest-release/mms/en#282555450">FA38</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/M00-M03">M00-M03</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/M05-M14">M05-M14</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/M15-M19">M15-M19</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/M20-M25">M20-M25</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes" title="List of ICD-9 codes">9-CM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=710">710</a>-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=719">719</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D001168">D001168</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Diseases_Database" title="Diseases Database">DiseasesDB</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb15237.htm">15237</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SNOMED_CT" title="SNOMED CT">SNOMED CT</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snomed.info/id/372091005">372091005</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">External resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001243.htm">001243</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/EMedicine" title="EMedicine">eMedicine</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emedicine.medscape.com/search/arthritis-overview">search/arthritis</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Diseases_of_joints" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arthropathies_and_related_conditions" title="Template:Arthropathies and related conditions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arthropathies_and_related_conditions" title="Template talk:Arthropathies and related conditions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arthropathies_and_related_conditions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arthropathies and related conditions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Diseases_of_joints" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arthropathy" title="Arthropathy">Diseases of joints</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arthritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoarthritis" title="Monoarthritis">Monoarthritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligoarthritis" title="Oligoarthritis">Oligoarthritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyarthritis" title="Polyarthritis">Polyarthritis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symptoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthralgia" title="Arthralgia">Joint pain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_stiffness" title="Joint stiffness">Joint stiffness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">Inflammatory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Septic_arthritis" title="Septic arthritis">Infectious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Septic_arthritis" title="Septic arthritis">Septic arthritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">Tuberculosis arthritis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_arthropathy" title="Crystal arthropathy">Crystal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chondrocalcinosis" title="Chondrocalcinosis">Chondrocalcinosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_pyrophosphate_dihydrate_crystal_deposition_disease" title="Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease">CPPD</a> (Pseudogout)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gout" title="Gout">Gout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seronegative_spondyloarthropathy" class="mw-redirect" title="Seronegative spondyloarthropathy">Seronegative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reactive_arthritis" title="Reactive arthritis">Reactive arthritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psoriatic_arthritis" title="Psoriatic arthritis">Psoriatic arthritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankylosing_spondylitis" title="Ankylosing spondylitis">Ankylosing spondylitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enteropathic_arthropathy" title="Enteropathic arthropathy">Enteropathic arthropathy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Connective_tissue_disorders" class="mw-redirect" title="Connective tissue disorders">Connective tissue disorders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLE" class="mw-redirect" title="SLE">SLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemic_sclerosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemic sclerosis">systemic sclerosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%B6gren%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjögren's">Sjögren's</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juvenile_idiopathic_arthritis" title="Juvenile idiopathic arthritis">Juvenile idiopathic arthritis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Systemic-onset_juvenile_idiopathic_arthritis" title="Systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis">Systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">Rheumatoid arthritis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Felty%27s_syndrome" title="Felty's syndrome">Felty's syndrome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palindromic_rheumatism" title="Palindromic rheumatism">Palindromic rheumatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adult-onset_Still%27s_disease" title="Adult-onset Still's disease">Adult-onset Still's disease</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Noninflammatory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hemarthrosis" title="Hemarthrosis">Hemarthrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteoarthritis" title="Osteoarthritis">Osteoarthritis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heberden%27s_node" title="Heberden's node">Heberden's node</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouchard%27s_nodes" title="Bouchard's nodes">Bouchard's nodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteophyte" title="Osteophyte">Osteophyte</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output 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