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id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Verlan</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verlan" title="Verlan – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Verlan" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verlan" title="Verlan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Verlan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verlan" title="Verlan – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Verlan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verlan" title="Verlan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Verlan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Βερλάν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βερλάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verlan" title="Verlan – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Verlan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verlan" title="Verlan – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Verlan" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verlan" title="Verlan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Verlan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verlan" title="Verlan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Verlan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verlan" title="Verlan – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Verlan" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verlan" title="Verlan – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Verlan" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verlan" title="Verlan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Verlan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verlan" title="Verlan – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Verlan" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verlan" title="Verlan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Verlan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verlan" title="Verlan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Verlan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verlan" title="Verlan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Verlan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verlan" title="Verlan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Verlan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Верлан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Верлан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verlan" title="Verlan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Verlan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verlan" title="Verlan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Verlan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3)" title="Верлан (сленг) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Верлан (сленг)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1429662#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French language game involving reversing syllables in a word</div> <p><b><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Verlan</i></span></b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[vɛʁlɑ̃]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/2f\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-verlan.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-verlan.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-verlan.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-verlan.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-verlan.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-Lepticed7-verlan.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-verlan.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span>) is a type of <a href="/wiki/Argot" class="mw-redirect" title="Argot">argot</a> in the <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French language</a>, featuring inversion of <a href="/wiki/Syllable" title="Syllable">syllables</a> in a word, and is common in <a href="/wiki/Slang" title="Slang">slang</a> and youth language. It rests on a long French tradition of transposing syllables of individual words to create slang words.<sup id="cite_ref-Lefkowitz_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lefkowitz-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 50">: 50 </span></sup> The word <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">verlan</i></span> itself is an example of verlan (making it an <a href="/wiki/Autological_word" title="Autological word">autological word</a>). It is derived from inverting the sounds of the syllables in <i>l'envers</i> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[lɑ̃vɛʁ]</a></span>, "the inverse", frequently used in the sense of "back-to-front"). The first documented use of verlan dates back to the 19th century, among robbers.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Word_formation">Word formation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verlan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Word formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">For examples of verlan words, see the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Verlan" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Category:Verlan"><i><b>Verlan</b></i> category of words</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a>, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <p>Words in verlan are formed by switching the order in which syllables from the original word are pronounced. For example, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">français</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[fʁɑ̃sɛ]</a></span> becomes <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">céfran</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[sefʁɑ̃]</a></span>. </p><p>Verlan generally retains the pronunciation of the original syllables. However, French words that end in a <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/E_muet" class="mw-redirect" title="E muet">⟨e⟩ muet</a></i></span> (such as <i lang="fr"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/femme#French" class="extiw" title="wikt:femme">femme</a></i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[fam]</a></span>) and words that end in a pronounced consonant (such as <i lang="fr"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flic#French" class="extiw" title="wikt:flic">flic</a></i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[flik]</a></span>) gain the sound <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[œ]</a></span> once reversed. In addition, verlan often drops the final vowel sound after the word is inverted, so <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">femme</i></span> and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">flic</i></span> become <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">meuf</i></span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[mœf]</a></span> – <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">meufa</i></span> in full form) and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">keuf</i></span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[kœf]</a></span> – <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">keufli</i></span> in full form), respectively. </p><p>The study of written verlan is difficult as it is primarily passed down orally, without standardized spelling. While some still argue that the letters should be held over from the original word, in the case of verlan, most experts agree that words should be spelled as to <a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_spelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Pronunciation spelling">best approximate pronunciation</a>. For example, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">verlan</i></span> is preferred to <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">versl'en</i></span>. The French author <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Le_Breton" title="Auguste Le Breton">Auguste Le Breton</a> uses numerous examples of verlan, for instance in <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Du_rififi_chez_les_hommes" class="mw-redirect" title="Du rififi chez les hommes">Du rififi chez les hommes</a></i></span>. </p><p>Different rules apply for one-syllable words, and words with more than two syllables may be verlan-ised in more than one way. For example, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">cigarette</i></span> may yield <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">garetsi</i></span> or <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">retsiga</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Valdman_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valdman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocabulary">Vocabulary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verlan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Vocabulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some verlan words, such as <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">meuf</i></span>, have become so commonplace that they have been included in the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Petit_Larousse" title="Petit Larousse">Petit Larousse</a></i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The purpose of verlan is to create a somewhat secret language that only its speakers can understand. Words becoming mainstream is counterproductive. As a result, such newly common words may be reversed a second time <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033199720">.mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">(see <a href="#Double_verlan">§ Double verlan</a>)</span>. </p><p>Some verlan words, which are now well incorporated in common French language, have taken on their own significance, or at least certain connotations that have changed their meaning.<sup id="cite_ref-LefkowitzReview_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LefkowitzReview-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the word <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">meuf</i></span>, which can still be used to refer to any woman, also refers to the speaker's girlfriend when used in the possessive form (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">ma meuf</i></span> → my girl); while the original word <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">femme</i></span> would refer to the speaker's wife when used in the same way (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">ma femme</i></span> → my wife). Such words retain a cultural significance from the time at which they appeared in common language. Widespread in the second half of the 20th century, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">beur</i></span> and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">beurette</i></span> (from <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">arabe</i></span>) refer to people of northern African descent who live in France. The word <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">rebeu</i></span> (a double verlan) is much more recent, and evolved to refer more generally to people of Arab descent who live in France. </p><p>In theory, any word can be made into a verlan, but only a few expressions are used in everyday speech. Verbs translated into verlan cannot be conjugated easily. There is no such thing as a verlan grammar, so generally verbs are used in the infinitive, past participle or <a href="/wiki/Imperfect" title="Imperfect">progressive</a> form. For example: </p> <ul><li><i>J'étais en train de pécho une bebon</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ("I was hitting on a hot chick") is said, but not <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">je pécho[ais]</i></span>.</li></ul> <p>Here are some examples of French words that have been made into a verlan and their English meanings:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>French </th> <th>Verlan </th> <th>English </th></tr> <tr> <td>bande </td> <td>deban </td> <td>group </td></tr> <tr> <td>bête </td> <td>teubé </td> <td>stupid </td></tr> <tr> <td>bizarre </td> <td>zarbi </td> <td>weird </td></tr> <tr> <td>black (Eng.) </td> <td>kebla </td> <td>dark-skinned, (African/black) person </td></tr> <tr> <td>bloqué </td> <td>kéblo </td> <td>blocked </td></tr> <tr> <td>bonjour </td> <td>jourbon </td> <td>hello </td></tr> <tr> <td>câble </td> <td>bleca </td> <td>fuse (as in "to blow a fuse") </td></tr> <tr> <td>classe </td> <td>secla </td> <td>class </td></tr> <tr> <td>clope </td> <td>peuclot </td> <td>cigarette </td></tr> <tr> <td>branché </td> <td>chébran </td> <td>trendy </td></tr> <tr> <td>monde </td> <td>demon </td> <td>crowd </td></tr> <tr> <td>disque </td> <td>skeud </td> <td>album </td></tr> <tr> <td>fais chier </td> <td>fais iech </td> <td>it makes one angry </td></tr> <tr> <td>femme </td> <td>meuf </td> <td>woman </td></tr> <tr> <td>flic </td> <td>keuf </td> <td>cop </td></tr> <tr> <td>fou </td> <td>ouf </td> <td>crazy </td></tr> <tr> <td>futur </td> <td>turfu </td> <td>future (exclusively meaning trendy or state-of-the-art) </td></tr> <tr> <td>français </td> <td>céfran </td> <td>French </td></tr> <tr> <td>jobard </td> <td>barjot </td> <td>crazy </td></tr> <tr> <td>l'envers </td> <td>verlan </td> <td>reverse </td></tr> <tr> <td>louche </td> <td>chelou </td> <td>shady or weird </td></tr> <tr> <td>lourd </td> <td>relou </td> <td>irritating or unbearable </td></tr> <tr> <td>merci </td> <td>cimer </td> <td>thanks </td></tr> <tr> <td>mère </td> <td>reum </td> <td>mother </td></tr> <tr> <td>métro </td> <td>tromé </td> <td>subway </td></tr> <tr> <td>musique </td> <td>zicmu </td> <td>music </td></tr> <tr> <td>père </td> <td>reup </td> <td>father </td></tr> <tr> <td>piscine </td> <td>cinepi </td> <td>pool (swimming) </td></tr> <tr> <td>poulet </td> <td>lepou </td> <td>chicken (similar to "pig" in English; for police officer) </td></tr> <tr> <td>pourri </td> <td>ripou </td> <td>rotten (cop) </td></tr> <tr> <td>rap </td> <td>pera </td> <td>rap (music) </td></tr> <tr> <td>truc </td> <td>keutru </td> <td>stuff </td></tr> <tr> <td>vas-y </td> <td>zyva </td> <td>go for it </td></tr> <tr> <td>speed (Eng.) </td> <td>deuspi </td> <td>quick </td></tr> <tr> <td>moi </td> <td>oim </td> <td>me </td></tr> <tr> <td>laisse tomber </td> <td>laisse béton </td> <td>give up </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Double_verlan">Double verlan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verlan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Double verlan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Creating verlans often brings up words that are verlan of a verlan. This is sometimes called <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">double verlan</i></span> or <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">veul</i></span>. One can find the order of the consonants of the original word, but the vowels have been modified. </p><p>For example, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">meuf</i></span> (verlan of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">femme</i></span>) becomes <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">feumeu</i></span>. The verlan word <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Beur" title="Beur">beur</a></i></span>, derived from <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">arabe</i></span>, has been made into <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">rebeu</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Valdman_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valdman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LefkowitzReview_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LefkowitzReview-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_significance">Cultural significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verlan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cultural significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Verlan is less a language than a way to set apart certain words.<sup id="cite_ref-Valdman_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valdman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many verlan words refer either to <a href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse" title="Sexual intercourse">sex</a> or <a href="/wiki/Recreational_drug_use" title="Recreational drug use">drugs</a>, related to the original purpose of keeping communication secret from institutions of social control. Verlan is generally limited to one or two key words per sentence. Verlan words and expressions are mixed within a more general <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Argot" class="mw-redirect" title="Argot">argotique</a></i></span> language. </p><p>Verlan is used by people to mark their membership in, or exclusion from, a particular group (generally young people in the cities and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Banlieue" title="Banlieue">banlieues</a></i></span>, although some French upper-class youth have also started using it as their slang); it is a tool for marking and delineating group identity.<sup id="cite_ref-Valdman_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valdman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Speakers rarely create a verlan word on the fly; rather, their ability to use and understand words from an accepted set of known verlan terms allows them to be identified as part of a verlan-speaking group. Lefkowitz claims that the best speakers of the language are often the worst students, those most needing to hide from authority.<sup id="cite_ref-Lefkowitz_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lefkowitz-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 61">: 61 </span></sup> </p><p>Some verlan words have gained mainstream currency. Examples of verlan in cultural mainstream include the 1984 comedy <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Les Ripoux</i></span> (<i><a href="/wiki/My_New_Partner" title="My New Partner">My New Partner</a></i>) (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">ripou</i></span> is verlan for <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">pourri</i></span>, or rotten, and refers to a corrupt policeman); and the 1977 hit "<a href="/wiki/Laisse_b%C3%A9ton" title="Laisse béton">Laisse béton</a>" by singer <a href="/wiki/Renaud" title="Renaud">Renaud</a> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">béton</i></span> is verlan for <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">tomber</i></span> and the phrase means "drop it"). </p><p>Verlan is popular as a form of expression in <a href="/wiki/French_hip-hop" title="French hip-hop">French hip-hop</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artists claim that it fits well with the musical medium because "form ranks way over substance".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The stage name of Belgian pop artist and songwriter <a href="/wiki/Stromae" title="Stromae">Stromae</a> (real name Paul Van Haver) is verlan for <i lang="fr"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/maestro#French" class="extiw" title="wikt:maestro">maestro</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One hypothesis holds that <i><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></i>, the nom-de-plume of François-Marie Arouet, is a verlan word for <a href="/wiki/Airvault" title="Airvault">Airvault</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 314">: 314 </span></sup> </p><p>The French language movie poster for the 2023 American film <a href="/wiki/Barbie_(film)" title="Barbie (film)"><i>Barbie</i></a> contains a line that has been interpreted as verlan: "Elle peut tout faire. Lui, c'est juste Ken", "She can do everything. He’s just Ken". By referring to the character Ken, which is a verlan phonological inversion of <i>nique</i>, a profane slang term for sex, aloud, it sounds like "Lui sait juste ken," meaning "he only knows how to fuck." <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> refused to confirm or deny whether the profane <a href="/wiki/Double_entendre" title="Double entendre">double entendre</a> was intentional but appreciated the added publicity that the poster generated.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2007 animated film <i><a href="/wiki/Ratatouille_(film)" title="Ratatouille (film)">Ratatouille</a></i>, the character chef Auguste Gusteau's first name and last name are verlans of each other. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verlan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Back_slang" title="Back slang">Back slang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockney" title="Cockney">Cockney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_game" title="Language game">Language game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louch%C3%A9bem" title="Louchébem">Louchébem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunfardo" title="Lunfardo">Lunfardo</a>, which has some reverse words</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pig_Latin" title="Pig Latin">Pig Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podan%C3%A1" title="Podaná">Podaná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhyming_slang" title="Rhyming slang">Rhyming slang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riocontra" title="Riocontra">Riocontra</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sananmuunnos" title="Sananmuunnos">Sananmuunnos</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0atrova%C4%8Dki" title="Šatrovački">Šatrovački</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelta" title="Shelta">Shelta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totoiana" title="Totoiana">Totoiana</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%80%92%E8%AA%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:倒語">Tougo</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesre" title="Vesre">Vesre</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verlan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Lefkowitz-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lefkowitz_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lefkowitz_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLefkowitz1991" class="citation book cs1">Lefkowitz, Natalie (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xOk9Pldx7i0C"><i>Talking Backwards, Looking Forwards: The French Language Game Verlan</i></a>. Gunter Narr Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3823340735" title="Special:BookSources/3823340735"><bdi>3823340735</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Talking+Backwards%2C+Looking+Forwards%3A+The+French+Language+Game+Verlan&rft.pub=Gunter+Narr+Verlag&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=3823340735&rft.aulast=Lefkowitz&rft.aufirst=Natalie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxOk9Pldx7i0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerlan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStille2002" class="citation news cs1">Stille, Alexander (2002-08-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/17/arts/backward-runs-french-reels-the-mind.html">"Backward Runs French. Reels the Mind"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Backward+Runs+French.+Reels+the+Mind.&rft.date=2002-08-17&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Stille&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F08%2F17%2Farts%2Fbackward-runs-french-reels-the-mind.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerlan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Valdman-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Valdman_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Valdman_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Valdman_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Valdman_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValdman2000" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Valdman, Albert (2000). "La Langue des faubourgs et des banlieues: de l'argot au français populaire". <i>The French Review</i> (in French). <b>73</b> (6).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+French+Review&rft.atitle=La+Langue+des+faubourgs+et+des+banlieues%3A+de+l%27argot+au+fran%C3%A7ais+populaire&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=6&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Valdman&rft.aufirst=Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerlan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the <a href="/wiki/Petit_Larousse" title="Petit Larousse">Petit Larousse</a> itself. These words are also given on the Larousse website: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/keuf">keuf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/meuf">meuf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/ripou">ripou</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LefkowitzReview-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LefkowitzReview_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LefkowitzReview_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLefkowitz1989" class="citation journal cs1">Lefkowitz, Natalie J (1989). "Verlan: talking backwards in French". <i><a href="/wiki/The_French_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="The French Review">The French Review</a></i>. <b>63</b> (2).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+French+Review&rft.atitle=Verlan%3A+talking+backwards+in+French&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Lefkowitz&rft.aufirst=Natalie+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerlan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dictionnairedelazone.fr/dictionary/definition/bebon">"Définition de bebon"</a>. <i>dictionnairedelazone.fr</i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dictionnairedelazone.fr&rft.atitle=D%C3%A9finition+de+bebon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionnairedelazone.fr%2Fdictionary%2Fdefinition%2Fbebon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerlan" class="Z3988"></span> <br /> Here the words <i>pécho</i> and <i>bebon</i> are verlan for <i>choper</i> and <i>bombe</i>, roughly translating to "hit on" and "hot chick" respectively.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2004" class="citation journal cs1">Davis, J.J. (Autumn 2004). "Autumn, 2004, Vol. 29 Issue 3, p7, 2 p". <i>Verbatim</i>. <b>29</b>: 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Verbatim&rft.atitle=Autumn%2C+2004%2C+Vol.+29+Issue+3%2C+p7%2C+2+p&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=29&rft.pages=7&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=J.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerlan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosen2005" class="citation web cs1">Rosen, Jody (10 November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/id/2130120">"David Brooks, Playa Hater"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Slate_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Slate Magazine">Slate Magazine</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate+Magazine&rft.atitle=David+Brooks%2C+Playa+Hater&rft.date=2005-11-10&rft.aulast=Rosen&rft.aufirst=Jody&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Fid%2F2130120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerlan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSt._Alse2005" class="citation web cs1">St. Alse, Yaka (21 January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openbrackets.com/article/640/wardsback">"Notes to 'Wardsback'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Open Brackets: Lost in Translation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Open+Brackets%3A+Lost+in+Translation&rft.atitle=Notes+to+%27Wardsback%27&rft.date=2005-01-21&rft.aulast=St.+Alse&rft.aufirst=Yaka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopenbrackets.com%2Farticle%2F640%2Fwardsback&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerlan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSayare2013" class="citation web cs1">Sayare, Scott (10 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/15/arts/15iht-stromae15.html?_r=0">"Stromae: Disillusion, With a Dance Beat"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Stromae%3A+Disillusion%2C+With+a+Dance+Beat&rft.date=2013-10-10&rft.aulast=Sayare&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F10%2F15%2Farts%2F15iht-stromae15.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerlan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSloutskyBlack2008" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sloutsky, Larissa; Black, Catherine (2008). "Le Verlan, phénomène langagier et social: récapitulatif" [Verlan, a linguistic and social phenomenon: in summary]. <i>The French Review</i> (in French). <b>82</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">308–</span>324. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25481548">25481548</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+French+Review&rft.atitle=Le+Verlan%2C+ph%C3%A9nom%C3%A8ne+langagier+et+social%3A+r%C3%A9capitulatif&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E308-%3C%2Fspan%3E324&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25481548%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Sloutsky&rft.aufirst=Larissa&rft.au=Black%2C+Catherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerlan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoxborough2023" class="citation web cs1">Roxborough, Scott (2023-06-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/warner-bros-raunchy-french-barbie-poster-meaning-1235519470/">"Warner Bros. Knew Exactly What It Was Doing With That Racy French 'Barbie' Poster — Here's Why"</a>. <i>The Hollywood Reporter</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Warner+Bros.+Knew+Exactly+What+It+Was+Doing+With+That+Racy+French+%E2%80%98Barbie%E2%80%99+Poster+%E2%80%94+Here%E2%80%99s+Why&rft.date=2023-06-22&rft.aulast=Roxborough&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fmovies%2Fmovie-news%2Fwarner-bros-raunchy-french-barbie-poster-meaning-1235519470%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerlan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verlan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Verlan</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Verlan" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Verlan">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Verlan" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Verlan">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1429662" class="extiw" title="d:Q1429662">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenon2002" class="citation news cs1">Menon, Anand (26 March 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1892853.stm">"Parlez-vous verlan?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Online" title="BBC Online">BBC Online</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Online&rft.atitle=Parlez-vous+verlan%3F&rft.date=2002-03-26&rft.aulast=Menon&rft.aufirst=Anand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F1892853.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerlan" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Verlan&oldid=1268051191">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Verlan&oldid=1268051191</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_slang" title="Category:French slang">French slang</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Language_games" title="Category:Language games">Language games</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cant_languages" title="Category:Cant languages">Cant languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hip-hop_terminology" title="Category:Hip-hop terminology">Hip-hop terminology</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_French_IPA" title="Category:Pages with French IPA">Pages with French IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_hidden_wikidata" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata">Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_default_search" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with default search">Pages using Sister project links with default search</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 January 2025, at 23:25<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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