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robots in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/solar-collector-runs-air-conditioner/20029/">Solar thermal collection system uses Sun's heat to keeps things cool</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/f-35b-jsf-vertical-landing-at-sea/20051/">F-35B completes first vertical landing at sea</a></li> </ul> <div class="clear_both"></div> <a id="more" class="orange" href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/top_stories/">MORE TOP STORIES &raquo; </a> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div id="content" class="narrow_content"><h1>Research Watch</h1> <div class="summary_item noback"> <div class="summary_details"> <div class="sd_top"> </div> <div class="clear_both"> <h2><a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/esa-cosmic-vision-missions/20066/">European Space Agency selects first two "Cosmic Vision" missions</a></h2> <div class="summary_details_left"> <p>By <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/author/darren-quick/">Darren Quick</a></p> <p><em>03:15 October 6, 2011</em></p> </div> <div class="summary_details_right"> <p></p> <p><img src="/web/20111006125622im_/http://www.gizmag.com/images/icons/splashyIcons/image_modernist.png" alt=""/> <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/esa-cosmic-vision-missions/20066/picture/144134/">5 Pictures</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <center><a class="noback" href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/esa-cosmic-vision-missions/20066/"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006125622im_/http://images.gizmag.com/hero/esa_cosmic_plan-2.jpg" title="ESA has selected the first two missions in its Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 Plan, which is desi..." alt="ESA has selected the first two missions in its Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 Plan, which is desi..."/></a></center> <div class="summary"> <p>The European Space Agency (ESA) this week announced the first two missions selected for its Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 Plan. The first, known as Solar Orbiter, will see a spacecraft operating closer to the Sun than any previous mission with a particular focus on examining the solar wind. The second, Euclid, is essentially a space telescope whose primary goal is to study the accelerating expansion of the universe in an attempt to provide an understanding of the exact nature of dark matter. <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/esa-cosmic-vision-missions/20066/">Read More</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="summary_item "> <div class="summary_details"> <div class="sd_top"> </div> <div class="clear_both"> <h2><a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/bolshoi-cosmological-simulation-dark-matter/20028/">Largest-ever cosmological simulation to shed new light on dark matter </a></h2> <div class="summary_details_left"> <p>By <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/author/jan-belezina/">Jan Belezina</a></p> <p><em>00:17 October 4, 2011</em></p> </div> <div class="summary_details_right"> <p><img src="/web/20111006125622im_/http://www.gizmag.com/images/icons/splashyIcons/comments.png" alt=""/> <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/bolshoi-cosmological-simulation-dark-matter/20028/#comments">4 Comments</a> </p> <p><img src="/web/20111006125622im_/http://www.gizmag.com/images/icons/splashyIcons/image_modernist.png" alt=""/> <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/bolshoi-cosmological-simulation-dark-matter/20028/picture/143865/">7 Pictures</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <center><a class="noback" href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/bolshoi-cosmological-simulation-dark-matter/20028/"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006125622im_/http://images.gizmag.com/hero/bolshoiimages1-9.jpg" title="A high resolution slice of the whole 250Mpc box of Bolshoi (Made by Stefan Gottlober (AIP)..." alt="A high resolution slice of the whole 250Mpc box of Bolshoi (Made by Stefan Gottlober (AIP)..."/></a></center> <div class="summary"> <p>The Bolshoi cosmological simulation is by far the most ambitious project of its kind. It harnesses the power of supercomputing to bring cosmology into the realm of experimental sciences. Based on observable input data, the Bolshoi simulation allows scientists to see what the higher structure of our universe might have looked like at particular points in time throughout its formation, arming them with tools that should make cracking the mysteries of dark matter, dark energy and galaxy formation much more feasible. <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/bolshoi-cosmological-simulation-dark-matter/20028/">Read More</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="summary_item "> <div class="summary_details"> <div class="sd_top"> </div> <div class="clear_both"> <h2><a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/stem-cell-aging-process-reversed/19984/">Researchers reverse the aging process for human adult stem cells</a></h2> <div class="summary_details_left"> <p>By <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/author/ben-coxworth/">Ben Coxworth</a></p> <p><em>15:06 September 28, 2011</em></p> </div> <div class="summary_details_right"> <p><img src="/web/20111006125622im_/http://www.gizmag.com/images/icons/splashyIcons/comments.png" alt=""/> <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/stem-cell-aging-process-reversed/19984/#comments">8 Comments</a> </p> <p></p> </div> </div> </div> <center><a class="noback" href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/stem-cell-aging-process-reversed/19984/"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006125622im_/http://images.gizmag.com/hero/stemcellaging.png" title="Scientists have reversed the aging process in human adult stem cells, which are in turn re..." alt="Scientists have reversed the aging process in human adult stem cells, which are in turn re..."/></a></center> <div class="summary"> <p>By now, most people are probably aware of the therapeutic value of stem cells, as they can become any other type of cell in the human body. One of their main duties, in fact, is to replace those other cells as they degrade. Once people reach an advanced age, however, even the stem cells themselves start to get old and nonfunctional - when the cells that are supposed to replace the <em>other</em> cells can't do their job anymore, age-related tissue problems start occurring. A team of researchers from the Buck Institute for Research on Aging in collaboration with the Georgia Institute of Technology, however, may be on the way to solving that problem. They have succeeded in reversing the aging process in human adult stem cells. <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/stem-cell-aging-process-reversed/19984/">Read More</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="summary_item "> <div class="summary_details"> <div class="sd_top"> </div> <div class="clear_both"> <h2><a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/rat-receives-artificial-cerebellum/19982/">Rat receives functioning artificial cerebellum</a></h2> <div class="summary_details_left"> <p>By <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/author/ben-coxworth/">Ben Coxworth</a></p> <p><em>13:13 September 28, 2011</em></p> </div> <div class="summary_details_right"> <p><img src="/web/20111006125622im_/http://www.gizmag.com/images/icons/splashyIcons/comments.png" alt=""/> <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/rat-receives-artificial-cerebellum/19982/#comments">1 Comment</a> </p> <p><img src="/web/20111006125622im_/http://www.gizmag.com/images/icons/splashyIcons/image_modernist.png" alt=""/> <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/rat-receives-artificial-cerebellum/19982/picture/143660/">2 Pictures</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <center><a class="noback" href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/rat-receives-artificial-cerebellum/19982/"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006125622im_/http://images.gizmag.com/hero/ratcerebellum.jpg" title="Scientists have successfully replaced a rat's cerebellum with a chip programmed to perform..." alt="Scientists have successfully replaced a rat's cerebellum with a chip programmed to perform..."/></a></center> <div class="summary"> <p>Two years ago, the director of Switzerland&#8217;s <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/ted-2009-artificial-brain/12362/" target="_blank">Blue Brain Project</a> predicted that an artificial human brain would be possible within ten years. Since then, we <em>have</em> seen examples of <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/researchers-create-artificial-synapse/18482/" target="_blank">artificial synapses</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/artificial-dna-neural-network/19308/" target="_blank">neural networks</a>. In the latest step towards man-made brains, however, scientists from Israel&#8217;s Tel Aviv University have restored brain function to a rat by replacing its disabled cerebellum with one that they created. <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/rat-receives-artificial-cerebellum/19982/">Read More</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="summary_item "> <div class="summary_details"> <div class="sd_top"> </div> <div class="clear_both"> <h2><a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/gold-nanowires-heart-patch/19967/">Gold nanowires used in promising new heart patches</a></h2> <div class="summary_details_left"> <p>By <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/author/ben-coxworth/">Ben Coxworth</a></p> <p><em>15:03 September 27, 2011</em></p> </div> <div class="summary_details_right"> <p><img src="/web/20111006125622im_/http://www.gizmag.com/images/icons/splashyIcons/comments.png" alt=""/> <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/gold-nanowires-heart-patch/19967/#comments">1 Comment</a> </p> <p><img src="/web/20111006125622im_/http://www.gizmag.com/images/icons/splashyIcons/image_modernist.png" alt=""/> <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/gold-nanowires-heart-patch/19967/picture/143545/">2 Pictures</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <center><a class="noback" href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/gold-nanowires-heart-patch/19967/"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006125622im_/http://images.gizmag.com/hero/nanowirepatches.jpg" title="A scanning electron microscope image of the nanowire-alginate composite scaffolds, showing..." alt="A scanning electron microscope image of the nanowire-alginate composite scaffolds, showing..."/></a></center> <div class="summary"> <p>Around the world, scientists have been working on ways of replacing the heart tissue that dies when a heart attack occurs. These efforts have resulted in heart "patches" that are made from <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/heart-patch/13096/" target="_blank">actual cardiomyocytes</a> (heart muscle cells), or that encourage surrounding heart cells to <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/nanopatch-regenerates-heart-cells/18689/" target="_blank">grow into them</a>. One problem with some such patches, however, lies in the fact that that they consist of cardiomyocytes set within a scaffolding of poorly-conductive materials. This means that they are insulated from the electrical signals sent out by the heart, so they don't expand and contract as the heart beats. Scientists at MIT, however, may be on the way to a solution. <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/gold-nanowires-heart-patch/19967/">Read More</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="summary_item "> <div class="summary_details"> <div class="sd_top"> </div> <div class="clear_both"> <h2><a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/clump-free-copper-nanowires/19961/">Copper nanowires could mean cheaper touch screens, solar cells and foldable electronics</a></h2> <div class="summary_details_left"> <p>By <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/author/darren-quick/">Darren Quick</a></p> <p><em>04:49 September 27, 2011</em></p> </div> <div class="summary_details_right"> <p></p> <p></p> </div> </div> </div> <center><a class="noback" href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/clump-free-copper-nanowires/19961/"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006125622im_/http://images.gizmag.com/hero/copper-nanowire.jpg" title="A new flexible film made of copper nanowires and plastic conducts electricity illuminating..." alt="A new flexible film made of copper nanowires and plastic conducts electricity illuminating..."/></a></center> <div class="summary"> <p>In June of last year we reported on the success by researchers at Duke University in developing a technique capable of <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/flexible-displays-solar-cells-cheap-copper-nanowire/15283/" target="_blank">producing copper nanowires</a> at a scale that could make them a potential replacement for rare and expensive indium tin oxide (ITO) in touch screens and solar panels. However, the water-based production process resulted in the copper nanowires clumping, which reduced their transparency and prevented the copper from oxidizing, which decreases their conductivity. The researchers have now solved the clumping problem and say that copper nanowires could be appearing in cheaper touch screens, solar cells and flexible electronics in the next few years. <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/clump-free-copper-nanowires/19961/">Read More</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="summary_item "> <div class="summary_details"> <div class="sd_top"> </div> <div class="clear_both"> <h2><a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/squid-proton-conducting-transistor/19919/">Squids provide active ingredient for transistor that may communicate with living systems</a></h2> <div class="summary_details_left"> <p>By <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/author/ben-coxworth/">Ben Coxworth</a></p> <p><em>13:22 September 22, 2011</em></p> </div> <div class="summary_details_right"> <p><img src="/web/20111006125622im_/http://www.gizmag.com/images/icons/splashyIcons/comments.png" alt=""/> <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/squid-proton-conducting-transistor/19919/#comments">3 Comments</a> </p> <p><img src="/web/20111006125622im_/http://www.gizmag.com/images/icons/splashyIcons/image_modernist.png" alt=""/> <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/squid-proton-conducting-transistor/19919/picture/143253/">2 Pictures</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <center><a class="noback" href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/squid-proton-conducting-transistor/19919/"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006125622im_/http://images.gizmag.com/hero/squid.jpg" title="Squids have provided the key ingredient for a proton-conducting transistor, that may allow..." alt="Squids have provided the key ingredient for a proton-conducting transistor, that may allow..."/></a></center> <div class="summary"> <p>When it comes to sending and receiving information, man-made devices utilize negatively-charged particles commonly known as electrons. Biological systems such as human bodies, on the other hand, use protons via positively charged hydrogen atoms or ions. This would indicate that there is something of a language barrier, when we try to develop electronic devices that can communicate with living systems. That barrier could be on its way down, however, as scientists from the University of Washington have developed a transistor that can conduct pulses of protons - and they've done it with some help from our friends the cephalopods. <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/squid-proton-conducting-transistor/19919/">Read More</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="summary_item "> <div class="summary_details"> <div class="sd_top"> </div> <div class="clear_both"> <h2><a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/light-activated-heart-cells-created/19905/">Light-activated human heart cells could be used with light-emitting pacemakers</a></h2> <div class="summary_details_left"> <p>By <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/author/ben-coxworth/">Ben Coxworth</a></p> <p><em>14:37 September 21, 2011</em></p> </div> <div class="summary_details_right"> <p><img src="/web/20111006125622im_/http://www.gizmag.com/images/icons/splashyIcons/comments.png" alt=""/> <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/light-activated-heart-cells-created/19905/#comments">2 Comments</a> </p> <p></p> </div> </div> </div> <center><a class="noback" href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/light-activated-heart-cells-created/19905/"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006125622im_/http://images.gizmag.com/hero/optogeneticheartcells-1.jpg" title="Scientists at Stanford University have created heart cells that contract when exposed to l..." alt="Scientists at Stanford University have created heart cells that contract when exposed to l..."/></a></center> <div class="summary"> <p>Working their way towards energy-efficient pacemakers that use light pulses to control the beating of the heart, scientists at New York's Stony Brook University recently developed <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/light-controlled-pacemakers/19615/" target="_blank">optogenetic heart tissue</a> &#8211; it contracts when exposed to light. More specifically, they took donor cells that had been modified to respond to light, and <em>coupled</em> them to conventional heart cells. A team from California&#8217;s Stanford University, however, has now created actual optogenetic heart cells. <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/light-activated-heart-cells-created/19905/">Read More</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="summary_item "> <div class="summary_details"> <div class="sd_top"> </div> <div class="clear_both"> <h2><a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/electrical-brain-stimulation/19899/">Boosting brain power with electrical stimulation</a></h2> <div class="summary_details_left"> <p>By <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/author/darren-quick/">Darren Quick</a></p> <p><em>05:05 September 21, 2011</em></p> </div> <div class="summary_details_right"> <p><img src="/web/20111006125622im_/http://www.gizmag.com/images/icons/splashyIcons/comments.png" alt=""/> <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/electrical-brain-stimulation/19899/#comments">4 Comments</a> </p> <p></p> </div> </div> </div> <center><a class="noback" href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/electrical-brain-stimulation/19899/"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006125622im_/http://images.gizmag.com/hero/mice-brain.jpg" title="DBS mice (S) spent a greater amount of time (indicated in red) swimming near a submerged l..." alt="DBS mice (S) spent a greater amount of time (indicated in red) swimming near a submerged l..."/></a></center> <div class="summary"> <p>With the possible exception of those affected by hyperthylmesia &#8211; a rare condition where a person has an extraordinary capability to recall events from their past - most of us wouldn&#8217;t mind having our memory enhanced. That&#8217;s just what appears to have happened to a group of mice when targeted areas of their brains were electrically stimulated. The treatment triggered an increase in the creation of new cells in the hippocampus, with experiment results suggesting the mice&#8217;s spatial learning improved. The researchers responsible say the results could have implications for the treatment of memory disorders in humans. <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/electrical-brain-stimulation/19899/">Read More</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="summary_item "> <div class="summary_details"> <div class="sd_top"> </div> <div class="clear_both"> <h2><a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/room-temperature-hydrogen-storage/19894/">Research demonstrates that activated carbon could store hydrogen at room temperature</a></h2> <div class="summary_details_left"> <p>By <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/author/darren-quick/">Darren Quick</a></p> <p><em>22:17 September 20, 2011</em></p> </div> <div class="summary_details_right"> <p><img src="/web/20111006125622im_/http://www.gizmag.com/images/icons/splashyIcons/comments.png" alt=""/> <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/room-temperature-hydrogen-storage/19894/#comments">7 Comments</a> </p> <p><img src="/web/20111006125622im_/http://www.gizmag.com/images/icons/splashyIcons/image_modernist.png" alt=""/> <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/room-temperature-hydrogen-storage/19894/picture/143094/">2 Pictures</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <center><a class="noback" href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/room-temperature-hydrogen-storage/19894/"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006125622im_/http://images.gizmag.com/hero/carbon-hydrogen-storage.jpg" title="An MIT-led research team used inelastic neutron scattering to demonstrate that hydrogen at..." alt="An MIT-led research team used inelastic neutron scattering to demonstrate that hydrogen at..."/></a></center> <div class="summary"> <p>With hydrogen atoms consisting of just a single electron and single proton, its gaseous form made up of two hydrogen atoms can be hard to contain. Hydrogen storage, along with <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/producing-hydrogen-from-wastewater/19884/" target="_blank">hydrogen production</a> and the lack of infrastructure, remains a major stumbling block in efforts to usher in hydrogen as a replacement for hydrocarbon-based fuels in cars, trucks and even homes. But with the multiple advantages hydrogen offers, developing hydrogen storage solutions has been the focus of a great deal of research. Now an MIT-led research team has demonstrated a method that could allow hydrogen to be stored inexpensively at room temperature. <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/room-temperature-hydrogen-storage/19894/">Read More</a> </p> </div> </div> <center class="snap_noshots"> <div class="next_prev"><strong> <span>1</span> <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/researchwatch/2/">2</a> <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/researchwatch/3/">3</a> <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/researchwatch/4/">4</a> <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/researchwatch/5/">5</a> <a href="/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/researchwatch/2/">Next </a> &#187; </strong></div> </center> <div class="dotsontop"> <!-- Google Search Box --> <div id="search_form_bottom"> <form action="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006125622/http://www.gizmag.com/search/" id="cse-search-box-bottom"> <span class="title">Looking for something? 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