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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#体育"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 体育 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-体育-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-教育和卫生" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#教育和卫生"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 教育和卫生 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-教育和卫生-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 参考资料 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-扩展阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#扩展阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 扩展阅读 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-扩展阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 外部链接 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">卢旺达</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。242种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-242" aria-hidden="true" > 242种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – 阿布哈西亚语" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 亚齐语" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亚齐语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A9%E1%8B%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B3" title="ሩዋንዳ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሩዋንዳ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwanda" title="Ruwanda – 奥博洛语" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Ruwanda" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="奥博洛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रवांडा – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रवांडा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="رواندا – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رواندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="رواندا – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="رواندا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="رواندا – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رواندا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 科塔瓦文" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="科塔瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="رواندا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رواندا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रवांडा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रवांडा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 比斯拉马语" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="比斯拉马语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 班亞爾文" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="班亞爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 班巴拉语" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="班巴拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE" title="রুয়ান্ডা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রুয়ান্ডা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9D%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BC%8D" title="རུ་ཝན་ཌ། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རུ་ཝན་ཌ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE" title="রুয়ান্ডা – 比什奴普萊利亞文" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="রুয়ান্ডা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="比什奴普萊利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="ڕواندا – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕواندا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 丁卡语" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="丁卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 下索布语" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रुवान्डा – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="रुवान्डा" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%88%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%A7" title="ރުވާންޑާ – 迪维希语" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ރުވާންޑާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪维希语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 埃维语" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="埃维语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Ρουάντα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρουάντα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruando" title="Ruando – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ruando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="رواندا – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رواندا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwannda" title="Ruwannda – 富拉语" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Ruwannda" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="富拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwandat%C3%B2" title="Rwandatò – 丰语" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Rwandatò" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="丰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fɔ̀ngbè</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouanda" title="Rouanda – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Rouanda" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruande" title="Ruande – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Ruande" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BBanda" title="Rûanda – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Rûanda" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 加告兹语" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="加告兹语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubhanda" title="Rubhanda – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Rubhanda" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rru%C3%A1nda" title="Rruánda – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Rruánda" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ghanaian Pidgin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BE" title="રવાંડા – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રવાંડા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooandey" title="Rooandey – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Rooandey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwanda" title="Ruwanda – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ruwanda" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94" title="רואנדה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רואנדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रुआण्डा – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रुआण्डा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1" title="Ռուանդա – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուանդա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAanda" title="Rúanda – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rúanda" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80" title="ルワンダ – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルワンダ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90" title="რუანდა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუანდა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwandaa" title="Ruwandaa – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ruwandaa" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwanda" title="Ruwanda – 卡塔布语" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ruwanda" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 刚果语" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="刚果语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 吉库尤语" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="吉库尤语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1" title="ರುವಾಂಡ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರುವಾಂಡ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yerwa Kanuri</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A5%B4%EC%99%84%EB%8B%A4" title="르완다 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="르완다" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – 科米-彼尔米亚克语" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="科米-彼尔米亚克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 卢干达语" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="卢干达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 拉定语" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="拉定语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 伦巴第语" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="伦巴第语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roanda" title="Roanda – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Roanda" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%81wana" title="Rāwana – 毛利语" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rāwana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F" title="റുവാണ്ട – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റുവാണ്ട" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯔꯋꯥꯟꯗꯥ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯔꯋꯥꯟꯗꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="ऱ्वांडा – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ऱ्वांडा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – 西馬里文" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="西馬里文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%9D%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ရဝမ်ဒါနိုင်ငံ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရဝမ်ဒါနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="روآندا – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="روآندا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रुवान्डा – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रुवान्डा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रुवान्डा – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रुवान्डा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 北索托语" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="北索托语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwaandaa" title="Ruwaandaa – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Ruwaandaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BE" title="ରୁଆଣ୍ଡା – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ରୁଆଣ୍ଡା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%C3%A6" title="Руандæ – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Руандæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE" title="ਰਵਾਂਡਾ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਵਾਂਡਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 尼日利亚皮钦语" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="尼日利亚皮钦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Naijá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रवाण्डा – 巴利语" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="रवाण्डा" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="巴利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%D8%A7" title="روانڈا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روانڈا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DA%89%D8%A7" title="رونډا – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="رونډا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwantha" title="Ruwantha – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ruwantha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urwanda" title="Urwanda – 隆迪语" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Urwanda" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="隆迪语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Рванда – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Рванда" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 卢旺达语" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="卢旺达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रवाण्डा – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रवाण्डा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱱᱰᱟ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱱᱰᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanna" title="Ruanna – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ruanna" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%8A%D8%A7" title="روانڊا – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="روانڊا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruand%C3%A4a" title="Ruandäa – 桑戈语" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Ruandäa" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="桑戈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%9D%E1%81%A2%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%82%83%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းရဝၢၼ်းတႃႇ – 掸语" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းရဝၢၼ်းတႃႇ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="掸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">တႆး</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="රුවන්ඩාව – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රුවන්ඩාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 萨摩亚语" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="萨摩亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 伊纳里萨米语" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊纳里萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwanda" title="Ruwanda – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ruwanda" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRuwanda" title="IRuwanda – 斯瓦蒂语" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IRuwanda" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="斯瓦蒂语" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 南索托语" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="南索托语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE" title="உருவாண்டா – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உருவாண்டா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE" title="రువాండా – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రువాండా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2" title="ประเทศรวันดา – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศรวันดา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A9%E1%8B%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B3" title="ሩዋንዳ – 提格利尼亚语" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ሩዋንዳ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="提格利尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 赛德克语" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="赛德克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 聪加语" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="聪加语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 通布卡语" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="通布卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – 乌德穆尔特语" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="乌德穆尔特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8B%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="رۋاندا – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="رۋاندا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%D8%A7" title="روانڈا – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="روانڈا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruand" title="Ruand – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ruand" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruand%C3%A4n" title="Ruandän – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Ruandän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwandaa" title="Ruwandaa – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Ruwandaa" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE" title="卢旺达 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卢旺达" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90" title="რუანდა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რუანდა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A2" title="רוואנדע – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רוואנדע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%A1%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B7%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵔⵡⴰⵏⴷⴰ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵔⵡⴰⵏⴷⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%97%BA%E9%81%94" title="盧旺達 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="盧旺達" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a 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.geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&params=1_56_25_S_29_52_26_E_type:country_region:RW_dim:300km">1°56′25″S 29°52′26″E / 1.94028°S 29.87389°E / -1.94028; 29.87389</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-f0bf4a5" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a>此条目的主題是非洲國家。关于安哥拉首都，請見「<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%AE%89%E9%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="羅安達">羅安達</a>」。</div> <div id="noteTA-f0bf4a5" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="地名"></div></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:通过; zh-tw:透過; zh-hk:通過;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:卡加梅;zh-hant:卡加梅;zh-tw:卡加米;"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) 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.mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">盧安達共和國</div><div class="ib-country-names"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Repubulika y'u Rwanda（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="卢旺达语">盧安達語</a>）</li><li>République du Rwanda（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="法語">法語</a>）</li><li>Republic of Rwanda（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>）</li></ul></div>Jamhuri ya Rwanda（<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B8%8C%E9%87%8C%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="斯瓦希里語">斯瓦希里語</a>）</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; padding:0 2px 0 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Rwanda.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="盧安達国旗"><img alt="盧安達国旗" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/125px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/188px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/250px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97" class="mw-redirect" title="卢旺达国旗">国旗</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; padding:0 5px 0 2px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="盧安達国徽"><img alt="盧安達国徽" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="732" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E5%9B%BD%E5%BE%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="卢旺达国徽"> 国徽</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">格言："Ubumwe, Umurimo, Gukunda Igihugu" “团结，工作，爱国心”</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem" style="">国歌： 《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E4%B8%BD%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE" title="美丽的卢旺达">美麗的盧安達</a>》 [Rwanda nziza] 错误：{{Lang}}：文本有斜体标记（<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang%E5%92%8Clang-xx%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF" title="Category:Lang和lang-xx模板错误">帮助</a>） <center><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="139" data-mwtitle="Hymne_National_du_Rwanda.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/Hymne_National_du_Rwanda.ogg/Hymne_National_du_Rwanda.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Hymne_National_du_Rwanda.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHymne_National_du_Rwanda.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English‪（en）‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHymne_National_du_Rwanda.ogg&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體）‪（zh-hant）‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></center></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/File:Location_Rwanda_AU_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="卢旺达的位置（深蓝） – 非洲（浅蓝及深灰） – 非盟（浅蓝）"><img alt="卢旺达的位置（深蓝） – 非洲（浅蓝及深灰） – 非盟（浅蓝）" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Location_Rwanda_AU_Africa.svg/250px-Location_Rwanda_AU_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Location_Rwanda_AU_Africa.svg/375px-Location_Rwanda_AU_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Location_Rwanda_AU_Africa.svg/500px-Location_Rwanda_AU_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1300" /></a><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><div style="text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;{{{padding}}}"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">卢旺达</a>的位置（深蓝）– <a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a>（浅蓝及深灰） – <a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="非盟">非盟</a>（浅蓝）</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">首都<div class="ib-country-largest">暨最大城市</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="基加利">基加利</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&params=1_56_38_S_30_3_34_E_type:city">1°56′38″S 30°3′34″E / 1.94389°S 30.05944°E / -1.94389; 30.05944</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">官方语言</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="卢旺达语">盧安達語</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语">法语</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B8%8C%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="斯瓦希里语">斯瓦希里语</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F%E7%BE%A4" title="族群">族群</a><div class="ib-country-ethnic"></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>84% <a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%9B%BE%E6%97%8F" title="胡图族">胡图族</a></li><li>15% <a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%8F" title="图西族">图西族</a></li><li>1% <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E7%93%A6%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="特瓦族">特瓦族</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">宗教<div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="基督宗教">基督宗教</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">政府</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%80%E5%88%B6" title="单一制">单一制</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6" title="半总统制">半总统制</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%88%B6" title="共和制">共和制</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="卢旺达总统">总统</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%8A%A0%E6%A2%85" title="保罗·卡加梅">保罗·卡加梅</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="卢旺达总理">总理</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF%C2%B7%E6%81%A9%E5%90%89%E5%80%AB%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="愛德華·恩吉倫特（页面不存在）">愛德華·恩吉倫特</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">立法机构</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="卢旺达议会">议会</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="上议院">上议院</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E5%8F%82%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卢旺达参议院（页面不存在）">参议院</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="下议院">下议院</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E4%BC%97%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卢旺达众议院（页面不存在）">众议院</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="独立运动">独立</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%94%E4%BB%BB%E7%B5%B1%E6%B2%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="委任統治">托管</a>结束 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1962年7月1日</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E5%AE%89%E9%81%94%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="盧安達地理">面积</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 总计</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">26,338平方公里（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="世界各国和地区面积列表">第145名</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 水域率</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">5.3%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="">人口</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2024年估计</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">13,623,302 <a href="#cite_note-RW-1">[1]</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国家和地区人口列表">76th</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2012年普查</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">10,515,973</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 密度</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">517人/平方公里</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC" title="国内生产总值">GDP</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%AD%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%B7" title="购买力平价">PPP</a>）</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2022年估计</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 总计</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">372.11亿<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEORW-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 人均</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2,807美元<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEORW-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC" title="国内生产总值">GDP</a>（国际汇率）</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2022年估计</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 总计</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">120.60亿美元<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEORW-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 人均</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">909美元<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEORW-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%BC%E7%B3%BB%E6%95%B0" title="基尼系数">基尼系数</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">0.508<a href="#cite_note-wb-gini-3">[3]</a>（2011年） <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732967">html:not(.skin-theme-clientpref-night) .mw-parser-output .ifdarkmode>.isdarkmode{display:none}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ifdarkmode>.nodarkmode{display:none}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ifdarkmode>.nodarkmode{display:none}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83933911">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>高<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911" />高</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0" title="人类发展指数">人类发展指数</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">▲ 0.548<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a>（2022年） <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732967" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911" />低<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911" />低 · <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各國人類發展指數列表">第161名</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">货币</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E6%B3%95%E9%83%8E" title="卢旺达法郎">卢旺达法郎</a>（<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">RWF</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">时区</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8F%E8%B0%83%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%97%B6" title="协调世界时">UTC</a>+2（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%9D%9E%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" title="中非時間">CAT</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6" title="夏时制">夏令时</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8F%E8%B0%83%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%97%B6" title="协调世界时">UTC</a>+2（不使用）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF%E9%80%9A%E8%A1%8C%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91" title="道路通行方向">行驶方位</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">靠右行驶</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">电话区号</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">+250</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166码</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:RW" title="ISO 3166-2:RW">RW</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E9%A0%82%E7%B4%9A%E5%9F%9F" title="國家和地區頂級域">互联网顶级域</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/.rw" title=".rw">.rw</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><div class="ib-country-website">网站 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.rw/">www.gov.rw</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1037#P856" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> 卢旺达共和国（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="卢旺达语">盧安達語</a>：Repubulika y'u Rwanda，法語：République du Rwanda，英語：Republic of Rwanda，<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B8%8C%E9%87%8C%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="斯瓦希里語">斯瓦希里語</a>：Jamhuri ya Rwanda），通称卢旺达，是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="中部非洲">中非</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%83%A8%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="东部非洲">东部</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%9D%83%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="主权国家">主权国家</a>，坐落在<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93" title="赤道">赤道</a>以南，与<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B9%B2%E8%BE%BE" title="乌干达">乌干达</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E6%A1%91%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="坦桑尼亚">坦桑尼亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%9A%86%E8%BF%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="布隆迪">布隆迪</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="刚果民主共和国">刚果民主共和国</a>接壤。卢旺达地处<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B9%96%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="大湖地区">大湖地区</a>，海拔较高，地理上以西部的山区和东部的<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="熱帶草原">热带草原</a>为主，全国各地分布有多个湖泊。该国属温带到亚热带气候，每年有两个雨季和两个旱季。 卢旺达的人口主要居住在农村地区，以年轻人为主，密度在非洲国家中位居前列。卢旺达人主要分为三个族群：<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%9B%BE%E6%97%8F" title="胡图族">胡图族</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%8F" title="图西族">图西族</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E7%93%A6%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="特瓦族">特瓦族</a>。其中特瓦族是该国生活在森林中的最早居民<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%BE%E6%A0%BC%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%BA" title="俾格米人">俾格米人</a>的后代，而在胡图族和图西族的起源上学术界尚未有一致結論，一些学者认为他们是由以前的种族社会衍生，另一部分学者则认为他们分别是从不同的种族和部落迁移过来。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>是该国第一大<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a>，主要语言是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="卢旺达语">卢旺达语</a>，与<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语">法语</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>並列為该国的官方语言。卢旺达实行<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6" title="总统制">总统制</a>政府，现任总统是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B5%E7%BA%BF" title="卢旺达爱国阵线">卢旺达爱国阵线</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%8A%A0%E6%A2%85" title="保罗·卡加梅">保罗·卡加梅</a>，于2000年上任。与邻国相比，如今的卢旺达贪污腐败的程度较低，不过人权组织报告称该国的反对派团体受到压制、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%80%E8%AE%BA%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="言论自由">言论自由</a>也遭到恐吓和限制。该国自前殖民时期以来就一直由严格的行政级别进行管理，全国按2006年划定的边界分成五个<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="卢旺达行政区划">省</a>。此外，卢旺达的女性国会议员比例为世界最高。 卢旺达自<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="石器时代">石器</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="铁器时代">铁器时代</a>就有人口在此<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5%E6%8E%A1%E9%9B%86" title="狩獵採集">狩猎采集</a>，之后又有<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="班图人">班图人</a>迁入。这些人口起初聚集成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%8F%E6%97%8F" title="氏族">氏族</a>社会，之后形成王国。18世纪中期，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卢旺达王国（页面不存在）">卢旺达王国</a>开始统治这片土地，图西族国王征服了其他民族，集中权力，后来还制定了反胡图族的政策。1884年，德国开始对<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B1%AC%E6%9D%B1%E9%9D%9E" title="德屬東非">东非</a>实行殖民统治，卢旺达也相应成为<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="德国殖民地">德国殖民地</a>，之后又在1916年<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第一次世界大战">一战</a>期间成为<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="比利時殖民地">比利时殖民地</a>。这两个欧洲国家都是通过卢旺达国王来统治该国，并延续其亲图西族政策。1959年，胡图族起兵造反，屠杀了大量图西族人，最终在1962年建立了一个以胡图族人占主导地位的独立国家。1990年，图西族领导的卢旺达爱国阵线发起<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E5%86%85%E6%88%98" title="卢旺达内战">内战</a>，随之而来的是1994年的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="卢旺达大屠杀">种族灭绝</a>，估计受胡图族极端分子屠杀的图西族人與温和派胡图族人有50至100万。最终卢旺达爱国阵线取得了军事上的胜利，这场种族灭绝才相应中止。 卢旺达的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="经济">经济</a>在1994年的大屠杀期间受到重创，不过此后得以复苏。国家经济主要依靠<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" title="自給農業">自给农业</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="咖啡">咖啡</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E5%8F%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="茶叶">茶叶</a>是主要的出口经济作物。该国<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8%E4%B8%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="旅游业">旅游业</a>增长迅速，如今已是占主导地位的外汇收入来源。卢旺达是仅有的两个能够安全看到<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0%E5%A4%A7%E7%8C%A9%E7%8C%A9" title="山地大猩猩">山地大猩猩</a>的国家之一，许多游客都愿意为获得大猩猩的追踪许可支付高价。音乐和舞蹈是该国文化的重要组成部分，特别是鼓乐和一种名为“intore”的民族舞蹈。全国各地都有传统工艺品制作，其中包括一种名为“imigongo”，使用<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E7%B3%9E" title="牛糞">牛粪</a>制作的独特艺术品。 <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史">历史</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rwanda_Nyanza_Mwami_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Rwanda_Nyanza_Mwami_Palace.jpg/250px-Rwanda_Nyanza_Mwami_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Rwanda_Nyanza_Mwami_Palace.jpg/330px-Rwanda_Nyanza_Mwami_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Rwanda_Nyanza_Mwami_Palace.jpg/500px-Rwanda_Nyanza_Mwami_Palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>位于<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E5%BB%B6%E6%89%8E" title="恩延扎">恩延扎</a>的一幢再造的卢旺达国王宫殿</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="卢旺达历史">卢旺达历史</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B1%AC%E6%9D%B1%E9%9D%9E" title="德屬東非">德屬東非</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E5%AE%89%E9%81%94-%E7%83%8F%E9%9A%86%E5%9C%B0" title="盧安達-烏隆地">盧安達-烏隆地</a></div> 现代人类定居如今卢旺达所在地的日期可以追溯到<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AB%E6%AC%A1%E5%86%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="末次冰期">末次冰期</a>或是约公元前8000年的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="新石器时代">新石器时代</a>，还可能是其后公元前约3000年的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%9A%E9%9B%A8%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新石器亚雨期（页面不存在）">漫长潮湿时期</a><a href="#cite_note-Chrétien_2003-5">[5]</a>:44。考古发掘获得的证据表明，<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="石器时代">石器时代</a>后期就有稀疏的人口定居在此<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5%E6%8E%A1%E9%9B%86" title="狩獵採集">狩猎采集</a>，随后的<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="铁器时代">铁器时代</a>早期又有了更多定居者，他们制作有波纹<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E5%99%A8" title="陶器">陶器</a>和铁制工具<a href="#cite_note-Dorsey_1994-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chrétien_2003-5">[5]</a>:45。这些早期居民正是如今生活在卢旺达的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E7%93%A6%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="特瓦族">特瓦族</a>以及仍然按狩猎采集方式生活的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%BE%E6%A0%BC%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%BA" title="俾格米人">俾格米人</a>原住民的祖先<a href="#cite_note-Mamdani_2002-7">[7]</a>:61。公元前700年到公元1500年间，一些<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="班图人">班图人</a>群体迁入卢旺达，毁林开荒种植农作物<a href="#cite_note-Chrétien_2003-5">[5]</a>:58<a href="#cite_note-Mamdani_2002-7">[7]</a>:61。居住在森林中的特瓦族失去了大部分栖息地，于是迁往山坡地区<a href="#cite_note-King_2007-8">[8]</a>:75。对于班图人迁入卢旺达的原因，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="历史学家">历史学家</a>有多种不同看法，一种认为首批定居者是<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%9B%BE%E6%97%8F" title="胡图族">胡图族</a>，而<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%8F" title="图西族">图西族</a>是之后从另一个种族群体迁移过来，这个种族群体有可能是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E5%B8%8C%E7%89%B9%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="庫希特語族">库希特语族</a><a href="#cite_note-Prunier_1995-9">[9]</a>:16。另一种理论认为迁移是以缓慢的步调持续进行，新进的族群融入了原有群体，而非将其征服<a href="#cite_note-Mamdani_2002-7">[7]</a>:58, 61。根据第二种理论，胡图族和图西族之后出现的区别就属于等级而非种族性的差别<a href="#cite_note-Chrétien_2003-5">[5]</a>:69<a href="#cite_note-Shyaka-10">[10]</a>。 <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%8F%E6%97%8F" title="氏族">氏族</a>（当地人称“ubwoko”）是这片土地上最早形成的社会组织形式<a href="#cite_note-Chrétien_2003-5">[5]</a>:88。大湖地区存在多个氏族，其中在如今卢旺达境内生活的就有约20个<a href="#cite_note-Chrétien_2003-5">[5]</a>:88-89。氏族并不仅限于家谱谱系或地域区分，其中大部分都包括有胡图族、图西族和特瓦族人<a href="#cite_note-Chrétien_2003-5">[5]</a>:88-89。氏族从15世纪开始聚结成王国<a href="#cite_note-Chrétien_2003-5">[5]</a>:141，到1700年时，如今的卢旺达境内一共有8个王国<a href="#cite_note-Chrétien_2003-5">[5]</a>:482。其中由图西族“Nyiginya”氏族统治的卢旺达王国从18世纪中期开始逐渐壮大<a href="#cite_note-Chrétien_2003-5">[5]</a>:160，到19世纪时已在国王<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基加利四世（页面不存在）">基加利四世</a>的统治下达到巅峰。基加利四世征服了多个小国，将自己的王国向西面和北面延伸<a href="#cite_note-Mamdani_2002-7">[7]</a>:69<a href="#cite_note-Chrétien_2003-5">[5]</a>:160，还发起了多项行政改革，例如在名为“ubuhake”的社会秩序下，图西族可以放弃黄牛来获得特权地位，换取经济和个人服务<a href="#cite_note-Prunier_1995-9">[9]</a>:13-14，还有一种名为“uburetwa”的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AD%E5%BD%B9" title="徭役">徭役</a>制度，强迫胡图族为图西族酋长工作<a href="#cite_note-Mamdani_2002-7">[7]</a>:69。基加利四世的改革导致胡图族和图西族之间的裂缝不断加大<a href="#cite_note-Mamdani_2002-7">[7]</a>:69。特瓦族的生活则相对来说比组建王国前要好，一些人成为宫廷中的舞者<a href="#cite_note-King_2007-8">[8]</a>:75，但其人数则在不断下降<a href="#cite_note-Prunier_1995-9">[9]</a>:6。 <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Rwanda_(1961%E2%80%932001).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_Rwanda_%281961%E2%80%932001%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Rwanda_%281961%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_Rwanda_%281961%E2%80%932001%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_Rwanda_%281961%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_Rwanda_%281961%E2%80%932001%29.svg/500px-Flag_of_Rwanda_%281961%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>1962至2001年间的卢旺达国旗</figcaption></figure> 1884年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97%E8%A5%BF%E9%9D%9E%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="柏林西非会议">柏林西非会议</a>将这片领地作为<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B1%AC%E6%9D%B1%E9%9D%9E" title="德屬東非">德属东非</a>的一部分划归<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="德意志帝国">德意志帝国</a>，标志着卢旺达殖民时代的开始。1894年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%B2%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古斯塔夫·阿道夫·冯·格岑（页面不存在）">古斯塔夫·阿道夫·冯·格岑</a>（Gustav Adolf von Götzen）成为首位对该国进行过大规模探索的欧洲探险家，他从东南方向越过基伍湖并得到国王的接见<a href="#cite_note-Chrétien_2003-5">[5]</a>:217<a href="#cite_note-Prunier_1995-9">[9]</a>:9。德国人接下来没有大幅改变卢旺达王国的社会结构，而是通过支持国王并把权力下放给各地方酋长来产生影响<a href="#cite_note-Prunier_1995-9">[9]</a>:25。<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第一次世界大战">第一次世界大战</a>後，德國戰敗，<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="比利時殖民地">比利时</a>获得了卢旺达和布隆迪地区的控制权，开始对这里实行更加直接的殖民统治<a href="#cite_note-Chrétien_2003-5">[5]</a>:260。在比利时的统治下，权力结构有所简化并且更加集中<a href="#cite_note-Chrétien_2003-5">[5]</a>:270，还新增了涉及<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="教育">教育</a>、卫生、公共建设和农业监查之类的大型项目，其中包括引入新的农作物和改良的农业技术，以求尽量减少出现饥荒的可能性<a href="#cite_note-Chrétien_2003-5">[5]</a>:276-277。德国和比利时的殖民统治都令图西族的霸权有所增强，将图西族和胡图族视为不同的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="人种">种族</a><a href="#cite_note-Appiah-Gates-2010-11">[11]</a>。1935年，比利时引入了新的身份证制度，其上会标明证主是图西族、胡图族、特瓦族或是入籍人士。以前那些特别富裕的胡图族人都还是有着在名誉上成为图西族的可能性，但新的身份证制度则让不同阶层之间不可能再存在任何的变动<a href="#cite_note-Gourevitch-2000-12">[12]</a>:56-57。 <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Juv%C3%A9nal_Habyarimana_(1980).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Juv%C3%A9nal_Habyarimana_%281980%29.jpg/170px-Juv%C3%A9nal_Habyarimana_%281980%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Juv%C3%A9nal_Habyarimana_%281980%29.jpg/255px-Juv%C3%A9nal_Habyarimana_%281980%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Juv%C3%A9nal_Habyarimana_%281980%29.jpg/340px-Juv%C3%A9nal_Habyarimana_%281980%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="916" data-file-height="1287" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E9%9F%A6%E7%BA%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%88%A9%E9%A9%AC%E7%BA%B3" title="朱韦纳尔·哈比亚利马纳">朱韦纳尔·哈比亚利马纳</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第二次世界大战">第二次世界大战</a>结束后，<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a>继续治理成为<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%89%98%E7%AE%A1%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%9F" title="联合国托管领土">联合国托管领土</a>的卢旺达，负责监督其<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E9%9D%9E%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="非洲非殖民化">独立进程</a><a href="#cite_note-United_Nations_(II)-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-United_Nations_(III)-14">[14]</a>。主张早日独立的图西族和胡图族解放运动之间的紧张局势不断升级，最终在1959年的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%97%BA%E9%81%94%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="盧旺達革命">卢旺达革命</a>中达到高潮：胡图族激进分子开始屠杀图西族，迫使超过10万图西族人向周边国家寻求避难<a href="#cite_note-Gourevitch-2000-12">[12]</a>:58-59<a href="#cite_note-Prunier_1995-9">[9]</a>:51。1961年，改站在胡图族一方的比利时人在卢旺达举行了一次全民公投，公投结果废除了<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" title="君主制">君主制</a>。1962年，卢旺达与布隆迪分离并获得独立<a href="#cite_note-Prunier_1995-9">[9]</a>:53。随之而来的则是暴力的循环，流亡邻国的图西族向国内发起进攻，胡图族则以对国内图西族展开大规模屠杀和镇压加以报复<a href="#cite_note-Prunier_1995-9">[9]</a>:56。1973年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E9%9F%A6%E7%BA%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%88%A9%E9%A9%AC%E7%BA%B3" title="朱韦纳尔·哈比亚利马纳">朱韦纳尔·哈比亚利马纳</a>通过<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%8F%98" class="mw-redirect" title="军事政变">军事政变</a>上台。亲胡图族的歧视仍在继续，但国家经济状况已有所改善，针对图西族的暴力活动也相应减少<a href="#cite_note-Prunier_1995-9">[9]</a>:74-76。特瓦族仍然是该国的边缘化群体，到1990年时，他们几乎已完全被政府从树林中驱逐出去，许多人都沦为乞丐<a href="#cite_note-UNPO-2008-15">[15]</a>。同时，卢旺达的人口已从1934年的160万增加到1989年的710万，导致人们开始争夺土地<a href="#cite_note-Prunier_1995-9">[9]</a>:4。 1990年，大部分成员是图西族难民的反叛组织卢旺达爱国阵线从该国北部入侵，引发了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E5%86%85%E6%88%98" title="卢旺达内战">卢旺达内战</a><a href="#cite_note-Prunier_1995-9">[9]</a>:93，任何一方都无法在战争中取得决定性的优势<a href="#cite_note-Prunier_1995-9">[9]</a>:135-136，但到了1992年，哈比亚利马纳的权威已遭削弱，大规模的示威活动迫使他和国内反对派结盟，并于1993年和卢旺达爱国阵线签订了《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E9%B2%81%E6%B2%99%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿鲁沙协定（页面不存在）">阿鲁沙协定</a>》<a href="#cite_note-Prunier_1995-9">[9]</a>:190-191。1994年4月6日，朱韦纳尔·哈比亚利马纳和<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E6%81%A9%E5%A1%94%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E7%B1%B3%E6%8B%89" title="西普里安·恩塔里亚米拉">西普里安·恩塔里亚米拉</a>乘坐的专机在基加利机场附近被<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%BC%E5%BC%B9" title="导弹">导弹</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%B1%E9%9F%A6%E7%BA%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%88%A9%E9%A9%AC%E7%BA%B3%E5%92%8C%E8%A5%BF%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E6%81%A9%E5%A1%94%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E7%B1%B3%E6%8B%89%E9%81%87%E5%88%BA%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朱韦纳尔·哈比亚利马纳和西普里安·恩塔里亚米拉遇刺案（页面不存在）">击落</a>，两人当场死亡，内战双方也随即重燃战火<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News_(III)-2010-16">[16]</a>。这起击落事件也成为几个小时后爆发的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E7%81%AD%E7%BB%9D" title="卢旺达种族灭绝">卢旺达种族灭绝</a>的导火索，在短短的约100天时间里，临时政府通过周密计划，杀害了50至100万<a href="#cite_note-Henley-2007-17">[17]</a>图西族人和政治上较为温和的胡图族人<a href="#cite_note-Dallaire-2005-18">[18]</a>:386，此外还有许多不是直接目标的特瓦族人被杀<a href="#cite_note-UNPO-2008-15">[15]</a>。图西族领导的卢旺达爱国阵线重新启动了攻势，有条不紊地夺取国家的控制权，到7月中旬时已控制全国<a href="#cite_note-Dallaire-2005-18">[18]</a>:299。国际社会对这场种族灭绝的反应有限，<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E6%8F%B4%E5%8A%A9%E5%9B%A2" title="联合国卢旺达援助团">联合国维和部队</a>已是不堪重负，各个大国又不愿施以援手<a href="#cite_note-Dallaire-2005-18">[18]</a>:364。等到卢旺达爱国阵线占领全国时，已有约200万胡图族人因担心受到报复而<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%B9%96%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E9%9A%BE%E6%B0%91%E5%8D%B1%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大湖地区难民危机（页面不存在）">逃往邻国</a>，其中又以<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8E%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="扎伊尔">扎伊尔</a>最多<a href="#cite_note-Prunier_1995-9">[9]</a>:312。此外，由卢旺达爱国阵线领导的军队还是<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第一次刚果战争">第一</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第二次刚果战争">第二次刚果战争</a>中的主要交战方之一<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News_(VI)-2010-19">[19]</a>。之后，卢旺达开始进入一段和解和公正时期，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD" title="卢旺达问题国际刑事法庭">卢旺达问题国际刑事法庭</a>和名为“Gacaca”的传统乡村法院系统相继建立。进入21世纪后，卢旺达的经济、游客人数以及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0" title="人类发展指数">人类发展指数</a>都得到迅猛增长<a href="#cite_note-UNDP_(III)-2010-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-RDB_(I)-2009-21">[21]</a>，贫困率从2006年的57%下降到2011年的45%<a href="#cite_note-National_Institute_of_Statistics_of_Rwanda-2012-22">[22]</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%84%E6%9C%9F%E5%AF%BF%E5%91%BD" title="预期寿命">预期寿命</a>也从2000年的46.6岁<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a>增长到2015年的59.7岁<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a>。2021年7月，盧安達派遣1000名士兵至<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E4%B8%89%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="莫三比克">莫三比克</a>以援助莫國政府抵抗<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E4%B8%89%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%8B%95%E4%BA%82" title="莫三比克伊斯蘭動亂">莫三比克伊斯蘭動亂</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="政治和政府">政治和政府</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：政治和政府">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Kagame_New_York_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Paul_Kagame_New_York_2010.jpg/170px-Paul_Kagame_New_York_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Paul_Kagame_New_York_2010.jpg/255px-Paul_Kagame_New_York_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Paul_Kagame_New_York_2010.jpg/340px-Paul_Kagame_New_York_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1443" data-file-height="1804" /></a><figcaption>卢旺达总统<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%8A%A0%E6%A2%85" title="保罗·卡加梅">保罗·卡加梅</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="卢旺达总统">卢旺达总统</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" class="mw-redirect" title="国家元首">国家元首</a><a href="#cite_note-CJCR-2003-25">[25]</a>:98，拥有涉及多个范围的权力，其中包括与内阁一起制定政策、行使赦免权、指挥<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E5%86%9B" title="卢旺达国防军">武装部队</a>、签署总统令、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E6%88%B0" title="宣戰">宣战</a>及宣布进入紧急状态、还可以任命<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="卢旺达总理">总理</a>和所有内阁成员<a href="#cite_note-CJCR-2003-25">[25]</a>:110-117 ，以及谈判和缔结条约<a href="#cite_note-CJCR-2003-25">[25]</a>:189。总统任期七年，由民众投票选举产生<a href="#cite_note-CJCR-2003-25">[25]</a>:100-101，现任总统是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%8A%A0%E6%A2%85" title="保罗·卡加梅">保罗·卡加梅</a>，于2000年前任总统<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E9%BD%90%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" title="巴斯德·比齐蒙古">巴斯德·比齐蒙古</a>辞职后开始就职，之后又在2003年、<a href="/w/index.php?title=2010%E5%B9%B4%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2010年卢旺达总统选举（页面不存在）">2010年</a>与2017年的总统选举中获胜<a href="#cite_note-Lacey-2003-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News_(IV)-2010-27">[27]</a>。不过，有人权组织批评这些选举所代表的是政治压迫和对言论自由镇压的增长<a href="#cite_note-HRW-2010-28">[28]</a>。 卢旺达的现行<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卢旺达宪法（页面不存在）">宪法</a>于2003年经全民公投通过，取代了自1994年开始生效的过渡时期宪法<a href="#cite_note-Media_High_Council-29">[29]</a>。宪法规定政府实行<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%9A%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="多党制">多党制</a>，政治运作基于民主和选举进行<a href="#cite_note-CJCR-2003-25">[25]</a>:52。在政党的运作形式方面，第54条规定：“禁止根据种族、族裔群体、部落、氏族、地区、性别、宗教信仰等任何可能导致歧视的因素来组建政治组织”<a href="#cite_note-CJCR-2003-25">[25]</a>:54。政府还颁布了将种族灭绝思想入罪的法律，包括像恐吓、诽谤性言论、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%A6%E8%AE%A4%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E7%81%AD%E7%BB%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="否认种族灭绝（页面不存在）">否认种族灭绝</a>以及嘲笑受害人的行为都可以归入刑事犯罪<a href="#cite_note-National-30">[30]</a>。根据<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F" title="人权观察">人权观察</a>的报告，这些法律令卢旺达成为了实际上的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%9A%E5%88%B6" title="一党制">一党制</a>国家，“在防止又一次种族灭绝的幌子下，政府显然对最基本形式的不同政见也无法容忍”<a href="#cite_note-Roth-2009-31">[31]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%89%B9%E8%B5%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="国际特赦组织">国际特赦组织</a>也持负面看法，称这些将种族灭绝思想入罪法律的实际效果就是消除异议，包括针对执政党卢旺达爱国阵线的批评，以及公正处理卢旺达爱国阵线所犯下的战争罪行的要求<a href="#cite_note-Amnesty_International-2010-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Amnesty_International-2012-33">[33]</a>。 卢旺达议会实行<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E9%99%A2%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="两院制">两院制</a>，宪法赋予议会立法权，并且可以监督总统和内阁的运作<a href="#cite_note-CJCR-2003-25">[25]</a>:62。其中的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="下议院">下议院</a>是卢旺达众议院，拥有80位议员，任期5年。所有议席中有24个保留给女性，这些女性议员都是通过地方政府官员组成的联合大会选举产生；另外还有三个议席为青少年和残疾人保留，剩下的53个席位则按<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E4%BE%8B%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%88%B6" title="比例代表制">比例代表制</a>经<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" class="mw-redirect" title="普通選舉">普通选举</a>产生<a href="#cite_note-CJCR-2003-25">[25]</a>:76。2008年的议会选举共计产生了45位女性众议员，而到了2020年則有49位女性众议员，占下議院61%的名額。卢旺达自2003年起一直是全球女性國會議員比例最高的國家<a href="#cite_note-UNIFEM-2008-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a>:116-117。卢旺达参议院是两院中的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="上议院">上议院</a>，通过各种团体选出，至少30%的参议员必须是女性，参议员的任期为八年<a href="#cite_note-CJCR-2003-25">[25]</a>:82。 <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RwandaParliament.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/RwandaParliament.jpg/250px-RwandaParliament.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/RwandaParliament.jpg/330px-RwandaParliament.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/RwandaParliament.jpg/500px-RwandaParliament.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>卢旺达众议院大楼</figcaption></figure> 卢旺达的法律制度很大程度上基于<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E6%B3%95%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德国法系（页面不存在）">德国</a>与<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6%E6%B3%95%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="比利时法系（页面不存在）">比利时</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E9%99%86%E6%B3%95%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="欧陆法系">大陆法系</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A0%E6%83%AF%E6%B3%95" title="习惯法">习惯法</a><a href="#cite_note-CIA_(I)-36">[36]</a>。司法部门与行政部门独立<a href="#cite_note-CJCR-2003-25">[25]</a>:140，不过<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="最高法院">最高法院</a>法官的指派是由总统和参议院进行<a href="#cite_note-CJCR-2003-25">[25]</a>:148。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F" title="人权观察">人权观察</a>曾称赞卢旺达政府在实现司法公正上做出了包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%9F%E9%99%A4%E6%AD%BB%E5%88%91" class="mw-redirect" title="废除死刑">废除死刑</a>在内的努力<a href="#cite_note-HRW-Wells-2008-chapterI-Summary-37">[37]</a>，但也指称政府成员对司法系统存在不当干涉，例如出于政治动机来任命法官，以及向法官施压，令其做出某些特定裁决等<a href="#cite_note-HRW-Wells-2008-chapterVIII-Independence_of_the_Judiciary-38">[38]</a>。宪法中规定有两种类型的法院：普通法院和专用法院<a href="#cite_note-CJCR-2003-25">[25]</a>:143。卢旺达的最高法院、高等法院和区域性法院都属普通法院，专用法院则包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="军事法庭">军事法庭</a>和传统的“Gacaca”法院，其中恢复“Gacaca”法院是为了加快对种族灭绝犯罪嫌疑人的审判<a href="#cite_note-Walker-2004-03-39">[39]</a>。 与其他大部分非洲国家相比，卢旺达的腐败程度较为轻微。2010年，<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E6%98%8E%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85" title="透明国际">透明国际</a>将其评为<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%A5%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="撒哈拉以南非洲">撒哈拉以南非洲</a>47个国家中第8清廉的国家，在全世界的178个国家中则名列第66位<a href="#cite_note-Transparency_International-2010-40">[40]</a>。宪法规定<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B3%E8%A8%B4%E5%B0%88%E5%93%A1" title="申訴專員">申诉专员</a>的主要职责就是预防和打击腐败<a href="#cite_note-CJCR-2003-25">[25]</a>:182<a href="#cite_note-Office_of_the_Ombudsman-41">[41]</a>。宪法还规定，包括总统在内的公职人员必须向申诉专员和公众申报自己拥有的财富，否则将受到停职<a href="#cite_note-Asiimwe-2011-42">[42]</a>。 卢旺达爱国阵线自1994年以来就一直是该国的主导<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%85%9A" title="政党">政党</a>，在全国大选中保持着对总统和议会位置的控制权，党派的得票率始终在70%以上。一般认为卢旺达爱国阵线属图西族占主导地位的党派，但全国各地都因能确保持续的和平、稳定和经济增长而对其表示支持<a href="#cite_note-Clark-2010-43">[43]</a>。不过，包括国际特赦组织和<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B9%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="自由之家">自由之家</a>在内的人权组织声称，卢旺达政府会通过只允许对政府态度友好政党的候选人参加选举、镇压示威活动以及逮捕反对派领导人和记者来压制反对派组织的自由<a href="#cite_note-Amnesty_International-2010-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Freedom_House-2011-44">[44]</a>。 卢旺达是<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="联合国">联合国</a><a href="#cite_note-United_Nations_(I)-45">[45]</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="非洲联盟">非洲联盟</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%8F%8A%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="法语国家及地区国际组织">法语圈国际组织</a><a href="#cite_note-Francophonie-46">[46]</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%93" title="东非共同体">东非共同体</a><a href="#cite_note-Grainger-2007-47">[47]</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6" title="英联邦">英联邦</a>的成员国<a href="#cite_note-Fletcher-2009-48">[48]</a>。该国在哈比亚利马纳执政的多年时间里一直保持着和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a>以及前宗主国比利时的密切联系<a href="#cite_note-Prunier_1995-9">[9]</a>:89。但自卢旺达爱国阵线掌权后，卢旺达开始寻求与邻近的东非国家以及英语世界国家建立更为密切的关系。2006至2010年，该国与法国之间的外交关系陷入僵局，因为有一位法国法官对卢旺达官员提出了起诉<a href="#cite_note-Department_of_State_(III)-2012-49">[49]</a>。同时卢旺达还因参与了<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第一次刚果战争">第一</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第二次刚果战争">第二次刚果战争</a>导致与<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="刚果民主共和国">刚果民主共和国</a>的关系紧张<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News_(VI)-2010-19">[19]</a>，刚果军方声称曾受到卢旺达部队的攻击，而卢旺达则指责刚果政府未能有效压制<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%9F%BA%E4%BC%8D%E7%9C%81" title="南基伍省">南</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%9F%BA%E4%BC%8D%E7%9C%81" title="北基伍省">北基伍省</a>的胡图族反政府武装<a href="#cite_note-USA_Today-2008-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Al_Jazeera-2007-51">[51]</a>。卢旺达与<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B9%B2%E8%BE%BE" title="乌干达">乌干达</a>的关系自进入21世纪以来也很紧张，因为两国曾在第二次刚果战争期间支持相互对立的叛乱集团，两国军队还曾在1999年发生过冲突<a href="#cite_note-Heuler-2011-52">[52]</a>。不过到了2012年，卢旺达与乌干达和刚果民主共和国的关系都已经得到改善<a href="#cite_note-Heuler-2011-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News_(VII)-2011-53">[53]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="行政区划">行政区划</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：行政区划">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="卢旺达行政区划">卢旺达行政区划</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-right" typeof="mw:File"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Rwanda_Provinces_2006.png/250px-Rwanda_Provinces_2006.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Rwanda_Provinces_2006.png/375px-Rwanda_Provinces_2006.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Rwanda_Provinces_2006.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="398" usemap="#ImageMap_38e1bfe2732ecf04" resource="/wiki/File:Rwanda_Provinces_2006.png" /><map name="ImageMap_38e1bfe2732ecf04"><area href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8%E7%9C%81_(%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE)" shape="poly" coords="117,37,120,41,124,42,128,57,146,47,170,94,164,98,154,92,137,99,134,104,116,99,107,89,98,86,96,71,93,68,78,66,73,59,85,47,97,47,105,41,113,44" alt="北部省 (卢旺达)" title="北部省 (卢旺达)" /><area href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%83%A8%E7%9C%81_(%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE)" shape="poly" coords="193,6,191,10,204,41,218,47,225,53,226,61,237,78,233,110,244,128,237,146,238,156,229,163,221,159,215,166,209,163,206,166,192,154,183,154,182,158,166,160,159,168,154,168,144,160,140,157,134,155,140,127,157,122,162,126,166,123,164,119,166,116,166,113,171,111,168,100,171,94,157,65,159,62,156,61,147,46,152,46,158,41,159,33,178,16,180,8" alt="东部省 (卢旺达)" title="东部省 (卢旺达)" /><area href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9" shape="poly" coords="155,93,164,101,168,101,168,106,170,110,165,112,166,115,164,119,165,122,162,125,159,121,140,125,136,123,138,121,138,116,138,110,136,104,137,99,142,101" alt="基加利" title="基加利" /><area href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8%E7%9C%81_(%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE)" shape="poly" coords="62,60,72,61,76,66,94,71,94,83,97,87,98,109,98,113,94,114,91,139,61,153,58,165,58,168,53,170,52,174,58,177,63,192,59,197,42,189,38,187,26,187,24,202,9,194,7,182,3,180,7,177,10,171,9,166,19,163,24,153,26,156,25,165,33,154,36,157,56,128,64,123,59,115,59,111,53,106,54,99,52,94,53,87,48,80" alt="西部省 (卢旺达)" title="西部省 (卢旺达)" /><area href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8%E7%9C%81_(%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE)" shape="poly" coords="98,87,106,89,114,101,121,103,135,108,136,124,138,127,136,136,131,161,133,174,131,176,128,184,130,193,117,208,111,207,109,212,100,212,83,214,73,212,63,215,59,206,61,204,62,198,63,191,58,177,52,174,54,169,59,168,61,160,59,156,61,153,77,148,92,141,99,113" alt="南部省 (卢旺达)" title="南部省 (卢旺达)" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure> 卢旺达自殖民时代以前就一直存在着严格的等级制度<a href="#cite_note-OAU-2000-54">[54]</a>。殖民化前，卢旺达国王（当地人称“Mwami”）通过省、区、街区等体系来控制全国<a href="#cite_note-Melvern-2004-55">[55]</a>。现行宪法将卢旺达划分成<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="卢旺达行政区划">省</a>（intara）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E8%BE%96%E5%8C%BA" title="市辖区">市辖区</a>（uturere）、城市、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B1%82%E6%94%BF%E6%9D%83" class="mw-redirect" title="基层政权">市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%87" title="镇">镇</a>、区（imirenge）、乡（utugari）和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%91_(%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92)" class="mw-redirect" title="村 (行政区划)">村</a>（imidugudu），较大的行政区划及其边界由议会设立<a href="#cite_note-CJCR-2003-25">[25]</a>:3。 整个国家共划分成五个省，相当于国家政策和组成各省的市辖区之间的中介，确保国家政策可以在地区层面上得到执行。根据地方政府部制定的“卢旺达分权战略框架”，各省有职责“协调省内治理工作并加以监督和评估”<a href="#cite_note-MINALOC-2007-56">[56]</a>:8。每个省由<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%81%E9%95%BF" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="省长">省长</a>领导，省长由总统任命，但需经参议院确认<a href="#cite_note-Southern_Province-57">[57]</a>。市辖区负责协调公共服务和经济发展，其下又分成区，负责提供市辖区规定的公共服务<a href="#cite_note-MINALOC-2007-56">[56]</a>:9。市辖区和区都拥有直接选举产生的议会，其行政部门就是议会选出的执行委员会<a href="#cite_note-MINALOC-2004-58">[58]</a>。乡和村是最小的政治单位，用来提供公民和区之间联系的桥梁<a href="#cite_note-MINALOC-2007-56">[56]</a>:9。所有成年公民都是其所在乡村议会的成员，这个议会中将选出执行委员会成员<a href="#cite_note-MINALOC-2004-58">[58]</a>。国家<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="首都">首都</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="基加利">基加利</a>属省级行政区，负责协调全市范围内的城市规划<a href="#cite_note-MINALOC-2007-56">[56]</a>:8。 卢旺达现行的行政区划分界于2006年划分，目标是下放权力并消除旧体制和种族灭绝的影响。之前全国划分为12个省，各省均以其最大的城市为核心，新的划分则主要依据地理方位为基准，全国只分成五个省，分别是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8%E7%9C%81_(%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE)" title="北部省 (卢旺达)">北部省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8%E7%9C%81_(%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE)" title="南部省 (卢旺达)">南部省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%83%A8%E7%9C%81_(%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE)" title="东部省 (卢旺达)">东部省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8%E7%9C%81_(%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE)" title="西部省 (卢旺达)">西部省</a>以及中部的基加利市。<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News_(I)-2006-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地理">地理</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：地理">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KageraRuvubu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/KageraRuvubu.jpg/250px-KageraRuvubu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/KageraRuvubu.jpg/330px-KageraRuvubu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/KageraRuvubu.jpg/500px-KageraRuvubu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%93%8B%E6%8B%89%E6%B2%B3" title="卡蓋拉河">卡蓋拉河</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E6%AD%A6%E6%AD%A6%E6%B2%B3" title="魯武武河">魯武武河</a>都是上<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E7%BD%97%E6%B2%B3" title="尼罗河">尼罗河</a>的组成部分</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E5%AE%89%E9%81%94%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="盧安達地理">卢旺达地理</a></div> 卢旺达的国土面积为26,338<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%B9%E5%85%AC%E9%87%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="平方公里">平方公里</a>，在世界各国中名列第149位<a href="#cite_note-CIA_(II)-60">[60]</a>，与布隆迪、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="马其顿">马其顿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0" title="海地">海地</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔巴尼亚">阿尔巴尼亚</a>面积接近<a href="#cite_note-CIA_(II)-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-CIA_(I)-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Richards-1994-61">[61]</a>。整个国家都处在高海拔地区：最低点<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E6%B5%8E%E6%B5%8E%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="鲁济济河">鲁济济河</a>也高于海平面950米<a href="#cite_note-CIA_(I)-36">[36]</a>。卢旺达地处非洲中东部，西接刚果民主共和国，北邻乌干达，东面和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E6%A1%91%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="坦桑尼亚">坦桑尼亚</a>接壤，南部与布隆迪交界<a href="#cite_note-CIA_(I)-36">[36]</a>，国家处在<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93" title="赤道">赤道</a>以南几个纬度范围内，属<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E9%99%86%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="内陆国家">内陆国家</a><a href="#cite_note-Department_of_State_(III)-2012-49">[49]</a>。首都基加利位于该国中心附近<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopædia_Britannica-2010-62">[62]</a>。 <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0" title="刚果盆地">刚果盆地</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E7%BD%97%E6%B2%B3" title="尼罗河">尼罗河</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E5%9F%9F" title="流域">流域</a>之间的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%B0%B4%E5%B2%AD" title="分水岭">分水岭</a>从北向南穿过卢旺达，国内约80%的区域从尼罗河引流，另外约20%则从<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E6%B5%8E%E6%B5%8E%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="鲁济济河">鲁济济河</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E5%B9%B2%E4%BE%9D%E5%96%80%E6%B9%96" title="坦干依喀湖">坦干依喀湖</a>取水<a href="#cite_note-Nile_Basin_Initiative-2010-63">[63]</a>。该国最长的河是源于西南部的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%B4%E9%9A%86%E5%93%A5%E6%B2%B3" title="尼亞巴隆哥河">尼亞巴隆哥河</a>（Nyabarongo River），分别朝北、东和东南方向转向后流入<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E6%AD%A6%E6%AD%A6%E6%B2%B3" title="魯武武河">魯武武河</a>并形成<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%93%8B%E6%8B%89%E6%B2%B3" title="卡蓋拉河">卡蓋拉河</a>，卡盖拉河将沿坦桑尼亚东部边境流向正北方。尼亚巴隆哥河与卡盖拉河最终都将流入<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%B9%96" class="mw-redirect" title="维多利亚湖">维多利亚湖</a>，有观点认为其位于纽格威森林的源头也是尚未完全确定的尼罗河的源头<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News_(II)-2006-64">[64]</a>。卢旺达湖泊众多，其中以<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E4%BC%8F%E6%B9%96" class="mw-redirect" title="基伏湖">基伏湖</a>最大。该湖位于艾伯丁裂谷底部，沿卢旺达西部边境延伸，最深处有480米<a href="#cite_note-Jørgensen-2005-65">[65]</a>，是世界上最深的20个湖之一<a href="#cite_note-Briggs-Booth-2006-66">[66]</a>:153。其它几个面积较大的湖泊包括布雷拉湖（Lake Burera）、儒洪多湖（Lake Ruhondo）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E5%93%88%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="木哈子湖（页面不存在）">木哈子湖</a>（Lake Muhazi）、鲁韦鲁湖（Lake Rweru）和艾希玛湖（Lake Ihema），其中艾希玛湖是<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%A1%E8%93%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92" title="阿卡蓋拉國家公園">阿卡蓋拉國家公園</a>东部平原一系列湖泊中最大的一个<a href="#cite_note-Global_Nature_Fund-67">[67]</a>。 <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RwandaVolcanoAndLake_cropped2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/RwandaVolcanoAndLake_cropped2.jpg/250px-RwandaVolcanoAndLake_cropped2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/RwandaVolcanoAndLake_cropped2.jpg/330px-RwandaVolcanoAndLake_cropped2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/RwandaVolcanoAndLake_cropped2.jpg/500px-RwandaVolcanoAndLake_cropped2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>位于<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E9%BE%8D%E5%8A%A0%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" class="mw-redirect" title="維龍加山脈">維龍加山脈</a>的湖泊和火山</figcaption></figure> 卢旺达的中西部以山区为主，这些山脉是艾伯丁裂谷山脉的一部分，而艾伯丁裂谷又是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%9D%9E%E5%A4%A7%E8%A3%82%E8%B0%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="东非大裂谷">东非大裂谷</a>的组成部分，沿卢旺达西部边境从北向南延伸<a href="#cite_note-WWF-2001-68">[68]</a>。境内最高的山位于西北部的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E9%BE%8D%E5%8A%A0%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" class="mw-redirect" title="維龍加山脈">維龍加山脈</a>火山链，其中<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E9%87%8C%E8%BE%9B%E6%AF%94%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="卡里辛比火山">卡里辛比火山</a>高4507米，是卢旺达的地理最高点<a href="#cite_note-Mehta-Katee-2005-69">[69]</a>。该国西部这段位于<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E4%BC%AF%E4%B8%81%E8%A3%82%E8%B0%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾伯丁裂谷山地森林（页面不存在）">艾伯丁裂谷山地森林</a>生态区内的山区<a href="#cite_note-WWF-2001-68">[68]</a>海拔高度在1,500至2,500米之间<a href="#cite_note-Munyakazi-Ntagaramba-2005-70">[70]</a>:7。卢旺达中部以连绵起伏的丘陵为主，东部边境地区则由<a href="/wiki/%E7%96%8F%E6%9E%97%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F" title="疏林草原">热带草原</a>、平原和沼泽组成<a href="#cite_note-Munyakazi-Ntagaramba-2005-70">[70]</a>:18。 卢旺达属<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6" title="温带">温带</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" class="mw-redirect" title="热带气候">热带高原</a>气候，由于海拔较高，其气温比典型的赤道国家要低<a href="#cite_note-Department_of_State_(III)-2012-49">[49]</a>。位于该国中部的基加利日常温度一般在12至27<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E6%B0%8F%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="摄氏度">°C</a>之间，全年波动幅度较小<a href="#cite_note-BBC_Weather-71">[71]</a>。全国范围内也有一些地方温差较大，多山的西部和北部比东部低洼地区的气温要低<a href="#cite_note-Best_Country_Reports-2007-72">[72]</a>。卢旺达每年有两个雨季，每一个从2月持续到6月，第二个从9月到10月；同时也有两个<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B1%E5%AD%A3" title="旱季">旱季</a>，其中6到9月这个持续时间较长，经常完全没有降水，另一个则是从12月持续到次年2月，相对来说情况不及前一个那么严重<a href="#cite_note-King_2007-8">[8]</a>:10。降雨量因地域而不同，每年西部和西北部降水较东部和东南部为多<a href="#cite_note-Adekunle-2007-73">[73]</a>:1。不过，雨季模式已因气候变化而出现变动。战略前瞻组织的一份报告中称，每年阴雨天数有时会变少，但短时间内的降雨量更大。还有些情况下单一天内就会频繁出现倾盆大雨，降雨量超过以往一个月的总和。此外还存在雨季姗姗来迟或是提早结束的情况<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a>。 <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height: 1.2em; margin:;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">卢旺达<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="基加利">基加利</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">月份 </th> <th scope="col">1月 </th> <th scope="col">2月 </th> <th scope="col">3月 </th> <th scope="col">4月 </th> <th scope="col">5月 </th> <th scope="col">6月 </th> <th scope="col">7月 </th> <th scope="col">8月 </th> <th scope="col">9月 </th> <th scope="col">10月 </th> <th scope="col">11月 </th> <th scope="col">12月 </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">全年 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均高温 °C（°F） </th> <td style="background: #FFFF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9 (80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4 (81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9 (80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2 (79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9 (78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4 (79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1 (80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0 (82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2 (82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2 (81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1 (79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4 (79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFF88; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">26.9 (80.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均低温 °C（°F） </th> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6 (60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8 (60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7 (60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1 (61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2 (61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3 (59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0 (59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0 (60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0 (60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9 (60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5 (59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6 (60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.7 (60.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E6%B0%B4%E9%87%8F" title="降水量">降水量</a> mm（英寸） </th> <td style="background: #8CFF8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.9 (3.03) </td> <td style="background: #6AFF6A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.0 (3.58) </td> <td style="background: #54FF54; color:#000000;" class="notheme">114.2 (4.50) </td> <td style="background: #11FF11; color:#000000;" class="notheme">154.2 (6.07) </td> <td style="background: #7BFF7B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.1 (3.47) </td> <td style="background: #E2FFE2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6 (0.73) </td> <td style="background: #EEFFEE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 (0.45) </td> <td style="background: #D0FFD0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1 (1.22) </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.6 (2.74) </td> <td style="background: #61FF61; color:#000000;" class="notheme">105.7 (4.16) </td> <td style="background: #51FF51; color:#000000;" class="notheme">112.7 (4.44) </td> <td style="background: #8BFF8B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.4 (3.05) </td> <td style="background: #86FF86; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">950.9 (37.44) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均降水天数（≥ 0.1 mm） </th> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #2626FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #7373FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">133 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">数据来源：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="世界气象组织">世界气象组织</a><a href="#cite_note-WMO-75">[75]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="生物多样性">生物多样性</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：生物多样性">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Topi_in_Akagera_National_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Topi_in_Akagera_National_Park.jpg/220px-Topi_in_Akagera_National_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Topi_in_Akagera_National_Park.jpg/330px-Topi_in_Akagera_National_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Topi_in_Akagera_National_Park.jpg/440px-Topi_in_Akagera_National_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6528" data-file-height="4336" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%A1%E8%93%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92" title="阿卡蓋拉國家公園">阿卡蓋拉國家公園</a>生活的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E8%A7%92%E7%89%9B%E7%BE%9A" title="转角牛羚">转角牛羚</a></figcaption></figure> 如今的卢旺达境内在史前时期有三分之一属于<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="山地生態">山地生态</a>。目前天然存在的植物已基本局限在该国的三个<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="国家公园">国家公园</a>内，全国其它地区则以<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%AF%E7%94%B0" title="梯田">梯田农业</a>占主导地位<a href="#cite_note-Briggs-Booth-2006-66">[66]</a>:3-4。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B8%A9%E5%9C%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD" title="尼温圭国家公园">尼温圭森林</a>是现存最大的树林，内有200种树种，还拥有<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B0%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="兰科">兰花</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8B%E6%B5%B7%E6%A3%A0%E5%B1%9E" title="秋海棠属">海棠</a><a href="#cite_note-King_2007-8">[8]</a>:11。<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%97%BA%E9%81%94%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92" title="盧旺達火山國家公園">盧旺達火山國家公園</a>的植物以<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%B9" title="竹">竹</a>以主，剩下的大部分是高沼地，还有小面积的树木<a href="#cite_note-Briggs-Booth-2006-66">[66]</a>:3-4。阿卡盖拉国家公园则属热带草原生态系统，所有植物中以<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%90%88%E6%AD%A1" title="金合歡">金合欢</a>最多，并且也有一些稀有或濒危的植物物种，如<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%AB%E5%B0%BE%E6%9C%A8%E5%B1%9E" title="猫尾木属">猫尾树</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A%E9%B8%A1%E5%86%A0%E5%85%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="几内亚鸡冠兰（页面不存在）">几内亚鸡冠兰</a>等<a href="#cite_note-REMA_(Chapter_5)-2009-76">[76]</a>。 三个国家公园中所发现的大型<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="哺乳动物">哺乳动物</a>种类也是最多的，公园也均属于指定保护区<a href="#cite_note-IUCN-2011-77">[77]</a>。阿卡盖拉国家公园拥有包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%BF" title="长颈鹿">长颈鹿</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B1%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="大象">大象</a>在内的典型稀树草原动物<a href="#cite_note-Embassy_of_Rwanda_in_Japan-78">[78]</a>，而火山国家公园则是世界上约三分之一山地大猩猩的栖息地<a href="#cite_note-RDB_(II)-2010-79">[79]</a>。纽格威森林公园拥有包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E7%8C%A9%E7%8C%A9%E5%B1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="黑猩猩属">黑猩猩</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%96%A3%E7%8C%B4%E5%B1%AC" title="疣猴屬">鲁文佐里树栖疣猴</a>在内的13种<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E9%95%BF%E7%9B%AE" title="灵长目">灵长类</a>动物，其中鲁文佐里树栖疣猴会有多达400只进行群体活动，数量上超过非洲的其他任何灵长类动物<a href="#cite_note-Briggs-Booth-2006-66">[66]</a>:140。 卢旺达境内生活有670种鸟类，从东到西分布的种类有所不同<a href="#cite_note-King_2007-8">[8]</a>:15。西边的纽格威森林发现过280种，其中包括鲁文佐里蕉鹃和艳鹧鸪在内的26种为艾伯丁裂谷特有<a href="#cite_note-WCS-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-King_2007-8">[8]</a>:15。卢旺达东部则拥有如乌头黑伯劳之类的稀树草原鸟类，以及习惯生活在沼泽和湖泊地区的物种，如<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%B3%E7%A7%91" title="鹳科">鹳</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%A4%E7%A7%91" title="鹤科">鹤</a>等<a href="#cite_note-King_2007-8">[8]</a>:15。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="经济">经济</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：经济">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MarabaCoffeeDryingRacks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/MarabaCoffeeDryingRacks.jpg/220px-MarabaCoffeeDryingRacks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/MarabaCoffeeDryingRacks.jpg/330px-MarabaCoffeeDryingRacks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/MarabaCoffeeDryingRacks.jpg/440px-MarabaCoffeeDryingRacks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="咖啡">咖啡</a>是卢旺达的主要经济作物之一，图为正在烘干的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%B4%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="馬拉巴咖啡">马拉巴</a>咖啡豆</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%97%BA%E9%81%94%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="盧旺達經濟">盧旺達經濟</a></div> 卢旺达的经济曾在1994年的种族灭绝期间遭受重创，大批平民遭到屠杀，基础设施严重受损，打家劫舍时有发生，重要的经济作物也被忽视。这些因素相结合，共同导致该国<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC" title="国内生产总值">国内生产总值</a>大幅下跌，并且也无法吸收到私人和外来投资<a href="#cite_note-CIA_(I)-36">[36]</a>。这以后卢旺达的经济逐渐复苏，根据<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="国际货币基金组织">国际货币基金组织</a>的统计数据，2019年估计该国的人均GDP（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%8C%AF%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="國際匯率">国际汇率</a>）已经达到825<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a><a href="#cite_note-imf2-81">[81]</a>。主要的出口市场包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a><a href="#cite_note-CIA_(I)-36">[36]</a>。国家的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="中央银行">中央银行</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="卢旺达国家银行">卢旺达国家银行</a>，通行货币为<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E6%B3%95%E9%83%8E" title="卢旺达法郎">卢旺达法郎</a>。截至2014年4月17日，卢旺达法郎对<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a>的汇率为每680.48卢旺达法郎兑换1<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a><a href="#cite_note-Exchange-RWF-USD-82">[82]</a>。卢旺达于2007年加入东非共同体，并且有计划从2015年开始使用所有成员国通用的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%88%E4%BB%A4" title="東非先令">东非先令</a><a href="#cite_note-Lavelle-2008-83">[83]</a>。 卢旺达自然资源匮乏<a href="#cite_note-Department_of_State_(III)-2012-49">[49]</a>，经济主要依靠地方农民使用简单工具的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" title="自給農業">自给农业</a>支撑<a href="#cite_note-FAO_/_WFP-1997-84">[84]</a>。根据估算，2010年国内生产总值的42.1%是由90%的工作人口通过务农创造的<a href="#cite_note-CIA_(I)-36">[36]</a>。自20世纪80年代中期开始，农场规模和粮食产量都有所下降，这部分是因为需要占用土地安置失去家园的人们<a href="#cite_note-WRI-2006-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-Department_of_State_(I)-2004-86">[86]</a>。虽然卢旺达土地肥沃，但粮食产量往往跟不上人口增速，因此必须进口粮食<a href="#cite_note-CIA_(I)-36">[36]</a>。 卢旺达种植的作物包括咖啡、茶叶、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%A4%E8%99%AB%E8%8F%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="除虫菊">除虫菊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E8%95%89" title="香蕉">香蕉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%86%E7%B1%BB" title="豆类">豆类</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%B2%B1%E5%B1%AC" title="高粱屬">高粱</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%93%83%E8%96%AF" title="马铃薯">土豆</a>。咖啡和茶叶是主要的出口经济作物，较高的地势、陡峭的山坡和肥沃的火山土壤为其生长提供了有利条件。过于依赖农产品出口使得卢旺达的经济对价格变化非常敏感<a href="#cite_note-WTO-2004-87">[87]</a>。卢旺达饲养的动物包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="牛">牛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E7%BE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="山羊">山羊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B5%E7%BE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="绵羊">绵羊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E7%8C%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="家猪">猪</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%A1" title="鸡">鸡</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%94" title="兔">兔</a>，数量因地而异<a href="#cite_note-MINAGRI-2006-88">[88]</a>。除了基加利周边有几家密集型奶牛养殖场外，其他地区基本沿用传统的养殖手段<a href="#cite_note-MINAGRI-2006-88">[88]</a>。土地和水资源不足、饲料质量差、定期出现的疫情以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%BD%E5%8C%BB" title="兽医">兽医</a>数量不足都是限制动物产量提高的主要因素。国内多个湖泊存在渔业，但鱼量已所剩无几，为此该国正从国外进口活鱼，希望能重振产业<a href="#cite_note-Namata-2008-89">[89]</a>。 卢旺达的工业规模较小，只占2010年GDP的14.3%<a href="#cite_note-CIA_(I)-36">[36]</a>。生产的产品包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%B3%A5" title="水泥">水泥</a>、农产品、小瓶饮料、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A5%E7%9A%82" title="肥皂">肥皂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%B7" title="家具">家具</a>、鞋类、塑料制品、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BA%E7%BB%87%E5%93%81" title="纺织品">纺织品</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E7%83%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="香烟">香烟</a><a href="#cite_note-CIA_(I)-36">[36]</a>。采矿业是重要的出口产业，根据2008年的统计数据，全国通过矿产出口获得了9,300万美元的收入<a href="#cite_note-Mukaaya-2009-90">[90]</a>。国内主要开采的矿产包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E7%9F%B3" title="锡石">锡石</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E9%92%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="黑钨">黑钨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">金</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B6%E9%92%BD%E9%93%81%E7%9F%BF" title="钶钽铁矿">钶钽铁矿</a>，其中最后一种主要用于制造包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D" title="移动电话">移动电话</a>在内的多种电子和通讯设备<a href="#cite_note-Mukaaya-2009-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-Delawala-2001-91">[91]</a>。位在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="基加利">基加利</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%B7%AF%E9%AD%AF%E9%A6%AC%E5%86%B6%E7%85%89%E5%BB%A0" title="卡路魯馬冶煉廠">卡路魯馬冶煉廠</a>以往曾有錫礦的冶煉，目前由魯納冶煉有限公司營運，以礦石交易為主<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a>。 <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gorilla_mother_and_baby_at_Volcans_National_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Gorilla_mother_and_baby_at_Volcans_National_Park.jpg/220px-Gorilla_mother_and_baby_at_Volcans_National_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Gorilla_mother_and_baby_at_Volcans_National_Park.jpg/330px-Gorilla_mother_and_baby_at_Volcans_National_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Gorilla_mother_and_baby_at_Volcans_National_Park.jpg/440px-Gorilla_mother_and_baby_at_Volcans_National_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>生活在<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%97%BA%E9%81%94%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92" title="盧旺達火山國家公園">卢旺达火山国家公园</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0%E5%A4%A7%E7%8C%A9%E7%8C%A9" title="山地大猩猩">山地大猩猩</a></figcaption></figure> 卢旺达的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="第三产业">第三产业</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%B0%E9%80%80" title="经济大衰退">经济大衰退</a>期间受到打击，银行贷款和外援项目及资金都有所减少<a href="#cite_note-Nantaba-2010-93">[93]</a>。不过到了2010年时，其所占经济比重已居全国首位，贡献了43.6%的GDP<a href="#cite_note-CIA_(I)-36">[36]</a>。其中表现较为突出的行业包括银行和金融业、批发和零售业、住宿和餐饮业、交通运输、仓储、通讯、保险、房地产、商务服务和包括教育与卫生在内的公共管理业<a href="#cite_note-Nantaba-2010-93">[93]</a>。卢旺达的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8%E4%B8%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="旅游业">旅游业</a>增长迅猛，2011年时已成为该国最重要的外汇收入来源<a href="#cite_note-Birakwate-2012-94">[94]</a>。尽管有过种族灭绝这样不光彩的过去，但国际上却越来越倾向于认为卢旺达是一个安全的好去处<a href="#cite_note-Nielsen-Spenceley-2010-95">[95]</a>:6。根据入境和移民署的统计，2011年1至6月共有40万5,801人到访卢旺达，其中16%来自非洲以外的国家和地区<a href="#cite_note-RDB_(III)-2011-96">[96]</a>，这半年内的旅游业收入则达到1亿1,560万美元，其中假日游客虽然人数只占9%，但却贡献了43%的消费<a href="#cite_note-RDB_(III)-2011-96">[96]</a>。卢旺达是世界上仅有的两个可以安全看到山地大猩猩的国家之一，卢旺达火山国家公园提供的大猩猩追踪服务每年都吸引了成千上万甘愿支付高价获取许可证的游客<a href="#cite_note-Nielsen-Spenceley-2010-95">[95]</a>:2。该国的其他景点还包括纽格威森林，这里是黑猩猩、鲁文佐里树栖疣猴和其它灵长类动物的栖息地；基伍湖度假胜地，以及位于卢旺达东部的阿卡盖拉国家公园，这里是一片小规模的热带草原保护区<a href="#cite_note-RDB_(IV)-97">[97]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="媒体和通信">媒体和通信</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：媒体和通信">编辑</a>]</div> 卢旺达最大的广播电台和电视台都是国营的。大部分卢旺达人都能够收听电台广播，卢旺达广播电台则是整个国家主要的新闻来源，而电视则基本局限在城市地区<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News_(V)-2011-98">[98]</a>。新闻界受到严格的限制，报纸经常进行自我审查以免受到政府的报复<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News_(V)-2011-98">[98]</a>。不过，批评政府的卢旺达语、英语和法语出版物在基加利还是随处可见。2010年卢旺达总统选举期间，媒体受到的限制有所加强，当地名为“Umuseso”和“Umuvugizi”的两家主要独立报纸受到了高级媒体理事会停办六个月的惩罚<a href="#cite_note-Reporters_Without_Borders-2010-99">[99]</a>。 卢旺达电信（Rwandatel）是成立最早的电信集团，向约2.3万用户提供<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1" title="固网电信">固网电信</a>服务，其中大部分是政府机构、银行、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="非政府组织">非政府组织</a>和大使馆<a href="#cite_note-Majyambere-2010-100">[100]</a>。全国的私人座机订购率很低，移动电话普及率相对较高，已从2011年的35%<a href="#cite_note-Butera-2011-03-101">[101]</a>提高到2013年的57%<a href="#cite_note-BiztechAfrica-2013-102">[102]</a>。<a href="/wiki/MTN%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="MTN集团">MTN</a>拥有约250万用户，是该国最大的移动电话服务提供商，其次是拥有70万用户的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E9%9B%B7%E5%BA%B7%E5%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米雷康姆（页面不存在）">Tigo</a><a href="#cite_note-Butera-2011-03-101">[101]</a>。2012年3月，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%9D%E9%9B%BB%E4%BF%A1" title="巴帝電信">巴帝电信</a>成为卢旺达的第三家移动电话服务提供商<a href="#cite_note-India_Tech_Online-2012-103">[103]</a>。卢旺达电信也曾也经营移动电话网络，但由于该公司没有做到之前许下的投资承诺，行业监管机构于2011年4月吊销了其执照<a href="#cite_note-Butera-2011-04-104">[104]</a>。卢旺达的互联网普及率很低，但增长迅速。2007年该国平均每100人中只有2.1位互联网用户，到2012年时已增长到8人<a href="#cite_note-World_Bank_(II)-105">[105]</a>。2011年，该国已架设了2300公里长的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AF%BC%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="光导纤维">光纤</a>电信网络，用来提供宽带服务并促进电子商务<a href="#cite_note-Reuters-2011-106">[106]</a>。该网络连接到了<a href="/wiki/SEACOM_(%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E9%9B%BB%E7%BA%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1)" title="SEACOM (非洲電纜系統)">SEACOM</a>，这是一家南部和东部非洲的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95%E9%9B%BB%E7%BA%9C" title="海底電纜">海底光纤电缆</a>通信运营商，其位于卢旺达境内的光缆则沿主要道路连接到全国各地的城镇<a href="#cite_note-Reuters-2011-106">[106]</a>。移动电话服务提供商MTN还在基加利大部分地区提供预付费的<a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a>服务<a href="#cite_note-Butera-2010-107">[107]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="基础设施">基础设施</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：基础设施">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WaterPumpRwanda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/WaterPumpRwanda.jpg/250px-WaterPumpRwanda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/WaterPumpRwanda.jpg/330px-WaterPumpRwanda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/WaterPumpRwanda.jpg/500px-WaterPumpRwanda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>卢旺达乡间的水泵</figcaption></figure> 进入21世纪后，卢旺达政府开始优先为供水需要提供资金，大幅增加了其在国家预算中所占比重<a href="#cite_note-IDA-2009-108">[108]</a>。这些拨款加上一些捐款，令该国的饮用水品质得到大幅改善。2005年时，全国55%的人口可以获得清洁的水源，到了2008年则已提高到73%<a href="#cite_note-IDA-2009-108">[108]</a>。该国的供水基础设施分城市和农村两种类别，其中城市大多采用私人连接，农村则以竖管为主。没有这些设施的地区则会使用手动水泵和有人管理的泉水<a href="#cite_note-MINECOFIN-2002-109">[109]</a>。虽然有许多地区的年降雨量在1000毫米以上<a href="#cite_note-BBC_Weather-71">[71]</a>，但可用于收集雨水的设施很少<a href="#cite_note-MINECOFIN-2002-109">[109]</a>。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E4%BE%9B%E6%B0%B4%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E8%AE%BE%E6%96%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卢旺达供水和卫生设施（页面不存在）">卫生设施</a>仍旧匮乏，联合国估计截至2006年时，仍然只有34%的城市居民和20%的农村居民能够使用得到改善的卫生设施<a href="#cite_note-USAID-2008-110">[110]</a>。政府政策中用于改善卫生设施的也相当有限，只能关注城市地区<a href="#cite_note-USAID-2008-110">[110]</a>。无论是生活在城市还是农村的大部分人口使用的都是卫生条件很差的公共<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B1%E5%BB%81" title="旱廁">旱厕</a><a href="#cite_note-USAID-2008-110">[110]</a>。 21世纪前，卢旺达的电力供应几乎完全来自<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%8A%9B%E5%8F%91%E7%94%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="水力发电">水力发电</a>，建在布雷拉湖和儒洪多湖上的水电站提供全国90%的电力<a href="#cite_note-World_Resources_Report-2011-111">[111]</a>:3。1990年起，由于降雨量低于平均水平，并且还存在居民引水灌溉等人类活动因素的影响，两湖水位开始下降，到2004年时，水位已降低了50%，导致发电站产能大幅下跌<a href="#cite_note-World_Resources_Report-2011-111">[111]</a>:5，再加上经济增长带来的需求增长，全国出现了严重的电力短缺，不得不进行大范围的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AE%E6%B5%81%E5%81%9C%E7%94%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="轮流停电（页面不存在）">轮流停电</a><a href="#cite_note-World_Resources_Report-2011-111">[111]</a>:5。政府在基加利以北安装了<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9%E5%8F%91%E7%94%B5%E6%9C%BA" title="柴油发电机">柴油发电机</a>来作为紧急措施，到2006年时已经用于提供全国56%的电力，但这样的发电方式成本太高<a href="#cite_note-World_Resources_Report-2011-111">[111]</a>:5。政府还制定了多项措施来缓解这个问题，例如重新安置居民，向布雷拉湖和儒洪多湖供水，以及为从基伍湖中提取甲烷气体的项目进行投资等，其中最后一个项目的第一阶段预期将把全国发电量提升40%<a href="#cite_note-AfDB-2011-112">[112]</a>。截至2013年，全国能够用上电的人口仍然只有6%<a href="#cite_note-MININFRA-2009-113">[113]</a>。 1994年的种族灭绝后，卢旺达政府在中华人民共和国、美国、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="欧洲联盟">欧盟</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>等国家和组织的帮助下加大了对<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卢旺达交通（页面不存在）">国内交通基础设施</a>的投资力度，現今盧旺達大眾交通基礎設施多為中國大陆企業承攬。交通系统以公路网络为主，通过铺面道路把基加利和全国其他大部分主要城市及城镇连接起来<a href="#cite_note-AfDB-OECD_Development_Centre-2006-114">[114]</a>。卢旺达通过公路连通了包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B9%B2%E8%BE%BE" title="乌干达">乌干达</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E6%A1%91%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="坦桑尼亚">坦桑尼亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B2%E9%9A%86%E5%9C%B0" title="蒲隆地">布隆迪</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="肯尼亚">肯尼亚</a>在内的多个东非国家，还连接到了刚果东部城市<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E9%A9%AC" title="戈马">戈马</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%8D%A1%E6%AD%A6" title="布卡武">布卡武</a>，该国最重要的贸易路线就是途经<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E5%B8%95%E6%8B%89" title="坎帕拉">坎帕拉</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E6%B4%9B%E6%AF%94" title="奈洛比">奈洛比</a>到达<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%B7%B4%E8%90%A8" title="蒙巴萨">蒙巴萨</a>的道路<a href="#cite_note-TTCA-2004-115">[115]</a>。卢旺达的公共交通以<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E4%B9%98%E5%87%BA%E7%A7%9F%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="合乘出租車">合乘出租车</a>为主。主要城市间有快速公路连接，还会向主要道路的沿途大多数村庄提供地方服务。旅客可乘<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E8%BD%A6" title="客车">长途汽车</a>前往多个邻近国家的目的地。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" title="基加利国际机场">基加利国际机场</a>是全国唯一的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" title="国际机场">国际机场</a>，提供一条国内航线和多条国际航线服务<a href="#cite_note-RwandAir-116">[116]</a>。截至2011年时，该国还没有<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="铁路">铁路</a>，但已进行拨款研究将坦桑尼亚的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF_(%E5%9D%A6%E6%A1%91%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A)" title="中央铁路 (坦桑尼亚)">中央线</a>延长到本国境内的可行性<a href="#cite_note-AfDB-2009-117">[117]</a>，另外，该国也正在规划建设<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%97%BA%E9%81%94%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%BB%8C%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="盧旺達標準軌鐵路">标准轨铁路</a><a href="#cite_note-1R-118">[118]</a>。基伍湖和港口城市之间没有公共用水输送系统，不过有一些私营机构提供有限的相应服务，政府也已发起鼓励提供全方位服务的计划<a href="#cite_note-AfDB-OECD_Development_Centre-2006-114">[114]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人口">人口</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：人口">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rwandan_children_at_Volcans_National_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Rwandan_children_at_Volcans_National_Park.jpg/250px-Rwandan_children_at_Volcans_National_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Rwandan_children_at_Volcans_National_Park.jpg/330px-Rwandan_children_at_Volcans_National_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Rwandan_children_at_Volcans_National_Park.jpg/500px-Rwandan_children_at_Volcans_National_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>乡间生活的儿童</figcaption></figure> 截至2012年，卢旺达人口估计达到11,689,696人<a href="#cite_note-CIA_(I)-36">[36]</a>，其结构以青年为主，估计15岁以下人数占到42.7%，65岁以下则有97.5%。全年人口出生率为每1,000人有40.2人，死亡率则是14.9<a href="#cite_note-CIA_(I)-36">[36]</a>。预期寿命58.02年（女性59.52年、男性56.57年），在全世界223个国家和地区中名列第197位<a href="#cite_note-CIA_(I)-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-CIA_(III)-2011-119">[119]</a>。全国的性别比则相对均衡<a href="#cite_note-CIA_(I)-36">[36]</a>。 卢旺达是非洲人口密度最高的国家之一，平均每平方公里土地上生活了408位居民。历史学家热拉尔·普鲁尼尔（Gérard Prunier）认为，这样高的人口密度也是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E7%81%AD%E7%BB%9D" title="卢旺达种族灭绝">1994年种族灭绝</a>的原因之一<a href="#cite_note-Prunier_1995-9">[9]</a>:4。全国人口大部分生活在农村，还有为数不多的一些城镇，人口分布相对均匀<a href="#cite_note-Department_of_State_(III)-2012-49">[49]</a>，只有乌姆塔拉省（Umutara，省份已不存在）的热带稀树草原和东部的阿卡盖拉国家公园人口稀少<a href="#cite_note-Streissguth-2007-120">[120]</a>。基加利拥有约100万人口，是全国人口最多的城市<a href="#cite_note-Kigali_City-121">[121]</a>。人口的快速增长使卢旺达的基礎建設不勝負荷<a href="#cite_note-CIA_(I)-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Percival-Homer-Dixon-1995-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-REMA_(Chapter_2)-2009-123">[123]</a>。其它几个较著名的城市有<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%A1%94%E6%8B%89%E9%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="吉塔拉馬">吉塔拉马</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%A1%94%E9%9B%B7%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="布塔雷市">布塔雷市</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%BC" title="吉塞尼">吉塞尼</a>，人口均少于10万<a href="#cite_note-National_Census_Service_2003-124">[124]</a>:26。1990年时，卢旺达的城市人口占比为6%<a href="#cite_note-Percival-Homer-Dixon-1995-122">[122]</a>，到2006年则提高到了16.6%<a href="#cite_note-National_Institute_of_Statistics_of_Rwanda-2012-22">[22]</a>:29，不过，这个比例到2011年时又下跌到了14.8%<a href="#cite_note-National_Institute_of_Statistics_of_Rwanda-2012-22">[22]</a>:29。 卢旺达从殖民时代前就一直是一个统一的国家<a href="#cite_note-Appiah-Gates-2010-11">[11]</a>，其人口均属<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴尼亚卢旺达人（页面不存在）">巴尼亚卢旺达人</a>这一个民族和语言团体<a href="#cite_note-Mamdani_2002-7">[7]</a>:52；而现今大部分非洲国家的边界都是由欧美国家划分，并且没有对应的种族界限<a href="#cite_note-Boyd-1979-125">[125]</a>。巴尼亚卢旺达人之中又主要分为三大族群，分别是胡图族（2009年时占总人口比例的84%）、图西族（占15%）和特瓦族（占1%）<a href="#cite_note-Prunier_1995-9">[9]</a>:5<a href="#cite_note-CIA_(I)-36">[36]</a>。特瓦族是卢旺达最早居民俾格米人的后代，而学术界对胡图族和图西族的差异和起源尚未达成共識<a href="#cite_note-Mamdani_2002-7">[7]</a>:46-47。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="人类学">人类学家</a>让·海恩纳克斯（Jean Hiernaux）认为图西族属独立种族，其头、脸和鼻都较为狭长<a href="#cite_note-Mamdani_2002-7">[7]</a>:47，维里亚·杰弗里慕瓦斯（Villia Jefremovas）则认为两个民族没有明显的生理差异，并且其分类也不是历史上所固有的<a href="#cite_note-Jefremovas-1995-126">[126]</a>。殖民时代前，图西族是卢旺达地区的统治阶级，国王和大部分酋长都属该族，而胡图族人则以农耕为主<a href="#cite_note-Prunier_1995-9">[9]</a>:11-12。当今的卢旺达政府将身份证件上不同种族的分类去除，希望能够逐渐消除胡图族、图西族和特瓦族之间的差异<a href="#cite_note-Coleman-2010-127">[127]</a>。 <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RwamaganaChurch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/RwamaganaChurch.jpg/220px-RwamaganaChurch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/RwamaganaChurch.jpg/330px-RwamaganaChurch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/RwamaganaChurch.jpg/440px-RwamaganaChurch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2121" data-file-height="1412" /></a><figcaption>位于<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E7%93%A6%E9%A6%AC%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="盧瓦馬加納">卢瓦马加纳</a>的罗马天主教堂</figcaption></figure> 大多数卢旺达人都是天主教徒，但在种族灭绝后，全国的宗教人口分布已经有了显著变化，许多人皈依<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="福音神学">福音</a>派基督教<a href="#cite_note-Walker-2004-04-128">[128]</a>。根据2012年的统计数据，全国44%的人口信奉<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="天主教">天主教</a>，38%是<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" class="mw-redirect" title="新教徒">新教徒</a>，12%属<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%A4%8D%E4%B8%B4%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E6%97%A5%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="基督复临安息日会">基督复临安息日会</a>，还有0.3%的人口是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="穆斯林">穆斯林</a>（根据2006年的统计数据56.5%的人口信奉天主教，26%是新教徒，11.1%屬基督復臨安息日會<a href="#cite_note-Department_of_State_(II)-2007-129">[129]</a>）。传统宗教的正式信众（根据1991年的统计）仅占人口的千分之一，但仍有一定影响力。许多卢旺达人认为<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="基督教中的神">基督教中的神</a>与传统的卢旺达神明“伊玛纳”（Imana）实际上是相同的<a href="#cite_note-Wiredu-Abraham-Irele-Menkiti-2006-130">[130]</a>。 卢旺达的主要语言是大部分卢旺达人都会说的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="卢旺达语">卢旺达语</a>，殖民时代的主要欧洲语言先是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语">德语</a>，然后是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语">法语</a>，其中后者是由比利时人传入，并且直到卢旺达独立后仍然是广泛使用的官方语种<a href="#cite_note-Université_Laval-2010-131">[131]</a>。20世纪末从乌干达或其他地区涌入的难民<a href="#cite_note-Université_Laval-2010-131">[131]</a>及其后代以<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>为主要语言，因此和国内的法语人口间形成了语言上的鸿沟<a href="#cite_note-Samuelson-Freedman-2010-132">[132]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="卢旺达语">卢旺达语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语">法语</a>都是该国的官方语言。政府部门多使用卢旺达语，而教学则以英语为主。东非地区<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="通用语">通用</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B8%8C%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="斯瓦希里语">斯瓦希里语</a>也是卢旺达人广泛使用的语言，特别是在农村地区<a href="#cite_note-Samuelson-Freedman-2010-132">[132]</a>。此外，生活在寇伯岛（Nkombo Island）上的居民会说一种名为“Amashi”的语言，这种语言和卢旺达语有着密切的联系<a href="#cite_note-Nakayima-2010-133">[133]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文化">文化</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：文化">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rwanda_IntoreDancers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Rwanda_IntoreDancers.jpg/250px-Rwanda_IntoreDancers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Rwanda_IntoreDancers.jpg/330px-Rwanda_IntoreDancers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Rwanda_IntoreDancers.jpg/500px-Rwanda_IntoreDancers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="1671" /></a><figcaption>卢旺达传统舞蹈表演者</figcaption></figure> 音乐和舞蹈是卢旺达的仪式、节庆、社交聚会，以及评书弹词活动中的组成部分。最知名的传统舞蹈经过精心编排，包含三大部分：一种是由女性表演的“umushagiriro”，又名牛舞<a href="#cite_note-Rwanda_Development_Gateway-134">[134]</a>；第二种是由男性表演的“intore”，又名英雄之舞<a href="#cite_note-Rwanda_Development_Gateway-134">[134]</a>；还有一种是击鼓舞，传统上也是由男性表演，使用的鼓称为ingoma<a href="#cite_note-RMCA-135">[135]</a>。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%AD%8C%E8%88%9E%E5%9B%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卢旺达国家歌舞团（页面不存在）">卢旺达国家歌舞团</a>是该国最具知名度的舞蹈团，由总统朱韦纳尔·哈比亚利马纳在1974年设立，经常在国内和国际上进行演出<a href="#cite_note-Briggs-2004-136">[136]</a>。音乐传统上是由口头传授，不同社会群体的音乐风格也相应不同。鼓是非常重要的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%90%E5%99%A8" title="乐器">乐器</a>，皇家鼓手在国王的宫廷中享有很高的地位<a href="#cite_note-Adekunle-2007-73">[73]</a>:135-136。鼓手也会组团进行演奏，规模通常为7至9人<a href="#cite_note-Adekunle-2007-73">[73]</a>:139。该国的流行音乐也在不断发展，乐风主要受到东非、刚果和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="美国音乐">美国音乐</a>的影响。<a href="/wiki/%E5%98%BB%E5%93%88" title="嘻哈">嘻哈</a>是最受欢迎的曲风，其中融合了<a href="/wiki/%E9%A5%B6%E8%88%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="饶舌">饶舌</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%B7%E6%A0%BC%E4%B9%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雷格乐（页面不存在）">雷格乐</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%82%E5%A5%8F%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF" title="节奏布鲁斯">节奏布鲁斯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%9E%E8%B9%88%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" class="mw-redirect" title="舞蹈流行音乐">舞蹈流行音乐</a>的特点<a href="#cite_note-Mbabazi-2008-137">[137]</a>。 <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Igiseke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Igiseke.jpg/250px-Igiseke.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Igiseke.jpg/330px-Igiseke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Igiseke.jpg/500px-Igiseke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1486" data-file-height="2331" /></a><figcaption>卢旺达人编织的篮子</figcaption></figure> 全国各地都会生产传统工艺和美术品，不过其中大部分最初都属实用工具，而非纯粹作为装饰。编织篮和碗尤为普遍<a href="#cite_note-Adekunle-2007-73">[73]</a>:68-70。卢旺达的东南部制造有一种使用牛粪制作，名为“Imigongo”的独特艺术品，其历史可以追溯到该区域尚属吉萨卡（Gisaka）独立王国组成部分的时代。创作使用的牛粪中混有各种颜色的天然土壤，将其涂成隆起的几何形状图案<a href="#cite_note-Briggs-Booth-2006-66">[66]</a>:243-244。其他工艺品包括陶器和木雕<a href="#cite_note-Briggs-Booth-2006-66">[66]</a>:31。传统房屋大多就地取材，大多为圆形或长方泥，使用泥土搭建并配以茅草制成的屋顶。政府已启动计划，使用像波纹铁之类更为现代化的材料取代传统建材<a href="#cite_note-Ntambara-2009-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-Adekunle-2007-73">[73]</a>:75。 卢旺达的书面文学历史较短，但从<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C" title="诗歌">诗歌</a>到<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%BF%97%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="民俗学">民俗</a>在内的多个领域都有着悠久的口述传统，该国的许多道德观念和历史详情都是如此世代传承下来<a href="#cite_note-King_2007-8">[8]</a>:105。已故作家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%85%8B%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%8A%A0%E6%A2%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚历克西斯·卡加梅（页面不存在）">亚历克西斯·卡加梅</a>（Alexis Kagame）是卢旺达最具影响的文学代表人物，他出版了自己对口述传统的研究成果，并创作了大量的诗歌<a href="#cite_note-Briggs-Booth-2006-66">[66]</a>:29。卢旺达大屠杀成为许多文艺作品的素材，如记录目击者证词的记实文学，包括本杰明·赛恩（Benjamin Sehene）在内的新生代作家创作的<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A3%E6%96%87" title="散文">散文</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4" title="小说">小说</a>。还有多部电影也是以这起惨案为题材，如曾获<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E9%87%91%E5%83%8F%E5%A5%96" title="奥斯卡金像奖">奥斯卡金像奖</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%90%83%E5%A5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="金球奖">金球奖</a>提名的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E9%A5%AD%E5%BA%97" title="卢旺达饭店">卢旺达饭店</a>》<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a>，《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8E%E6%81%B6%E9%AD%94%E6%90%BA%E6%89%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="与恶魔携手（页面不存在）">与恶魔携手</a>》（[Shake Hands with the Devil] 错误：{{Lang}}：文本有斜体标记（<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang%E5%92%8Clang-xx%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF" title="Category:Lang和lang-xx模板错误">帮助</a>））、《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A3%E8%A1%80%E5%9B%9B%E6%9C%88" title="泣血四月">泣血四月</a>》和《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%80%E6%88%AE%E7%A6%81%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="杀戮禁区（页面不存在）">杀戮禁区</a>》（[Shooting Dogs] 错误：{{Lang}}：文本有斜体标记（<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang%E5%92%8Clang-xx%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF" title="Category:Lang和lang-xx模板错误">帮助</a>））等，其中后两部是在卢旺达实地拍摄，并且还有当年的幸存者参与演出<a href="#cite_note-Milmo-2006-141">[141]</a>。 卢旺达每年有11个国家法定节假日，政府偶尔还会安排其他公众假期<a href="#cite_note-Embassy_of_Rwanda_in_Sudan-142">[142]</a>。4月7日是种族灭绝惨案的纪念日，其后的一星期则是官方正式的哀悼周<a href="#cite_note-Directorate_General_of_Immigration_and_Emigration-143">[143]</a>。每年的7月4日是<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E6%97%A5" title="解放日">解放日</a>，用来庆祝卢旺达爱国阵线战胜胡图族极端分子。每个月的最后一个星期六则是“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%A7%86%E7%94%98%E8%BE%BE" title="乌姆甘达">乌姆甘达</a>”（[umuganda] 错误：{{Lang}}：文本有斜体标记（<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang%E5%92%8Clang-xx%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF" title="Category:Lang和lang-xx模板错误">帮助</a>）），为全国性节日，期间人们从早上8点到11点从事社区义务劳动<a href="#cite_note-Gahindiro-2008-144">[144]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="饮食">饮食</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：饮食">编辑</a>]</div> 卢旺达的饮食主要由当地自给农业生产的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A3%9F" title="主食">主食</a>制作，如香蕉、大蕉（当地称“Ibitoke）”、<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%AA%E8%96%AF" title="番薯">番薯</a>、豆类、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%96%AF" title="木薯">木薯</a>等<a href="#cite_note-Adekunle-2007-73">[73]</a>:81。大部分卢旺达人一个月只会吃为数不多的几次肉食<a href="#cite_note-Adekunle-2007-73">[73]</a>:81。<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%9D%9E%E9%B1%BC" title="罗非鱼">罗非鱼</a>很受住在湖边或是其他能捕到鱼地区的居民欢迎<a href="#cite_note-Adekunle-2007-73">[73]</a>:81。土豆据称是由德国和比利时<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="新帝国主义">殖民者</a>引入卢旺达，也很受当地人的欢迎<a href="#cite_note-Adekunle-2007-73">[73]</a>:13。“<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E4%BC%BD%E9%BB%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乌伽黎（页面不存在）">乌伽黎</a>”（Ubugari，又称umutsima）是一种用木薯或玉米配水调制成的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="糊">糊</a>状食品，东非其他许多国家和地区也会食用<a href="#cite_note-Auzias-2007-145">[145]</a>。“Isombe”由捣碎的木薯叶制成，与鱼干一起食用<a href="#cite_note-Adekunle-2007-73">[73]</a>:13。午餐通常是自助餐形式，人称“mélange”（有“混杂堆积”之意），其中包括上文提及的主食，有些还会有肉食<a href="#cite_note-Briggs-Booth-2006-66">[66]</a>:66。如果晚间外出就餐，最受欢迎的食物则是串烧，食材以羊肉最为常见，偶尔也会有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E8%82%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牛肚（页面不存在）">牛肚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E8%82%89" title="牛肉">牛肉</a>和鱼肉<a href="#cite_note-Briggs-Booth-2006-66">[66]</a>:66。农村地区的许多酒吧会有专门销售串烧食品的卖家，他们会照料和屠宰<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E7%BE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="山羊">山羊</a>，串烧或<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%A7%E7%83%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="烧烤">烧烤</a>羊肉，还会向食客提供烤香蕉一起食用<a href="#cite_note-Anyango-2010-146">[146]</a>。牛奶，特别是人称“ikivuguto”的发酵酸奶，在全国各地都是很常见的饮料<a href="#cite_note-Nzabuheraheza-2005-147">[147]</a>。其它饮品包括一种名为“urwagwa”的传统啤酒，由高粱或香蕉酿制而成，在传统仪式和庆典中很常见<a href="#cite_note-Adekunle-2007-73">[73]</a>:13。卢旺达酿造的商业<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%A4%E9%85%92" title="啤酒">啤酒</a>则包括普里默斯（Primus）、米齐格（Mützig）和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94%E5%95%A4%E9%85%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿姆斯特尔啤酒（页面不存在）">阿姆斯特尔</a>（Amstel）多个品牌<a href="#cite_note-Auzias-2007-145">[145]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="体育">体育</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：体育">编辑</a>]</div> 从国际上来看，卢旺达的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%AE%E7%90%83" title="篮球">篮球</a>运动员表现最为出色，其国家队已连续四度打入<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E7%B1%83%E7%90%83%E9%8C%A6%E6%A8%99%E8%B3%BD" title="非洲籃球錦標賽">非洲篮球锦标赛</a>的最后阶段，还曾申办2013年的赛事<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a>，不过最终赢得申办权的是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9%E8%BF%AA%E7%93%A6" title="科特迪瓦">科特迪瓦</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="教育和卫生">教育和卫生</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：教育和卫生">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rwanda_Classroom_edited.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Rwanda_Classroom_edited.png/220px-Rwanda_Classroom_edited.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Rwanda_Classroom_edited.png/330px-Rwanda_Classroom_edited.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Rwanda_Classroom_edited.png/440px-Rwanda_Classroom_edited.png 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>卢旺达一所中学的学子</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OLPC_classroom_teaching.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/OLPC_classroom_teaching.JPG/220px-OLPC_classroom_teaching.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/OLPC_classroom_teaching.JPG/330px-OLPC_classroom_teaching.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/OLPC_classroom_teaching.JPG/440px-OLPC_classroom_teaching.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3128" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/OLPC" title="OLPC">OLPC</a>课堂教学</figcaption></figure> 卢旺达政府通过国营学校提供9年的免费教育，其中6年小学，其后是前3年的普通中学课程<a href="#cite_note-MINEDUC-2010-150">[150]</a>。2010年，总统卡加梅在连任选举中宣布，自己计划把免费教育的年限再延长三年，涵盖整个中学课程<a href="#cite_note-Musoni-2010-151">[151]</a>。但是，一方面上学必须要购买校服和课本，另一方面还需要承担家里的各种需要，所以许多穷苦人家的孩子仍然无法上学<a href="#cite_note-Briggs-Booth-2006-66">[66]</a>:27。全国各地还有多所私立学校，其中部分是由教会开办，遵循与公立学校一样的教学大纲，但需要收取费用<a href="#cite_note-Briggs-Booth-2006-66">[66]</a>:27。1994至2009年间，卢旺达的中学教育会以法语或英语授课，但由于该国与东非共同体和英语世界的联系日渐紧密，2009年后开始只提供英语教学大纲<a href="#cite_note-McGreal-2009-152">[152]</a>。卢旺达还拥有多所高等院校，其中又以<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卢旺达国立大学（页面不存在）">卢旺达国立大学</a>、基加利科技学院和基加利教育学院最具知名度<a href="#cite_note-Briggs-Booth-2006-66">[66]</a>:27。2011年卢旺达的高等教育<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E5%85%A5%E5%AD%A6%E7%8E%87" title="毛入学率">毛入学率</a>已从2008年的4%提高到7%<a href="#cite_note-World_Bank_(III)-153">[153]</a>。该国2009年的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%98%E5%AD%97" title="識字">识字率</a>（指大于或等于15岁国民中能够读和写的人数比）为71%，与1978年的38%和1991年的58%相比都有了大幅度提升<a href="#cite_note-World_Bank_(I)-154">[154]</a>。卢旺达从2009年开始参与了开源和开放硬件教育项目<a href="/wiki/OLPC" title="OLPC">OLPC</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a>，截至2013年时已经分发了40万台XO-XS<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E6%9C%AC%E7%94%B5%E8%84%91" class="mw-redirect" title="笔记本电脑">笔记本电脑</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a>。 <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Butaro_Hospital.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Butaro_Hospital.jpg/220px-Butaro_Hospital.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Butaro_Hospital.jpg/330px-Butaro_Hospital.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Butaro_Hospital.jpg/440px-Butaro_Hospital.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>位于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8%E7%9C%81_(%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE)" title="北部省 (卢旺达)">北部省</a>布雷拉的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%A1%94%E6%B4%9B%E9%86%AB%E9%99%A2" title="布塔洛醫院">布塔洛医院</a></figcaption></figure> 卢旺达的医疗保健质量普遍较低，但一直在加以改善。2010年时，每1000名新生儿中会有56位在5岁生日前夭折<a href="#cite_note-UNICEF-2012-157">[157]</a>，其中大部分死于<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B9%E6%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="腹泻">腹泻</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%96%9F%E7%96%BE" title="疟疾">疟疾</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E" title="肺炎">肺炎</a><a href="#cite_note-Kabalira-2012-158">[158]</a>，不过与2000年的182人相比已经有了大幅改善<a href="#cite_note-UNICEF-2012-157">[157]</a>。该国缺乏合格的医疗专业人员，还缺少多种药品<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2009-159">[159]</a>:10，全国有87%的居民能够获得医疗服务，但平均每十万人中仅有两位医生和两位护理人员<a href="#cite_note-UNDP_(I)-2007-160">[160]</a>。政府正在寻求改善这一状况，这也成为该国“<a href="/wiki/2020%E5%B9%B4%E5%AE%8F%E9%A1%98_(%E7%9B%A7%E6%97%BA%E9%81%94)" title="2020年宏願 (盧旺達)">2020年宏願</a>”发展计划的一部分。2008年，政府将国家支出的9.7%用于医疗保健，与1996年的3.2%相比有显著提高<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2009-159">[159]</a>:10。政府还开设了包括基加利卫生学院在内的多所培训机构<a href="#cite_note-KHI-2012-161">[161]</a>。2008年，卢旺达开始实行全民强制医疗保险<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2008-162">[162]</a>，到2010年时已经覆盖了超过90%的人口<a href="#cite_note-McNeil-2010-163">[163]</a>。一些疾病的患病率不断下降，例如孕妇和新生儿的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E4%BC%A4%E9%A3%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="破伤风">破伤风</a>已经消除<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2009-159">[159]</a>:4，疟疾的<a href="/wiki/%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="疾病">发病率</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E7%8E%87" title="死亡率">死亡率</a>和杀伤力都有了大幅降低<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2009-159">[159]</a>:5。但是，卢旺达的卫生形势依然严峻，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85" class="mw-redirect" title="传染病">传染性疾病</a>对居民的健康构成很大威胁<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2009-159">[159]</a>:4。全国<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E6%BB%8B%E7%97%85" title="艾滋病">艾滋病</a>和艾滋病毒感染率在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="世界卫生组织">世界卫生组织</a>的分类中属广泛流行类，估计在15至49岁年龄段中有7.3%的城市居民和2.2%的农村居民艾滋病毒呈阳性<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2009-159">[159]</a>:5。 <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料">参考资料</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：参考资料">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-RW-1"><a href="#cite_ref-RW_1-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda. <a 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National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda. 2019 [2019]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160529185704/http://www.statistics.gov.rw/publication/size-resident-population/">存档</a>于2016-05-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.au=National+Institute+of+Statistics+of+Rwanda&rft.btitle=Size+of+the+resident+population&rft.date=2019&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=National+Institute+of+Statistics+of+Rwanda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.rw%2Fpublication%2Fsize-resident-population%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFWEORW-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEORW_2-0">2.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEORW_2-1">2.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEORW_2-2">2.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEORW_2-3">2.3</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/April/weo-report?c=714,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2027&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">Rwanda</a>. World Economic Outlook Database. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund (IMF)</a>. April 2022 [2022-07-26]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220726083055/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/April/weo-report?c=714,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2027&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">存档</a>于2022-07-26） （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.atitle=Rwanda&rft.date=2022-04&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2022%2FApril%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D714%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2020%26ey%3D2027%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-wb-gini-3"><a href="#cite_ref-wb-gini_3-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/">Gini Index</a>. World Bank. [2014-04-15]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140327132735/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI">存档</a>于2014-03-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.btitle=Gini+Index&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSI.POV.GINI%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181024144212/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2018_summary_human_development_statistical_update_en.pdf">Human Development Report 2019</a> (PDF). UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME. [2019-12-22]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2019.pdf">原始内容</a> (PDF)存档于2018-10-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2019&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=UNITED+NATIONS+DEVELOPMENT+PROGRAMME&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fhdr2019.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Chrétien_2003-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chrétien_2003_5-0">5.00</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chrétien_2003_5-1">5.01</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chrétien_2003_5-2">5.02</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chrétien_2003_5-3">5.03</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chrétien_2003_5-4">5.04</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chrétien_2003_5-5">5.05</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chrétien_2003_5-6">5.06</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chrétien_2003_5-7">5.07</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chrétien_2003_5-8">5.08</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chrétien_2003_5-9">5.09</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chrétien_2003_5-10">5.10</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chrétien_2003_5-11">5.11</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chrétien_2003_5-12">5.12</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chrétien_2003_5-13">5.13</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chrétien_2003_5-14">5.14</a> <cite class="citation book">Chrétien, Jean-Pierre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Ezo5PQAACAAJ">The Great Lakes of Africa: Two Thousand Years of History</a>. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. 2003 [2014-04-15]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-890951-34-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-890951-34-4">ISBN 978-1-890951-34-4</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130610005001/http://books.google.com/books?id=Ezo5PQAACAAJ">存档</a>于2013-06-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.aufirst=Jean-Pierre&rft.aulast=Chr%C3%A9tien&rft.btitle=The+Great+Lakes+of+Africa%3A+Two+Thousand+Years+of+History&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-890951-34-4&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass.&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEzo5PQAACAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Dorsey_1994-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Dorsey_1994_6-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Dorsey, Learthen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000dors">Historical Dictionary of Rwanda</a>. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press. 1994: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000dors/page/36">36</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8108-2820-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8108-2820-9">ISBN 978-0-8108-2820-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.aufirst=Learthen&rft.aulast=Dorsey&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Rwanda&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-2820-9&rft.pages=36&rft.place=Metuchen%2C+N.J.&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricaldictio0000dors&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Mamdani_2002-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mamdani_2002_7-0">7.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mamdani_2002_7-1">7.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mamdani_2002_7-2">7.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mamdani_2002_7-3">7.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mamdani_2002_7-4">7.4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mamdani_2002_7-5">7.5</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mamdani_2002_7-6">7.6</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mamdani_2002_7-7">7.7</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mamdani_2002_7-8">7.8</a> <cite class="citation book">Mamdani, Mahmood. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=QUEamxb89JcC">When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda</a>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. 2002 [2014-04-15]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-691-10280-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-691-10280-1">ISBN 978-0-691-10280-1</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210217064045/https://books.google.com/books?id=QUEamxb89JcC">存档</a>于2021-02-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.aufirst=Mahmood&rft.aulast=Mamdani&rft.btitle=When+Victims+Become+Killers%3A+Colonialism%2C+Nativism%2C+and+the+Genocide+in+Rwanda&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-691-10280-1&rft.place=Princeton%2C+N.J.&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQUEamxb89JcC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-King_2007-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-King_2007_8-0">8.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-King_2007_8-1">8.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-King_2007_8-2">8.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-King_2007_8-3">8.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-King_2007_8-4">8.4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-King_2007_8-5">8.5</a> <a href="#cite_ref-King_2007_8-6">8.6</a> <a href="#cite_ref-King_2007_8-7">8.7</a> <cite class="citation book">King, David C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=1yLx1zSuh_QC">Rwanda (Cultures of the World)</a>. New York, N.Y.: Benchmark Books. 2007 [2014-04-15]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7614-2333-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7614-2333-1">ISBN 978-0-7614-2333-1</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200930190813/https://books.google.com/books?id=1yLx1zSuh_QC">存档</a>于2020-09-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.aufirst=David+C.&rft.aulast=King&rft.btitle=Rwanda+%28Cultures+of+the+World%29&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-2333-1&rft.place=New+York%2C+N.Y.&rft.pub=Benchmark+Books&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1yLx1zSuh_QC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Prunier_1995-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Prunier_1995_9-0">9.00</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prunier_1995_9-1">9.01</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prunier_1995_9-2">9.02</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prunier_1995_9-3">9.03</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prunier_1995_9-4">9.04</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prunier_1995_9-5">9.05</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prunier_1995_9-6">9.06</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prunier_1995_9-7">9.07</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prunier_1995_9-8">9.08</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prunier_1995_9-9">9.09</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prunier_1995_9-10">9.10</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prunier_1995_9-11">9.11</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prunier_1995_9-12">9.12</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prunier_1995_9-13">9.13</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prunier_1995_9-14">9.14</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prunier_1995_9-15">9.15</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prunier_1995_9-16">9.16</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prunier_1995_9-17">9.17</a> <cite class="citation book">Prunier, Gérard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.hk/books/about/The_Rwanda_Crisis_1959_1994.html?id=6hwCdeYHZKcC">The Rwanda Crisis, 1959–1994: History of a Genocide</a> 2nd. London: C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. 1995 [2014-04-15]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-85065-243-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-85065-243-4">ISBN 978-1-85065-243-4</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140416180325/http://books.google.com.hk/books/about/The_Rwanda_Crisis_1959_1994.html?id=6hwCdeYHZKcC">存档</a>于2014-04-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rft.aulast=Prunier&rft.btitle=The+Rwanda+Crisis%2C+1959%E2%80%931994%3A+History+of+a+Genocide&rft.date=1995&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-85065-243-4&rft.place=London&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.+Publishers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.hk%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2FThe_Rwanda_Crisis_1959_1994.html%3Fid%3D6hwCdeYHZKcC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Shyaka-10"><a href="#cite_ref-Shyaka_10-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Shyaka, Anastase. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/4746/3833.pdf?sequence=1">The Rwandan Conflict: Origin, Development, Exit Strategies</a> (PDF). National Unity and Reconciliation Commission, Republic of Rwanda: 10-11. [2014-04-15]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131229111858/http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/4746/3833.pdf?sequence=1">存档</a> (PDF)于2013-12-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.aufirst=Anastase&rft.aulast=Shyaka&rft.btitle=The+Rwandan+Conflict%3A+Origin%2C+Development%2C+Exit+Strategies&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pages=10-11&rft.pub=National+Unity+and+Reconciliation+Commission%2C+Republic+of+Rwanda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frepositories.lib.utexas.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F2152%2F4746%2F3833.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Appiah-Gates-2010-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Appiah-Gates-2010_11-0">11.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Appiah-Gates-2010_11-1">11.1</a> <cite class="citation book">Appiah, Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=A0XNvklcqbwC">Encyclopedia of Africa, Volume 1</a> illustrated. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2010: 450 [2014-04-15]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-19-533770-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-19-533770-9">ISBN 978-0-19-533770-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.au=Gates%2C+Henry+Louis&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.aulast=Appiah&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Africa%2C+Volume+1&rft.date=2010&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-19-533770-9&rft.pages=450&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DA0XNvklcqbwC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Gourevitch-2000-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gourevitch-2000_12-0">12.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gourevitch-2000_12-1">12.1</a> <cite class="citation book">Gourevitch, Philip. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=8OiMfpTiApQC">We Wish To Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed With Our Families</a> Reprint. London; New York, N.Y.: Picador. 2000 [2014-04-15]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-330-37120-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-330-37120-9">ISBN 978-0-330-37120-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.aulast=Gourevitch&rft.btitle=We+Wish+To+Inform+You+That+Tomorrow+We+Will+Be+Killed+With+Our+Families&rft.date=2000&rft.edition=Reprint&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-330-37120-9&rft.place=London%3B+New+York%2C+N.Y.&rft.pub=Picador&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D8OiMfpTiApQC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-United_Nations_(II)-13"><a href="#cite_ref-United_Nations_(II)_13-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">United Nations (II). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/en/decolonization/its.shtml">International Trusteeship System</a>. [2014-04-15]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140412173643/http://www.un.org/en/decolonization/its.shtml">存档</a>于2014-04-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.au=United+Nations+%28II%29&rft.btitle=International+Trusteeship+System&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fdecolonization%2Fits.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-United_Nations_(III)-14"><a href="#cite_ref-United_Nations_(III)_14-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">United Nations (III). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/en/decolonization/nonselfgov.shtml">Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories (1945–1999)</a>. [2014-04-15]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140412164540/http://www.un.org/en/decolonization/nonselfgov.shtml">存档</a>于2014-04-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.au=United+Nations+%28III%29&rft.btitle=Trust+and+Non-Self-Governing+Territories+%281945%E2%80%931999%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fdecolonization%2Fnonselfgov.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-UNPO-2008-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNPO-2008_15-0">15.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNPO-2008_15-1">15.1</a> <cite class="citation web">Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unpo.org/members/7861">Batwa</a>. 2008-03-25 [2014-04-15]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140402134444/http://unpo.org/members/7861">存档</a>于2014-04-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.au=Unrepresented+Nations+and+Peoples+Organization+%28UNPO%29&rft.btitle=Batwa&rft.date=2008-03-25&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unpo.org%2Fmembers%2F7861&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_News_(III)-2010-16"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News_(III)-2010_16-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">BBC News (III). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8453832.stm">Hutus 'killed Rwanda President Juvenal Habyarimana'</a>. 2010-01-12 [2014-04-15]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130601115647/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8453832.stm">存档</a>于2013-06-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.atitle=Hutus+%27killed+Rwanda+President+Juvenal+Habyarimana%27&rft.au=BBC+News+%28III%29&rft.date=2010-01-12&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2F8453832.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Henley-2007-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Henley-2007_17-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Henley, Jon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/oct/31/rwanda.theatre">Scar tissue</a>. The Guardian (London). 2007-10-31 [2014-04-15]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140224022044/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/oct/31/rwanda.theatre">存档</a>于2014-02-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.atitle=Scar+tissue&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft.aulast=Henley&rft.date=2007-10-31&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2007%2Foct%2F31%2Frwanda.theatre&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Dallaire-2005-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dallaire-2005_18-0">18.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dallaire-2005_18-1">18.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dallaire-2005_18-2">18.2</a> <cite class="citation book">Dallaire, Roméo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Ja2hQgAACAAJ">Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda</a>. London: Arrow. 2005 [2014-04-15]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-09-947893-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-09-947893-5">ISBN 978-0-09-947893-5</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201028001304/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ja2hQgAACAAJ">存档</a>于2020-10-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.aufirst=Rom%C3%A9o&rft.aulast=Dallaire&rft.btitle=Shake+Hands+with+the+Devil%3A+The+Failure+of+Humanity+in+Rwanda&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-09-947893-5&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Arrow&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJa2hQgAACAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_News_(VI)-2010-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News_(VI)-2010_19-0">19.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News_(VI)-2010_19-1">19.1</a> <cite class="citation news">BBC News (VI). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-11108589">Q&A: DR Congo conflict</a>. 2010-08-27 [2014-04-16]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140311044311/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-11108589">存档</a>于2014-03-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.atitle=Q%26A%3A+DR+Congo+conflict&rft.au=BBC+News+%28VI%29&rft.date=2010-08-27&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-11108589&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-UNDP_(III)-2010-20"><a href="#cite_ref-UNDP_(III)-2010_20-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (III). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131113093156/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Table2.pdf">Human Development Index Trends, 1980–2010</a> (PDF). 2010 [2013-11-13]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Table2.pdf">原始内容</a> (PDF)存档于2013-11-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.au=United+Nations+Development+Programme+%28UNDP%29+%28III%29&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Index+Trends%2C+1980%E2%80%932010&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fen%2Fmedia%2FHDR_2010_EN_Table2.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-RDB_(I)-2009-21"><a href="#cite_ref-RDB_(I)-2009_21-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Rwanda Development Board (RDB) (I). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120511233622/http://www.rwandatourism.com/tourism_performance_2008.htm">Tourism and Conservation Performance in 2008</a>. 2009-01-06 [2012-05-11]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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The Scotsman (Edinburgh). 2009-11-30 [2014-04-16]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130615101302/http://www.scotsman.com/news/uk/rwanda-accepted-into-commonwealth-only-15-years-after-genocide-1-770271">存档</a>于2013-06-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.atitle=Rwanda+accepted+into+Commonwealth+only+15+years+after+genocide&rft.aufirst=Pascal&rft.aulast=Fletcher&rft.date=2009-11-30&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Scotsman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotsman.com%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Frwanda-accepted-into-commonwealth-only-15-years-after-genocide-1-770271&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Department_of_State_(III)-2012-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Department_of_State_(III)-2012_49-0">49.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Department_of_State_(III)-2012_49-1">49.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Department_of_State_(III)-2012_49-2">49.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Department_of_State_(III)-2012_49-3">49.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Department_of_State_(III)-2012_49-4">49.4</a> <cite class="citation web">Department of State (III). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2861.htm">Background Note: Rwanda</a>. Background Notes. 2012 [2014-04-16]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140412174137/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2861.htm">存档</a>于2014-04-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.atitle=Background+Note%3A+Rwanda&rft.au=Department+of+State+%28III%29&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Background+Notes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fr%2Fpa%2Fei%2Fbgn%2F2861.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-USA_Today-2008-50"><a href="#cite_ref-USA_Today-2008_50-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">USA Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2008-10-29-congo-fighting_N.htm">Congolese army claims attack by Rwandan troops</a>. 2008-10-29 [2014-04-16]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121104070524/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2008-10-29-congo-fighting_N.htm">存档</a>于2012-11-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.atitle=Congolese+army+claims+attack+by+Rwandan+troops&rft.au=USA+Today&rft.date=2008-10-29&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusatoday30.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2008-10-29-congo-fighting_N.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Al_Jazeera-2007-51"><a href="#cite_ref-Al_Jazeera-2007_51-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2007/09/2008525143037439552.html">Rwanda blames DR Congo for violence</a>. 2007-09-20 [2014-04-16]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140320233549/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2007/09/2008525143037439552.html">存档</a>于2014-03-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.atitle=Rwanda+blames+DR+Congo+for+violence&rft.au=Al+Jazeera&rft.date=2007-09-20&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fafrica%2F2007%2F09%2F2008525143037439552.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Heuler-2011-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Heuler-2011_52-0">52.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heuler-2011_52-1">52.1</a> <cite class="citation news">Heuler, Hilary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voanews.com/content/uganda-and-rwanda-move-to-mend-troubled-relations-135437603/149440.html">Uganda, Rwanda Move to Mend Troubled Relations</a>. Voice of America News. 2011-12-12 [2014-04-16]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140321025547/http://www.voanews.com/content/uganda-and-rwanda-move-to-mend-troubled-relations-135437603/149440.html">存档</a>于2014-03-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.atitle=Uganda%2C+Rwanda+Move+to+Mend+Troubled+Relations&rft.aufirst=Hilary&rft.aulast=Heuler&rft.date=2011-12-12&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Voice+of+America+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fcontent%2Fuganda-and-rwanda-move-to-mend-troubled-relations-135437603%2F149440.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_News_(VII)-2011-53"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News_(VII)-2011_53-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">BBC News (VII). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-15570648">Rwanda gives DR Congo back tonnes of smuggled minerals</a>. 2011-11-03 [2014-04-16]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425041024/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-15570648">存档</a>于2012-04-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.atitle=Rwanda+gives+DR+Congo+back+tonnes+of+smuggled+minerals&rft.au=BBC+News+%28VII%29&rft.date=2011-11-03&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-15570648&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-OAU-2000-54"><a href="#cite_ref-OAU-2000_54-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Organization of African Unity (OAU). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150908042110/http://www.aegistrust.org/images/stories/oaureport.pdf">Rwanda – The preventable genocide</a> (PDF). The Report of International Panel of Eminent Personalities to Investigate the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda and Surrounding Events: 14. 2000 [2014-04-16]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aegistrust.org/images/stories/oaureport.pdf">原始内容</a> (PDF)存档于2015-09-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.atitle=Rwanda+%E2%80%93+The+preventable+genocide&rft.au=Organization+of+African+Unity+%28OAU%29&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Report+of+International+Panel+of+Eminent+Personalities+to+Investigate+the+1994+Genocide+in+Rwanda+and+Surrounding+Events&rft.pages=14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aegistrust.org%2Fimages%2Fstories%2Foaureport.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Melvern-2004-55"><a href="#cite_ref-Melvern-2004_55-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Melvern, Linda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=3NXIHf0t3aMC">Conspiracy to Murder: The Rwandan Genocide</a> Revised. London; New York, N.Y.: Verso Books. 2004: 5 [2014-04-16]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-85984-588-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-85984-588-2">ISBN 978-1-85984-588-2</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201001103045/https://books.google.com/books?id=3NXIHf0t3aMC">存档</a>于2020-10-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.aulast=Melvern&rft.btitle=Conspiracy+to+Murder%3A+The+Rwandan+Genocide&rft.date=2004&rft.edition=Revised&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-85984-588-2&rft.pages=5&rft.place=London%3B+New+York%2C+N.Y.&rft.pub=Verso+Books&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3NXIHf0t3aMC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-MINALOC-2007-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MINALOC-2007_56-0">56.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MINALOC-2007_56-1">56.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MINALOC-2007_56-2">56.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MINALOC-2007_56-3">56.3</a> <cite class="citation web">Ministry of Local Government (MINALOC), Republic of Rwanda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130329024025/http://www.minecofin.gov.rw/webfm_send/2014">Rwanda Decentralization Strategic Framework</a>. 2007-08 [2013-03-29]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minecofin.gov.rw/webfm_send/2014">原始内容</a>存档于2013-03-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.au=Ministry+of+Local+Government+%28MINALOC%29%2C+Republic+of+Rwanda&rft.btitle=Rwanda+Decentralization+Strategic+Framework&rft.date=2007-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minecofin.gov.rw%2Fwebfm_send%2F2014&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Southern_Province-57"><a href="#cite_ref-Southern_Province_57-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Southern Province. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130605143227/http://www.southernprovince.gov.rw/spip.php?article88">Governor</a>. [2013-06-05]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southernprovince.gov.rw/spip.php?article88">原始内容</a>存档于2013-06-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.au=Southern+Province&rft.btitle=Governor&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.southernprovince.gov.rw%2Fspip.php%3Farticle88&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-MINALOC-2004-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MINALOC-2004_58-0">58.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MINALOC-2004_58-1">58.1</a> <cite class="citation web">Ministry of Local Government (MINALOC), Republic of Rwanda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131022061048/http://www.minaloc.gov.rw/index.php?id=450">Administrative Units</a>. 2004 [2014-04-16]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minaloc.gov.rw/index.php?id=450">原始内容</a>存档于2013-10-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.au=Ministry+of+Local+Government+%28MINALOC%29%2C+Republic+of+Rwanda&rft.btitle=Administrative+Units&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minaloc.gov.rw%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D450&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_News_(I)-2006-59"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News_(I)-2006_59-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">BBC News (I). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4577790.stm">Rwanda redrawn to reflect compass</a>. 2006-01-03 [2014-04-16]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140108171556/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4577790.stm">存档</a>于2014-01-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.atitle=Rwanda+redrawn+to+reflect+compass&rft.au=BBC+News+%28I%29&rft.date=2006-01-03&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fafrica%2F4577790.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA_(II)-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_(II)_60-0">60.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_(II)_60-1">60.1</a> <cite class="citation web">Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (II). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html">Rank Order – Area</a>. The World Factbook. [2014-04-16]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html">存档</a>于2014-02-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.atitle=Rank+Order+%E2%80%93+Area&rft.au=Central+Intelligence+Agency+%28CIA%29+%28II%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Frankorder%2F2147rank.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Richards-1994-61"><a href="#cite_ref-Richards-1994_61-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Richards, Charles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/rwanda-question-time-how-could-it-happen-rebellion-slaughter-exodus-cholera-the-catastrophe-in-rwanda-is-beyond-our-worst-imaginings-who-is-to-blame-who-are-the-hutus-and-tutsis-can-peace-ever-be-restored-some-answers-1415794.html">Rwanda: Question Time: How could it happen?: Rebellion, slaughter, exodus, cholera: the catastrophe in Rwanda is beyond our worst imaginings. Who is to blame? Who are the Hutus and Tutsis? Can peace ever be restored? Some answers ...</a>. The Independent (London). 1994-07-24 [2014-04-16]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140226214246/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/rwanda-question-time-how-could-it-happen-rebellion-slaughter-exodus-cholera-the-catastrophe-in-rwanda-is-beyond-our-worst-imaginings-who-is-to-blame-who-are-the-hutus-and-tutsis-can-peace-ever-be-restored-some-answers-1415794.html">存档</a>于2014-02-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.atitle=Rwanda%3A+Question+Time%3A+How+could+it+happen%3F%3A+Rebellion%2C+slaughter%2C+exodus%2C+cholera%3A+the+catastrophe+in+Rwanda+is+beyond+our+worst+imaginings.+Who+is+to+blame%3F+Who+are+the+Hutus+and+Tutsis%3F+Can+peace+ever+be+restored%3F+Some+answers+...&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.date=1994-07-24&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Frwanda-question-time-how-could-it-happen-rebellion-slaughter-exodus-cholera-the-catastrophe-in-rwanda-is-beyond-our-worst-imaginings-who-is-to-blame-who-are-the-hutus-and-tutsis-can-peace-ever-be-restored-some-answers-1415794.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopædia_Britannica-2010-62"><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopædia_Britannica-2010_62-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/514402/Rwanda">Rwanda</a>. 2010 [2014-04-16]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20131030165456/http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/514402/Rwanda">存档</a>于2013-10-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.au=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.btitle=Rwanda&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobal.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F514402%2FRwanda&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Nile_Basin_Initiative-2010-63"><a href="#cite_ref-Nile_Basin_Initiative-2010_63-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Nile Basin Initiative. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140228031357/http://nilebasin.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=48%3Anbi-country-profiles&catid=35%3Anbi-country-profiles&Itemid=67&lang=en">Nile Basin Countries</a>. 2010 [2014-04-16]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nilebasin.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=48%253Anbi-country-profiles&catid=35%253Anbi-country-profiles&Itemid=67&lang=en">原始内容</a>存档于2014-02-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.au=Nile+Basin+Initiative&rft.btitle=Nile+Basin+Countries&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnilebasin.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D48%25253Anbi-country-profiles%26catid%3D35%25253Anbi-country-profiles%26Itemid%3D67%26lang%3Den&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_News_(II)-2006-64"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News_(II)-2006_64-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">BBC News (II). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm">Team reaches Nile's 'true source'</a>. 2006-03-31 [2014-04-16]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131110122006/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm">存档</a>于2013-11-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.atitle=Team+reaches+Nile%27s+%27true+source%27&rft.au=BBC+News+%28II%29&rft.date=2006-03-31&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fengland%2Fhampshire%2F4864782.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Jørgensen-2005-65"><a href="#cite_ref-Jørgensen-2005_65-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Jørgensen, Sven Erik. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=pcJoaA85A48C">Lake and reservoir management</a>. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 2005: 93 [2014-04-16]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-444-51678-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-444-51678-7">ISBN 978-0-444-51678-7</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728133620/https://books.google.com/books?id=pcJoaA85A48C">存档</a>于2020-07-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.aufirst=Sven+Erik&rft.aulast=J%C3%B8rgensen&rft.btitle=Lake+and+reservoir+management&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-444-51678-7&rft.pages=93&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpcJoaA85A48C&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Briggs-Booth-2006-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Briggs-Booth-2006_66-0">66.00</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Briggs-Booth-2006_66-1">66.01</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Briggs-Booth-2006_66-2">66.02</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Briggs-Booth-2006_66-3">66.03</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Briggs-Booth-2006_66-4">66.04</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Briggs-Booth-2006_66-5">66.05</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Briggs-Booth-2006_66-6">66.06</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Briggs-Booth-2006_66-7">66.07</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Briggs-Booth-2006_66-8">66.08</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Briggs-Booth-2006_66-9">66.09</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Briggs-Booth-2006_66-10">66.10</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Briggs-Booth-2006_66-11">66.11</a> <cite class="citation book">Briggs, Philip; Booth, Janice. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=L2Sq4S3P5fQC">Rwanda – The Bradt Travel Guide</a> 3rd. London: Bradt Travel Guides. 2006 [2014-04-16]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-84162-180-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-84162-180-7">ISBN 978-1-84162-180-7</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200812193551/https://books.google.com/books?id=L2Sq4S3P5fQC">存档</a>于2020-08-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.au=Booth%2C+Janice&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.aulast=Briggs&rft.btitle=Rwanda+%E2%80%93+The+Bradt+Travel+Guide&rft.date=2006&rft.edition=3rd&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-84162-180-7&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Bradt+Travel+Guides&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL2Sq4S3P5fQC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Global_Nature_Fund-67"><a href="#cite_ref-Global_Nature_Fund_67-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Global Nature Fund. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140107053244/http://www.globalnature.org/30036/LIVING-LAKES/National-Networks/Network-East-Africa/Ihema/02_vorlage.asp">Lake Ihema</a>. [2014-04-16]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalnature.org/30036/LIVING-LAKES/National-Networks/Network-East-Africa/Ihema/02_vorlage.asp">原始内容</a>存档于2014-01-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.au=Global+Nature+Fund&rft.btitle=Lake+Ihema&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalnature.org%2F30036%2FLIVING-LAKES%2FNational-Networks%2FNetwork-East-Africa%2FIhema%2F02_vorlage.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-WWF-2001-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WWF-2001_68-0">68.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WWF-2001_68-1">68.1</a> <cite class="citation web">World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041222014550/https://secure.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/at/at0101_full.html">Terrestrial Ecoregions: Albertine Rift montane forests (AT0101)</a>. 2001 [2012-02-16]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://secure.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/at/at0101_full.html">原始内容</a>存档于2004-12-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.au=World+Wide+Fund+for+Nature+%28WWF%29&rft.btitle=Terrestrial+Ecoregions%3A+Albertine+Rift+montane+forests+%28AT0101%29&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsecure.worldwildlife.org%2Fwildworld%2Fprofiles%2Fterrestrial%2Fat%2Fat0101_full.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Mehta-Katee-2005-69"><a href="#cite_ref-Mehta-Katee-2005_69-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Mehta, Hitesh; Katee, Christine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140304055030/http://www.igcp.org/wp-content/themes/igcp/docs/pdf/VirungaTourismMasterPlan_%20Final%20Report.pdf">Virunga Massif Sustainable Tourism Development Plan</a> (PDF). International Gorilla Conservation Programme (IGCP): 37. 2005 [2014-04-16]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.igcp.org/wp-content/themes/igcp/docs/pdf/VirungaTourismMasterPlan_%20Final%20Report.pdf">原始内容</a> (PDF)存档于2014-03-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.au=Katee%2C+Christine&rft.aufirst=Hitesh&rft.aulast=Mehta&rft.btitle=Virunga+Massif+Sustainable+Tourism+Development+Plan&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=International+Gorilla+Conservation+Programme+%28IGCP%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.igcp.org%2Fwp-content%2Fthemes%2Figcp%2Fdocs%2Fpdf%2FVirungaTourismMasterPlan_%2520Final%2520Report.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Munyakazi-Ntagaramba-2005-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Munyakazi-Ntagaramba-2005_70-0">70.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Munyakazi-Ntagaramba-2005_70-1">70.1</a> <cite class="citation book">Munyakazi, Augustine; Ntagaramba, Johnson Funga. Atlas of Rwanda. Oxford: Macmillan Education. 2005. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-333-95451-3" title="Special:网络书源/0-333-95451-3">ISBN 0-333-95451-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.au=Ntagaramba%2C+Johnson+Funga&rft.aufirst=Augustine&rft.aulast=Munyakazi&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+Rwanda&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-333-95451-3&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Macmillan+Education&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_Weather-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Weather_71-0">71.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Weather_71-1">71.1</a> <cite class="citation news">BBC Weather. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111011010121/http://news.bbc.co.uk/weather/forecast/782">Kigali-Average Conditions</a>. BBC News. [2012-02-16]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/weather/forecast/782">原始内容</a>存档于2011-10-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.atitle=Kigali-Average+Conditions&rft.au=BBC+Weather&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fweather%2Fforecast%2F782&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Best_Country_Reports-2007-72"><a href="#cite_ref-Best_Country_Reports-2007_72-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Best Country Reports. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121117203642/http://www.bestcountryreports.com/Temperature_Map_Rwanda.php">Temperature Map of Rwanda</a>. World Trade Press. 2007 [2014-04-16]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bestcountryreports.com/Temperature_Map_Rwanda.php">原始内容</a>存档于2012-11-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.au=Best+Country+Reports&rft.btitle=Temperature+Map+of+Rwanda&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=World+Trade+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bestcountryreports.com%2FTemperature_Map_Rwanda.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Adekunle-2007-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Adekunle-2007_73-0">73.00</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adekunle-2007_73-1">73.01</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adekunle-2007_73-2">73.02</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adekunle-2007_73-3">73.03</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adekunle-2007_73-4">73.04</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adekunle-2007_73-5">73.05</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adekunle-2007_73-6">73.06</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adekunle-2007_73-7">73.07</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adekunle-2007_73-8">73.08</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adekunle-2007_73-9">73.09</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adekunle-2007_73-10">73.10</a> <cite class="citation book">Adekunle, Julius. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=g0FC40EQujwC">Culture and customs of Rwanda</a>. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. 2007 [2014-04-16]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-313-33177-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-313-33177-0">ISBN 978-0-313-33177-0</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200812012619/https://books.google.com/books?id=g0FC40EQujwC">存档</a>于2020-08-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.aufirst=Julius&rft.aulast=Adekunle&rft.btitle=Culture+and+customs+of+Rwanda&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33177-0&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg0FC40EQujwC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Strategic Foresight Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strategicforesight.com/publication_pdf/84153Blue%20Peace%20for%20the%20Nile.pdf">Blue Peace for the Nile, 2009</a> (PDF). 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[2014-04-17]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121101145742/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/IDA/0%2C%2CcontentMDK%3A21256336~menuPK%3A3266877~pagePK%3A51236175~piPK%3A437394~theSitePK%3A73154%2C00.html">存档</a>于2012-11-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.au=International+Development+Association+%28IDA%29&rft.btitle=Rwanda%3A+Bringing+Clean+Water+to+Rural+Communities&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.worldbank.org%2FWBSITE%2FEXTERNAL%2FEXTABOUTUS%2FIDA%2F0%2C%2CcontentMDK%3A21256336~menuPK%3A3266877~pagePK%3A51236175~piPK%3A437394~theSitePK%3A73154%2C00.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-MINECOFIN-2002-109">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MINECOFIN-2002_109-0">109.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MINECOFIN-2002_109-1">109.1</a> <cite class="citation web">Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MINECOFIN), Republic of Rwanda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/np/prsp/2002/rwa/01/063102.pdf">Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper</a> (PDF): 25–26. 2002-06 [2014-04-17]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121023191649/http://www.imf.org/external/np/prsp/2002/rwa/01/063102.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2012-10-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.au=Ministry+of+Finance+and+Economic+Planning+%28MINECOFIN%29%2C+Republic+of+Rwanda&rft.btitle=Poverty+Reduction+Strategy+Paper&rft.date=2002-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pages=25-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fnp%2Fprsp%2F2002%2Frwa%2F01%2F063102.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-USAID-2008-110">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USAID-2008_110-0">110.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USAID-2008_110-1">110.1</a> <a 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href="#cite_ref-World_Resources_Report-2011_111-1">111.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-World_Resources_Report-2011_111-2">111.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-World_Resources_Report-2011_111-3">111.3</a> <cite class="citation web">World Resources Report. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130605224537/http://www.worldresourcesreport.org/files/wrr/WRR%20Case%20Study_Ecosystem%20Restoration%20and%20Hydropower%20in%20Rwanda_0.pdf">Maintenance of Hydropower Potential in Rwanda Through Ecosystem Restoration</a> (PDF). 2011 [2013-06-05]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldresourcesreport.org/files/wrr/WRR%20Case%20Study_Ecosystem%20Restoration%20and%20Hydropower%20in%20Rwanda_0.pdf">原始内容</a> (PDF)存档于2013-06-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.au=World+Resources+Report&rft.btitle=Maintenance+of+Hydropower+Potential+in+Rwanda+Through+Ecosystem+Restoration&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldresourcesreport.org%2Ffiles%2Fwrr%2FWRR%2520Case%2520Study_Ecosystem%2520Restoration%2520and%2520Hydropower%2520in%2520Rwanda_0.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-AfDB-2011-112"><a href="#cite_ref-AfDB-2011_112-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">African Development Bank (AfDB). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130105120930/http://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/article/boosting-rwandas-energy-sector-afdb-other-lenders-commit-usd-91-25-million-to-kivuwatt-project-8338/">Boosting Rwanda's Energy Sector: AfDB, other Lenders Commit USD 91.25 million to Kivuwatt Project</a>. 2011-08-26 [2014-04-18]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/article/boosting-rwandas-energy-sector-afdb-other-lenders-commit-usd-91-25-million-to-kivuwatt-project-8338/">原始内容</a>存档于2013-01-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.au=African+Development+Bank+%28AfDB%29&rft.btitle=Boosting+Rwanda%27s+Energy+Sector%3A+AfDB%2C+other+Lenders+Commit+USD+91.25+million+to+Kivuwatt+Project&rft.date=2011-08-26&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afdb.org%2Fen%2Fnews-and-events%2Farticle%2Fboosting-rwandas-energy-sector-afdb-other-lenders-commit-usd-91-25-million-to-kivuwatt-project-8338%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-MININFRA-2009-113"><a href="#cite_ref-MININFRA-2009_113-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Ministry of Infrastructure (MININFRA), Republic of Rwanda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140227092538/http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/25/">Introduction to Energy sub sector</a>. 2009-07 [2014-04-18]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/25/">原始内容</a>存档于2014-02-27）. <q>Increase connectivity from the current 6% to at least 16% of the population</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.au=Ministry+of+Infrastructure+%28MININFRA%29%2C+Republic+of+Rwanda&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Energy+sub+sector&rft.date=2009-07&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mininfra.gov.rw%2F25%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-AfDB-OECD_Development_Centre-2006-114">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AfDB-OECD_Development_Centre-2006_114-0">114.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AfDB-OECD_Development_Centre-2006_114-1">114.1</a> <cite class="citation book">African Development Bank (AfDB); Organisation for Economic 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Paris: OECD Publishing. 2006: 439 [2014-04-18]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-92-64-02243-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-92-64-02243-0">ISBN 978-92-64-02243-0</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728203640/https://books.google.com/books?id=fpEFOR6WmfYC">存档</a>于2020-07-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.au=African+Development+Bank+%28AfDB%29&rft.au=Organisation+for+Economic+Co-operation+and+Development+%28OECD%29+Development+Centre&rft.btitle=African+Economic+Outlook&rft.date=2006&rft.edition=5&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-92-64-02243-0&rft.pages=439&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=OECD+Publishing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfpEFOR6WmfYC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-TTCA-2004-115"><a href="#cite_ref-TTCA-2004_115-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Transit Transport Coordination Authority of the Northern Corridor (TTCA). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/22/36/34879173.pdf">Investment Opportunities in the Northern Corridor with emphasis in Transport Infrastructure</a> (PDF). 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[2013-10-08]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rwandair.com/plan-your-flight/schedule-map.html">原始内容</a>存档于2013-10-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.au=RwandAir&rft.btitle=Flights+Schedule&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rwandair.com%2Fplan-your-flight%2Fschedule-map.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-AfDB-2009-117"><a href="#cite_ref-AfDB-2009_117-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">African Development Bank (AfDB). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/article/afdb-approves-funding-for-burundi-rwanda-tanzania-railway-project-study-5399/">AfDB Approves Funding for Burundi-Rwanda-Tanzania Railway Project Study</a>. 2009-11-19 [2014-02-16]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120728201426/http://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/article/afdb-approves-funding-for-burundi-rwanda-tanzania-railway-project-study-5399/">存档</a>于2012-07-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.au=African+Development+Bank+%28AfDB%29&rft.btitle=AfDB+Approves+Funding+for+Burundi-Rwanda-Tanzania+Railway+Project+Study&rft.date=2009-11-19&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afdb.org%2Fen%2Fnews-and-events%2Farticle%2Fafdb-approves-funding-for-burundi-rwanda-tanzania-railway-project-study-5399%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-1R-118"><a href="#cite_ref-1R_118-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Mugabo, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200207163237/http://www.newsofrwanda.com/featured2/32688/rwanda-bypasses-uganda-for-its-own-standard-gauge-railway-line/">Rwanda Bypasses Uganda For Its Own Standard Gauge Railway Line</a>. Kigali: NewsofRwanda.com. 2018-01-15 [2018-09-19]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsofrwanda.com/featured2/32688/rwanda-bypasses-uganda-for-its-own-standard-gauge-railway-line/">原始内容</a>存档于2020-02-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.aulast=Mugabo&rft.btitle=Rwanda+Bypasses+Uganda+For+Its+Own+Standard+Gauge+Railway+Line&rft.date=2018-01-15&rft.genre=unknown&rft.place=Kigali&rft.pub=NewsofRwanda.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsofrwanda.com%2Ffeatured2%2F32688%2Frwanda-bypasses-uganda-for-its-own-standard-gauge-railway-line%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA_(III)-2011-119"><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_(III)-2011_119-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (III). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html">Rank Order – Life expectancy at birth</a>. The World Factbook. 2011 [2014-04-17]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160120024054/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html">存档</a>于2016-01-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.atitle=Rank+Order+%E2%80%93+Life+expectancy+at+birth&rft.au=Central+Intelligence+Agency+%28CIA%29+%28III%29&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Frankorder%2F2102rank.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Streissguth-2007-120"><a href="#cite_ref-Streissguth-2007_120-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Streissguth, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Rfjw_5JL0DsC">Rwanda in Pictures</a>. 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[2014-04-18]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kigalicity.gov.rw/spip.php?article2">原始内容</a>存档于2014-02-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.au=Kigali+City&rft.btitle=Kigali+at+a+glance&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kigalicity.gov.rw%2Fspip.php%3Farticle2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Percival-Homer-Dixon-1995-122">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Percival-Homer-Dixon-1995_122-0">122.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Percival-Homer-Dixon-1995_122-1">122.1</a> <cite class="citation journal">Percival, Valerie; Homer-Dixon, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120916092722/http://www.library.utoronto.ca/pcs/eps/rwanda/rwanda1.htm">Environmental Scarcity and Violent Conflict, The Case of Rwanda</a>. 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The New York Times (New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company). 2010-06-14 [2014-04-17]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140417113620/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/15/health/policy/15rwanda.html?_r=2&">存档</a>于2014-04-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.atitle=In+Desperately+Poor+Rwanda%2C+Most+Have+Health+Insurance&rft.aufirst=Donald+G.&rft.aulast=McNeil&rft.date=2010-06-14&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F06%2F15%2Fhealth%2Fpolicy%2F15rwanda.html%3F_r%3D2%26&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="扩展阅读">扩展阅读</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：扩展阅读">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite class="citation news">Bowdler, Neil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/8672889.stm">Apprentice adviser Nick Hewer's Rwanda mission</a>. BBC News. 2010-05-14 [2014-04-18]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100823020546/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/8672889.stm">存档</a>于2010-08-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&rft.atitle=Apprentice+adviser+Nick+Hewer%27s+Rwanda+mission&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft.aulast=Bowdler&rft.date=2010-05-14&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fhealth%2F8672889.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接">外部链接</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：外部链接">编辑</a>]</div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul 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.sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520" /> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> 卢旺达在维基百科的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E5%A7%8A%E5%A6%B9%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE" title="Wikipedia:维基媒体姊妹项目">姊妹项目</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" />维基新闻上的<a href="https://zh.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/卢旺达">新闻</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" />维基语录上的<a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE" class="extiw" title="q:卢旺达">名言</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" />维基文库上的<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/卢旺达">原始文献</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />维基教科书上的<a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/卢旺达">教科书和手册</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" />维基学院上的<a href="https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/卢旺达">学习资源</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" />维基导游上的<a href="https://zh.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE" class="extiw" title="voy:卢旺达">旅行资讯</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> <dl><dt>政府</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121223005922/http://www.gov.rw/">卢旺达共和国</a>（政府官方网站）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130917144522/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-r/rwanda.html">国家领导人和内阁成员</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>通用</dt></dl> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%A6%82%E5%86%B5" title="世界概况">世界概况</a>》上有关<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/rw">Rwanda</a>的条目</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E5%BC%8F%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="开放式目录">开放目录项目</a>中的“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Regional/Africa/Rwanda">卢旺达</a>”</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC新聞">BBC新闻</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14093238">对卢旺达的简介</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210214175830/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14093238">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Wikimedia-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/15px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/23px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/30px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Rwanda" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Rwanda">維基媒體的Rwanda地圖集</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Gnome-globe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/15px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/23px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/30px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/20px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%AF%BC%E6%B8%B8" title="维基导游">维基导游</a>上<a href="https://zh.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Rwanda" class="extiw" title="voy:Rwanda">有關Rwanda的旅行指南</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>旅游</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100104014918/http://rwandatourism.com/">卢旺达旅游局官方网站</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discover.rw/">发现卢旺达</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201212173044/https://discover.rw/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <table class="noprint metadata" style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background: #f8f9fa; text-align: center; width:80%; font-size:80%; margin:0.5em auto"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:0%; padding-right:5px" rowspan="5"><figure class="mw-halign-center skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/50px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/75px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/100px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="刚果民主共和国">刚果民主共和国</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"> </td> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/22px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/33px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/44px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B9%B2%E8%BE%BE" title="乌干达">乌干达</a> </td> <td style="width:0%; padding-left:5px" rowspan="5"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/50px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/75px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/100px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%" rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="刚果民主共和国">刚果民主共和国</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/17px-North.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/26px-North.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/34px-North.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /> </td> <td style="width:33%" rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/60px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E6%A1%91%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="坦桑尼亚">坦桑尼亚</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/17px-West.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/26px-West.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/34px-West.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /><figcaption>西</figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:0%; text-align: center" nowrap="nowrap">  <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/22px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/33px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/44px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">卢旺达</a>   </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/17px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/26px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/34px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /><figcaption>東</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/17px-South.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/26px-South.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/34px-South.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"> </td> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/22px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/33px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/44px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B2%E9%9A%86%E5%9C%B0" title="蒲隆地">布隆迪</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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2px;padding: 0 0.5em;"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Africa_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%9D%9E" title="西非">西部非洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%AE%81" title="贝宁">贝宁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%90%89%E7%B4%8D%E6%B3%95%E7%B4%A2" title="布吉納法索">布吉納法索</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8D%E5%BE%97" title="乍得">乍得</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9%E8%BF%AA%E7%93%A6" title="科特迪瓦">科特迪瓦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%88%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="冈比亚">冈比亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%BA%B3" title="加纳">加纳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" title="几内亚">几内亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BE%E5%85%A7%E4%BA%9E%E6%AF%94%E7%B4%A2" title="幾內亞比索">幾內亞比索</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A" title="利比里亚">利比里亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C" title="马里">马里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E5%B0%94" title="尼日尔">尼日尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E9%87%8C%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="毛里塔尼亚">毛里塔尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="奈及利亞">奈及利亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%86%85%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94" title="塞内加尔">塞内加尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%89%E5%88%A9%E6%98%82" title="塞拉利昂">塞拉利昂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%93%A5" title="多哥">多哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%BE%97%E8%A7%92" title="佛得角">佛得角</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="中部非洲">中部非洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E9%BA%A6%E9%9A%86" title="喀麦隆">喀麦隆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="中非共和國">中非</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" title="赤道几内亚">赤道几内亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%93%AC" title="加蓬">加彭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="刚果共和国">刚果（布）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="刚果民主共和国">刚果（金）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%A4%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%92%8C%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%AF%94" title="圣多美和普林西比">圣多美和普林西比</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="南部非洲">南部非洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%93%A5%E6%8B%89" title="安哥拉">安哥拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%9C%AD%E9%82%A3" title="波札那">博茨瓦纳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E6%91%A9" title="葛摩">葛摩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E7%B4%A2%E6%89%98" title="莱索托">賴索托</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%BE%BE%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0" title="马达加斯加">马达加斯加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4" title="马拉维">马拉维</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B" title="莫桑比克">莫三比克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="纳米比亚">纳米比亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E7%93%A6%E5%B8%9D%E5%B0%BC" title="史瓦帝尼">史瓦帝尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9E%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="赞比亚">赞比亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E5%B7%B4%E5%A8%81" title="辛巴威">辛巴威</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%9D%9E" title="东非">东部非洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B2%E9%9A%86%E5%9C%B0" title="蒲隆地">蒲隆地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B8%83%E6%8F%90" title="吉布提">吉布提</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E7%AB%8B%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A" title="厄立特里亚">厄立特里亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="埃塞俄比亚">埃塞俄比亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="肯尼亚">肯尼亚</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">卢旺达</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%88%8C%E5%B0%94" title="塞舌尔">塞舌尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C" title="索马里">索马里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9" title="南蘇丹">南苏丹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E6%A1%91%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="坦桑尼亚">坦桑尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B9%B2%E8%BE%BE" title="乌干达">乌干达</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E9%87%8C%E6%B1%82%E6%96%AF" title="毛里求斯">毛里求斯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">海外<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%B0" title="属地">属地</a> 與其他特殊政區</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%82%A3%E5%88%A9%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="加那利群岛">加那利群岛</a>（西）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%B1%9E%E4%B8%BB%E6%9D%83%E5%9C%B0" title="西属主权地">西属主权地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E8%BE%BE" title="休达">休达</a>（西）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%88%A9%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="梅利利亚">梅利利亚</a>（西）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="马德拉群岛">馬德拉群島</a>（葡）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%99%E5%B0%BC%E6%B1%AA" title="留尼汪">留尼汪</a>（法）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%9E%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B%E8%AF%B8%E5%B2%9B" title="法属印度洋诸岛">法属印度洋诸岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%BA%A6%E7%89%B9" title="马约特">马约特</a>（法）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%B5%AB%E5%8B%92%E6%8B%BF%E3%80%81%E9%98%BF%E6%A3%AE%E6%9D%BE%E5%92%8C%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6-%E8%BE%BE%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="圣赫勒拿、阿森松和特里斯坦-达库尼亚">圣赫勒拿、阿森松和特里斯坦-达库尼亚</a>（英）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E5%85%B0" title="索马里兰">索马里兰</a>（索马里／爭議區）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%92%92%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89" title="西撒哈拉">西撒哈拉</a>（摩洛哥／爭議區）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="世界政區索引">世界政區索引</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2" title="亚洲">亚洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%9E%81%E6%B4%B2" title="南极洲">南极洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E6%B4%B2" title="大洋洲">大洋洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国首都列表">各国首都列表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037" /></div><div 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href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:非洲聯盟"><abbr title="编辑该模板" style="color:gold">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="非洲聯盟" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="非洲联盟">非洲聯盟</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#006400;color:gold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" title="非洲聯盟主席">主席</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="非洲联盟委员会">委員會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E6%88%90%E5%93%A1%E5%9C%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="非洲聯盟成員國列表">成員國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E6%97%97%E5%B8%9C" title="非洲联盟旗帜">旗幟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E8%AD%B7%E7%85%A7" title="非洲聯盟護照">護照</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing:0px;text-align:left;width:auto;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="width:5em">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;;width:10em"><div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/60px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔及利亚">阿尔及利亚</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/22px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/33px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/44px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%93%A5%E6%8B%89" title="安哥拉">安哥拉</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/22px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/33px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/44px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%AE%81" title="贝宁">贝宁</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/40px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/60px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%9C%AD%E9%82%A3" title="波札那">博茨瓦纳</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/22px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/33px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/44px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%90%89%E7%B4%8D%E6%B3%95%E7%B4%A2" title="布吉納法索">布吉納法索</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/22px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/33px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/44px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B2%E9%9A%86%E5%9C%B0" title="蒲隆地">布隆迪</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/60px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%BE%97%E8%A7%92" title="佛得角">佛得角</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/60px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E9%BA%A6%E9%9A%86" title="喀麦隆">喀麦隆</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="中非共和國">中非</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/40px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/60px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8D%E5%BE%97" title="乍得">乍得</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;;width:10em"><div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E6%91%A9" title="葛摩">科摩罗</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="刚果民主共和国">刚果民主共和国</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/40px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/60px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B8%83%E6%8F%90" title="吉布提">吉布提</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/22px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/33px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/44px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/40px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/60px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" title="赤道几内亚">赤道几内亚</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/22px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/33px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/44px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E7%AB%8B%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A" title="厄立特里亚">厄立特里亚</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/22px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/33px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/44px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A8%81%E5%A3%AB%E5%85%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="斯威士兰">斯威士兰</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="埃塞俄比亚">衣索比亞</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/60px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%93%AC" title="加蓬">加彭</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;;width:10em"><div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/40px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/60px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%86%88%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="冈比亚">冈比亚</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%BA%B3" title="加纳">加纳</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/22px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/33px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/44px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" title="几内亚">几内亚</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/22px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/33px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/44px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BE%E5%85%A7%E4%BA%9E%E6%AF%94%E7%B4%A2" title="幾內亞比索">几内亚比绍</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/22px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/33px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/44px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9%E8%BF%AA%E7%93%A6" title="科特迪瓦">科特迪瓦</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/60px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="肯尼亚">肯尼亚</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/60px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E7%B4%A2%E6%89%98" title="莱索托">賴索托</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A" title="利比里亚">利比里亚</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/22px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/33px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/44px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="利比亚">利比亞</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;;width:10em"><div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/40px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/60px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%BE%BE%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0" title="马达加斯加">马达加斯加</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4" title="马拉维">马拉维</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/40px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/60px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C" title="马里">马里</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/60px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E9%87%8C%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="毛里塔尼亚">毛里塔尼亚</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E9%87%8C%E6%B1%82%E6%96%AF" title="毛里求斯">模里西斯</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/22px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/33px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/44px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%93%A5" title="摩洛哥">摩洛哥</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B" title="莫桑比克">莫桑比克</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="纳米比亚">纳米比亚</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/22px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/33px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/44px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E5%B0%94" title="尼日尔">尼日尔</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;;width:10em"><div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="奈及利亞">奈及利亞</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="刚果共和国">刚果共和国</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/22px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/33px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/44px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">卢旺达</a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%92%92%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89" title="西撒哈拉"><img alt="西撒哈拉" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%81%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="撒拉威阿拉伯民主共和國">西撒哈拉</a>¹ <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/22px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/33px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/44px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%A4%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%92%8C%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%AF%94" title="圣多美和普林西比">聖多美和普林西比</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/22px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/44px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%86%85%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94" title="塞内加尔">塞内加尔</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/22px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/33px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/44px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%88%8C%E5%B0%94" title="塞舌尔">塞舌尔</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%89%E5%88%A9%E6%98%82" title="塞拉利昂">塞拉利昂</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C" title="索马里">索马里</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;;width:10em"><div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="570" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9" title="南蘇丹">南蘇丹</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9" title="苏丹">苏丹</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/60px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E6%A1%91%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="坦桑尼亚">坦桑尼亚</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Togo.svg/40px-Flag_of_Togo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Togo.svg/60px-Flag_of_Togo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%93%A5" title="多哥">多哥</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="突尼西亞">突尼西亞</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/22px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/33px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/44px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B9%B2%E8%BE%BE" title="乌干达">乌干达</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9E%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="赞比亚">尚比亞</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/40px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/60px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E5%B7%B4%E5%A8%81" title="辛巴威">辛巴威</a> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#006400;color:gold;"><div> <ul><li>1. 存在主權爭議，地位不被普遍承認</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="不结盟运动" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%8D%E7%B5%90%E7%9B%9F%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="Template:不結盟運動"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%B8%8D%E7%B5%90%E7%9B%9F%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="Template talk:不結盟運動"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%B8%8D%E7%B5%90%E7%9B%9F%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:不結盟運動"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="不结盟运动" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E7%BB%93%E7%9B%9F%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="不结盟运动">不结盟运动</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">成員國</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔及利亚">阿尔及利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%93%A5%E6%8B%89" title="安哥拉">安哥拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%8F%90%E7%93%9C%E5%92%8C%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%BE" title="安提瓜和巴布达">安提瓜和巴布达</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86" title="阿塞拜疆">阿塞拜疆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E9%A9%AC" title="巴哈马">巴哈马</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%9E%97" title="巴林">巴林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BD" title="孟加拉国">孟加拉国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B7%B4%E5%A4%9A%E6%96%AF" title="巴巴多斯">巴巴多斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯">白俄罗斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E5%85%B9" title="伯利兹">伯利兹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%AE%81" title="贝宁">贝宁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%B9" title="不丹">不丹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E5%88%A9%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="玻利維亞">玻利維亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%9C%AD%E9%82%A3" title="波札那">博茨瓦纳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%B6%E8%8E%B1" title="汶莱">汶莱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%90%89%E7%B4%8D%E6%B3%95%E7%B4%A2" title="布吉納法索">布基纳法索</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B2%E9%9A%86%E5%9C%B0" title="蒲隆地">蒲隆地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8" title="柬埔寨">柬埔寨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E9%BA%A6%E9%9A%86" title="喀麦隆">喀麦隆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%BE%97%E8%A7%92" title="佛得角">佛得角</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="中非共和國">中非共和國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8D%E5%BE%97" title="乍得">乍得</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9" title="智利">智利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="哥伦比亚">哥伦比亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E6%91%A9" title="葛摩">葛摩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="刚果共和国">刚果共和国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9%E8%BF%AA%E7%93%A6" title="科特迪瓦">科特迪瓦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B7%B4" title="古巴">古巴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国">朝鲜民主主义人民共和国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="刚果民主共和国">刚果民主共和国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B8%83%E6%8F%90" title="吉布提">吉布地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%98%8E%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="多明尼克">多明尼克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%98%8E%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0" title="多明尼加">多明尼加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E7%93%9C%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94" title="厄瓜多尔">厄瓜多尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" title="赤道几内亚">赤道几内亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E7%AB%8B%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A" title="厄立特里亚">厄立特里亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="埃塞俄比亚">埃塞俄比亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%90%E6%B5%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="斐济">斐济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%93%AC" title="加蓬">加彭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%88%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="冈比亚">冈比亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%BA%B3" title="加纳">加纳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97%E7%BA%B3%E8%BE%BE" title="格林纳达">格林纳达</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B1%E5%9C%B0%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89" title="危地马拉">危地马拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" title="几内亚">几内亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BE%E5%85%A7%E4%BA%9E%E6%AF%94%E7%B4%A2" title="幾內亞比索">幾內亞比索</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%AD%E4%BA%9A%E9%82%A3" title="圭亚那">圭亚那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0" title="海地">海地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E9%83%BD%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" title="洪都拉斯">洪都拉斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="印度尼西亚">印度尼西亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗">伊朗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="伊拉克">伊拉克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%99%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%A0" title="牙买加">牙买加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6" title="约旦">约旦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="肯尼亚">肯尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%A8%81%E7%89%B9" title="科威特">科威特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%8C%9D" title="老挝">老挝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9" title="黎巴嫩">黎巴嫩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E7%B4%A2%E6%89%98" title="莱索托">莱索托</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A" title="利比里亚">利比里亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="利比亚">利比亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%BE%BE%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0" title="马达加斯加">马达加斯加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4" title="马拉维">马拉维</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="马来西亚">马来西亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%AB" title="马尔代夫">马尔代夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C" title="马里">马里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E9%87%8C%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="毛里塔尼亚">毛里塔尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E9%87%8C%E6%B1%82%E6%96%AF" title="毛里求斯">毛里求斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古国">蒙古国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%93%A5" title="摩洛哥">摩洛哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B" title="莫桑比克">莫桑比克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%85%E7%94%B8" title="缅甸">缅甸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="纳米比亚">纳米比亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94" title="尼泊尔">尼泊尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E7%93%9C" title="尼加拉瓜">尼加拉瓜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E5%B0%94" title="尼日尔">尼日尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="奈及利亞">奈及利亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%9B%BC" title="阿曼">阿曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦">巴基斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9C%8B" title="巴勒斯坦國">巴勒斯坦國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A9%AC" title="巴拿马">巴拿马</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B0%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" title="巴布亚新几内亚">巴布亚新几内亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E9%B2%81" title="秘鲁">秘鲁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE" title="菲律宾">菲律宾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94" title="卡塔尔">卡塔尔</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">卢安达</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%9A%E7%A6%8F%E5%8F%8A%E5%B0%BC%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%AF" title="聖克里斯多福及尼維斯">聖克里斯多福及尼維斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%8D%A2%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="圣卢西亚">圣卢西亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%96%87%E6%A3%AE%E7%89%B9%E5%92%8C%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97%E7%BA%B3%E4%B8%81%E6%96%AF" title="圣文森特和格林纳丁斯">圣文森特和格林纳丁斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%A4%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%92%8C%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%AF%94" title="圣多美和普林西比">圣多美和普林西比</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF" title="沙特阿拉伯">沙特阿拉伯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%86%85%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94" title="塞内加尔">塞内加尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%88%8C%E5%B0%94" title="塞舌尔">塞舌尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%89%E5%88%A9%E6%98%82" title="塞拉利昂">塞拉利昂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C" title="索马里">索马里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%8D%A1" title="斯里蘭卡">斯里蘭卡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9" title="苏丹">苏丹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%97" title="蘇利南">蘇利南</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E7%93%A6%E5%B8%9D%E5%B0%BC" title="史瓦帝尼">史瓦帝尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="叙利亚">叙利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E6%A1%91%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="坦桑尼亚">坦桑尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="泰国">泰国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%B8%9D%E6%B1%B6" title="东帝汶">东帝汶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%93%A5" title="多哥">多哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E9%87%8C%E9%81%94%E5%8F%8A%E6%89%98%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%A5" title="千里達及托巴哥">千里達及托巴哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="突尼西亞">突尼西亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土库曼斯坦">土库曼斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B9%B2%E8%BE%BE" title="乌干达">乌干达</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E9%85%8B%E9%95%BF%E5%9B%BD" title="阿拉伯联合酋长国">阿拉伯联合酋长国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="乌兹别克斯坦">乌兹别克斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%8A%AA%E9%98%BF%E5%9B%BE" title="瓦努阿图">瓦努阿图</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%94%E5%85%A7%E7%91%9E%E6%8B%89" title="委內瑞拉">委內瑞拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9F%E9%97%A8" title="也门">也门</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9E%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="赞比亚">赞比亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E5%B7%B4%E5%A8%81" title="辛巴威">辛巴威</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:NAM_Members.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/NAM_Members.svg/200px-NAM_Members.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/NAM_Members.svg/300px-NAM_Members.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/NAM_Members.svg/400px-NAM_Members.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">觀察員</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">國家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7" title="阿根廷">阿根廷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="亞美尼亞">亞美尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" title="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那">波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="巴西">巴西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E6%96%AF%E8%BE%BE%E9%BB%8E%E5%8A%A0" title="哥斯达黎加">哥斯达黎加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克罗地亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%9A" title="萨尔瓦多">萨尔瓦多</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦">吉尔吉斯斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5" title="墨西哥">墨西哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="蒙特內哥羅">蒙特內哥羅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%AD" title="巴拉圭">巴拉圭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞尔维亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="塔吉克斯坦">塔吉克斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰">乌克兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%AD" title="乌拉圭">乌拉圭</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">組織</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="非洲联盟">非洲联盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="阿拉伯国家联盟">阿拉伯国家联盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="伊斯兰合作组织">伊斯兰合作组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="联合国">联合国</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px_英联邦" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%8D%94" title="Template:大英國協"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%8D%94" title="Template talk:大英國協"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%8D%94" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:大英國協"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px_英联邦" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/File:Commonwealth_Icon2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Commonwealth_Icon2.svg/20px-Commonwealth_Icon2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Commonwealth_Icon2.svg/30px-Commonwealth_Icon2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Commonwealth_Icon2.svg/40px-Commonwealth_Icon2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="57" data-file-height="57" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6" title="英联邦">英联邦</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" title="英聯邦元首">元首</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E7%A7%98%E4%B9%A6%E9%95%BF" title="英联邦秘书长">秘书长</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="英联邦成员国列表">成员国</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E6%88%90%E5%91%98" title="英联邦特殊成员">特殊成员</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%82%E5%81%9C%E8%8B%B1%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E8%B5%84%E6%A0%BC" title="暂停英联邦成员资格">暂停成员资格</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="英联邦公民">公民</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="英联邦成员国列表">主权国家</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing:0px;text-align:left;width:auto;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="width:5em">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;;text-align: left;width:10em"><div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/22px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/33px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/44px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%8F%90%E7%93%9C%E5%92%8C%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%BE" title="安提瓜和巴布达">安地卡及巴布達</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="澳大利亚">澳大利亞</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E9%A9%AC" title="巴哈马">巴哈马</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BD" title="孟加拉国">孟加拉国</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/40px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/60px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B7%B4%E5%A4%9A%E6%96%AF" title="巴巴多斯">巴巴多斯</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E5%85%B9" title="伯利兹">伯利兹</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/40px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/60px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%9C%AD%E9%82%A3" title="波札那">博茨瓦纳</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/60px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%B6%E8%90%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="汶萊">汶萊</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/60px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E9%BA%A6%E9%9A%86" title="喀麦隆">喀麦隆</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;;text-align: left;width:10em"><div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/33px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/44px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯">賽普勒斯</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/22px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/33px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/44px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B" title="多米尼克">多米尼克</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/22px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/33px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/44px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A8%81%E5%A3%AB%E5%85%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="斯威士兰">斯威士兰</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/22px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/33px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/44px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%90%E6%BF%9F" title="斐濟">斐济</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/60px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%93%AC" title="加蓬">加彭</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/40px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/60px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%86%88%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="冈比亚">冈比亚</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%BA%B3" title="加纳">加纳</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/22px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/33px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/44px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97%E7%BA%B3%E8%BE%BE" title="格林纳达">格瑞那達</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/22px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/33px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/44px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%AD%E4%BA%9A%E9%82%A3" title="圭亚那">圭亚那</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;;text-align: left;width:10em"><div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/40px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/60px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%99%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%A0" title="牙买加">牙买加</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/60px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="肯尼亚">肯尼亚</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF" title="基里巴斯">基里巴斯</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/60px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E7%B4%A2%E6%89%98" title="莱索托">賴索托</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4" title="马拉维">马拉维</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="马来西亚">马来西亚</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/22px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/33px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/44px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%AB" title="马尔代夫">馬爾地夫</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" title="马耳他">馬爾他</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;;text-align: left;width:10em"><div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E9%87%8C%E6%B1%82%E6%96%AF" title="毛里求斯">模里西斯</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B" title="莫桑比克">莫桑比克</a>¹ <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="纳米比亚">纳米比亚</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/22px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/44px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E9%AD%AF" title="諾魯">瑙鲁</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/40px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/60px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B0" title="新西兰">新西兰</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="奈及利亞">奈及利亞</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦">巴基斯坦</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/22px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/33px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/44px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B0%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" title="巴布亚新几内亚">巴布亚新几内亚</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/22px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/33px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/44px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="460" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E7%A6%8F%E5%85%8B%E5%B2%9B" title="诺福克岛">诺福克岛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/40px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/60px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E8%98%AD%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="新西蘭王國">紐西蘭王國</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="库克群岛">庫克群島</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/22px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/33px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/44px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E5%9F%83" title="紐埃">纽埃</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">紐屬</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/40px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/60px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%B0" title="罗斯属地">罗斯属地</a>²</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Tokelau.svg/40px-Flag_of_Tokelau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Tokelau.svg/60px-Flag_of_Tokelau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%85%8B%E5%8A%B3" title="托克劳">托克勞</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">英属</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国"><img alt="英国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E6%8F%90%E5%88%A9%E8%88%87%E5%BE%B7%E5%87%B1%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="亞克羅提利與德凱利亞">亞克羅提利與德凱利亞</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/22px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/33px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/44px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%9C%AD%E6%8B%89" title="安圭拉">安圭拉</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/60px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E6%85%95%E5%A4%A7" title="百慕大">百慕大</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_the_British_Antarctic_Territory.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_British_Antarctic_Territory.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_the_British_Antarctic_Territory.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_British_Antarctic_Territory.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_the_British_Antarctic_Territory.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_British_Antarctic_Territory.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%9E%E5%8D%97%E6%9E%81%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0" title="英属南极领地">英属南极领地</a>²</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%B0" title="英屬印度洋領地">英屬印度洋領地</a>²</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E4%BA%AC%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="英屬維爾京群島">英屬維爾京群島</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E6%9B%BC%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="開曼群島">开曼群岛</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="福克兰群岛">福克蘭群島</a>²</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/40px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/60px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E9%99%80" title="直布罗陀">直布罗陀</a>²</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/22px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/33px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/44px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9" title="蒙特塞拉特">蒙特塞拉特</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E7%89%B9%E5%87%AF%E6%81%A9%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="皮特凯恩群岛">皮特凯恩群岛</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%B5%AB%E5%8B%92%E6%8B%BF%E3%80%81%E9%98%BF%E6%A3%AE%E6%9D%BE%E5%92%8C%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6-%E8%BE%BE%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="圣赫勒拿、阿森松和特里斯坦-达库尼亚">圣赫勒拿、阿森松和特里斯坦-达库尼亚</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="375" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%97%E6%A1%91%E5%A8%81%E5%A5%87%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="南乔治亚和南桑威奇群岛">南乔治亚和南桑威奇群岛</a>²</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%92%8C%E5%87%AF%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="特克斯和凯科斯群岛">特克斯和凯科斯群岛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%A4%E5%B1%AC%E5%9C%B0" title="王室屬地">皇家属地</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/40px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/60px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E8%A5%BF" title="根西">根西</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%B3%B6" title="曼島">马恩岛</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%A4%E8%A5%BF" title="澤西">澤西</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>1. 莫桑比克与英国无历史渊源 2. 存在主权争议，地位不被普遍承认</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="法语国家及地区国际组织" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%8F%8A%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="法语国家及地区国际组织">法语国家及地区国际组织</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%8F%8A%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="法语国家及地区国际组织成员列表">成員</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">會員</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%81%93%E5%B0%94" title="安道尔">安道尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="亞美尼亞">亞美尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%AE%81" title="贝宁">贝宁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚">保加利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%90%89%E7%B4%8D%E6%B3%95%E7%B4%A2" title="布吉納法索">布吉納法索</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B2%E9%9A%86%E5%9C%B0" title="蒲隆地">蒲隆地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%BE%97%E8%A7%92" title="佛得角">佛得角</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8" title="柬埔寨">柬埔寨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E9%BA%A6%E9%9A%86" title="喀麦隆">喀麦隆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a></li> <li>加拿大<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%8D%E5%80%AB%E7%91%9E%E5%85%8B%E7%9C%81" title="新不倫瑞克省">新布藍茲維</a></li> <li>加拿大<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%81%E5%8C%97%E5%85%8B%E7%9C%81" title="魁北克省">魁北克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E6%91%A9" title="葛摩">葛摩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="刚果共和国">刚果共和国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="刚果民主共和国">刚果民主共和国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9%E8%BF%AA%E7%93%A6" title="科特迪瓦">科特迪瓦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B8%83%E6%8F%90" title="吉布提">吉布提</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B" title="多米尼克">多米尼克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%93%AC" title="加蓬">加蓬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" title="几内亚">几内亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BE%E5%85%A7%E4%BA%9E%E6%AF%94%E7%B4%A2" title="幾內亞比索">幾內亞比索</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" title="赤道几内亚">赤道几内亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0" title="海地">海地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%8C%9D" title="老挝">老挝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9" title="黎巴嫩">黎巴嫩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="卢森堡">卢森堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93" title="北馬其頓">北馬其頓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%BE%BE%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0" title="马达加斯加">马达加斯加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C" title="马里">马里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%93%A5" title="摩洛哥">摩洛哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E9%87%8C%E6%B1%82%E6%96%AF" title="毛里求斯">毛里求斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E9%87%8C%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="毛里塔尼亚">毛里塔尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" title="摩尔多瓦">摩尔多瓦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%BA%B3%E5%93%A5" title="摩纳哥">摩纳哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E5%B0%94" title="尼日尔">尼日尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="中非共和國">中非</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">卢旺达</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%8D%A2%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="圣卢西亚">圣卢西亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%A4%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%92%8C%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%AF%94" title="圣多美和普林西比">圣多美和普林西比</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%86%85%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94" title="塞内加尔">塞内加尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%88%8C%E5%B0%94" title="塞舌尔">塞舌尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8D%E5%BE%97" title="乍得">乍得</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%93%A5" title="多哥">多哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="突尼西亞">突尼西亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%8A%AA%E9%98%BF%E5%9B%BE" title="瓦努阿图">瓦努阿图</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a></li> <li>比利時<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4" title="比利时法语社群">瓦隆尼亞－布魯塞爾</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">準會員</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯">賽普勒斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E9%85%8B%E9%95%BF%E5%9B%BD" title="阿拉伯联合酋长国">阿联酋</a></li> <li>法國<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%96%80%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="新喀里多尼亞">新喀里多尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%BA%B3" title="加纳">加纳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83" title="科索沃">科索沃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94" title="卡塔尔">卡塔尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞尔维亚</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">觀察員</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7" title="阿根廷">阿根廷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" title="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那">波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那</a></li> <li>加拿大<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%A7%E7%95%A5%E7%9C%81" title="安大略省">安大略</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">南韓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E6%96%AF%E8%BE%BE%E9%BB%8E%E5%8A%A0" title="哥斯达黎加">哥斯达黎加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克罗地亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%98%8E%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0" title="多明尼加">多明尼加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚">爱沙尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%88%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="冈比亚">冈比亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A" title="格鲁吉亚">格鲁吉亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0" title="爱尔兰">爱尔兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脫維亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛">立陶宛</a></li> <li>美國<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%89%E9%82%A3%E5%B7%9E" title="路易斯安那州">路易斯安那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" title="马耳他">马耳他</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5" title="墨西哥">墨西哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="蒙特內哥羅">蒙特內哥羅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B" title="莫桑比克">莫桑比克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛文尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="泰国">泰国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰">乌克兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%AD" title="乌拉圭">乌拉圭</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="法語國家及地區國際組織旗幟" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg/100px-Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg/150px-Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg/200px-Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%8F%8A%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E7%A7%98%E6%9B%B8%E9%95%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法語國家及地區國際組織秘書長（页面不存在）">秘書長</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secr%C3%A9taire_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_de_la_Francophoni" class="extiw" title="fr:Secrétaire général de la Francophoni">Secrétaire général de la Francophoni</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E7%89%B9%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%89%B9%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF-%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9" title="布特羅斯·布特羅斯-加利">布特羅斯·布特羅斯-加利</a> → <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%C2%B7%E8%BF%AA%E4%B9%8C%E5%A4%AB" title="阿卜杜·迪乌夫">阿卜杜·迪乌夫</a> → <a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%84%E7%BE%8E%E6%A5%B7" title="庄美楷">米凱爾·尚恩</a> → <a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E4%B8%9D%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E5%B8%8C%E5%9F%BA%E7%93%A6%E5%8D%9A" title="路易丝·穆希基瓦博">路易丝·穆希基瓦博</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语">法语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="法语国家和地区列表">法语国家和地区列表</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法語國家議會大會（页面不存在）">法語國家議會大會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_parlementaire_de_la_Francophonie" class="extiw" title="en:Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie">Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%8A%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E5%B1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文化及技術合作局（页面不存在）">文化及技術合作局</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_de_Coop%C3%A9ration_Culturelle_et_Technique" class="extiw" title="en:Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique">Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E9%AB%98%E6%A0%A1%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E5%B1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法語國家高校合作局（页面不存在）">法語國家高校合作局</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_universitaire_de_la_Francophonie" class="extiw" title="en:Agence universitaire de la Francophonie">Agence universitaire de la Francophonie</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%8B%99%E5%93%A1%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國際組織法語公務員大會（页面不存在）">國際組織法語公務員大會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_des_francophones_fonctionnaires_des_organisations_internationales" class="extiw" title="en:Assemblée des francophones fonctionnaires des organisations internationales">Assemblée des francophones fonctionnaires des organisations internationales</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%B8%82%E9%95%B7%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法語城市市長國際協會（页面不存在）">法語城市市長國際協會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_Internationale_des_Maires_Francophones" class="extiw" title="en:Association Internationale des Maires Francophones">Association Internationale des Maires Francophones</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E4%BA%94%E5%8F%B0" title="法國電視國際五台">法國電視國際五台</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非洲發展法語國際大學（页面不存在）">非洲發展法語國際大學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senghor_University" class="extiw" title="en:Senghor University">Senghor University</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%88%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%9C%83" title="法語圈運動會">法語圈運動會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%A5" title="聯合國法語日">聯合國法語日</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%97%A5" title="法語國家國際日">法語國家國際日</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1037#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1037#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1037#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1212358/">FAST</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404581850">ISNI</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/80148995963559751782">VIAF</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdgVmVrPYvMBJRRWKFYfq">WorldCat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90857972">挪威</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX452324">西班牙</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119482632">法国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119482632">BnF data</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4076910-0">德国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007552775605171">以色列</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81025976">美国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/sq4656cb0z1sjs7">瑞典</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569817">日本</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge130700&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35469802">澳大利亚</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=497/33502">梵蒂冈</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地理</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/5921efcf-344c-3e55-829d-34fca714fcde">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">艺术家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/ed56825f-6b98-478d-907c-519122f0d3c4">KulturNav</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/OOHdO1dP">英国议会</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003461">瑞士历史词典</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044269">NARA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027982610">IdRef</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201" /><a class="external text" 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