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The largest portions were $861 billion on major health care programs like Medicare and Medicaid, $808 billion on Social Security, and $340 billion on income security programs. Mandatory spending has increased as a percentage of GDP from 10.6% in 1993 due to growth in major health care programs and income security programs.","url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/budget2-mandatory-final/33764077","datePublished":"2014-04-21 12:07:26 UTC","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Slideshare","url":"https://www.slideshare.net/"},"encodingFormat":"application/pdf","fileFormat":"pdf","inLanguage":"en","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/budget2-mandatory-final/33764077"}}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.slideshare.net"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Government \u0026 Nonprofit","item":"https://www.slideshare.net/category/government-nonprofit"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Infographic: Mandatory Spending in 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in 2013</h1><div class="stats Stats_root__p_BoZ"><div class="Stats_leftContent__588PR"><time dateTime="2014-04-21 12:07:26 UTC"><span class="skeleton Skeleton_root__U4QqL Skeleton_rounded__BLBq2" style="width:75px;height:24px"></span></time><span class="Text_root__is73U Text_medium__rk8Tn text" style="-webkit-line-clamp:0">•</span></div><div class="Stats_rightContent__8d0AF"><span class="Text_root__is73U Text_weight-strong__yEO2S Text_secondary__EPWj0 Text_medium__rk8Tn Likes_root__WVQ1_ text" style="-webkit-line-clamp:0" tabindex="0">0 likes</span><span class="Text_root__is73U Text_medium__rk8Tn text" style="-webkit-line-clamp:0">•</span><span class="Text_root__is73U Text_weight-strong__yEO2S Text_secondary__EPWj0 Text_medium__rk8Tn Likes_root__WVQ1_ text" style="-webkit-line-clamp:0" tabindex="0">2,046 views</span></div></div><div class="author Author_root___6Bx5"><a data-cy="author-link" class="Author_link___lVxw ellipsis" title="Congressional Budget Office" href="https://www.slideshare.net/cbo"><div class="Avatar_root__GNWHY" style="width:24px;height:24px;line-height:24px"><img class="Avatar_image__Bbtll" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/profile-photo-cbo-48x48.jpg?cb=1739550750" alt="Congressional Budget Office" loading="lazy" decoding="sync"/></div><span>Congressional Budget Office</span></a></div><div class="description Description_root__kt4uq Description_clamped__PaV_1"><div class="Description_wrapper__hYE9_" data-cy="document-description"><p>Mandatory spending in the US federal budget in 2013 totaled $2.0 trillion, or 12.2% of GDP. The largest portions were $861 billion on major health care programs like Medicare and Medicaid, $808 billion on Social Security, and $340 billion on income security programs. Mandatory spending has increased as a percentage of GDP from 10.6% in 1993 due to growth in major health care programs and income security programs.<button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_primary__K25Gq Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Description_less__BvWbY Description_hidden__a9QZJ" data-testid="button" aria-label="Read less"><span>Read less</span></button></p></div><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_primary__K25Gq Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Description_more__ChrRK" data-testid="button" aria-label="Read more" data-cy="read-more-button"><span>Read more</span></button></div><div class="actions Actions_root__00yIC"><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi like-button unliked" data-testid="button" aria-label="Like" data-favorited="false" data-cy="like-button" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rdi94f6:" popovertarget=":Rdi94f6:" 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class="MetadataToolbar_underline__QQn0C"></div></div></div><div class="player Player_root__L1AmF"><div id="new-player" class="vertical-player VerticalPlayer_root__K8_YS" data-slideshow-id="33764077"><div><div id="slide1" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:1728 / 3532" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-0" alt="The FEDERAL BUDGET IN 2013 A Closer Look at Mandatory Spending Primarily benefit programs for which laws set eligibility rules and benefit formulas Mandatory Spending in 2013 Billions of dollars Mandatory Spending at a Glance Mandatory Spending in 1993 and 2013 Percentage of gross domestic product REVENUES, $2.8 Trillion SPENDING, $3.5 Trillion Mandatory $2.0 Trillion Discretionary $1.2 Trillion Net Interest $0.2 Trillion FISCALYEAR2013 -200-400 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 Major Health Care Programs $861 Billion Social Security $808 Billion Income Security Programs $340 Billion Federal Civilian and Military Retirement $153 Billion Veterans’ Benefits $80 Billion Other Programs $95 Billion Offsetting Receipts −$305 Billion Medicare $265 $10 Medicaid Other Old-Age and Survivors Insurance $668 $140 $69$83$84 $92 $54 $66 $14 $7 $53 $52 Disability Insurance Unemployment Compensation Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Earned Income, Child, and Other Tax Credits Supplemental Security Income Other Civilian Military Other Income Security Other Funds collected by government agencies from other government accounts or from the public that are credited as an offset to gross spending. Offsetting receipts include Medicare premiums, intragovernmental payments for federal employees’ retirement, and receipts related to natural resources (such as those from oil and gas exploration and development). Change (Percentage points)1993 2013 Prepared by Maureen Costantino and Jonathan Schwabish Source: Congressional Budget Office, April 2014 Contact: CBO Projections Unit, Budget Analysis Division For more details, see CBO’s Updated Budget Projections: 2014 to 2024 (April 2014), http://go.usa.gov/k2TA. All data are for federal fiscal years, which run from October 1 to September 30. Numbers may not add up to totals because of rounding. $585 Other Medicaid Medicare Major Health Care Programs 2.0 Disability Insurance Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Social Security Other Supplemental Security Income Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Earned Income, Child, and Other Tax Credits Unemployment Compensation Income Security Programs Federal Civilian and Military Retirement Veterans’ Benefits Other Programs Offsetting Receipts 0.1 0.5 1.4 0.3 0.1 0.4 −0.1 0.0 0.1 −0.1 0.4 0.3 −0.1 0.2 0.4 −0.9 −2 0 2 4 6 −2 0 2 4 6 $2.0 Trillion $861 Billion Mandatory spending by the federal government in 2013 Spending in 2013 on major health care programs (without subtracting offsetting receipts), the largest component of mandatory spending Average mandatory spending as a percentage of gross domestic product between 1993 and 2012 10.6%12.2% Mandatory spending as a percentage of gross domestic product in 2013 " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="eager" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/budget2mandatoryfinal-140421120726-phpapp01/85/Infographic-Mandatory-Spending-in-2013-1-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/budget2mandatoryfinal-140421120726-phpapp01/85/Infographic-Mandatory-Spending-in-2013-1-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/budget2mandatoryfinal-140421120726-phpapp01/75/Infographic-Mandatory-Spending-in-2013-1-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/budget2mandatoryfinal-140421120726-phpapp01/85/Infographic-Mandatory-Spending-in-2013-1-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="RelatedContent_root__29Np1"><div class="RelatedContent_wrapper__riU7l"><h2 class="Heading_heading__3MAvZ Heading_h2__f9yvs RelatedContent_title__QUhpL">More Related Content</h2><div></div><div></div><div id="between-recs-ad-1-container" class="freestar-ad-container FreestarAdContainer_root__qPPC_" style="--fallback-aspect-ratio:undefined / undefined"><div><div class="" id="between-recs-ad-1"></div></div></div><div></div><div id="between-recs-ad-2-container" class="freestar-ad-container FreestarAdContainer_root__qPPC_" style="--fallback-aspect-ratio:undefined / undefined"><div><div class="" id="between-recs-ad-2"></div></div></div><div></div><div></div></div></div><div class="Transcript_root__Vrf6Q"><h2 class="Transcript_title__YgAka"><span class="Icon_root__AjZyv" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/file.5db1ba24.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span>Infographic: Mandatory Spending in 2013</h2><div><ul class="Transcript_list__faItj"><div><li>1. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/budget2-mandatory-final/33764077#1">The FEDERAL BUDGET IN 2013 A </a> Closer Look at Mandatory Spending Primarily benefit programs for which laws set eligibility rules and benefit formulas Mandatory Spending in 2013 Billions of dollars Mandatory Spending at a Glance Mandatory Spending in 1993 and 2013 Percentage of gross domestic product REVENUES, $2.8 Trillion SPENDING, $3.5 Trillion Mandatory $2.0 Trillion Discretionary $1.2 Trillion Net Interest $0.2 Trillion FISCALYEAR2013 -200-400 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 Major Health Care Programs $861 Billion Social Security $808 Billion Income Security Programs $340 Billion Federal Civilian and Military Retirement $153 Billion Veterans’ Benefits $80 Billion Other Programs $95 Billion Offsetting Receipts −$305 Billion Medicare $265 $10 Medicaid Other Old-Age and Survivors Insurance $668 $140 $69$83$84 $92 $54 $66 $14 $7 $53 $52 Disability Insurance Unemployment Compensation Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Earned Income, Child, and Other Tax Credits Supplemental Security Income Other Civilian Military Other Income Security Other Funds collected by government agencies from other government accounts or from the public that are credited as an offset to gross spending. Offsetting receipts include Medicare premiums, intragovernmental payments for federal employees’ retirement, and receipts related to natural resources (such as those from oil and gas exploration and development). Change (Percentage points)1993 2013 Prepared by Maureen Costantino and Jonathan Schwabish Source: Congressional Budget Office, April 2014 Contact: CBO Projections Unit, Budget Analysis Division For more details, see CBO’s Updated Budget Projections: 2014 to 2024 (April 2014), http://go.usa.gov/k2TA. All data are for federal fiscal years, which run from October 1 to September 30. Numbers may not add up to totals because of rounding. $585 Other Medicaid Medicare Major Health Care Programs 2.0 Disability Insurance Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Social Security Other Supplemental Security Income Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Earned Income, Child, and Other Tax Credits Unemployment Compensation Income Security Programs Federal Civilian and Military Retirement Veterans’ Benefits Other Programs Offsetting Receipts 0.1 0.5 1.4 0.3 0.1 0.4 −0.1 0.0 0.1 −0.1 0.4 0.3 −0.1 0.2 0.4 −0.9 −2 0 2 4 6 −2 0 2 4 6 $2.0 Trillion $861 Billion Mandatory spending by the federal government in 2013 Spending in 2013 on major health care programs (without subtracting offsetting receipts), the largest component of mandatory spending Average mandatory spending as a percentage of gross domestic product between 1993 and 2012 10.6%12.2% Mandatory spending as a percentage of gross domestic product in 2013 </li></div></ul></div></div><div class="actions-menu-container 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Taxes affect economic activity through marginal tax rates and tax expenditures. Tax expenditures subsidize certain activities but reduce tax revenues. The tax burden is progressive, with higher-income households paying a larger share of their income in taxes.","tags":["revenues","trends","taxes"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/trends-in-federal-tax-revenues-and-rates/6006555","userLogin":"cbo","userName":"Congressional Budget Office","viewCount":7234},{"algorithmId":"2","displayTitle":"Shifting Priorities in the Federal Budget","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":38,"score":0.661,"slideshowId":"39014451","sourceName":"ss_similarity","strippedTitle":"shifting-priorities-in-the-federal-budget","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/45700-presentationcornell-140912083411-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"The federal budget will look very different in the future compared to the past. Under current law, federal debt will be much larger relative to the economy and a much larger share of spending will go to benefits for older Americans and healthcare. To put federal debt on a sustainable path, significant changes will need to be made through reducing benefits, raising taxes, or a combination of both. The Congressional Budget Office presentation outlines these future budget challenges and some options for addressing rising spending and debt.","tags":["federal budget","economy","budget outlook"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/shifting-priorities-in-the-federal-budget/39014451","userLogin":"cbo","userName":"Congressional Budget Office","viewCount":7759},{"algorithmId":"2","displayTitle":"Choices for Federal Spending and Taxes: CBO Director Doug Elmendorf's Goldman...","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":22,"score":0.6604,"slideshowId":"14318434","sourceName":"ss_similarity","strippedTitle":"choices-for-federal-spending-and-taxes-cbo-director-doug-elmendorfs-goldman-lecture-at-wellesley-college","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/09-13-2012-cbopresentationtowellesley-120917120430-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"The document is from the Congressional Budget Office and discusses the rising federal deficits and debt in the United States. It notes that under current policies, deficits are projected to increase significantly as a percentage of GDP due to factors like an aging population and rising healthcare costs. To put the budget on a sustainable path, lawmakers will need to adopt policies that increase taxes, reduce government benefits and services, or combine both. However, achieving the large amount of deficit reduction needed to stabilize rising debt levels will be very challenging.","tags":["tax","cbo","budget and economics"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/choices-for-federal-spending-and-taxes-cbo-director-doug-elmendorfs-goldman-lecture-at-wellesley-college/14318434","userLogin":"cbo","userName":"Congressional Budget Office","viewCount":4391},{"algorithmId":"2","displayTitle":"Potential Spending on Veterans’ Health Care, 2018–2028","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":14,"score":0.6575,"slideshowId":"123448514","sourceName":"ss_similarity","strippedTitle":"potential-spending-on-veterans-health-care-20182028","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/potentialspendingonveteranshealthcare2018-2028-181119190246-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Presentation by Heidi Golding, an analyst in CBO’s National Security Division, at the Southern Economic Association Annual Meeting.\r\n\r\nIn this presentation, CBO provides background information on the VA health care system and past spending and describes 10-year projections by CBO on VA health spending under three different scenarios. CBO finds that, under certain assumptions, future spending required to treat veterans may be substantially higher (in inflation-adjusted dollars) than recent appropriations.","tags":["cbo","congressional budget office","veterans"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/potential-spending-on-veterans-health-care-20182028/123448514","userLogin":"cbo","userName":"Congressional Budget Office","viewCount":4400},{"algorithmId":"2","displayTitle":"Raising the Excise Tax on Cigarettes: Effects on Health and the Federal Budget","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":25,"score":0.6561,"slideshowId":"13460005","sourceName":"ss_similarity","strippedTitle":"raising-the-excise-tax-on-cigarettes-effects-on-health-and-the-federal-bud","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/academyhealthsmokingpresentation6-26-120626113639-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"The Congressional Budget Office document analyzes the effects of raising the federal excise tax on cigarettes by 50 cents. It finds that such a policy would:\n1) Reduce the number of smokers by over 2 million people by 2034 and improve health outcomes by lowering mortality and healthcare spending. \n2) Increase federal revenues from the higher tax and decrease spending on federal health programs like Medicare and Medicaid due to the health improvements.\n3) Positively impact the federal budget over both the 10-year budget window and longer-term through the above effects on revenues, outlays, and population.","tags":["health","cbo","federal budget"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/raising-the-excise-tax-on-cigarettes-effects-on-health-and-the-federal-bud/13460005","userLogin":"cbo","userName":"Congressional Budget Office","viewCount":3065},{"algorithmId":"2","displayTitle":"CBO’s Budget and Economic Analysis During the Pandemic","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":14,"score":0.6548,"slideshowId":"250438178","sourceName":"ss_similarity","strippedTitle":"presentations-on-cbos-budget-and-economic-analysis-during-the-pandemic","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/57520-pandemic-budget-analysis-211013165314-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"CBO’s Director, Phillip Swagel, discusses the agency’s budget and economic analysis during the pandemic.","tags":["federal budget and economics","panic"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/presentations-on-cbos-budget-and-economic-analysis-during-the-pandemic/250438178","userLogin":"cbo","userName":"Congressional Budget Office","viewCount":3608},{"algorithmId":"2","displayTitle":"CBO’s Budget and Economic Analysis During the Pandemic","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":14,"score":0.6521,"slideshowId":"250586068","sourceName":"ss_similarity","strippedTitle":"cbos-budget-and-economic-analysis-during-the-pandemic","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/57523-pandemic-211103161944-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Phillip Swagel, Director of CBO, presented on CBO's budget and economic analysis during the pandemic. Key points included:\n- CBO estimated the budgetary effects of major COVID relief laws from 2020-2021, which increased the deficit by trillions of dollars. \n- Relief programs like PPP and enhanced unemployment benefits boosted GDP but also increased the deficit.\n- The pandemic led to employment losses and reduced health insurance coverage in 2020.\n- CBO continues to analyze the pandemic's impacts on health care spending, the labor market, and the broader economy.","tags":["health policy","economic growth","jobs"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/cbos-budget-and-economic-analysis-during-the-pandemic/250586068","userLogin":"cbo","userName":"Congressional Budget Office","viewCount":2457},{"algorithmId":"2","displayTitle":"Factors Underlying CBO’s Long-Term Outlook for Federal Health Care Spending","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":25,"score":0.6492,"slideshowId":"81461018","sourceName":"ss_similarity","strippedTitle":"factors-underlying-cbos-longterm-outlook-for-federal-health-care-spending","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/factorsunderlyingcboslong-termoutlookforfederalhealthcarespending-171101130217-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"CBO projects that federal spending on the major health care programs would grow larger than spending in any other category if current laws generally remained unchanged. Spending on those programs would account for 40 percent of federal noninterest spending in 2047, compared with 28 percent today. Two factors explain the projected growth in spending on major health care programs: aging and rising health care costs per person (also known as excess cost growth).\r\n\r\nPresentation by Keith Hall, CBO Director, to the Council for Affordable Health Coverage and the American Action Forum.","tags":["cbo","congressional budget office","healthcare"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/factors-underlying-cbos-longterm-outlook-for-federal-health-care-spending/81461018","userLogin":"cbo","userName":"Congressional Budget Office","viewCount":4750},{"algorithmId":"2","displayTitle":"Information Sources for Policymakers: Congressional Budget Office 101","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":6,"score":0.6486,"slideshowId":"239013297","sourceName":"ss_similarity","strippedTitle":"information-sources-for-policymakers-congressional-budget-office-101","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/56707-robillard-201029172638-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Presentation by Lara Robillard, an analyst in CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, at the Academy Health 2020 Health Policy Orientation.","tags":["information sources","congressional budget office"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/information-sources-for-policymakers-congressional-budget-office-101/239013297","userLogin":"cbo","userName":"Congressional Budget Office","viewCount":1856},{"algorithmId":"2","displayTitle":"How CBO Analyzes Approaches to Improve Health Through Disease Prevention","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":6,"score":0.6459,"slideshowId":"235723419","sourceName":"ss_similarity","strippedTitle":"how-cbo-analyzes-approaches-to-improve-health-through-disease-prevention","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/howcboanalyzesapproachestoimprovehealththroughdiseaseprevention-200616174942-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Preventive medical services encompass a wide range of interventions, including vaccinations that prevent diseases from occurring and screening tests designed to detect the presence of a disease before symptoms appear. Delivering preventive medical services results in costs for each person using the service. Vaccinations may cause some of those people to avoid the targeted disease, and screenings may allow some people to receive treatment earlier. Those people generally benefit from preventive medical services, but the net result can be decreases or increases in overall health care spending.\r\n\r\nIn this presentation, CBO’s Director provides an overview of the agency’s methods for estimating the budgetary effects of proposals to expand the use of preventive medical services.","tags":["cbo","congressional budget office","public health"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/cbo/how-cbo-analyzes-approaches-to-improve-health-through-disease-prevention","userLogin":"cbo","userName":"Congressional Budget Office","viewCount":2554},{"algorithmId":"2","displayTitle":"CBO’s Projections of Tax Revenues","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":16,"score":0.6389,"slideshowId":"250806499","sourceName":"ss_similarity","strippedTitle":"cbos-projections-of-tax-revenues","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/57578-nalfo-211208190305-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Presentation by Kathleen Burke, John McClelland, and Jennifer Shand, analysts in CBO’s Tax Analysis Division, to the National Association of Legislative Fiscal Offices.","tags":["projections","revenues"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/cbo/cbos-projections-of-tax-revenues","userLogin":"cbo","userName":"Congressional Budget Office","viewCount":1645},{"algorithmId":"2","displayTitle":"The Effects of Recent Legislation on the Economy and the Budget","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":6,"score":0.6365,"slideshowId":"250959803","sourceName":"ss_similarity","strippedTitle":"the-effects-of-recent-legislation-on-the-economy-and-the-budget","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/57698-aea-220107204641-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Phillip L. Swagel presented on the effects of recent legislation on the economy and budget at the American Economic Association Annual Meeting on January 7, 2022. The presentation analyzed the impact of pandemic-related legislation from March and April 2020 on GDP and the deficit. It found that this legislation increased GDP by 1.5-2.1 trillion and the deficit by 2.6 trillion from 2020 to 2023. The presentation also examined the estimated effects of the Build Back Better Act on the deficit, and projected growing deficits will drive federal debt to unprecedented levels over the next 30 years.","tags":["economy","budget","coronavirus pandemic"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/the-effects-of-recent-legislation-on-the-economy-and-the-budget/250959803","userLogin":"cbo","userName":"Congressional Budget Office","viewCount":1905}],"alsoLiked":[{"algorithmId":"21","displayTitle":"Business manners of pakistani people","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":38,"score":0,"slideshowId":"62254280","sourceName":"li_interact","strippedTitle":"business-manners-of-pakistani-people-62254280","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/businessmannersofpakistanipeople-160521124524-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Pakistani culture and business etiquette place a strong emphasis on building relationships and showing respect. 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Ph.D, MIEEE","viewCount":1786},{"algorithmId":"21","displayTitle":"Marketing by Numbers","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":3,"score":0,"slideshowId":"28987715","sourceName":"li_interact","strippedTitle":"marketing-by-numbers-28987715","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/marketingbynumbers-131207030251-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Xnine Communication conducted a study at an advertising agency in Islamabad in November 2013 to objectively evaluate using numbers for marketing consultancy. The study found that while some countries like America, China, and Japan frequently use numbers in business, Pakistani companies have been slower to adopt this practice. 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Each year, the agency’s economists and budget analysts produce dozens of reports and hundreds of cost estimates for proposed legislation. 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As a result, CBO estimates, public debt would reach 145 percent of GDP by 2047, higher than any percentage previously recorded in the United States.\r\nFederal tax and spending policies can affect the economy through their impact on federal borrowing, private demand for goods and services, people’s incentives to work and save, and federal investment, as well as through other channels. CBO has devoted significant effort to developing analytical tools that enable it to assess the macroeconomic effects of fiscal policies and how such effects, or “macroeconomic feedback,” would affect the federal budget. 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The Congressional Budget Office projects that over the next decade, if current laws remained generally unchanged, budget deficits would eventually follow an upward trajectory—the result of strong growth in spending for retirement and health care programs targeted to older people and rising interest payments on the government’s debt, accompanied by only modest growth in revenue collections. Those accumulating deficits would drive debt held by the public from its already high level up to its highest percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) since shortly after World War II.\r\nCBO’s estimate of the deficit for 2017 has decreased since August 2016, when the agency issued its previous estimates, primarily because mandatory spending is expected to be lower than earlier anticipated. 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In the later part of the 10-year projection period, output growth would be constrained by a relatively slow increase in the nation’s supply of labor.","tags":["economic forecast","congressional budget office","cbo"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/the-2017-budget-and-economic-outlook/71974067","userLogin":"cbo","userName":"Congressional Budget Office","viewCount":5298},{"algorithmId":"21","displayTitle":"Accelerated Startup @ Saint Mary's College of California","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":16,"score":0,"slideshowId":"49644968","sourceName":"li_interact","strippedTitle":"accelerated-startup-saint-marys-college-of-california","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/acceleratedstartup-st-150621024139-lva1-app6891-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Accelerated Startup – The New Business School\r\nPresented to Saint Mary's College of California EMBA - June 20th, 2015\r\n\r\nPre-order at 60% off: http://www.golomb.net/book","tags":["accelerated startup","venture capital","business"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/accelerated-startup-saint-marys-college-of-california/49644968","userLogin":"vitalyg","userName":"Vitaly Golomb","viewCount":1330},{"algorithmId":"21","displayTitle":"Γενόσημα","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":22,"score":0,"slideshowId":"14820812","sourceName":"li_interact","strippedTitle":"-14820812","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/biosimilar-121021055108-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"The document discusses biosimilar biological products and the FDA's guidance on them. The FDA has established an abbreviated licensure pathway for biosimilar biological products shown to be biosimilar to an FDA-licensed reference product. A biosimilar application must include analytical, animal, and clinical studies demonstrating biosimilarity based on being highly similar to the reference product with no clinically meaningful differences in safety, purity, and potency. The FDA evaluates all the evidence submitted using a totality of evidence approach.","tags":[],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/-14820812/14820812","userLogin":"imopgr","userName":"Institute for the Study of Urologic Diseases ","viewCount":976},{"algorithmId":"21","displayTitle":"Estadisticas de la investigación","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":13,"score":0,"slideshowId":"6992399","sourceName":"li_interact","strippedTitle":"estadisticas-de-la-investigacin-6992399","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/estadisticasdelainvestigacin-110220113045-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"El documento describe diferentes tipos de diseños de investigación y métodos estadísticos. Explica diseños experimentales e investigaciones no experimentales, y describe métodos estadísticos descriptivos, de regresión, curvas de ajuste e inferenciales. 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OECD analysts presented key findings and recommendations from the recent OECD report Transforming Catalonia’s Mobility System for Net Zero, launched in Barcelona this January, alongside Tatiana Fernandez, from the Catalan Government. Guided by the 3 steps of the OECD Systems Innovation for Net Zero process, this report takes a systems approach. It identifies processes and policy packages that can trigger behavioural change in favour of sustainable modes to reduce emissions while improving well-being in the land passenger transport sector in the region.","tags":["mobility","sustainable travel","net zero"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/oecd-green-talks-live-transforming-mobility-systems-for-net-zero-the-case-of-catalonia/275574700","userLogin":"OECD_ENV","userName":"OECD Environment","viewCount":129},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"购买美国学位证南加州大学毕业证（USC成绩单文凭）","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":9,"score":0,"slideshowId":"275806136","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"15-15-13-25-pptx","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/151325-250219081222-58ab3c5d-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"靠谱办理美国文凭南加州大学成绩单！【微信: A575476】南加州大学毕业证办理，南加州大学文凭办理，南加州大学成绩单办理和真实留信认证、留服认证、南加州大学学历认证。学院文凭定制，南加州大学原版文凭补办，扫描件文凭定做，100%文凭复刻。【微信: A575476】Buy University of Southern 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Transcript快速办理南加州大学教育部学历认证书毕业文凭证书》，拿不到官方毕业证；\r\n2、面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；\r\n3、不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；\r\n4、回国时间很长，忘记办理；\r\n5、回国马上就要找工作《正式成绩单南加州大学2024年新版学位证书》【微信: A575476】《极速办USC成绩单申请学校》办给用人单位看；　　\r\n6、企事业单位必须要求办理的；\r\n7、需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口、申请留学生创业基金。\r\n美国文凭南加州大学成绩单，USC毕业证【微信: A575476】办理美国南加州大学毕业证(USC毕业证书)【微信: A575476】研究生学历文凭南加州大学offer/学位证假文凭制作、留信官方学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作。帮你解决南加州大学学历学位认证难题。\r\n美国文凭购买，美国文凭定制，美国文凭补办。专业在线定制美国大学文凭，定做美国本科文凭，【微信: A575476】复制美国University of Southern California completion letter。在线快速补办美国本科毕业证、硕士文凭证书，购买美国学位证、南加州大学Offer，美国大学文凭在线购买。高仿真还原美国文凭证书和外壳，定制美国南加州大学成绩单和信封。毕业证制作案例USC毕业证【微信: A575476】办理美国南加州大学毕业证(USC毕业证书)【微信: A575476】毕业证南加州大学offer/学位证本科硕士学历认证查询、留信官方学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作。帮你解决南加州大学学历学位认证难题。\r\n\r\n特殊原因导致无法毕业，也可以联系我们帮您办理相关材料：\r\n１：在南加州大学挂科了，不想读了，成绩不理想怎么办？？？\r\n2：打算回国了，找工作的时候，需要提供认证《USC成绩单购买办理南加州大学毕业证书范本》【Q/WeChat：1954292140】Buy University of Southern California 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留信认证对就业的好处\r\n提高竞争力：通过留信认证，尤其是对你所学专业的认证，可以大大提高你在国内求职时的竞争力。许多企业对留学生背景和所学专业有很高的要求，认证后的信息能够帮助企业快速识别符合条件的候选人。\r\n增强信任度：企业往往会对没有认证的学历背景产生疑虑，而留信认证为你的学历背景提供了第三方权威机构的背书，增强了雇主的信任。\r\n对接高端岗位：通过认证后，留学生的个人信息被纳入国家人才库，这也意味着你可以被更多的高端岗位、国有大企业和跨国公司注意到，特别是那些招聘具有国际化背景的人才的公司。","tags":["美国南加州大学毕业证（usc毕业证书）"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/15-15-13-25-pptx/275806136","userLogin":"hsygdt","userName":"taqyea ","viewCount":8},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"购买美国学位证诺福克州立大学毕业证（NSU成绩单文凭）","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":9,"score":0,"slideshowId":"275806144","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"16-15-13-25-pptx","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/151325-250219081244-4439a1a4-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"靠谱办理美国文凭诺福克州立大学成绩单！【微信: A575476】诺福克州立大学毕业证办理，诺福克州立大学文凭办理，诺福克州立大学成绩单办理和真实留信认证、留服认证、诺福克州立大学学历认证。学院文凭定制，诺福克州立大学原版文凭补办，扫描件文凭定做，100%文凭复刻。【微信: A575476】Buy Norfolk State University Diploma购买美国毕业证，购买英国毕业证，购买澳洲毕业证，购买加拿大毕业证，以及德国毕业证，购买法国毕业证（微信: A575476）购买荷兰毕业证、购买瑞士毕业证、购买日本毕业证、购买韩国毕业证、购买新西兰毕业证、购买新加坡毕业证、购买西班牙毕业证、购买马来西亚毕业证等。包括了本科毕业证，硕士毕业证。\r\n\r\n主营项目：\r\n1、真实教育部国外学历学位认证《美国毕业文凭证书快速办理诺福克州立大学毕业证书电子版》【微信: A575476】《论文没过诺福克州立大学正式成绩单》，教育部存档，教育部留服网站100%可查.\r\n2、办理NSU毕业证，改成绩单《NSU毕业证明办理诺福克州立大学复刻毕业证》【Q/WeChat：1954292140】Buy Norfolk State University Certificates《正式成绩单论文没过》，诺福克州立大学Offer、在读证明、学生卡、信封、证明信等全套材料，从防伪到印刷，从水印到钢印烫金，高精仿度跟学校原版100%相同.\r\n3、真实使馆认证（即留学人员回国证明），使馆存档可通过大使馆查询确认.\r\n4、留信网认证，国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书，留信网存档可查.\r\n《诺福克州立大学专业定制国外毕业证书美国毕业证书办理NSU在线制作硕士文凭》【微信: A575476】学位证1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。\r\n【微信: A575476】办理诺福克州立大学毕业证(NSU毕业证书)研究生学历信息【微信: A575476】诺福克州立大学offer/学位证、留信官方学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作\r\n\r\n如果您在英、加、美、澳、欧洲等留学过程中或回国后：\r\n1、在校期间因各种原因未能顺利毕业《NSU成绩单工艺详解》【Q/WeChat：1954292140】《Buy Norfolk State University Transcript快速办理诺福克州立大学教育部学历认证书毕业文凭证书》，拿不到官方毕业证；\r\n2、面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；\r\n3、不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；\r\n4、回国时间很长，忘记办理；\r\n5、回国马上就要找工作《正式成绩单诺福克州立大学成绩单影本》【微信: A575476】《文凭购买NSU国外本科offer在线制作》办给用人单位看；　　\r\n6、企事业单位必须要求办理的；\r\n7、需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口、申请留学生创业基金。\r\n美国文凭诺福克州立大学成绩单，NSU毕业证【微信: A575476】办理美国诺福克州立大学毕业证(NSU毕业证书)【微信: A575476】成绩单制作案例诺福克州立大学offer/学位证假文凭回国找工作、留信官方学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作。帮你解决诺福克州立大学学历学位认证难题。\r\n美国文凭购买，美国文凭定制，美国文凭补办。专业在线定制美国大学文凭，定做美国本科文凭，【微信: A575476】复制美国Norfolk State University completion letter。在线快速补办美国本科毕业证、硕士文凭证书，购买美国学位证、诺福克州立大学Offer，美国大学文凭在线购买。高仿真还原美国文凭证书和外壳，定制美国诺福克州立大学成绩单和信封。办理学历认证NSU毕业证【微信: A575476】办理美国诺福克州立大学毕业证(NSU毕业证书)【微信: A575476】2024年新版成绩单诺福克州立大学offer/学位证定制成绩单GPA、留信官方学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作。帮你解决诺福克州立大学学历学位认证难题。\r\n\r\n特殊原因导致无法毕业，也可以联系我们帮您办理相关材料：\r\n１：在诺福克州立大学挂科了，不想读了，成绩不理想怎么办？？？\r\n2：打算回国了，找工作的时候，需要提供认证《NSU成绩单购买办理诺福克州立大学毕业证书范本》【Q/WeChat：1954292140】Buy Norfolk State University Diploma《正式成绩单论文没过》有文凭却得不到认证。又该怎么办？？？美国毕业证购买，美国文凭购买，\r\n3：回国了找工作没有诺福克州立大学文凭怎么办？有本科却要求硕士又怎么办？\r\n帮您解决在美国诺福克州立大学未毕业难题（Norfolk State University）文凭购买、毕业证购买、大学文凭购买、大学毕业证购买、买文凭、日韩文凭、英国大学文凭、美国大学文凭、澳洲大学文凭、加拿大大学文凭（微信: A575476）新加坡大学文凭、新西兰大学文凭、爱尔兰文凭、西班牙文凭、德国文凭、教育部认证，买毕业证，毕业证购买，买大学文凭，购买日韩毕业证、英国大学毕业证、美国大学毕业证、澳洲大学毕业证、加拿大大学毕业证（微信: A575476）新加坡大学毕业证、新西兰大学毕业证、爱尔兰毕业证、西班牙毕业证、德国毕业证，回国证明，留信网认证，留信认证办理，学历认证。从而完成就业。\r\n\r\n留信认证的作用：\r\n1. 身份认证：留信认证可以证明你的留学经历是真实的，且你获得的学历或学位是正规且经过认证的。这对于一些用人单位来说，尤其是对留学经历有高度要求的公司（如跨国公司或国内高端企业），这是非常重要的一个凭证。\r\n专业评定：留信认证不仅认证你的学位证书，还会对你的所学专业进行评定。这有助于展示你的学术背景，特别是对于国内企业而言，能够清楚了解你所学专业的水平和价值。\r\n国家人才库入库：认证后，你的信息将被纳入国家人才库，并且可以在国家人才网等平台上展示，供包括500强企业等大型公司挑选和聘用人才。这对于回国找工作特别是进入大公司，具有非常积极的作用。\r\n2. 留信认证对就业的好处\r\n提高竞争力：通过留信认证，尤其是对你所学专业的认证，可以大大提高你在国内求职时的竞争力。许多企业对留学生背景和所学专业有很高的要求，认证后的信息能够帮助企业快速识别符合条件的候选人。\r\n增强信任度：企业往往会对没有认证的学历背景产生疑虑，而留信认证为你的学历背景提供了第三方权威机构的背书，增强了雇主的信任。\r\n对接高端岗位：通过认证后，留学生的个人信息被纳入国家人才库，这也意味着你可以被更多的高端岗位、国有大企业和跨国公司注意到，特别是那些招聘具有国际化背景的人才的公司。","tags":["美国诺福克州立大学毕业证（nsu毕业证书）"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/16-15-13-25-pptx/275806144","userLogin":"hsygdt","userName":"taqyea ","viewCount":8},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"Activity Calender January - June (1).pdf","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":4,"score":0,"slideshowId":"275622086","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"activity-calender-january-june-1-pdf","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/activitycalenderjanuary-june1-250213141140-c1a648a1-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"The Shift - Activity Calendar - January - June 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Mandatory Spending\nPrimarily benefit programs for which laws set eligibility rules and benefit formulas\nMandatory Spending in 2013\nBillions of dollars\nMandatory Spending at a Glance\nMandatory Spending in 1993 and 2013\nPercentage of gross domestic product\nREVENUES, $2.8 Trillion\nSPENDING, $3.5 Trillion\nMandatory\n$2.0 Trillion\nDiscretionary\n$1.2 Trillion\nNet Interest\n$0.2 Trillion\nFISCALYEAR2013\n-200-400 0 200 400 600 800 1,000\nMajor Health Care\nPrograms\n$861 Billion\nSocial Security\n$808 Billion\nIncome Security Programs\n$340 Billion\nFederal Civilian and\nMilitary Retirement\n$153 Billion\nVeterans’ Benefits\n$80 Billion\nOther Programs\n$95 Billion\nOffsetting Receipts\n−$305 Billion\nMedicare\n$265 $10\nMedicaid Other\nOld-Age and Survivors Insurance\n$668 $140\n$69$83$84\n$92 $54\n$66 $14\n$7\n$53 $52\nDisability Insurance\nUnemployment\nCompensation\nSupplemental\nNutrition\nAssistance Program\nEarned Income,\nChild, and\nOther Tax Credits\nSupplemental Security Income\nOther\nCivilian Military Other\nIncome\nSecurity\nOther\nFunds collected by government agencies from other government accounts\nor from the public that are credited as an offset to gross spending.\nOffsetting receipts include Medicare premiums, intragovernmental\npayments for federal employees’ retirement, and receipts related to natural\nresources (such as those from oil and gas exploration and development).\nChange\n(Percentage points)1993 2013\nPrepared by Maureen Costantino and Jonathan Schwabish\nSource: Congressional Budget Office, April 2014\nContact: CBO Projections Unit, Budget Analysis Division\nFor more details, see CBO’s Updated Budget Projections: 2014 to 2024\n(April 2014), http://go.usa.gov/k2TA.\nAll data are for federal fiscal years,\nwhich run from October 1 to September 30.\nNumbers may not add up to totals because of rounding.\n$585\nOther\nMedicaid\nMedicare\nMajor Health Care Programs 2.0\nDisability Insurance\nOld-Age and Survivors Insurance\nSocial Security\nOther\nSupplemental Security Income\nSupplemental Nutrition Assistance Program\nEarned Income, Child, and Other Tax Credits\nUnemployment Compensation\nIncome Security Programs\nFederal Civilian and Military Retirement\nVeterans’ Benefits\nOther Programs\nOffsetting Receipts\n0.1\n0.5\n1.4\n0.3\n0.1\n0.4\n−0.1\n0.0\n0.1\n−0.1\n0.4\n0.3\n−0.1\n0.2\n0.4\n−0.9\n−2 0 2 4 6\n−2 0 2 4 6\n$2.0 Trillion $861 Billion\nMandatory spending by\nthe federal government\nin 2013\nSpending in 2013 on\nmajor health care programs\n(without subtracting offsetting\nreceipts), the largest\ncomponent of mandatory\nspending\nAverage mandatory\nspending as a percentage of\ngross domestic product\nbetween 1993 and 2012\n10.6%12.2%\nMandatory spending\nas a percentage of gross\ndomestic product\nin 2013\n 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