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Matrix</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: QFD Matrix"> <meta name="keywords" content="QFD Matrix"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="QFD Matrix"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2221</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: QFD Matrix</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2191</span> A Constitutive Model of Ligaments and Tendons Accounting for Fiber-Matrix Interaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratchada%20Sopakayang">Ratchada Sopakayang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gerhard%20A.%20Holzapfel"> Gerhard A. Holzapfel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a new constitutive model is developed to describe the hyperelastic behavior of collagenous tissues with a parallel arrangement of collagen fibers such as ligaments and tendons. The model is formulated using a continuum approach incorporating the structural changes of the main tissue components: collagen fibers, proteoglycan-rich matrix and fiber-matrix interaction. The mechanical contribution of the interaction between the fibers and the matrix is simply expressed by a coupling term. The structural change of the collagen fibers is incorporated in the constitutive model to describe the activation of the fibers under tissue straining. Finally, the constitutive model can easily describe the stress-stretch nonlinearity which occurs when a ligament/tendon is axially stretched. This study shows that the interaction between the fibers and the matrix contributes to the mechanical tissue response. Therefore, the model may lead to a better understanding of the physiological mechanisms of ligaments and tendons under axial loading. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitutive%20model" title="constitutive model">constitutive model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber-matrix" title=" fiber-matrix"> fiber-matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperelasticity" title=" hyperelasticity"> hyperelasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction" title=" interaction"> interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ligament" title=" ligament"> ligament</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tendon" title=" tendon"> tendon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67881/a-constitutive-model-of-ligaments-and-tendons-accounting-for-fiber-matrix-interaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67881.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2190</span> Retention Properties of the Matrix Material Fe-Mn-Cu-Sn-C in Relation to Diamond Particles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%C5%BCbieta%20Cygan-B%C4%85czek">Elżbieta Cygan-Bączek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piotr%20Wy%C5%BCga"> Piotr Wyżga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S%C5%82awomir%20Cygan"> Sławomir Cygan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the presented work, the main goal was to investigate the retention properties, defined as the ability of the matrix material to hold diamond particles in relation to metallized (Ti, Si, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni) and non-metallized diamond crystals. For this purpose, diamond-impregnated specimens were tested for wear rate on abrasive sandstone using a test rig specially designed to simulate tool application conditions. The tests that involved 3- and 2-body abrasion ranked the alloys in different orders. The ability of the matrix to retain diamond crystals was determined using the electron microskopy (SEM, TEM). The specimens were also characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and hardness. The conducted research has shown that Si and Ti metallized diamonds, apart from mechanical jamming in the matrix, are also connected in a metallurgical manner, ensuring the improvement of the retention properties of the matrix material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diamond" title="diamond">diamond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metallic-diamond%20segments" title=" metallic-diamond segments"> metallic-diamond segments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retention" title=" retention"> retention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abrasive%20wear%20resistance" title=" abrasive wear resistance"> abrasive wear resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148145/retention-properties-of-the-matrix-material-fe-mn-cu-sn-c-in-relation-to-diamond-particles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148145.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2189</span> Wear Behaviors of B4C and SiC Particle Reinforced AZ91 Magnesium Matrix Metal Composites </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20E.%20Turan">M. E. Turan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Zengin"> H. Zengin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Cevik"> E. Cevik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Sun"> Y. Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Turen"> Y. Turen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Ahlatci"> H. Ahlatci</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the effects of B<sub>4</sub>C and SiC particle reinforcements on wear properties of magnesium matrix metal composites produced by pressure infiltration method were investigated. AZ91 (9%Al-1%Zn) magnesium alloy was used as a matrix. AZ91 magnesium alloy was melted under an argon atmosphere. The melt was infiltrated to the particles with an appropriate pressure. Wear tests, hardness tests were performed respectively. Microstructure characterizations were examined by light optical (LOM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that uniform particle distributions were achieved in both B<sub>4</sub>C and SiC reinforced composites. Wear behaviors of magnesium matrix metal composites changed as a function of type of particles. SiC reinforced composite has better wear performance and higher hardness than B<sub>4</sub>C reinforced composite. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium%20matrix%20composite" title="magnesium matrix composite">magnesium matrix composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20infiltration" title=" pressure infiltration"> pressure infiltration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear" title=" wear"> wear</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56230/wear-behaviors-of-b4c-and-sic-particle-reinforced-az91-magnesium-matrix-metal-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2188</span> Application of Neural Network in Portfolio Product Companies: Integration of Boston Consulting Group Matrix and Ansoff Matrix</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Khajezadeh">M. Khajezadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Saied%20Fallah%20Niasar"> M. Saied Fallah Niasar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ali%20Asli"> S. Ali Asli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Davani%20Davari"> D. Davani Davari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Godarzi"> M. Godarzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Asgari"> Y. Asgari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to explore the joint application of both Boston and Ansoff matrices in the operational development of the product. We conduct deep analysis, by utilizing the Artificial Neural Network, to predict the position of the product in the market while the company is interested in increasing its share. The data are gathered from two industries, called hygiene and detergent. In doing so, the effort is being made by investigating the behavior of top player companies and, recommend strategic orientations. In conclusion, this combination analysis is appropriate for operational development; as well, it plays an important role in providing the position of the product in the market for both hygiene and detergent industries. More importantly, it will elaborate on the company’s strategies to increase its market share related to a combination of the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix and Ansoff Matrix. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title="artificial neural network">artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=portfolio%20analysis" title=" portfolio analysis"> portfolio analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BCG%20matrix" title=" BCG matrix"> BCG matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ansoff%20matrix" title=" Ansoff matrix"> Ansoff matrix</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103499/application-of-neural-network-in-portfolio-product-companies-integration-of-boston-consulting-group-matrix-and-ansoff-matrix" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103499.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2187</span> Effects of Matrix Properties on Surfactant Enhanced Oil Recovery in Fractured Reservoirs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoqian%20Cheng">Xiaoqian Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jon%20Kleppe"> Jon Kleppe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ole%20Tors%C3%A6ter"> Ole Torsæter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The properties of rocks have effects on efficiency of surfactant. One objective of this study is to analyze the effects of rock properties (permeability, porosity, initial water saturation) on surfactant spontaneous imbibition at laboratory scale. The other objective is to evaluate existing upscaling methods and establish a modified upscaling method. A core is put in a container that is full of surfactant solution. Assume there is no space between the bottom of the core and the container. The core is modelled as a cuboid matrix with a length of 3.5 cm, a width of 3.5 cm, and a height of 5 cm. The initial matrix, brine and oil properties are set as the properties of Ekofisk Field. The simulation results of matrix permeability show that the oil recovery rate has a strong positive linear relationship with matrix permeability. Higher oil recovery is obtained from the matrix with higher permeability. One existing upscaling method is verified by this model. The study on matrix porosity shows that the relationship between oil recovery rate and matrix porosity is a negative power function. However, the relationship between ultimate oil recovery and matrix porosity is a positive power function. The initial water saturation of matrix has negative linear relationships with ultimate oil recovery and enhanced oil recovery. However, the relationship between oil recovery and initial water saturation is more complicated with the imbibition time because of the transition of dominating force from capillary force to gravity force. Modified upscaling methods are established. The work here could be used as a reference for the surfactant application in fractured reservoirs. And the description of the relationships between properties of matrix and the oil recovery rate and ultimate oil recovery helps to improve upscaling methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initial%20water%20saturation" title="initial water saturation">initial water saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permeability" title=" permeability"> permeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title=" porosity"> porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfactant%20EOR" title=" surfactant EOR"> surfactant EOR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96449/effects-of-matrix-properties-on-surfactant-enhanced-oil-recovery-in-fractured-reservoirs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96449.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2186</span> Plasticity in Matrix Dominated Metal-Matrix Composite with One Active Slip Based Dislocation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Temesgen%20Takele%20Kasa">Temesgen Takele Kasa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main aim of this paper is to suggest one active slip based continuum dislocation approach to matrix dominated MMC plasticity analysis. The approach centered the free energy principles through the continuum behavior of dislocations combined with small strain continuum kinematics. The analytical derivation of this method includes the formulation of one active slip system, the thermodynamic approach of dislocations, determination of free energy, and evolution of dislocations. In addition zero and non-zero energy dissipation analysis of dislocation evolution is also formulated by using varational energy minimization method. In general, this work shows its capability to analyze the plasticity of matrix dominated MMC with inclusions. The proposed method is also found to be capable of handling plasticity of MMC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20slip" title="active slip">active slip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuum%20dislocation" title=" continuum dislocation"> continuum dislocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distortion" title=" distortion"> distortion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dominated" title=" dominated"> dominated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20dissipation" title=" energy dissipation"> energy dissipation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix%20dominated" title=" matrix dominated"> matrix dominated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasticity" title=" plasticity"> plasticity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66664/plasticity-in-matrix-dominated-metal-matrix-composite-with-one-active-slip-based-dislocation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66664.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2185</span> The Design of a Mixed Matrix Model for Activity Levels Extraction and Sub Processes Classification of a Work Project (Case: Great Tehran Electrical Distribution Company)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Allahmoradi">Elham Allahmoradi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahman%20Allahmoradi"> Bahman Allahmoradi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Bonyadi%20Naeini"> Ali Bonyadi Naeini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Complex systems have many aspects. A variety of methods have been developed to analyze these systems. The most efficient of these methods should not only be simple, but also provide useful and comprehensive information about many aspects of the system. Matrix methods are considered the most commonly methods used to analyze and design systems. Each matrix method can examine a particular aspect of the system. If these methods are combined, managers can access to more comprehensive and broader information about the system. This study was conducted in four steps. In the first step, a process model of a real project has been extracted through IDEF3. In the second step, activity levels have been attained by writing a process model in the form of a design structure matrix (DSM) and sorting it through triangulation algorithm (TA). In the third step, sub-processes have been obtained by writing the process model in the form of an interface structure matrix (ISM) and clustering it through cluster identification algorithm (CIA). In the fourth step, a mixed model has been developed to provide a unified picture of the project structure through the simultaneous presentation of activities and sub-processes. Finally, the paper is completed with a conclusion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20definition%20for%20process%20description%20capture%20%28IDEF3%29%20method" title="integrated definition for process description capture (IDEF3) method">integrated definition for process description capture (IDEF3) method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20structure%20matrix%20%28DSM%29" title=" design structure matrix (DSM)"> design structure matrix (DSM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interface%20structure%20matrix%20%28ism%29" title=" interface structure matrix (ism)"> interface structure matrix (ism)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20matrix%20model" title=" mixed matrix model"> mixed matrix model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activity%20level" title=" activity level"> activity level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-process" title=" sub-process"> sub-process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35902/the-design-of-a-mixed-matrix-model-for-activity-levels-extraction-and-sub-processes-classification-of-a-work-project-case-great-tehran-electrical-distribution-company" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">494</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2184</span> Parallel Computing: Offloading Matrix Multiplication to GPU</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bharath%20R.">Bharath R.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tharun%20Sai%20N."> Tharun Sai N.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhuvan%20G."> Bhuvan G.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This project focuses on developing a Parallel Computing method aimed at optimizing matrix multiplication through GPU acceleration. Addressing algorithmic challenges, GPU programming intricacies, and integration issues, the project aims to enhance efficiency and scalability. The methodology involves algorithm design, GPU programming, and optimization techniques. Future plans include advanced optimizations, extended functionality, and integration with high-level frameworks. User engagement is emphasized through user-friendly interfaces, open- source collaboration, and continuous refinement based on feedback. The project's impact extends to significantly improving matrix multiplication performance in scientific computing and machine learning applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix%20multiplication" title="matrix multiplication">matrix multiplication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20processing" title=" parallel processing"> parallel processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cuda" title=" cuda"> cuda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20boost" title=" performance boost"> performance boost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20networks" title=" neural networks"> neural networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185203/parallel-computing-offloading-matrix-multiplication-to-gpu" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185203.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">58</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2183</span> Frequency Transformation with Pascal Matrix Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phuoc%20Si%20Nguyen">Phuoc Si Nguyen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Frequency transformation with Pascal matrix equations is a method for transforming an electronic filter (analogue or digital) into another filter. The technique is based on frequency transformation in the s-domain, bilinear z-transform with pre-warping frequency, inverse bilinear transformation and a very useful application of the Pascal’s triangle that simplifies computing and enables calculation by hand when transforming from one filter to another. This paper will introduce two methods to transform a filter into a digital filter: frequency transformation from the s-domain into the z-domain; and frequency transformation in the z-domain. Further, two Pascal matrix equations are derived: an analogue to digital filter Pascal matrix equation and a digital to digital filter Pascal matrix equation. These are used to design a desired digital filter from a given filter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20transformation" title="frequency transformation">frequency transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilinear%20z-transformation" title=" bilinear z-transformation"> bilinear z-transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-warping%20frequency" title=" pre-warping frequency"> pre-warping frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20filters" title=" digital filters"> digital filters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analog%20filters" title=" analog filters"> analog filters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pascal%E2%80%99s%20triangle" title=" pascal’s triangle"> pascal’s triangle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34866/frequency-transformation-with-pascal-matrix-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34866.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">549</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2182</span> A Mixing Matrix Estimation Algorithm for Speech Signals under the Under-Determined Blind Source Separation Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Wu">Jing Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Lv"> Wei Lv</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yibing%20Li"> Yibing Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuanfan%20You"> Yuanfan You</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The separation of speech signals has become a research hotspot in the field of signal processing in recent years. It has many applications and influences in teleconferencing, hearing aids, speech recognition of machines and so on. The sounds received are usually noisy. The issue of identifying the sounds of interest and obtaining clear sounds in such an environment becomes a problem worth exploring, that is, the problem of blind source separation. This paper focuses on the under-determined blind source separation (UBSS). Sparse component analysis is generally used for the problem of under-determined blind source separation. The method is mainly divided into two parts. Firstly, the clustering algorithm is used to estimate the mixing matrix according to the observed signals. Then the signal is separated based on the known mixing matrix. In this paper, the problem of mixing matrix estimation is studied. This paper proposes an improved algorithm to estimate the mixing matrix for speech signals in the UBSS model. The traditional potential algorithm is not accurate for the mixing matrix estimation, especially for low signal-to noise ratio (SNR).In response to this problem, this paper considers the idea of an improved potential function method to estimate the mixing matrix. The algorithm not only avoids the inuence of insufficient prior information in traditional clustering algorithm, but also improves the estimation accuracy of mixing matrix. This paper takes the mixing of four speech signals into two channels as an example. The results of simulations show that the approach in this paper not only improves the accuracy of estimation, but also applies to any mixing matrix. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DBSCAN" title="DBSCAN">DBSCAN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potential%20function" title=" potential function"> potential function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speech%20signal" title=" speech signal"> speech signal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20UBSS%20model" title=" the UBSS model"> the UBSS model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101455/a-mixing-matrix-estimation-algorithm-for-speech-signals-under-the-under-determined-blind-source-separation-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101455.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2181</span> Sustainability Modelling and Sustainability Evaluation of a Mechanical System in a Concurrent Engineering Environment: A Digraph and Matrix Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anand%20Ankush">Anand Ankush</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wani%20Mohammed%20Farooq"> Wani Mohammed Farooq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A procedure based on digraph and matrix method is developed for modelling and evaluation of sustainability of Mechanical System in a concurrent engineering environment.The sustainability parameters of a Mechanical System are identified and are called sustainability attributes. Consideration of attributes and their interrelations is rudiment in modeling and evaluation of sustainability index. Sustainability attributes of a Mechanical System are modelled in termsof sustainability digraph. The graph is represented by a one-to-one matrix for sustainability expression which is based on sustainability attributes. A variable sustainability relationship permanent matrix is defined to develop sustainability expression(VPF-t) which is also useful in comparing two systems in a concurrent environment. The sustainability index of Mechanical System is obtained from permanent of matrix by substituting the numerical values of attributes and their interrelations. A higher value of index implies better sustainability of system.The ideal value of index is obtained from matrix expression which is useful in assessing relative sustainability of a Mechanical System in a concurrent engineering environment. The procedure is not only useful for evaluation of sustainability of a Mechanical System at conceptual design stage but can also be used for design and development of systems at system design stage. A step-by-step procedure for evaluation of sustainability index is also suggested and is illustrated by means of an example. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digraph" title="digraph">digraph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix%20method" title=" matrix method"> matrix method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20system" title=" mechanical system"> mechanical system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25964/sustainability-modelling-and-sustainability-evaluation-of-a-mechanical-system-in-a-concurrent-engineering-environment-a-digraph-and-matrix-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2180</span> Bounds on the Laplacian Vertex PI Energy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ezgi%20Kaya">Ezgi Kaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Dilek%20Maden"> A. Dilek Maden</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A topological index is a number related to graph which is invariant under graph isomorphism. In theoretical chemistry, molecular structure descriptors (also called topological indices) are used for modeling physicochemical, pharmacologic, toxicologic, biological and other properties of chemical compounds. Let G be a graph with n vertices and m edges. For a given edge uv, the quantity nu(e) denotes the number of vertices closer to u than v, the quantity nv(e) is defined analogously. The vertex PI index defined as the sum of the nu(e) and nv(e). Here the sum is taken over all edges of G. The energy of a graph is defined as the sum of the eigenvalues of adjacency matrix of G and the Laplacian energy of a graph is defined as the sum of the absolute value of difference of laplacian eigenvalues and average degree of G. In theoretical chemistry, the π-electron energy of a conjugated carbon molecule, computed using the Hückel theory, coincides with the energy. Hence results on graph energy assume special significance. The Laplacian matrix of a graph G weighted by the vertex PI weighting is the Laplacian vertex PI matrix and the Laplacian vertex PI eigenvalues of a connected graph G are the eigenvalues of its Laplacian vertex PI matrix. In this study, Laplacian vertex PI energy of a graph is defined of G. We also give some bounds for the Laplacian vertex PI energy of graphs in terms of vertex PI index, the sum of the squares of entries in the Laplacian vertex PI matrix and the absolute value of the determinant of the Laplacian vertex PI matrix. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title="energy">energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laplacian%20energy" title=" Laplacian energy"> Laplacian energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laplacian%20vertex%20PI%20eigenvalues" title=" laplacian vertex PI eigenvalues"> laplacian vertex PI eigenvalues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laplacian%20vertex%20PI%20energy" title=" Laplacian vertex PI energy"> Laplacian vertex PI energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertex%20PI%20index" title=" vertex PI index"> vertex PI index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73194/bounds-on-the-laplacian-vertex-pi-energy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73194.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2179</span> Principle Components Updates via Matrix Perturbations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aiman%20Elragig">Aiman Elragig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20Dreiwi"> Hanan Dreiwi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dung%20Ly"> Dung Ly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Idriss%20Elmabrook"> Idriss Elmabrook</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper highlights a new approach to look at online principle components analysis (OPCA). Given a data matrix X <span style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84); font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">∈ </span> R,^m x n we characterise the online updates of its covariance as a matrix perturbation problem. Up to the principle components, it turns out that online updates of the batch PCA can be captured by symmetric matrix perturbation of the batch covariance matrix. We have shown that as n→ n0 >> 1, the batch covariance and its update become almost similar. Finally, utilize our new setup of online updates to find a bound on the angle distance of the principle components of X and its update. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20data%20updates" title="online data updates">online data updates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=covariance%20matrix" title=" covariance matrix"> covariance matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20principle%20component%20analysis" title=" online principle component analysis"> online principle component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix%20perturbation" title=" matrix perturbation"> matrix perturbation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76536/principle-components-updates-via-matrix-perturbations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76536.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2178</span> Mechanical Properties of CNT Reinforced Composite Using Berkovich Nanoindentation Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khondaker%20Sakil%20Ahmed">Khondaker Sakil Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ang%20Kok%20Keng"> Ang Kok Keng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shah%20Md%20Muniruzzaman"> Shah Md Muniruzzaman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spherical and Berkovich indentation tests are carried out numerically using finite element method for uniformly dispersed Carbon Nanotube (CNT) in the polymer matrix in which perfectly bonded CNT/matrix interface is considered. The Large strain elasto-plastic analysis is performed to investigate the actual scenario of nanoindentation test. This study investigates how the addition of CNT in polymer matrix influences the mechanical properties like hardness, elastic modulus of the nanocomposite. Since the wall thickness to radius ratio (t/r) is significantly small for SWCNT there is a huge possibility of lateral buckling which is a function of the location of indentation tip as well as the mechanical properties of matrix. Separate finite element models are constructed to compare the result with Berkovich indentation. This study also investigates the buckling behavior of different nanotube in a different polymer matrix. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotube" title="carbon nanotube">carbon nanotube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elasto-plastic" title=" elasto-plastic"> elasto-plastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20model" title=" finite element model"> finite element model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-indentation" title=" nano-indentation"> nano-indentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32191/mechanical-properties-of-cnt-reinforced-composite-using-berkovich-nanoindentation-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32191.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2177</span> Production of (V-B) Reinforced Fe Matrix Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kerim%20Emre%20%C3%96ks%C3%BCz">Kerim Emre Öksüz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20%C3%87evik"> Mehmet Çevik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Enbiya%20Bozda%C4%9F"> A. Enbiya Bozdağ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20%C3%96zer"> Ali Özer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20%C5%9Eim%C5%9Fir"> Mehmet Şimşir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metal matrix composites (MMCs) have gained a considerable interest in the last three decades. Conventional powder metallurgy production route often involves the addition of reinforcing phases into the metal matrix directly, which leads to poor wetting behavior between ceramic phase and metal matrix and the segregation of reinforcements. The commonly used elements for ceramic phase formation in iron based MMCs are Ti, Nb, Mo, W, V and C, B. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the effect of sintering temperature and V-B addition on densification, phase development, microstructure, and hardness of Fe–V-B composites (Fe-(5-10) wt. %B – 25 wt. %V alloys) prepared by powder metallurgy process. Metal powder mixes were pressed uniaxial and sintered at different temperatures (ranging from 1300 to 1400ºC) for 1h. The microstructure of the (V, B) Fe composites was studied with the help of high magnification optical microscope and XRD. Experimental results show that (V, B) Fe composites can be produced by conventional powder metallurgy route. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness" title="hardness">hardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20matrix%20composite%20%28MMC%29" title=" metal matrix composite (MMC)"> metal matrix composite (MMC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder%20metallurgy" title=" powder metallurgy"> powder metallurgy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13850/production-of-v-b-reinforced-fe-matrix-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13850.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">799</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2176</span> Novel Ti/Al-Cr-Fe Metal Matrix Composites Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering with Excellent Wear Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruitao%20Li">Ruitao Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhili%20Dong"> Zhili Dong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nay%20Win%20Khun"> Nay Win Khun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khiam%20Aik%20Khor"> Khiam Aik Khor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, microstructure and sintering mechanism as well as wear resistance properties of Ti/Al-Cr-Fe metal matrix composites (MMCs) fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) with Ti as matrix and Al-Cr-Fe as reinforcement were investigated. Phases and microstructure of the sintered samples were analyzed using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Wear resistance properties were tested by ball-on-disk method. An Al3Ti ring forms around each Al-Cr-Fe particle as the bonding layer between Ti and Al-Cr-Fe particles. The Al content in Al-Cr-Fe particles experiences a decrease from 70 at.% to 60 at.% in the sintering process. And these particles consist of quasicrystalline icosahedral AlCrFe and quasicrystal approximants γ-brass Al8(Cr,Fe)5 and Al9(Cr,Fe)4 in the sintered compact. The addition of Al-Cr-Fe particles into the Ti matrix can improve the microhardness by about 40% and the wear resistance is improved by more than 50% due to the increase in the microhardness and the change of wear mechanism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20matrix%20composites" title="metal matrix composites">metal matrix composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma%20sintering" title=" spark plasma sintering"> spark plasma sintering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20transformation" title=" phase transformation"> phase transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear" title=" wear"> wear</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9410/novel-tial-cr-fe-metal-matrix-composites-prepared-by-spark-plasma-sintering-with-excellent-wear-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9410.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2175</span> Mathematical Analysis of Matrix and Filler Formulation in Composite Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olusegun%20A.%20Afolabi">Olusegun A. Afolabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ndivhuwo%20Ndou"> Ndivhuwo Ndou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Composite material is an important area that has gained global visibility in many research fields in recent years. Composite material is the combination of separate materials with different properties to form a single material having different properties from the parent materials. Material composition and combination is an important aspect of composite material. The focus of this study is to provide insight into an easy way of calculating the compositions and formulations of constituent materials that make up any composite material. The compositions of the matrix and filler used for fabricating composite materials are taken into consideration. From the composite fabricated, data can be collected and analyzed based on the test and characterizations such as tensile, flexural, compression, impact, hardness, etc. Also, the densities of the matrix and the filler with regard to their constituent materials are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20material" title="composite material">composite material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density" title=" density"> density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filler" title=" filler"> filler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix" title=" matrix"> matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=percentage%20weight" title=" percentage weight"> percentage weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volume%20fraction" title=" volume fraction"> volume fraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182436/mathematical-analysis-of-matrix-and-filler-formulation-in-composite-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2174</span> The Effect of Volume Fraction of Nano-Alumina Strengthening on AC4B Composite Characteristics through the Stir Casting Method as a Material Brake Shoe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benny%20Alexander">Benny Alexander</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ikhlashia%20N.%20Fadhilah"> Ikhlashia N. Fadhilah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20R.%20Pasha"> Muhammad R. Pasha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michelle%20Julia"> Michelle Julia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne%20Z.%20Syahrial"> Anne Z. Syahrial</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Brake shoe is a component that serves to reduce speed or stop the train's speed by utilizing the friction force. Generally, the material used as a brake shoe is cast iron, where cast iron itself is a heavy, expensive, and easily worn material. Aluminum matrix composites are one of candidates for the cast iron replacement material as the basic material for brake shoe. The matrix in the composite used is Aluminum AC4B. Reinforcement used in aluminum matrix composites is nano-alumina, where the use of nano-alumina of 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, and 0.5% volume fraction will be tested. The sample is made using the stir casting method; then, it will be tested mechanically. The use of nano-alumina as a reinforcement will increase the strength of the matrix. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) testing is used to test the distribution of reinforcing particles due to stirring. Therefore, the addition of nano-alumina will improve AC4B aluminum matrix composites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminium%20matrix%20composites" title="aluminium matrix composites">aluminium matrix composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brake%20shoe%20application" title=" brake shoe application"> brake shoe application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stir%20casting" title=" stir casting"> stir casting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-alumina" title=" nano-alumina"> nano-alumina</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125019/the-effect-of-volume-fraction-of-nano-alumina-strengthening-on-ac4b-composite-characteristics-through-the-stir-casting-method-as-a-material-brake-shoe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125019.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2173</span> Review on Wear Behavior of Magnesium Matrix Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amandeep%20Singh">Amandeep Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niraj%20Bala"> Niraj Bala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the last decades, light-weight materials such as magnesium matrix composites have become hot topic for material research due to their excellent mechanical and physical properties. However, relatively very less work has been done related to the wear behavior of these composites. Magnesium matrix composites have wide applications in automobile and aerospace sector. In this review, attempt has been done to collect the literature related to wear behavior of magnesium matrix composites fabricated through various processing techniques such as stir casting, powder metallurgy, friction stir processing etc. Effect of different reinforcements, reinforcement content, reinforcement size, wear load, sliding speed and time have been studied by different researchers in detail. Wear mechanism under different experimental condition has been reviewed in detail. The wear resistance of magnesium and its alloys can be enhanced with the addition of different reinforcements. Wear resistance can further be enhanced by increasing the percentage of added reinforcements. Increase in applied load during wear test leads to increase in wear rate of magnesium composites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness" title="hardness">hardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium%20matrix%20composites" title=" magnesium matrix composites"> magnesium matrix composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforcement" title=" reinforcement"> reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear" title=" wear"> wear</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52187/review-on-wear-behavior-of-magnesium-matrix-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52187.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2172</span> An ALM Matrix Completion Algorithm for Recovering Weather Monitoring Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuqing%20Chen">Yuqing Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Xu"> Ying Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renfa%20Li"> Renfa Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of matrix completion theory provides new approaches for data gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). The existing matrix completion algorithms for WSN mainly consider how to reduce the sampling number without considering the real-time performance when recovering the data matrix. In order to guarantee the recovery accuracy and reduce the recovery time consumed simultaneously, we propose a new ALM algorithm to recover the weather monitoring data. A lot of experiments have been carried out to investigate the performance of the proposed ALM algorithm by using different parameter settings, different sampling rates and sampling models. In addition, we compare the proposed ALM algorithm with some existing algorithms in the literature. Experimental results show that the ALM algorithm can obtain better overall recovery accuracy with less computing time, which demonstrate that the ALM algorithm is an effective and efficient approach for recovering the real world weather monitoring data in WSN. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20network" title="wireless sensor network">wireless sensor network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix%20completion" title=" matrix completion"> matrix completion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=singular%20value%20thresholding" title=" singular value thresholding"> singular value thresholding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=augmented%20Lagrange%20multiplier" title=" augmented Lagrange multiplier"> augmented Lagrange multiplier</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45997/an-alm-matrix-completion-algorithm-for-recovering-weather-monitoring-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45997.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2171</span> XANES Studies on the Oxidation States of Copper Ion in Silicate Glass </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Buntem">R. Buntem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Samkongngam"> K. Samkongngam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The silicate glass was prepared using rice husk as the source of silica. The base composition of glass sample is composed of SiO2 (from rice husk ash), Na2CO3, K2CO3, ZnO, H3BO3, CaO, Al2O3 or Al, and CuO. Aluminum is used in place of Al2O3 in order to reduce Cu2+ to Cu+. The red color of Cu2O in the glass matrix was observed when the Al was added into the glass mixture. The expansion coefficients of the copper doped glass are in the range of 1.2 x 10-5-1.4x10-5 (ºC -1) which is common for the silicate glass. The finger prints of the bond vibrations were studied using IR spectroscopy. While the oxidation state and the coordination information of the copper ion in the glass matrix were investigated using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. From the data, Cu+ and Cu2+ exist in the glass matrix. The red particles of Cu2O can be formed in the glass matrix when enough aluminum was added. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20in%20glass" title="copper in glass">copper in glass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coordination%20information" title=" coordination information"> coordination information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicate%20glass" title=" silicate glass"> silicate glass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XANES%20spectrum" title=" XANES spectrum"> XANES spectrum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15673/xanes-studies-on-the-oxidation-states-of-copper-ion-in-silicate-glass" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15673.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2170</span> Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Hybrid Hydrogel-Biochar Matrix: An Understanding of Process Parameters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vibha%20Sinha">Vibha Sinha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumedha%20Chakma"> Sumedha Chakma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Arsenic (As) contamination in drinking water is a serious concern worldwide resulting in severe health maladies. To tackle this problem, several hydrogel based matrix which selectively uptake toxic metals from contaminated water has increasingly been examined as a potential practical method for metal removal. The major concern in hydrogels is low stability of matrix, resulting in poor performance. In this study, the potential of hybrid hydrogel-biochar matrix synthesized from natural plant polymers, specific for As removal was explored. Various compositional and functional group changes of the elements contained in the matrix due to the adsorption of As were identified. Moreover, to resolve the stability issue in hydrogel matrix, optimum and effective mixing of hydrogel with biochar was studied. Mixing varied proportions of matrix components at the time of digestion process was tested. Preliminary results suggest that partial premixing methods may increase the stability and reduce cost. Addition of nanoparticles and specific catalysts with different concentrations of As(III) and As(V) under batch conditions was performed to study their role in performance enhancement of the hydrogel matrix. Further, effect of process parameters, optimal uptake conditions and detailed mechanism derived from experimental studies were suitably conducted. This study provides an efficient, specific and a low-cost As removal method that offers excellent regeneration abilities which can be reused for value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arsenic" title="arsenic">arsenic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalysts" title=" catalysts"> catalysts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20hydrogel-biochar" title=" hybrid hydrogel-biochar"> hybrid hydrogel-biochar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20purification" title=" water purification"> water purification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93425/arsenic-removal-from-drinking-water-by-hybrid-hydrogel-biochar-matrix-an-understanding-of-process-parameters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93425.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2169</span> Convolutional Neural Networks-Optimized Text Recognition with Binary Embeddings for Arabic Expiry Date Recognition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Lotfy">Mohamed Lotfy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghada%20Soliman"> Ghada Soliman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recognizing Arabic dot-matrix digits is a challenging problem due to the unique characteristics of dot-matrix fonts, such as irregular dot spacing and varying dot sizes. This paper presents an approach for recognizing Arabic digits printed in dot matrix format. The proposed model is based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) that take the dot matrix as input and generate embeddings that are rounded to generate binary representations of the digits. The binary embeddings are then used to perform Optical Character Recognition (OCR) on the digit images. To overcome the challenge of the limited availability of dotted Arabic expiration date images, we developed a True Type Font (TTF) for generating synthetic images of Arabic dot-matrix characters. The model was trained on a synthetic dataset of 3287 images and 658 synthetic images for testing, representing realistic expiration dates from 2019 to 2027 in the format of yyyy/mm/dd. Our model achieved an accuracy of 98.94% on the expiry date recognition with Arabic dot matrix format using fewer parameters and less computational resources than traditional CNN-based models. By investigating and presenting our findings comprehensively, we aim to contribute substantially to the field of OCR and pave the way for advancements in Arabic dot-matrix character recognition. Our proposed approach is not limited to Arabic dot matrix digit recognition but can also be extended to text recognition tasks, such as text classification and sentiment analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20vision" title="computer vision">computer vision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern%20recognition" title=" pattern recognition"> pattern recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20character%20recognition" title=" optical character recognition"> optical character recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175474/convolutional-neural-networks-optimized-text-recognition-with-binary-embeddings-for-arabic-expiry-date-recognition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175474.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2168</span> Stabilization of Medical Waste Incineration Fly Ash in Cement Mortar Matrix</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanvir%20Ahmed">Tanvir Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musfira%20Rahman"> Musfira Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rumpa%20Chowdhury"> Rumpa Chowdhury</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We performed laboratory experiments to assess the suitability of using medical waste incineration fly ash in cement as a construction material based on the engineering properties of fly ash-cement matrix and the leaching potential of toxic heavy metals from the stabilized mix. Fly ash-cement samples were prepared with different proportions of fly ash (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight) in the laboratory controlled conditions. The solidified matrix exhibited a compressive strength from 3950 to 4980 psi when fly ash is mixed in varying proportions. The 28-day compressive strength has been found to decrease with the increase in fly ash content, but it meets the minimum requirement of compressive strength for cement-mortar. Soundness test results for cement-mortar mixes having up to 15% fly ash. Final and initial setting times of cement have been found to generally increase with fly ash content. Water requirement (for normal consistency) also increased with the increase in fly ash content in cement. Based on physical properties of the cement-mortar matrix it is recommended that up to 10% (by weight) medical waste incineration fly ash can be incorporated for producing cement-mortar of optimum quality. Leaching behaviours of several targeted heavy metals (As, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb, Hg and Zn) were analyzed using Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) on fly ash and solidified fly ash-cement matrix. It was found that the leached concentrations of As, Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn were reduced by 80.13%, 89.47%, 33.33% and 23.9% respectively for 10% fly ash incorporated cement-mortar matrix compared to that of original fly ash. The leached concentrations of heavy metals were from the matrix were far below the EPA land disposal limits. These results suggest that the solidified fly ash incorporated cement-mortar matrix can effectively confine and immobilize the heavy metals contained in the fly ash. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement-mortar" title="cement-mortar">cement-mortar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly%20ash" title=" fly ash"> fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaching" title=" leaching"> leaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management" title=" waste management"> waste management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87354/stabilization-of-medical-waste-incineration-fly-ash-in-cement-mortar-matrix" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2167</span> Investigation on the Properties of Particulate Reinforced AA2014 Metal Matrix Composite Materials Produced by Vacuum Infiltration Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isil%20Kerti">Isil Kerti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onur%20Okur"> Onur Okur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sibel%20Daglilar"> Sibel Daglilar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Recep%20Calin"> Recep Calin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Particulate reinforced aluminium matrix composites have gained more importance in automotive, aeronautical and defense industries due to their specific properties like as low density, high strength and stiffness, good fatigue strength, dimensional stability at high temperature and acceptable tribological properties. In this study, 2014 Aluminium alloy used as a matrix material and B₄C and SiC were selected as reinforcements components. For production of composites materials, vacuum infiltration method was used. In the experimental studies, the reinforcement volume ratios were defined by mixing as totally 10% B₄C and SiC. Aging treatment (T6) was applied to the specimens. The effect of T6 treatment on hardness was determined by using Brinell hardness test method. The effects of the aging treatment on microstructure and chemical structure were analysed by making XRD, SEM and EDS analysis on the specimens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20matrix%20composite" title="metal matrix composite">metal matrix composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacumm%20infiltration%20method" title=" vacumm infiltration method"> vacumm infiltration method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20metal%20matrix" title=" aluminum metal matrix"> aluminum metal matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20feature" title=" mechanical feature"> mechanical feature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81221/investigation-on-the-properties-of-particulate-reinforced-aa2014-metal-matrix-composite-materials-produced-by-vacuum-infiltration-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2166</span> Some Conjectures and Programs about Computing the Detour Index of Molecular Graphs of Nanotubes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shokofeh%20Ebrtahimi">Shokofeh Ebrtahimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Let G be the chemical graph of a molecule. The matrix D = [dij ] is called the detour matrix of G, if dij is the length of longest path between atoms i and j. The sum of all entries above the main diagonal of D is called the detour index of G.Chemical graph theory is the topology branch of mathematical chemistry which applies graph theory to mathematical modelling of chemical phenomena.[1] The pioneers of the chemical graph theory are Alexandru Balaban, Ante Graovac, Ivan Gutman, Haruo Hosoya, Milan Randić and Nenad TrinajstićLet G be the chemical graph of a molecule. The matrix D = [dij ] is called the detour matrix of G, if dij is the length of longest path between atoms i and j. The sum of all entries above the main diagonal of D is called the detour index of G. In this paper, a new program for computing the detour index of molecular graphs of nanotubes by heptagons is determineded. Some Conjectures about detour index of Molecular graphs of nanotubes is included. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20graph" title="chemical graph">chemical graph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detour%20matrix" title=" detour matrix"> detour matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Detour%20index" title=" Detour index"> Detour index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotube" title=" carbon nanotube"> carbon nanotube</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39724/some-conjectures-and-programs-about-computing-the-detour-index-of-molecular-graphs-of-nanotubes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39724.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2165</span> Theory of the Optimum Signal Approximation Clarifying the Importance in the Recognition of Parallel World and Application to Secure Signal Communication with Feedback</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takuro%20Kida">Takuro Kida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuichi%20Kida"> Yuichi Kida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, it is shown a base of the new trend of algorithm mathematically that treats a historical reason of continuous discrimination in the world as well as its solution by introducing new concepts of parallel world that includes an invisible set of errors as its companion. With respect to a matrix operator-filter bank that the matrix operator-analysis-filter bank H and the matrix operator-sampling-filter bank S are given, firstly, we introduce the detail algorithm to derive the optimum matrix operator-synthesis-filter bank Z that minimizes all the worst-case measures of the matrix operator-error-signals E(ω) = F(ω) − Y(ω) between the matrix operator-input-signals F(ω) and the matrix operator-output-signals Y(ω) of the matrix operator-filter bank at the same time. Further, feedback is introduced to the above approximation theory, and it is indicated that introducing conversations with feedback do not superior automatically to the accumulation of existing knowledge of signal prediction. Secondly, the concept of category in the field of mathematics is applied to the above optimum signal approximation and is indicated that the category-based approximation theory is applied to the set-theoretic consideration of the recognition of humans. Based on this discussion, it is shown naturally why the narrow perception that tends to create isolation shows an apparent advantage in the short term and, often, why such narrow thinking becomes intimate with discriminatory action in a human group. Throughout these considerations, it is presented that, in order to abolish easy and intimate discriminatory behavior, it is important to create a parallel world of conception where we share the set of invisible error signals, including the words and the consciousness of both worlds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix%20filterbank" title="matrix filterbank">matrix filterbank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20signal%20approximation" title=" optimum signal approximation"> optimum signal approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=category%20theory" title=" category theory"> category theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simultaneous%20minimization" title=" simultaneous minimization"> simultaneous minimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150610/theory-of-the-optimum-signal-approximation-clarifying-the-importance-in-the-recognition-of-parallel-world-and-application-to-secure-signal-communication-with-feedback" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150610.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2164</span> A Framework for Strategy Development in Small Companies: A Case Study of a Telecommunication Firm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Goodarzi">Maryam Goodarzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdieh%20Sheikhi"> Mahdieh Sheikhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Goodarzi"> Mehdi Goodarzi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study intends to offer an appropriate strategy development framework for a telecommunication firm (as a case study) which works on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) projects, development of telecommunication networks, and maintenance of local networks, according to its dominant condition. In this approach, first, the objectives were set and the mission was defined. Then, the capability was assessed by SWOT matrix. Using SPACE matrix, the strategy of the company was determined. The strategic direction is set and an appropriate and superior strategy was developed and offered employing QSPM matrix. The theoretical framework or conceptual model of the present study first involves 4 stages of framework development and then from stage 3 (assessing capability) onward, a strategic management model by Fred R. David. In this respect, the tools and methods offered in the framework are appropriate for all kinds of organizations, particularly small firms, and help strategists identify, evaluate, and select strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategy%20formulation" title="strategy formulation">strategy formulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firm%20mission" title=" firm mission"> firm mission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20direction" title=" strategic direction"> strategic direction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20diagram" title=" space diagram"> space diagram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20strategic%20planning%20matrix" title=" quantitative strategic planning matrix"> quantitative strategic planning matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWOT%20matrix" title=" SWOT matrix"> SWOT matrix</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7921/a-framework-for-strategy-development-in-small-companies-a-case-study-of-a-telecommunication-firm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7921.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2163</span> Deployment of Matrix Transpose in Digital Image Encryption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okike%20Benjamin">Okike Benjamin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Garba%20E%20J.%20D."> Garba E J. D.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Encryption is used to conceal information from prying eyes. Presently, information and data encryption are common due to the volume of data and information in transit across the globe on daily basis. Image encryption is yet to receive the attention of the researchers as deserved. In other words, video and multimedia documents are exposed to unauthorized accessors. The authors propose image encryption using matrix transpose. An algorithm that would allow image encryption is developed. In this proposed image encryption technique, the image to be encrypted is split into parts based on the image size. Each part is encrypted separately using matrix transpose. The actual encryption is on the picture elements (pixel) that make up the image. After encrypting each part of the image, the positions of the encrypted images are swapped before transmission of the image can take place. Swapping the positions of the images is carried out to make the encrypted image more robust for any cryptanalyst to decrypt. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20encryption" title="image encryption">image encryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrices" title=" matrices"> matrices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pixel" title=" pixel"> pixel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix%20transpose" title=" matrix transpose "> matrix transpose </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48717/deployment-of-matrix-transpose-in-digital-image-encryption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48717.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2162</span> Infinite Impulse Response Digital Filters Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phuoc%20Si%20Nguyen">Phuoc Si Nguyen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Infinite impulse response (IIR) filters can be designed from an analogue low pass prototype by using frequency transformation in the s-domain and bilinear z-transformation with pre-warping frequency; this method is known as frequency transformation from the s-domain to the z-domain. This paper will introduce a new method to transform an IIR digital filter to another type of IIR digital filter (low pass, high pass, band pass, band stop or narrow band) using a technique based on inverse bilinear z-transformation and inverse matrices. First, a matrix equation is derived from inverse bilinear z-transformation and Pascal’s triangle. This Low Pass Digital to Digital Filter Pascal Matrix Equation is used to transform a low pass digital filter to other digital filter types. From this equation and the inverse matrix, a Digital to Digital Filter Pascal Matrix Equation can be derived that is able to transform any IIR digital filter. This paper will also introduce some specific matrices to replace the inverse matrix, which is difficult to determine due to the larger size of the matrix in the current method. This will make computing and hand calculation easier when transforming from one IIR digital filter to another in the digital domain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilinear%20z-transformation" title="bilinear z-transformation">bilinear z-transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20transformation" title=" frequency transformation"> frequency transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverse%20bilinear%20z-transformation" title=" inverse bilinear z-transformation"> inverse bilinear z-transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IIR%20digital%20filters" title=" IIR digital filters"> IIR digital filters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48777/infinite-impulse-response-digital-filters-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48777.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QFD%20Matrix&page=1" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QFD%20Matrix&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">2</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QFD%20Matrix&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QFD%20Matrix&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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