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<span>Toggle Evolution of mobile TV standard subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Evolution_of_mobile_TV_standard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Requirements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Requirements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Requirements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Requirements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proposals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Proposals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standard_milestones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standard_milestones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Standard milestones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standard_milestones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure_of_mobile_DTV_standard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure_of_mobile_DTV_standard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Structure of mobile DTV standard</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure_of_mobile_DTV_standard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Principle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Principle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology"> <div 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:180px"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background-color:#ccccff; font-size:110%">List of <a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital television</a> broadcast standards</th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-style:double none; text-align:left"> <a href="/wiki/DVB" title="DVB">DVB</a> standards <span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/DVB-T#Countries_and_territories_using_DVB-T_or_DVB-T2" title="DVB-T">countries</a>)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVB-T" title="DVB-T">DVB-T</a> (<a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television" title="Digital terrestrial television">terrestrial</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVB-T2" title="DVB-T2">DVB-T2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB-S" title="DVB-S">DVB-S</a> (<a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">satellite</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVB-S2" title="DVB-S2">DVB-S2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB-S2X" title="DVB-S2X">DVB-S2X</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB-C" title="DVB-C">DVB-C</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVB-C#DVB-C2" title="DVB-C">DVB-C2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB-H" title="DVB-H">DVB-H</a> (handheld) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVB-H#DVB-NGH" title="DVB-H">DVB-NGH</a></li> <li>DVB-T2-Lite</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB-SH" title="DVB-SH">DVB-SH</a> (satellite)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DVB-I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DVB-I (page does not exist)">DVB-I</a> (service discovery)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-style:double none; text-align:left"> <a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards" title="ATSC standards">ATSC</a> standards <span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards#Countries_and_territories_using_ATSC" title="ATSC standards">countries</a>)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Television_Systems_Committee_standards" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Television Systems Committee standards">ATSC</a> (<a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television" title="Digital terrestrial television">terrestrial</a>/cable/satellite) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Television_Systems_Committee_standards#ATSC_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Television Systems Committee standards">ATSC 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_3.0" title="ATSC 3.0">ATSC 3.0</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ATSC-M/H</a> (mobile/handheld)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-style:double none; text-align:left"> <a href="/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB">ISDB</a> standards <span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/ISDB#Countries_and_territories_using_ISDB-T" title="ISDB">countries</a>)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISDB#ISDB-T" title="ISDB">ISDB-T</a> (<a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television" title="Digital terrestrial television">terrestrial</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISDB-T_International" title="ISDB-T International">SBTVD / ISDB-T International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1seg" title="1seg">1seg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">handheld</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISDB-T#ISDB-Tmm" class="mw-redirect" title="ISDB-T">ISDB-Tmm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB#ISDB-Tsb" title="ISDB">ISDB-Tsb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Digital_radio" title="Digital radio">radio</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MobaHo!" title="MobaHo!">MobaHo!</a> (satellite)</li></ul></li> <li>Advanced ISDB-T</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB#ISDB-S" title="ISDB">ISDB-S</a> (<a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">satellite</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISDB#ISDB-S3" title="ISDB">ISDB-S3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB#ISDB-C" title="ISDB">ISDB-C</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable</a>)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-style:double none; text-align:left"> <a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a> standards <span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast#Countries_and_territories_using_DTMB" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">countries</a>)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a> (terrestrial/mobile) <ul><li>DTMB-A</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Multimedia_Mobile_Broadcasting" title="China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting">CMMB</a> (handheld)</li> <li>ABS-S (satellite)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-style:double none; text-align:left"> <a href="/wiki/Digital_multimedia_broadcasting" title="Digital multimedia broadcasting">DMB</a> standard <span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_multimedia_broadcasting#Countries_using_DMB" title="Digital multimedia broadcasting">countries</a>)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Multimedia_Broadcasting#T-DMB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Multimedia Broadcasting">T-DMB</a> (mobile/handheld) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Multimedia_Broadcasting#HD_DMB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Multimedia Broadcasting">HD-DMB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-DMB" title="S-DMB">S-DMB</a> (satellite)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-style:double none; text-align:left"> <a href="/wiki/Video_codec" title="Video codec">Codecs</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li>Video <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">H.266/MPEG-I Part 3 VVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">H.265/MPEG-H HEVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.264/MPEG-4_AVC" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264/MPEG-4 AVC">H.264/MPEG-4 AVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">MPEG-4 Part 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VC-1" title="VC-1">VC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#Third_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS3/AVS3-P2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#Second_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS+/AVS1-P16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS/AVS1-P2</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Audio <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H_3D_Audio" title="MPEG-H 3D Audio">MPEG-H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#Third_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AV3A/AVS3-P3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-Efficiency_Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding">HE-AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_AC-4" title="Dolby AC-4">AC-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital_Plus" title="Dolby Digital Plus">E-AC-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">AC-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Resolution_Adaptation" title="Dynamic Resolution Adaptation">DRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer II">MP2</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-style:double none; text-align:left"> Terrestrial <a href="/wiki/Radio_frequency" title="Radio frequency">Frequency bands</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Very_high_frequency" title="Very high frequency">VHF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_high_frequency" title="Ultra high frequency">UHF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_high_frequency" title="Super high frequency">SHF</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-style:double none; text-align:left"> Satellite <a href="/wiki/Radio_spectrum" title="Radio spectrum">Frequency bands</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S_band" title="S band">S band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_band_(IEEE)" title="C band (IEEE)">C band</a></li> <li><a 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It corresponds to the European <a href="/wiki/DVB-H" title="DVB-H">DVB-H</a> and <a href="/wiki/1seg" title="1seg">1seg</a> extensions of <a href="/wiki/DVB-T" title="DVB-T">DVB-T</a> and <a href="/wiki/ISDB-T" class="mw-redirect" title="ISDB-T">ISDB-T</a> terrestrial digital TV standards respectively. ATSC is optimized for a fixed reception in the typical North American environment and uses <a href="/wiki/8VSB" title="8VSB">8VSB</a> <a href="/wiki/Modulation" title="Modulation">modulation</a>. The ATSC transmission method is not robust enough against <a href="/wiki/Doppler_shift" class="mw-redirect" title="Doppler shift">Doppler shift</a> and <a href="/wiki/Multipath_interference" class="mw-redirect" title="Multipath interference">multipath</a> <a href="/wiki/Radio_interference" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio interference">radio interference</a> in mobile environments, and is designed for highly directional fixed antennas. To overcome these issues, additional channel coding mechanisms are introduced in ATSC-M/H to protect the signal. As of 2021, ATSC-M/H is considered to have been a commercial failure.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution_of_mobile_TV_standard">Evolution of mobile TV standard</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATSC-M/H&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Evolution of mobile TV standard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Requirements">Requirements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATSC-M/H&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Requirements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several requirements of the new standard were fixed right from the beginning: </p> <ul><li>Completely backward compatible with ATSC (A/53)</li> <li>Broadcasters can use their available license without additional restrictions</li> <li>Available legacy ATSC receivers can be used to receive the ATSC (A/53) standard without any modification.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proposals">Proposals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATSC-M/H&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Proposals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ten systems from different companies were proposed, and two remaining systems were presented with transmitter and receiver prototypes: </p> <ul><li>MPH (an acronym for <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mobility" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:mobility">mobile</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pedestrian" title="Pedestrian">pedestrian</a>/<a href="/wiki/Handheld" class="mw-redirect" title="Handheld">handheld</a>, suggesting miles per hour), was developed by <a href="/wiki/LG_Electronics" title="LG Electronics">LG Electronics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harris_Broadcast" class="mw-redirect" title="Harris Broadcast">Harris Broadcast</a>. (<a href="/wiki/Zenith_Electronics" title="Zenith Electronics">Zenith</a>, a subsidiary of LG, developed much of the original ATSC system.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-VSB" title="A-VSB">A-VSB</a> (Advanced-<a href="/wiki/Single-sideband_modulation" title="Single-sideband modulation">VSB</a>) was developed by <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rohde_%26_Schwarz" title="Rohde & Schwarz">Rohde & Schwarz</a>.</li></ul> <p>To find the best solution, the Advanced Television Systems Committee assigned the Open Mobile Video Coalition (OMVC) to test both systems. The test report was presented on May 15, 2008. As a result of this detailed work by the OMVC, a final standard draft was designed by the Advanced Television Systems Committee, specialist group S-4. ATSC-M/H will be a hybrid. Basically the following components of the proposed systems are used: </p> <ul><li>RF-Layer from the MPH standard</li> <li>Deterministic frame structure from <a href="/wiki/A-VSB" title="A-VSB">A-VSB</a></li> <li>Signaling of service designed on the base of the established mobile standards</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Standard_milestones">Standard milestones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATSC-M/H&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Standard milestones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On December 1, 2008, the Advanced Television Systems Committee elevated its specification for Mobile Digital Television to Candidate Standard status. In the following six months, the industry tested the standard. Before it became an official standard, additional improvements were proposed. </p> <ul><li>ATSC members approved the ballot on October 15, 2009, to official standard A/153.</li> <li>ATSC introduced in January 2010 at Consumer Electronics Show, the name and logo for "MDTV" for ATSC A/153.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure_of_mobile_DTV_standard">Structure of mobile DTV standard</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATSC-M/H&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Structure of mobile DTV standard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ATSC Mobile DTV standard <b>ATSC-M/H</b> (A/153) is modular in concept, with the specifications for each of the modules contained separate Parts. The individual Parts of A/153 are as follows: </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120403205237/http://www.atsc.org/cms/standards/a153/a_153-Part-1-2011.pdf"><i>Part 1 “ATSC Mobile DTV System”</i></a> describes the overall ATSC Mobile DTV system and explains the organization of the standard. It also describes the explicit signaling requirements that are implemented by data structures throughout the other Parts.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121004122739/http://www.atsc.org/cms/standards/a153/a_153-Part-2-2011.pdf"><i>Part 2 “RF/Transmission System Characteristics”</i></a> describes how the data is processed and placed into the VSB frame. Major elements include the <a href="/wiki/Reed_Solomon" class="mw-redirect" title="Reed Solomon">Reed Solomon</a> (RS) Frame, a Transmission Parameter Channel (TPC), and a Fast Information Channel (FIC).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927112756/http://www.atsc.org/cms/standards/a153/a_153-Part-3-2009.pdf"><i>Part 3 “Service Multiplex and Transport Subsystem Characteristics”</i></a> covers the service multiplex and transport subsystem, which comprises several layers in the stack. Major elements include <a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol" title="Internet Protocol">Internet Protocol</a> (<a href="/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4">IPv4</a>), UniDirectional Protocol (UDP), Signaling Channel Service, FLUTE over <a href="/wiki/Asynchronous_Layered_Coding" title="Asynchronous Layered Coding">Asynchronous Layered Coding</a> (ALC) / Layered Coding Transport (LCT), <a href="/wiki/Network_Time_Protocol" title="Network Time Protocol">Network Time Protocol</a> (NTP) time service, and <a href="/wiki/Real-time_Transport_Protocol" title="Real-time Transport Protocol">Real-time Transport Protocol</a> (RTP) / <a href="/wiki/RTP_Control_Protocol" title="RTP Control Protocol">RTP Control Protocol</a> (RTCP).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100401025628/http://www.atsc.org/cms/standards/a153/a_153-Part-4-2009.pdf"><i>Part 4 “Announcement”</i></a>: Part 4 covers Announcement, where services can optionally be announced using a Service Guide. The guide specified in Part 4 is based on an Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) broadcast (BCAST) <a href="/wiki/OMA_BCAST" class="mw-redirect" title="OMA BCAST">OMA BCAST</a>-<a href="/wiki/Electronic_program_guide" title="Electronic program guide">Electronic program guide</a>, with constraints and extensions.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100918202906/http://atsc.org/cms/standards/a153/a_153-Part-5-2009.pdf"><i>Part 5 “Application Framework”</i></a> defines the <a href="/wiki/Application_framework" title="Application framework">Application framework</a>, which enables the broadcaster of the audio-visual service to author and insert supplemental content to define and control various additional elements of the Rich Media Environment (RME).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120423085725/http://www.atsc.org/cms/standards/a153/a_153-Part-6-2011.pdf"><i>Part 6 “Service Protection”</i></a> covers Service Protection, which refers to the protection of content, either files or streams, during delivery to a receiver. Major elements include the Right Issue Object and Short-Term Key Message (STKM).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100918201747/http://atsc.org/cms/standards/a153/a_153-Part-7-2009.pdf"><i>Part 7 “AVC and SVC Video System Characteristics”</i></a> defines the <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">Advanced Video Coding</a> (AVC) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scalable_Video_Coding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scalable Video Coding (page does not exist)">Scalable Video Coding</a> (SVC) Video System in the ATSC Mobile DTV system. Additional elements covered in this Part included <a href="/wiki/Closed_captioning" title="Closed captioning">closed captioning</a> (CEA 708) and <a href="/wiki/Active_Format_Description" title="Active Format Description">Active Format Description</a> (AFD).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100918194952/http://atsc.org/cms/standards/a153/a_153-Part-8-2009.pdf"><i>Part 8 “AHE AAC Audio System Characteristics”</i></a> defines the <a href="/wiki/High-Efficiency_Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding">High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding</a> (<a href="/wiki/HE-AAC_v2" class="mw-redirect" title="HE-AAC v2">HE-AAC v2</a>) Audio System in the ATSC Mobile DTV system.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120423085752/http://www.atsc.org/cms/standards/a153/a_153-Part-9-2011.pdf"><i>Part 9 “Scalable Full Channel Mobile Mode”</i></a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principle">Principle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATSC-M/H&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Principle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>ATSC-M/H</b> is a service for mobile TV receivers and partly uses the 19.39 Mbit/s <a href="/wiki/ATSC" class="mw-redirect" title="ATSC">ATSC</a> <a href="/wiki/8VSB" title="8VSB">8VSB</a> stream. The mobile data is carried in an unreferenced Packet ID, so legacy receivers ignore the mobile data. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ATSC_Headend_Block_Diagram.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/ATSC_Headend_Block_Diagram.png/300px-ATSC_Headend_Block_Diagram.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/ATSC_Headend_Block_Diagram.png/450px-ATSC_Headend_Block_Diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/ATSC_Headend_Block_Diagram.png/600px-ATSC_Headend_Block_Diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="1123" data-file-height="377" /></a><figcaption>Block Diagram Headend</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technology">Technology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATSC-M/H&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ATSC-M/H bandwidth consumes fixed chunks of 917 kbit/s out of the total ATSC Bandwidth. Each such chunk is called an M/H Group. A data pipe called a parade is a collection of one to eight M/H groups. A parade conveys one or two ensembles which are logical pipes of IP datagrams. Those <a href="/wiki/Datagram" title="Datagram">datagrams</a> in turn carry TV services, System Signaling tables, <a href="/wiki/OMA_DRM" class="mw-redirect" title="OMA DRM">OMA DRM</a> key streams and the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Service_Guide" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic Service Guide">Electronic Service Guide</a>. ATSC-M/H has an improved design based on detailed analyses of experiences with other mobile DTV standards. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ATSC-MH_Layer-Model.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/ATSC-MH_Layer-Model.png/300px-ATSC-MH_Layer-Model.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/ATSC-MH_Layer-Model.png/450px-ATSC-MH_Layer-Model.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/ATSC-MH_Layer-Model.png/600px-ATSC-MH_Layer-Model.png 2x" data-file-width="2367" data-file-height="1076" /></a><figcaption>ATSC-M/H Layer Model</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protocol_stack">Protocol stack</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATSC-M/H&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Protocol stack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ATSC-M/H protocol stack is mainly an umbrella protocol that uses OMA ESG, OMA DRM, <a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">MPEG-4</a> in addition to many <a href="/wiki/IETF" class="mw-redirect" title="IETF">IETF</a> RFCs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport_stream_data_structure">Transport stream data structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATSC-M/H&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Transport stream data structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ATSC-M/H standard defines a fixed transport stream structure, based on M/H Frames, which establishes the location of M/H content within the VSB Frames and allows for easier processing by an M/H receiver. This is contrary to the legacy ATSC transport stream, defined in A/53, in which there is no fixed structure to establish the phase of the data relative to VSB Frames. </p><p>One M/H Frame is equivalent in size to 20 VSB Frames and has an offset of 37 transport stream (TS) packets relative to the beginning of the VSB Frame. Each M/H Frame, which has a fixed duration of 968 ms, is divided into five M/H sub-frames and each sub-frame is further subdivided into sixteen M/H Slots. Each slot is the equivalent amount of time needed to transmit 156 TS packets. A slot may either carry all main ATSC data (A/53) or 118 packets of M/H data and 38 packets of main data. The collection of 118 M/H packets transmitted within a slot is called an M/H Group. Each of the 118 M/H packets within an M/H Group are encapsulated inside a special TS packet, known as an MHE packet. </p><p>An M/H Parade is a collection of M/H Groups and can carry one or two M/H Ensembles. These Ensembles are logical pipes for IP datagrams. Those datagrams in turn carry TV services and the signaling of mobile content. The M/H Groups from a single Parade are placed within M/H Slots according to an algorithm defined in A/153 Part 2. The Number of Groups per M/H Sub-Frame (NoG) for an M/H Parade ranges from 1 to 8 and therefore the number of Groups per an M/H Frame for a Parade ranges from 5 to 40 with a step of 5. The data of a Parade are channel coded and distributed by an <a href="/wiki/Interleaver" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleaver">interleaver</a> during an M/H Frame. </p><p>Mobile Data are protected by an additional FEC, as Interleaving and <a href="/wiki/Convolutional_code" title="Convolutional code">Convolutional codes</a>. To improve the reception in the receiver, <a href="/wiki/Syncword" title="Syncword">training sequences</a> are introduced into the ATSC-M/H signal to allow channel estimation on the receiver side. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Time_slicing_(digital_broadcasting)" title="Time slicing (digital broadcasting)">Time slicing</a> is a technique used by ATSC-M/H to provide power savings on receivers. It is based on the time-<a href="/wiki/Multiplexing" title="Multiplexing">multiplexed</a> transmission of different services. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Error_protection">Error protection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATSC-M/H&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Error protection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ATSC-M/H combines multiple error protection mechanisms for added robustness. One is an outer <a href="/wiki/Reed%E2%80%93Solomon_error_correction" title="Reed–Solomon error correction">Reed–Solomon error correction</a> code which corrects defective bytes after decoding the outer convolutional code in the receiver. The correction is improved by an additional CRC checksum since bytes can be marked as defective before they are decoded (erasure decoding). </p><p>The number of RS parity symbols can represent 24, 36 or 48. The symbols and the additional checksum form the outer elements of a data matrix which is allocated by the payload of the M/H Ensemble. The number of lines is fixed and the number of columns is variable according to how many slots per Subframe are occupied. </p><p>The RS Frame is then partitioned into several segments of different sizes and assigned to specified regions. The M/H data in these regions are protected by an SCCC (Series Concatenated Convolutional Code), incorporating a code rate of 1/2 or 1/4, and is specific to each region in a group. A 1/4 rate PCCC (Parallel Concatenated Convolutional Code) is also employed as an inner code for the M/H signaling channel, which includes FIC (Fast Information Channel) and TPC (Transmission Parameter Channel). The TPC carries various FEC modes and M/H Frame information. Once the TPC is extracted, the receiver then knows the code rates being employed and can decode each region at its specified rate. </p><p>A modified trellis encoder is also employed for backwards compatibility with legacy A/53 receivers. </p><p>The time interleaving of ATSC-M/H is 1 second. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Signaling">Signaling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATSC-M/H&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Signaling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ATSC M/H Signaling and Announcement defines three different layers of signalling. The layers are organized hierarchically and optimized to characteristics of the transmission layer. </p> <ul><li>Transmission Signaling System is the lowest layer and uses the Transmission Parameter Channel (TPC). It provides information for the receiver needed to decode the signal</li> <li>Transport Signaling System is the second layer, which uses the Fast Information Channel (FIC) in combination with the Service Signaling Channel (SSC). The main purpose of the FIC is to deliver essential information to allow rapid service acquisition by the receiver. The Service Signaling Channel (SSC), consists of several different signaling tables. The information carried within these tables can be compared to the <a href="/wiki/PSIP" class="mw-redirect" title="PSIP">PSIP</a> information of ATSC. The SSC provides mainly the basic information, the logical structure of the transmitted services and the decoding parameters for video and audio.</li> <li>Announcement / <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Service_Guide" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic Service Guide">Electronic Service Guide</a> (ESG) is the highest layer of signaling. It uses the <a href="/wiki/Open_Mobile_Alliance" title="Open Mobile Alliance">Open Mobile Alliance</a> (OMA) Broadcast Service Enabler Suite (<a href="/wiki/OMA_BCAST" class="mw-redirect" title="OMA BCAST">OMA BCAST</a>) Electronic Service Guide (ESG). An ESG is delivered as a file data session File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport (FLUTE), and is used as the delivery protocol. The ESG consists of several <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> sections. With this structure, a program guide and enabled interactive services can be realized.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Signaling_of_video-_and_audio_coding">Signaling of video- and audio coding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATSC-M/H&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Signaling of video- and audio coding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each video- or audio decoder needs information about the used coding parameters, for instance resolution, frame rate and IDR (Random Access Point) repetition rate. In MPEG-4/AVC, mobile TV systems the receiver uses information from the <a href="/wiki/Session_Description_Protocol" title="Session Description Protocol">Session Description Protocol</a> File (SDP-File). The SDP-file is a format which describes streaming media initialization parameters. In ATSC-M/H, the SDP-File is transmitted within the SMT-Table. Most of the information is coded in binary, but some is coded in the original ASCII text format. The SMT-Table combines information that is typically in different tables and reduces the complexity for the network and the receivers. In case of signaling with ESG, the complete SDP-File is transmitted. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Single-frequency_network_(SFN)"><span id="Single-frequency_network_.28SFN.29"></span>Single-frequency network (SFN)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATSC-M/H&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Single-frequency network (SFN)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In an SFN, two or more <a href="/wiki/Transmitters" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmitters">transmitters</a> with an overlapping coverage send the same program content simultaneously on the same <a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">frequency</a>. The <a href="/wiki/8VSB" title="8VSB">8VSB</a> <a href="/wiki/Modulation" title="Modulation">modulation</a> used by ATSC allows SFN transmissions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Without extensive equalization? (June 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> To allow regular channel approximation, ATSC-M/H provides additional training sequences. ATSC A/110 defines a method to synchronize the ATSC modulator as part of the transmitter. The A/110 standard sets up the Trellis coder in a pre-calculated way to all transmitters of the SFN. In such an SFN, the ATSC-M/H multiplexer and the ATSC-M/H transmitter are synchronized by a <a href="/wiki/GPS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a> reference. The ATSC-M/H multiplexer operates as a network adapter and inserts time stamps in the <a href="/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream" title="MPEG transport stream">MPEG transport stream</a>. The transmitter analyzes the time stamp, delays the transport stream before it is modulated and transmitted. Eventually, all SFN transmitters generate a synchronized signal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_mobile_standards">Other mobile standards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATSC-M/H&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Other mobile standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until its shutdown, <a href="/wiki/MediaFLO" title="MediaFLO">MediaFLO</a> had been available in parts of the United States. It was a premium service that required subscription. ATSC-M/H would be <a href="/wiki/Free_to_air" class="mw-redirect" title="Free to air">free to air</a>, as are regular broadcast signals. Both Standards were designed without sufficient consideration of the continued growth of the internet and mobile platforms which today provide excellent multimedia capabilities using only web-centric codecs and protocols rather than repurposing of existing Standards suited to legacy broadcasting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATSC-M/H&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120403205237/http://www.atsc.org/cms/standards/a153/a_153-Part-1-2011.pdf">"A/153: ATSC Mobile DTV Standard, Parts 1 - 9"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atsc.org/cms/standards/a153/a_153-Part-1-2011.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on April 3, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A%2F153%3A+ATSC+Mobile+DTV+Standard%2C+Parts+1+-+9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atsc.org%2Fcms%2Fstandards%2Fa153%2Fa_153-Part-1-2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATSC-M%2FH" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJessell2013" class="citation web cs1">Jessell, Harry A. (October 25, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tvnewscheck.com/uncategorized/article/mobile-dtv-is-dead-long-live-atsc-3-0/">"Mobile DTV Is Dead, Long Live ATSC 3.0"</a>. <i>TV News Check</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TV+News+Check&rft.atitle=Mobile+DTV+Is+Dead%2C+Long+Live+ATSC+3.0&rft.date=2013-10-25&rft.aulast=Jessell&rft.aufirst=Harry+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftvnewscheck.com%2Funcategorized%2Farticle%2Fmobile-dtv-is-dead-long-live-atsc-3-0%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATSC-M%2FH" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATSC-M/H&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Digital_television_in_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_American_DTV" title="Template:North American DTV"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_American_DTV" title="Template talk:North American DTV"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_American_DTV" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North American DTV"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Digital_television_in_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">Digital television</a> in North America</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television" title="Digital terrestrial television">Terrestrial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Digital_broadcasting" title="Digital broadcasting">Digital broadcasting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_tuner" title="ATSC tuner">ATSC tuners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_subchannel" title="Digital subchannel">Digital subchannels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_channel" title="Virtual channel">Virtual channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_transmission_system" title="Distributed transmission system">Distributed transmission system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datacasting" title="Datacasting">Datacasting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guide_Plus" title="Guide Plus">Guide Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Datacast" title="National Datacast">National Datacast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UpdateLogic" class="mw-redirect" title="UpdateLogic">UpdateLogic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Television_Alliance" title="Metropolitan Television Alliance">Metropolitan Television Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Alliance_(HDTV)" title="Grand Alliance (HDTV)">Grand Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_transition" title="Digital television transition">Digital switchover</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Channel_Receiver_Act" title="All-Channel Receiver Act">All-Channel Receiver Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-term_Analog_Flash_and_Emergency_Readiness_Act" title="Short-term Analog Flash and Emergency Readiness Act">SAFER Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_channel_election" title="Digital channel election">Digital channel election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set-top_box" title="Set-top box">Set-top boxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_adapter" title="Digital television adapter">Digital television adapter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupon-eligible_converter_box" title="Coupon-eligible converter box">U.S. Converter Box Coupon Program</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Transition_and_Public_Safety_Act_of_2005" title="Digital Transition and Public Safety Act of 2005">legislation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analog_passthrough" title="Analog passthrough">Analog passthrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_recorder" title="DVD recorder">DVD recorders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_video_recorder" title="Digital video recorder">Digital video recorders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Digital standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards" title="ATSC standards">ATSC standards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Television_Systems_Committee" title="Advanced Television Systems Committee">ATSC</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ATSC-M/H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8VSB" title="8VSB">8VSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-VSB" title="A-VSB">A-VSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-VSB" title="E-VSB">E-VSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Program_and_System_Information_Protocol" title="Program and System Information Protocol">PSIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programming_Metadata_Communication_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Programming Metadata Communication Protocol">PMCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ATSC_standards" title="List of ATSC standards">full list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard-definition_television" title="Standard-definition television">Standard-definition TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/480i" title="480i">480i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/576i" title="576i">576i</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced-definition_television" title="Enhanced-definition television">Enhanced-definition TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/480p" title="480p">480p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/576p" title="576p">576p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">High-definition TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/720p" title="720p">720p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080i" title="1080i">1080i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080p" title="1080p">1080p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">Ultra high-definition TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2160p" class="mw-redirect" title="2160p">2160p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_digital_interface" title="Serial digital interface">Serial digital interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_antenna" title="Smart antenna">Smart antennas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CEA-909" title="CEA-909">CEA-909</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Digital networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_multicast_television_network" title="Digital multicast television network">Digital multicast television network</a></li> <li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:American_broadcast_television" title="Template:American broadcast television">Template:American broadcast television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_television_networks" title="Template:Canadian television networks">Template:Canadian television networks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">National deployment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_digital_television_deployments_by_country" title="List of digital television deployments by country">List by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_in_Canada" title="Digital television in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Mexico" title="Television in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_in_the_United_States" title="Digital television in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television_in_the_United_States" title="High-definition television in the United States">HDTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_transition_in_the_United_States" title="Digital television transition in the United States">transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_wireless_spectrum_auction" title="2008 United States wireless spectrum auction">wireless spectrum auction</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">Cable</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Digital_cable" title="Digital cable">Digital cable</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cable-ready#Digital_cable" title="Cable-ready">Digital-cable-ready TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QAM_(television)" title="QAM (television)">QAM tuners</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable-ready#Digital_cable" title="Cable-ready">Interactive-digital-cable-ready TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OpenCable_Application_Platform" title="OpenCable Application Platform">OpenCable Application Platform</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_encryption#Digital_cable_and_satellite_television_encryption" title="Television encryption">Encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Must-carry#Digital_must-carry" title="Must-carry">Must-carry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Pay_television" title="Pay television">Subscription TV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AllVid" title="AllVid">AllVid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CableCARD" title="CableCARD">CableCARD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downloadable_Conditional_Access_System" title="Downloadable Conditional Access System">Downloadable Conditional Access System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tru2way" title="Tru2way">Tru2way</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">Satellite TV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVB-S" title="DVB-S">DVB-S</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dish_Network" title="Dish Network">Dish Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GlobeCast_World_TV" title="GlobeCast World TV">GlobeCast World TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-to-air" title="Free-to-air">Free-to-air</a> <a href="/wiki/FTA_receiver" title="FTA receiver">receiver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Satellite_TV" title="Bell Satellite TV">Bell Satellite TV</a>/<a href="/wiki/Telus_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Telus TV">Telus Satellite TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dish_M%C3%A9xico" title="Dish México">Dish México</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DigiCipher_2" title="DigiCipher 2">DigiCipher 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4DTV" title="4DTV">4DTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaw_Direct" title="Shaw Direct">Shaw Direct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claro_Puerto_Rico" title="Claro Puerto Rico">Claro Puerto Rico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Satellite_Service" title="Digital Satellite Service">Digital Satellite Service</a>/<a href="/wiki/DVB-S2" title="DVB-S2">DVB-S2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DirecTV" title="DirecTV">DirecTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrio_Corp." title="Vrio Corp.">Vrio</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sky_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky Brazil">Sky Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky Mexico">Sky Mexico</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol_television" title="Internet Protocol television">IPTV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U-verse_TV" title="U-verse TV">U-verse TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Fibe_TV" title="Bell Fibe TV">Bell Fibe TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibe_(Bell_Aliant)" title="Fibe (Bell Aliant)">FibreOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telus_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Telus TV">Telus Optik TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14:9_aspect_ratio" title="14:9 aspect ratio">14:9 aspect ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_Format_Description" title="Active Format Description">Active Format Description</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_flag" title="Broadcast flag">Broadcast flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television#Protection_parameters_for_terrestrial_DTV_broadcasting" title="Digital television">Channel protection ratios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_motion_blur" title="Display motion blur">HDTV blur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchical_modulation" title="Hierarchical modulation">Hierarchical modulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_decryption" title="Pirate decryption">Pirate decryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_standards_conversion" title="Television standards conversion">Standards 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