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<span>Work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Selected publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jan Tinbergen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%86" title="يان تينبرخن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يان تينبرخن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yan_Tinberqen" title="Yan Tinberqen – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yan Tinberqen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%86" title="یان تینبرقن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یان تینبرقن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="ইয়ান টিনবের্গেন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইয়ান টিনবের্গেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ян Тынберген – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ян Тынберген" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ян Тынбэрген – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ян Тынбэрген" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ян Тинберген – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ян Тинберген" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD_%CE%A4%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BD" title="Γιαν Τίνμπεργκεν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γιαν Τίνμπεργκεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%86" title="یان تینبرگن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یان تینبرگن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%80_%ED%8B%B4%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%97%8C" title="얀 틴베르헌 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="얀 틴베르헌" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B9%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Յան Թինբերգեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յան Թինբերգեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%9F" title="יאן טינברגן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יאן טינברגן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="იან ტინბერგენი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იან ტინბერგენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ян Тинберген – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ян Тинберген" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%AF%D0%BD" title="Тинберген Ян – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тинберген Ян" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Tinbergen" title="Ioannes Tinbergen – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Јан Тинберген – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јан Тинберген" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB" title="യാൻ ടിൻബർജെൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യാൻ ടിൻബർജെൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="იან ტინბერგენი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იან ტინბერგენი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%86" title="يان تينبرجن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يان تينبرجن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B2%E3%83%B3" title="ヤン・ティンバーゲン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヤン・ティンバーゲン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A8" title="ਜੈਨ ਟਿੰਬਰਗਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੈਨ ਟਿੰਬਰਗਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%86" title="جان تنبرجن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جان تنبرجن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%AF%D0%BD" title="Тинберген, Ян – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тинберген, Ян" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Јан Тинберген – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јан Тинберген" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jan Tinbergen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D2%91%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ян Тінберґен – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ян Тінберґен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a 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</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dutch economist (1903–1994)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jan Tinbergen</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_Tinbergen_1982.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Jan_Tinbergen_1982.jpg/230px-Jan_Tinbergen_1982.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Jan_Tinbergen_1982.jpg/345px-Jan_Tinbergen_1982.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Jan_Tinbergen_1982.jpg/460px-Jan_Tinbergen_1982.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2133" data-file-height="2844" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Tinbergen in 1982</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1903-04-12</span>)</span>12 April 1903<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, Netherlands</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">9 June 1994<span style="display:none">(1994-06-09)</span> (aged 91)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">The Hague, Netherlands</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Dutch</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leiden_University" title="Leiden University">Leiden University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">First national <a href="/wiki/Macroeconomic_model" title="Macroeconomic model">macroeconomic model</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Prize" title="Erasmus Prize">Erasmus Prize</a> (1967)<br /><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a> (1969)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Economics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Econometrics" title="Econometrics">econometrics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Erasmus_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Erasmus University">Erasmus University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrenfest" title="Paul Ehrenfest">Paul Ehrenfest</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans">Tjalling Koopmans</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hans_van_den_Doel_(Labour_Party)" title="Hans van den Doel (Labour Party)">Hans van den Doel</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Supachai_Panitchpakdi" title="Supachai Panitchpakdi">Supachai Panitchpakdi</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Mitra" title="Ashok Mitra">Ashok Mitra</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jan Tinbergen</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">TIN</span>-bur-gən</i></a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Dutch:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[jɑn<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈtɪmbɛrɣə(n)]</a></span>; 12 April 1903 – 9 June 1994) was a Dutch <a href="/wiki/Economist" title="Economist">economist</a> who was awarded the first <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a> in 1969, which he shared with <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch">Ragnar Frisch</a> for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of <a href="/wiki/Economic" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic">economic</a> <a href="/wiki/Business_process" title="Business process">processes</a>. He is widely considered to be one of the most influential economists of the 20th century and one of the founding fathers of <a href="/wiki/Econometrics" title="Econometrics">econometrics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Magnus,_Jan_1987_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Magnus,_Jan_1987-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His important contributions to econometrics include the development of the first <a href="/wiki/Large-scale_macroeconometric_model" title="Large-scale macroeconometric model">macroeconometric models</a>, the solution of the identification problem, and the understanding of dynamic models.<sup id="cite_ref-Magnus,_Jan_1987_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Magnus,_Jan_1987-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tinbergen was a founding trustee of <a href="/wiki/Economists_for_Peace_and_Security" title="Economists for Peace and Security">Economists for Peace and Security</a>. In 1945, he founded the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_for_Economic_Policy_Analysis" title="Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis">Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis</a> (CPB) and was the agency's first director. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Tinbergen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tinbergen was the eldest of five children of Dirk Cornelis Tinbergen and Jeannette van Eek. His brother <a href="/wiki/Nikolaas_Tinbergen" title="Nikolaas Tinbergen">Nikolaas "Niko" Tinbergen</a> would also win a Nobel Prize (for <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">physiology</a>, during 1973) for his work in <a href="/wiki/Ethology" title="Ethology">ethology</a>, while his youngest brother <a href="/wiki/Luuk_Tinbergen" title="Luuk Tinbergen">Luuk</a> would become a famous <a href="/wiki/Ornithologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornithologist">ornithologist</a>. Jan and Nikolaas Tinbergen are the only siblings to have both won Nobel Prizes.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1921 and 1925, Tinbergen studied <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leiden" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Leiden">University of Leiden</a> under <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrenfest" title="Paul Ehrenfest">Paul Ehrenfest</a>. During those years at Leiden, he had numerous discussions with Ehrenfest, <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Kamerlingh Onnes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Hendrik Lorentz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Pieter Zeeman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-r1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-r2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After graduating, Tinbergen fulfilled his community service in the administration of a prison in Rotterdam and at the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) in The Hague. He then returned to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leiden" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Leiden">University of Leiden</a> and in 1929 defended his <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a> thesis titled "Minimumproblemen in de natuurkunde en de economie" (Minimisation problems in Physics and Economics).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This topic was suggested by Ehrenfest and allowed Tinbergen to combine his interests in mathematics, physics, economics and politics. At that time, CBS established a new department of business surveys and mathematical statistics, and Tinbergen became its first chairman, working at CBS until 1945. Access to the vast CBS data helped Tinbergen in testing his theoretical models. In parallel, starting from 1931, he was professor of statistics at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Amsterdam" title="University of Amsterdam">University of Amsterdam</a>, and in 1933 he was appointed associate professor of mathematics and statistics at The <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_School_of_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands School of Economics">Netherlands School of Economics</a>, Rotterdam, where he stayed until 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-r1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-r2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1929 to 1945 he worked for the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> statistical office and served as consultant at the <a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Financial_Organization_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Economic and Financial Organization of the League of Nations">Economic and Financial Organization</a> of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> (1936–1938). In 1945 he became the first director of the <a href="/wiki/CPB_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="CPB (Netherlands)">Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis</a> and left this position in 1955 to focus on education. He spent one year as a visiting professor at the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> and then returned to the Dutch Economic Institute (the successor of the Netherlands School of Economics). In parallel, he provided consulting services to international organizations and governments of various developing countries, such as United Arab Republic, Turkey, Venezuela, Surinam, Indonesia and Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-r1_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-r2_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tinbergen became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences">Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> in 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also a member of the International Academy of Science, Munich. In 1956 he founded the <a href="/wiki/Econometric_Institute" title="Econometric Institute">Econometric Institute</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Universiteit_Rotterdam" class="mw-redirect" title="Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam">Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam</a> together with <a href="/wiki/Henri_Theil" title="Henri Theil">Henri Theil</a>, who also was his successor in <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>. In 1960, he was elected as a <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_American_Statistical_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the American Statistical Association">Fellow of the American Statistical Association</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Tinbergen_Institute" title="Tinbergen Institute">Tinbergen Institute</a> was named in his honour. The <a href="/wiki/International_Institute_of_Social_Studies" title="International Institute of Social Studies">International Institute of Social Studies</a> (ISS) awarded its Honorary Fellowship to Jan Tinbergen in 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-r1_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-r2_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1968, he received an honorary doctorate from <a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Williams_University" title="Sir George Williams University">Sir George Williams University</a>, which later became <a href="/wiki/Concordia_University" title="Concordia University">Concordia University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was elected to the United States <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Tinbergen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_Tinbergen_1975.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Jan_Tinbergen_1975.jpg/360px-Jan_Tinbergen_1975.jpg" decoding="async" width="360" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Jan_Tinbergen_1975.jpg/540px-Jan_Tinbergen_1975.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Jan_Tinbergen_1975.jpg/720px-Jan_Tinbergen_1975.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3684" data-file-height="2436" /></a><figcaption>Minister <a href="/wiki/Jan_Pronk" title="Jan Pronk">Pronk</a>, Tinbergen and De Seynes at an economy symposium in The Hague, 23 May 1975</figcaption></figure> <p>For many, Jan Tinbergen became known for the so-called 'Tinbergen Norm' often discussed long after his death. There is no written work of Tinbergen in which he himself states it formally.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is generally believed to be the principle that, if the ratio between the greatest and least income exceeds 5, it becomes disadvantageous for the societal unit involved. Tinbergen himself discussed some technicalities of a five-to-one income distribution ratio in an article published in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apart from specifics about a five-to-one ratio, it is true in general that Tinbergen's grand theme was <a href="/wiki/Income_distribution" title="Income distribution">income distribution</a> and the search for an optimal social order. </p><p>Tinbergen developed the first national comprehensive <a href="/wiki/Macroeconomic_model" title="Macroeconomic model">macroeconomic model</a>, which he first developed in 1936 for the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, and later applied to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his work on macroeconomic modelling and economic policy making, Tinbergen classified some economic quantities as <i>targets</i> and others as <i><a href="/wiki/Macroeconomic_policy_instruments" title="Macroeconomic policy instruments">instruments</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Targets are those macroeconomic variables the policy maker wishes to influence, whereas instruments are the variables that the policy maker can control directly. Tinbergen emphasized that achieving the desired values of a certain number of targets requires the policy maker to control an equal number of instruments. This is known as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tinbergen_Rule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tinbergen Rule (page does not exist)">Tinbergen Rule</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tinbergen's classification remains influential today, underlying the theory of monetary policy used by <a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">central banks</a>. Many central banks today regard the <a href="/wiki/Inflation_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflation rate">inflation rate</a> as their target; the policy instrument they use to control inflation is the short-term <a href="/wiki/Interest_rate" title="Interest rate">interest rate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tinbergen's work on macroeconomic models was later continued by <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Klein" title="Lawrence Klein">Lawrence Klein</a>, contributing to another <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize in Economics">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a>. For his cultural contributions, he was given the <a href="/wiki/Gouden_Ganzenveer" title="Gouden Ganzenveer">Gouden Ganzenveer</a> in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tinbergen's econometric modelling lead to a lively debate with several known participants including <a href="/wiki/J.M._Keynes" class="mw-redirect" title="J.M. Keynes">J.M. Keynes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch">Ragnar Frisch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a>. The debate is sometime referred to as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tinbergen_debate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tinbergen debate (page does not exist)">Tinbergen debate</a>. (see <a href="/wiki/Keynes%E2%80%93Tinbergen_debate" title="Keynes–Tinbergen debate">Keynes–Tinbergen debate</a>.)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_publications">Selected publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Tinbergen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Selected publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>World security and equity</i>. Aldershot, 1990. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85278-187-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-85278-187-4">1-85278-187-4</a>.</li> <li><i>Production, income and welfare: the search for an optimal social order</i>. Brighton, 1985 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7450-0014-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7450-0014-2">0-7450-0014-2</a>.</li> <li><i>Economic policy: Principles and Design</i>. Amsterdam, 1978. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7204-3129-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7204-3129-8">0-7204-3129-8</a>.</li> <li><i>Der Dialog Nord-Süd: Informationen zur Entwicklungspolitik</i>. Frankfurt am Main: Europ. Verlagsanstalt, 1977.</li> <li><i>Income distribution: analysis and policies</i>. New York, 1975. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-444-10832-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-444-10832-7">0-444-10832-7</a>.</li> <li><i>The Dynamics of Business Cycles: A Study in Economic Fluctuations</i>. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1974. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-80418-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-80418-6">0-226-80418-6</a>.</li> <li><i>The Element of Space in Development Planning</i> (together with L.B.M. Mennes and J.G. Waardenburg), Amsterdam, 1969</li> <li><i>Development planning</i>. London, 1967.</li> <li>Central planning. <i>Studies in comparative economics</i>, 4. New Haven, 1964.</li> <li><i>Shaping the world economy, suggestions for an international economic policy</i>. New York, 1962.</li> <li><i>Selected papers</i>. Amsterdam, 1959</li> <li><i>Economic Policy: Principles and Design</i>, Amsterdam, 1956</li> <li><i>Centralization and Decentralization in Economic Policy</i>, Amsterdam, 1954 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-23077-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-23077-3">0-313-23077-3</a>.</li> <li><i>Econometrics</i>. London, 1953.</li> <li><i>On the Theory of Economic Policy</i>. Second edition (1952) is Volume 1 of <i>Contributions to Economic Analysis</i>, Amsterdam: North-Holland.</li> <li><i>Business Cycles in the United Kingdom, 1870–1914</i>, Amsterdam, 1951</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delpher.nl/nl/boeken/view?coll=boeken&identifier=MMKB18B:059402000">International economic co-operation</a></i>. Amsterdam, 1945.</li> <li><i>Business Cycles in the United States, 1919–1932</i>, Geneva, 1939 and New York, 1968.</li> <li>An econometric approach to business cycle problems. In: <i>Impasses économiques; 2; Actualités scientifiques et industrielles</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0365-6861">0365-6861</a>; 525. Paris, 1937.</li></ul> <dl><dt>About Tinbergen</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Acocella" title="Nicola Acocella">Acocella, Nicola</a>, Di Bartolomeo, Giovanni (2006), ‘<i>Tinbergen and Theil meet Nash: controllability in policy games</i>’, in: ‘<i>Economics Letters</i>’, 90(2): 213–218.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Acocella" title="Nicola Acocella">Acocella, Nicola</a>, Di Bartolomeo, Giovanni and Hughes Hallett, A. [2010], ‘<i>Policy games, policy neutrality and Tinbergen controllability under rational expectations</i>’, in: ‘<i>Journal of Macroeconomics</i>’, 32(1): 55–67.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Acocella" title="Nicola Acocella">Acocella, Nicola</a> Di Bartolomeo, Giovanni and Hughes Hallett, A. [2011], ‘<i>Tinbergen controllability and n-player LQ-games</i>’, in: ‘<i>Economics Letters</i>’, 113: 32–4.</li> <li>Murshed, SM. 2021. "<a href="//doi.org/10.1177/0022343320969771" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1177/0022343320969771">Reformulating Jan Tinbergen’s normative vision on welfare and security.</a>" <i>Journal of Peace Research</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Tinbergen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_economists" title="List of economists">List of economists</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Tinbergen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDekker2021" class="citation book cs1">Dekker, Erwin (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BlEzEAAAQBAJ"><i>Jan Tinbergen (1903–1994) and the Rise of Economic Expertise</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-85320-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-85320-0"><bdi>978-1-108-85320-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jan+Tinbergen+%281903%E2%80%931994%29+and+the+Rise+of+Economic+Expertise&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-108-85320-0&rft.aulast=Dekker&rft.aufirst=Erwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBlEzEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJan+Tinbergen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDekker2022" class="citation journal cs1">Dekker, Erwin (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-9895888">"An "Ordo-Thinker" on the Left: Jan Tinbergen on the National and International Economic Order"</a>. <i>History of Political Economy</i>. <b>54</b> (4): 689–718. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F00182702-9895888">10.1215/00182702-9895888</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0018-2702">0018-2702</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248839847">248839847</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+of+Political+Economy&rft.atitle=An+%22Ordo-Thinker%22+on+the+Left%3A+Jan+Tinbergen+on+the+National+and+International+Economic+Order&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=689-718&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A248839847%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0018-2702&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F00182702-9895888&rft.aulast=Dekker&rft.aufirst=Erwin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1215%2F00182702-9895888&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJan+Tinbergen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Magnus,_Jan_1987-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Magnus,_Jan_1987_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Magnus,_Jan_1987_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Magnus, Jan & Mary S. Morgan (1987) <i>The ET Interview: Professor J. Tinbergen</i> in: 'Econometric Theory 3, 1987, 117-142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Willlekens, Frans (2008) <i>International Migration in Europe: Data, Models and Estimates.</i> New Jersey. John Wiley & Sons: 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/facts/">"Nobel Prize Facts"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nobel+Prize+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Ffacts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJan+Tinbergen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-r1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-r1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-r1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-r1_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-r1_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120204044243/http://www.kb.nl/hkc/nobel/jtinbergen/jtinbergen.html">Jan Tinbergen (1903–1994)</a> Koninklijke Bibliotheek (in Dutch)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-r2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-r2_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-r2_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-r2_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-r2_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnorRobertson" class="citation cs2">O'Connor, John J.; <a href="/wiki/Edmund_F._Robertson" title="Edmund F. Robertson">Robertson, Edmund F.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Tinbergen.html">"Jan Tinbergen"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_Archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jan+Tinbergen&rft.btitle=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+Archive&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Edmund+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FTinbergen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJan+Tinbergen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJan_Tinbergen1929" class="citation web cs1">Jan Tinbergen (1929). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ilorentz.org/history/proefschriften/sources/Tinbergen_1929.pdf">"Minimumproblemen in de natuurkunde en de economie"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Minimumproblemen+in+de+natuurkunde+en+de+economie&rft.date=1929&rft.au=Jan+Tinbergen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Filorentz.org%2Fhistory%2Fproefschriften%2Fsources%2FTinbergen_1929.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJan+Tinbergen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1969/tinbergen.html">Curriculum Vitae</a>. nobelprize.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200918210046/https://www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00003349">"Jan Tinbergen (1903 - 1994)"</a>. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00003349">the original</a> on 18 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jan+Tinbergen+%281903+-+1994%29&rft.pub=Royal+Netherlands+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwc.knaw.nl%2Fbiografie%2Fpmknaw%2F%3Fpagetype%3DauthorDetail%26aId%3DPE00003349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJan+Tinbergen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amstat.org/awards/fellowslist.cfm">View/Search Fellows of the ASA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160616161612/http://www.amstat.org/awards/fellowslist.cfm">Archived</a> 2016-06-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed 2016-07-23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/person/jan-tinbergen">"Jan Tinbergen"</a>. <i>American Academy of Arts & Sciences</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Academy+of+Arts+%26+Sciences&rft.atitle=Jan+Tinbergen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fperson%2Fjan-tinbergen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJan+Tinbergen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Jan+Tinbergen&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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International Institute of Social Studies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150922160234/http://www.iss.nl/about_iss/honorary_fellows/jan_tinbergen/">Archived</a> 2015-09-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (ISS)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/bios/Tinbergen.html">"Jan Tinbergen (1903–1994)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Concise_Encyclopedia_of_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics">The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Economics_and_Liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Economics and Liberty">Library of Economics and Liberty</a> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Fund" title="Liberty Fund">Liberty Fund</a>. 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jan+Tinbergen+%281903%E2%80%931994%29&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Encyclopedia+of+Economics&rft.series=Library+of+Economics+and+Liberty&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Liberty+Fund&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.econlib.org%2Flibrary%2FEnc%2Fbios%2FTinbergen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJan+Tinbergen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/017517">Newspaper clippings about Jan Tinbergen</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183181#P4293" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/678">Jan Tinbergen</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183181#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF179;">Awards </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New creation</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_laureates_in_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economics">Laureate of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics</a> </b><br />1969 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch">Ragnar Frisch</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Paul_A._Samuelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul A. Samuelson">Paul A. 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Sveriges_Riksbank_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_laureates_in_Economic_Sciences" title="List of Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economic Sciences">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1969–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch">Ragnar Frisch</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jan Tinbergen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul A. Samuelson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Simon_Kuznets" title="Simon Kuznets">Simon Kuznets</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/John_Hicks" title="John Hicks">John R. Hicks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth J. Arrow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Wassily_Leontief" title="Wassily Leontief">Wassily Leontief</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Myrdal" title="Gunnar Myrdal">Gunnar Myrdal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Friedrich August von Hayek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kantorovich" title="Leonid Kantorovich">Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans">Tjalling C. Koopmans</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Bertil_Ohlin" title="Bertil Ohlin">Bertil Ohlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Meade" title="James Meade">James E. Meade</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Schultz" title="Theodore Schultz">Theodore W. Schultz</a> / <a href="/wiki/W._Arthur_Lewis" title="W. Arthur Lewis">Sir Arthur Lewis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Klein" title="Lawrence Klein">Lawrence R. Klein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/James_Tobin" title="James Tobin">James Tobin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/George_Stigler" title="George Stigler">George J. Stigler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu">Gérard Debreu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stone" title="Richard Stone">Richard Stone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Franco_Modigliani" title="Franco Modigliani">Franco Modigliani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/James_M._Buchanan" title="James M. Buchanan">James M. Buchanan Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert M. Solow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Allais" title="Maurice Allais">Maurice Allais</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Trygve_Haavelmo" title="Trygve Haavelmo">Trygve Haavelmo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz">Harry M. Markowitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Merton_Miller" title="Merton Miller">Merton H. Miller</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_F._Sharpe" title="William F. Sharpe">William F. Sharpe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coase" title="Ronald Coase">Ronald H. Coase</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Gary S. Becker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fogel" title="Robert Fogel">Robert W. Fogel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Douglass_North" title="Douglass North">Douglass C. North</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/John_Harsanyi" title="John Harsanyi">John C. Harsanyi</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Forbes_Nash_Jr." title="John Forbes Nash Jr.">John F. Nash Jr.</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten">Reinhard Selten</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lucas_Jr." title="Robert Lucas Jr.">Robert E. Lucas Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/James_Mirrlees" title="James Mirrlees">James A. Mirrlees</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Vickrey" title="William Vickrey">William Vickrey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Merton" title="Robert C. Merton">Robert C. Merton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Myron_Scholes" title="Myron Scholes">Myron S. Scholes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mundell" title="Robert Mundell">Robert A. Mundell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/James_Heckman" title="James Heckman">James J. Heckman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_McFadden" title="Daniel McFadden">Daniel L. McFadden</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/George_Akerlof" title="George Akerlof">George A. Akerlof</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence">A. Michael Spence</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz" title="Joseph Stiglitz">Joseph E. Stiglitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman">Daniel Kahneman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vernon_L._Smith" title="Vernon L. Smith">Vernon L. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Engle" title="Robert F. Engle">Robert F. Engle III</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clive_Granger" title="Clive Granger">Clive W.J. Granger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Finn_E._Kydland" title="Finn E. Kydland">Finn E. Kydland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Prescott" title="Edward C. Prescott">Edward C. Prescott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Aumann" title="Robert Aumann">Robert J. Aumann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Schelling" title="Thomas Schelling">Thomas C. Schelling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Phelps" title="Edmund Phelps">Edmund S. Phelps</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Hurwicz" title="Leonid Hurwicz">Leonid Hurwicz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eric_Maskin" title="Eric Maskin">Eric S. Maskin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Myerson" title="Roger Myerson">Roger B. Myerson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul Krugman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom" title="Elinor Ostrom">Elinor Ostrom</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_E._Williamson" title="Oliver E. Williamson">Oliver E. Williamson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Diamond" title="Peter Diamond">Peter A. Diamond</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dale_T._Mortensen" title="Dale T. Mortensen">Dale T. Mortensen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Pissarides" title="Christopher A. Pissarides">Christopher A. Pissarides</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Sargent" title="Thomas J. Sargent">Thomas J. Sargent</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Sims" title="Christopher A. Sims">Christopher A. Sims</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Alvin_E._Roth" title="Alvin E. Roth">Alvin E. Roth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Shapley" title="Lloyd Shapley">Lloyd S. Shapley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Fama" title="Eugene Fama">Eugene F. Fama</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lars_Peter_Hansen" title="Lars Peter Hansen">Lars Peter Hansen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Shiller" title="Robert J. Shiller">Robert J. Shiller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Tirole" title="Jean Tirole">Jean Tirole</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Angus_Deaton" title="Angus Deaton">Angus Deaton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hart_(economist)" title="Oliver Hart (economist)">Oliver Hart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Holmstr%C3%B6m" title="Bengt Holmström">Bengt Holmström</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler">Richard H. Thaler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/William_Nordhaus" title="William Nordhaus">William Nordhaus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Romer" title="Paul Romer">Paul Romer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2019 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2019</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Esther Duflo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kremer" title="Michael Kremer">Michael Kremer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2020 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Milgrom" title="Paul Milgrom">Paul Milgrom</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Wilson" title="Robert B. Wilson">Robert B. Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2021 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2021</a>: <a href="/wiki/David_Card" title="David Card">David Card</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Angrist" title="Joshua Angrist">Joshua Angrist</a> / <a href="/wiki/Guido_Imbens" title="Guido Imbens">Guido Imbens</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2022_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2022 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2022</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a> / <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Diamond" title="Douglas Diamond">Douglas Diamond</a> / <a href="/wiki/Philip_H._Dybvig" title="Philip H. Dybvig">Philip H. Dybvig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2023_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2023 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Goldin" title="Claudia Goldin">Claudia Goldin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/Daron_Acemoglu" title="Daron Acemoglu">Daron Acemoglu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Simon_Johnson_(economist)" title="Simon Johnson (economist)">Simon Johnson</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_A._Robinson" title="James A. Robinson">James A. Robinson</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1969_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1969_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1969 Nobel Prize 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href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Odd Hassel</a> (Norway)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/1969_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1969 Nobel Prize in Literature">1969</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a> (Ireland)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a> (<a href="/wiki/1969_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1969 Nobel Peace Prize">1969</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Murray Gell-Mann</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Max Delbrück">Max Delbrück</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hershey" title="Alfred Hershey">Alfred Hershey</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Salvador Luria</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch">Ragnar Frisch</a> (Norway)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jan Tinbergen</a> (Netherlands)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1964_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1964 Nobel Prize winners">1964</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1965_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1965 Nobel Prize winners">1965</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1966_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1966 Nobel Prize winners">1966</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1967_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1967 Nobel Prize winners">1967</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1968_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1968 Nobel Prize winners">1968</a></dd> <dd><b>1969 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1970_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1970 Nobel Prize winners">1970</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1971_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1971 Nobel Prize winners">1971</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1972_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1972 Nobel Prize winners">1972</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1973_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1973 Nobel Prize winners">1973</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1974_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1974 Nobel Prize winners">1974</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Econometric_Society" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Econometric_Society" title="Template:Presidents of the Econometric Society"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_Econometric_Society" title="Template talk:Presidents of the Econometric Society"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_Econometric_Society" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the Econometric Society"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_Econometric_Society" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Econometric_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Econometric Society">Presidents</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Econometric_Society" title="Econometric Society">Econometric Society</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1931–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Fisher" title="Irving Fisher">Irving Fisher</a> (1931–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Divisia" title="François Divisia">François Divisia</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hotelling" title="Harold Hotelling">Harold Hotelling</a> (1936–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lyon_Bowley" title="Arthur Lyon Bowley">Arthur Bowley</a> (1938–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schumpeter" title="Joseph Schumpeter">Joseph Schumpeter</a> (1940–1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Clair_Mitchell" title="Wesley Clair Mitchell">Wesley Mitchell</a> (1942–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">John Maynard Keynes</a> (1944–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Marschak" title="Jacob Marschak">Jacob Marschak</a> (1946)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jan Tinbergen</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Roos" title="Charles F. Roos">Charles Roos</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch">Ragnar Frisch</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans">Tjalling Koopmans</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R._G._D._Allen" title="R. G. D. Allen">R. G. D. Allen</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul Samuelson</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Roy_(economist)" title="René Roy (economist)">René Roy</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassily_Leontief" title="Wassily Leontief">Wassily Leontief</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stone" title="Richard Stone">Richard Stone</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth Arrow</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trygve_Haavelmo" title="Trygve Haavelmo">Trygve Haavelmo</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tobin" title="James Tobin">James Tobin</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Boiteux" title="Marcel Boiteux">Marcel Boiteux</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Klein" title="Lawrence Klein">Lawrence Klein</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Theil" title="Henri Theil">Henri Theil</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Modigliani" title="Franco Modigliani">Franco Modigliani</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Malinvaud" title="Edmond Malinvaud">Edmond Malinvaud</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert Solow</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michio_Morishima" title="Michio Morishima">Michio Morishima</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Wold" title="Herman Wold">Herman Wold</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_S._Houthakker" title="Hendrik S. Houthakker">Hendrik Houthakker</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hahn" title="Frank Hahn">Frank Hahn</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Hurwicz" title="Leonid Hurwicz">Leonid Hurwicz</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dr%C3%A8ze" title="Jacques Drèze">Jacques Drèze</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu">Gérard Debreu</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._M._Gorman" title="W. M. Gorman">W. M. Gorman</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Radner" title="Roy Radner">Roy Radner</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Patinkin" title="Don Patinkin">Don Patinkin</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvi_Griliches" title="Zvi Griliches">Zvi Griliches</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hirofumi_Uzawa" title="Hirofumi Uzawa">Hirofumi Uzawa</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_W._McKenzie" title="Lionel W. McKenzie">Lionel McKenzie</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_Kornai" title="János Kornai">János Kornai</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_M._Fisher" title="Franklin M. Fisher">Franklin M. Fisher</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Sargan" title="Denis Sargan">J. Denis Sargan</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Nerlove" title="Marc Nerlove">Marc Nerlove</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mirrlees" title="James Mirrlees">James A. Mirrlees</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Scarf" title="Herbert Scarf">Herbert Scarf</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya K. Sen</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_McFadden" title="Daniel McFadden">Daniel McFadden</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bruno_(economist)" title="Michael Bruno (economist)">Michael Bruno</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_W._Jorgenson" title="Dale W. Jorgenson">Dale Jorgenson</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Atkinson" title="Tony Atkinson">Anthony B. Atkinson</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_F._Sonnenschein" title="Hugo F. Sonnenschein">Hugo Sonnenschein</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Michel_Grandmont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Michel Grandmont (page does not exist)">Jean-Michel Grandmont</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Michel_Grandmont" class="extiw" title="de:Jean-Michel Grandmont">de</a>]</span> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Diamond" title="Peter Diamond">Peter Diamond</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Laffont" title="Jean-Jacques Laffont">Jean-Jacques Laffont</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreu_Mas-Colell" title="Andreu Mas-Colell">Andreu Mas-Colell</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takashi_Negishi" title="Takashi Negishi">Takashi Negishi</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Sims" title="Christopher A. Sims">Christopher Sims</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Guesnerie" title="Roger Guesnerie">Roger Guesnerie</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lucas_Jr." title="Robert Lucas Jr.">Robert E. Lucas, Jr.</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Tirole" title="Jean Tirole">Jean Tirole</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Wilson" title="Robert B. Wilson">Robert B. Wilson</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elhanan_Helpman" title="Elhanan Helpman">Elhanan Helpman</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avinash_Dixit" title="Avinash Dixit">Avinash Dixit</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guy_Laroque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guy Laroque (page does not exist)">Guy Laroque</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Laroque" class="extiw" title="fr:Guy Laroque">fr</a>]</span> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Maskin" title="Eric Maskin">Eric Maskin</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Rubinstein" title="Ariel Rubinstein">Ariel Rubinstein</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Sargent" title="Thomas J. Sargent">Thomas J. Sargent</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Blundell" title="Richard Blundell">Richard Blundell</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Peter_Hansen" title="Lars Peter Hansen">Lars Peter Hansen</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torsten_Persson" title="Torsten Persson">Torsten Persson</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Myerson" title="Roger Myerson">Roger B. Myerson</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hardman_Moore" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hardman Moore">John H. Moore</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengt_Holmstr%C3%B6m" title="Bengt Holmström">Bengt Holmström</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Charles_Rochet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Charles Rochet (page does not exist)">Jean-Charles Rochet</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5,_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:Роше, Жан-Шарль">ru</a>]</span> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Heckman" title="James Heckman">James J. Heckman</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Arellano" title="Manuel Arellano">Manuel Arellano</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Porter_(economist)" title="Robert Porter (economist)">Robert Porter</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Dekel" title="Eddie Dekel">Eddie Dekel</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Fudenberg" title="Drew Fudenberg">Drew Fudenberg</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Besley" title="Tim Besley">Tim Besley</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Morris_(economist)" title="Stephen Morris (economist)">Stephen Morris</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orazio_Attanasio" title="Orazio Attanasio">Orazio Attanasio</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinelopi_Koujianou_Goldberg" title="Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg">Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Tabellini" title="Guido Tabellini">Guido Tabellini</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Matzkin" title="Rosa Matzkin">Rosa Matzkin</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliana_La_Ferrara" title="Eliana La Ferrara">Eliana La Ferrara</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183181#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118802321">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80036618">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12277799r">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12277799r">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00458807">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35550627">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:tinbergen.jan">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/284446">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografischportaal.nl/en/persoon/08367572">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/992840">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118802321.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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