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<label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">William A. 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;color: #202122; background-color: #DFB0DF;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;display:inline;"><a href="/wiki/His_Excellency" class="mw-redirect" title="His Excellency">His Excellency</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Most_Reverend" title="The Most Reverend">The Most Reverend</a></div><br /><div style="display:inline" class="fn">William Augustine Hickey</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader role"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Providence" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Providence">Bishop of Providence</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Titular_bishop" title="Titular bishop">titular bishop</a> of Claudiopolis</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">See</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Providence" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Providence">Diocese of Providence</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Harkins" title="Matthew Harkins">Matthew Harkins</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Patrick_Keough" title="Francis Patrick Keough">Francis Patrick Keough</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Orders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ordination</th><td class="infobox-data">December 22, 1893<br />by <a href="/wiki/John_Joseph_Williams" title="John Joseph Williams">John Joseph Williams</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consecration</th><td class="infobox-data">April 10, 1919<br />by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Daniel_Beaven" title="Thomas Daniel Beaven">Thomas Daniel Beaven</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1869-05-13</span>)</span>May 13, 1869<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester, Massachusetts</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 4, 1933<span style="display:none">(1933-10-04)</span> (aged 64)<br /><a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence, Rhode Island</a>, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Denomination</th><td class="infobox-data category">Roman Catholic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/College_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="College of the Holy Cross">College of the Holy Cross</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sulpice_Seminary_(Issy-les-Moulineaux)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Sulpice Seminary (Issy-les-Moulineaux)">St. Sulpice Seminary</a><br /><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Seminary_(Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's Seminary (Massachusetts)">St. John's Seminary</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-weight: normal; background-color: plum;"><span style="font-size:80%">Styles of</span><br /><b><span class="fn">William Augustine Hickey</span></b></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitre_plain_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Mitre_plain_2.png/60px-Mitre_plain_2.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Mitre_plain_2.png/90px-Mitre_plain_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Mitre_plain_2.png/120px-Mitre_plain_2.png 2x" data-file-width="745" data-file-height="615" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">Reference style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_Most_Reverend" title="The Most Reverend">The Most Reverend</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spoken style</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Your_Excellency" class="mw-redirect" title="Your Excellency">Your Excellency</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religious style</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monsignor" title="Monsignor">Monsignor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Posthumous style</th><td class="infobox-data">none</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>William Augustine Hickey</b> (May 13, 1869 – October 4, 1933) was an American <a href="/wiki/Prelate" title="Prelate">prelate</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>. He served as bishop of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Providence" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Providence">Diocese of Providence</a> in Rhode Island from 1921 until his death in 1933. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_A._Hickey&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_A._Hickey&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hickey was born on May 13, 1869, in <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester, Massachusetts</a>, to William and Margaret (née Troy) Hickey. His father served in both the <a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union Army</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Union_Navy" title="Union Navy">Union Navy</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. Hickey attended the <a href="/wiki/College_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="College of the Holy Cross">College of the Holy Cross</a> in Worcester, Massachusetts, then went to France to study at <a href="/wiki/Saint-Sulpice_Seminary_(Issy-les-Moulineaux)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Sulpice Seminary (Issy-les-Moulineaux)">St. Sulpice Seminary</a> in <a href="/wiki/Issy-les-Moulineaux" title="Issy-les-Moulineaux">Issy-les-Moulineaux</a>. Upon his return to Massachusetts, Hickey attended <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Seminary_(Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's Seminary (Massachusetts)">St. John's Seminary</a> in Boston.<sup id="cite_ref-dop_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Priesthood">Priesthood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_A._Hickey&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Priesthood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hickey was <a href="/wiki/Holy_Orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Orders">ordained</a> to the priesthood for the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Worcester" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Worcester">Diocese of Worcester</a> by Archbishop <a href="/wiki/John_Joseph_Williams" title="John Joseph Williams">John Williams</a> on December 22, 1893.<sup id="cite_ref-dop_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then held several pastoral roles in <a href="/wiki/Worcester_County,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester County, Massachusetts">Worcester County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dop_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> From 1903 to 1917, Hickey served as a pastor in <a href="/wiki/Gilbertville,_Massachusetts" title="Gilbertville, Massachusetts">Gilbertville, Massachusetts</a>, where he would preach in four different languages (English, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, Polish, and <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>) every Sunday.<sup id="cite_ref-dop_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was then transferred to St. John's Parish in <a href="/wiki/Clinton,_Massachusetts" title="Clinton, Massachusetts">Clinton, Massachusetts</a>, where he built a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_school" title="Catholic school">parochial school</a> and <a href="/wiki/Church_hall" title="Church hall">parish hall</a>. U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/David_I._Walsh" title="David I. Walsh">David I. Walsh</a> made these comments about Hickey:</p><blockquote><p>Father Hickey has...been a soldier camping in the homes of the sick and the poor under the white banner of the Church, fighting for salvation; has battled for Christ in the trenches of humanity. Not a day has passed over his head since our boys first left Clinton that he has not prayed for his people.<sup id="cite_ref-dop_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coadjutor_Bishop_and_Bishop_of_Providence">Coadjutor Bishop and Bishop of Providence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_A._Hickey&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Coadjutor Bishop and Bishop of Providence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On January 16, 1919, Hickey was appointed <a href="/wiki/Coadjutor_Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Coadjutor Bishop">coadjutor bishop</a> of the Diocese of Providence and <a href="/wiki/Titular_Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Titular Bishop">titular bishop</a> of <a href="/wiki/Claudiopolis_(Cilicia)" title="Claudiopolis (Cilicia)">Claudiopolis</a> in Isauria by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XV" title="Pope Benedict XV">Pope Benedict XV</a>. Hickey received his <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Catholic Church)">episcopal consecration</a> on April 10, 1919, from Bishop <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Daniel_Beaven" title="Thomas Daniel Beaven">Thomas Beaven</a>, with Bishops <a href="/wiki/Louis_Sebastian_Walsh" title="Louis Sebastian Walsh">Louis Walsh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Francis_Feehan" title="Daniel Francis Feehan">Daniel Feehan</a> serving as <a href="/wiki/Consecrator" title="Consecrator">co-consecrators</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saints_Peter_and_Paul,_Providence" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul, Providence">Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul</a> in Providence. He was immediately appointed as <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Administrator" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Administrator">apostolic administrator</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">diocese</a> by the incumbent Bishop <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Harkins" title="Matthew Harkins">Matthew Harkins</a>.,<sup id="cite_ref-dop_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hickey automatically became the third Bishop of Providence on Harkin's death on May 25, 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-dop_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Language_controversy">Language controversy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_A._Hickey&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Language controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1923, Hickey started an initiative to upgrade and build new high schools in the diocese. The diocese soon unveiled plans to upgrade <a href="/wiki/Mount_Saint_Charles_Academy" title="Mount Saint Charles Academy">Mount Saint Charles Academy</a>, a secondary school in <a href="/wiki/Woonsocket,_Rhode_Island" title="Woonsocket, Rhode Island">Woonsocket, Rhode Island</a>. The academy had been teaching classes in French to accommodate the later <a href="/wiki/French_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="French Canadian">French Canadian</a> Catholic population in the town. However, it soon became clear that Hickey intended for the classes in the renovated school to be English only. Parishioners became angry that they were being forced to pay for this policy. Elphege Daignault, a Woonsocket lawyer, became a protest leader. In one swipe at Hickey, he labeled Irish-American clergy as “national assassins".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1924, the dissidents founded the newspaper <i>La Sentinelle</i>, to express their opposition. The dissidents were now called Sentinellists.<sup id="cite_ref-quebec_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quebec-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daignault and the Sentinellists first appealed Hickey's plans to Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Fumasoni_Biondi" title="Pietro Fumasoni Biondi">Pietro Fumasoni-Biondi</a>, the apostolic delegate, or Vatican representative, to the United States. When that appeal failed, Daignault sued the diocese in state court in Rhode Island. The <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Supreme_Court" title="Rhode Island Supreme Court">Rhode Island Supreme Court</a> eventually ruled that it had no jurisdiction in church affairs. By this point, the controversy had gained publicity in French Canadian communities in the United States and Canada. The Sentinellists finally sent a delegation to Vatican City to appeal directly to <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pope Pius XI</a>, but he refused to see them.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-time_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1927, Hickey <a href="/wiki/Excommunication" title="Excommunication">excommunicated</a> Daignault and other Sentinellists and placed <i>La Sentinelle</i> on the <i><a href="/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum">Index Librorum Prohibitorum</a></i>., prohibiting Catholics from reading it. Eventually Daignault and the others recanted their opposition to Hickey and he lifted their excommunications.<sup id="cite_ref-time_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hickey died in Providence on October 4, 1933, from a <a href="/wiki/Myocardial_infarction" title="Myocardial infarction">heart attack</a> at age 64.<sup id="cite_ref-dop_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_A._Hickey&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dop-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dop_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dop_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dop_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dop_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dop_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dop_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dop_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dop_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dioceseofprovidence.org/most-rev-william-a-hickey-dd">"Most Rev. William A. Hickey, D.D.", Roman Catholic Diocese of Providence</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/the-sentinelle-affair-keeping-the-french-in-franco-american/">"The Sentinelle Affair: Keeping The French in Franco American"</a>. <i>New England Historical Society</i>. 2021-04-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+England+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=The+Sentinelle+Affair%3A+Keeping+The+French+in+Franco+American&rft.date=2021-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newenglandhistoricalsociety.com%2Fthe-sentinelle-affair-keeping-the-french-in-franco-american%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+A.+Hickey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quebec-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-quebec_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/QuebecHistory/events/sentinel.htm">"Franco-Americans, the Sentinelle Affair and Quebec Nationalism"</a>. <i>Marianopolis College</i>. 2000-08-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marianopolis+College&rft.atitle=Franco-Americans%2C+the+Sentinelle+Affair+and+Quebec+Nationalism&rft.date=2000-08-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.marianopolis.edu%2Fc.belanger%2FQuebecHistory%2Fevents%2Fsentinel.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+A.+Hickey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbulof2015" class="citation book cs1">Abulof, Uriel (2015-07-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ejIZCgAAQBAJ&dq=Bishop+William+Hickey&pg=PA100"><i>The Mortality and Morality of Nations: Jews, Afrikaners, and French-Canadians</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-09707-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-09707-0"><bdi>978-1-107-09707-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mortality+and+Morality+of+Nations%3A+Jews%2C+Afrikaners%2C+and+French-Canadians&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2015-07-24&rft.isbn=978-1-107-09707-0&rft.aulast=Abulof&rft.aufirst=Uriel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DejIZCgAAQBAJ%26dq%3DBishop%2BWilliam%2BHickey%26pg%3DPA100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+A.+Hickey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-time-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-time_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-time_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101027215643/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,880497,00.html">"Penitent Daignault"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">TIME</a></i>. 1929-02-25. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,880497,00.html">the original</a> on October 27, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME&rft.atitle=Penitent+Daignault&rft.date=1929-02-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C880497%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+A.+Hickey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_A._Hickey&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~rigenweb/articles/216.html">History of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/vatican/en.html">Official site of the Holy See</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Episcopal_succession">Episcopal succession</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_A._Hickey&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Episcopal succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church titles</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Harkins" title="Matthew Harkins">Matthew Harkins</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Providence" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Providence">Bishop of Providence</a> </b><br />1921–1933 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Patrick_Keough" title="Francis Patrick Keough">Francis Patrick Keough</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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of Providence"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Providence" title="Template talk:Roman Catholic Diocese of Providence"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Providence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roman Catholic Diocese of Providence"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Providence" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Providence" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Providence"><span style="color:black">Roman Catholic Diocese of Providence</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Bishops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Ordinaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Francis_Hendricken" title="Thomas Francis Hendricken">Thomas Francis Hendricken</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Harkins" title="Matthew Harkins">Matthew Harkins</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William A. Hickey</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francis_Patrick_Keough" title="Francis Patrick Keough">Francis Patrick Keough</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Russell_McVinney" title="Russell McVinney">Russell McVinney</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Louis_Edward_Gelineau" title="Louis Edward Gelineau">Louis Edward Gelineau</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Edward_Mulvee" title="Robert Edward Mulvee">Robert Edward Mulvee</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Joseph_Tobin" title="Thomas Joseph Tobin">Thomas Joseph Tobin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Henning" title="Richard Henning">Richard Henning</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Auxiliaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Francis_Doran" title="Thomas Francis Doran">Thomas Francis Doran</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Denis_Matthew_Lowney" title="Denis Matthew Lowney">Denis Matthew Lowney</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Francis_Maloney" title="Thomas Francis Maloney">Thomas Francis Maloney</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Matthew_Kelly" title="Bernard Matthew Kelly">Bernard Matthew Kelly</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Anthony_Angell" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Anthony Angell">Kenneth Anthony Angell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Joseph_McManus" title="Robert Joseph McManus">Robert Joseph McManus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Evans" title="Robert C. Evans">Robert C. Evans</a></dd></dl> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CoA_Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Providence.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/CoA_Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Providence.svg/100px-CoA_Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Providence.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/CoA_Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Providence.svg/150px-CoA_Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Providence.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/CoA_Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Providence.svg/200px-CoA_Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Providence.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="1245" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>List</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_the_Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Providence" title="List of churches in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Providence">List of churches in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Providence</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Cathedral</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saints_Peter_and_Paul_(Providence,_Rhode_Island)" title="Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul (Providence, Rhode Island)">Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Parish churches</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph_Parish,_Central_Falls" title="St. Joseph Parish, Central Falls">St. Joseph Church, Central Falls</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Matthew%27s_Church_(Central_Falls,_Rhode_Island)" title="St. Matthew's Church (Central Falls, Rhode Island)">St. Matthew's Church, Central Falls</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Czestochowa_Parish,_Coventry" title="Our Lady of Czestochowa Parish, Coventry">Our Lady of Czestochowa Church, Coventry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_Church_(Cranston,_Rhode_Island)" title="Saint Paul Church (Cranston, Rhode Island)">St. Paul Church, Cranston</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Church_and_Cemetery_(Crompton,_Rhode_Island)" title="St. Mary's Church and Cemetery (Crompton, Rhode Island)">St. Mary's Church, Crompton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Church_Complex_(Cumberland,_Rhode_Island)" title="St. Joseph's Church Complex (Cumberland, Rhode Island)">St. Joseph's Church, Cumberland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Church_Complex_(Newport,_Rhode_Island)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mary's Church Complex (Newport, Rhode Island)">St. Mary's Church, Newport</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._John_the_Baptist_Church_(Pawtucket,_Rhode_Island)" title="St. John the Baptist Church (Pawtucket, Rhode Island)">St. John the Baptist Church, Pawtucket</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Church_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_Complex_(Pawtucket,_Rhode_Island)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mary's Church of the Immaculate Conception Complex (Pawtucket, Rhode Island)">St. Mary's Church of the Immaculate Conception, Pawtucket</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_Church_Complex" title="Our Lady of Lourdes Church Complex">Our Lady of Lourdes Church, Providence</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Adalbert%27s_Parish_(Providence,_Rhode_Island)" title="St. Adalbert's Parish (Providence, Rhode Island)">St. Adalbert's Church, Providence</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Roman_Catholic_Church_(Providence,_Rhode_Island)" title="St. Joseph's Roman Catholic Church (Providence, Rhode Island)">St. Joseph's Church, Providence</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Roman_Catholic_Church,_Convent,_Rectory,_and_School" title="St. Michael's Roman Catholic Church, Convent, Rectory, and School">St. Michael's Church, Providence</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Casimir_Parish,_Warren" title="St. Casimir Parish, Warren">St. Casimir Church, Warren</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/L%27Eglise_du_Precieux_Sang_(Woonsocket,_Rhode_Island)" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Eglise du Precieux Sang (Woonsocket, Rhode Island)">Church of the Precious Blood, Woonsocket</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Ann%27s_Church_Complex_(Woonsocket,_Rhode_Island)" title="St. Ann's Church Complex (Woonsocket, Rhode Island)">St. Ann's Church, Woonsocket</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Charles_Borromeo_Church_Complex_(Woonsocket,_Rhode_Island)" title="St. Charles Borromeo Church Complex (Woonsocket, Rhode Island)">St. Charles Borromeo Church, Woonsocket</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Stanislaus_Kostka_Parish,_Woonsocket" title="St. Stanislaus Kostka Parish, Woonsocket">St. Stanislaus Kostka Church, Woonsocket</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Former parish churches</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Church_(Central_Falls,_Rhode_Island)" title="Holy Trinity Church (Central Falls, Rhode Island)">Holy Trinity Church, Central Falls</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Church_(Pawtucket,_Rhode_Island)" title="Trinity Church (Pawtucket, Rhode Island)">Trinity Church, Pawtucket</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Kent_Performance_Hall" title="George Kent Performance Hall">Immaculate Conception Church, Westerly</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Higher education</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Providence_College" title="Providence College">Providence College</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salve_Regina_University" title="Salve Regina University">Salve Regina University</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>High schools</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Hendricken_High_School" title="Bishop Hendricken High School">Bishop Hendricken High School, Warwick</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Keough_Regional_High_School" title="Bishop Keough Regional High School">Bishop Keough Regional High School, Pawtucket</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/La_Salle_Academy_(Rhode_Island)" title="La Salle Academy (Rhode Island)">La Salle Academy, Providence</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mount_Saint_Charles_Academy" title="Mount Saint Charles Academy">Mount Saint Charles Academy, Woonsocket</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Abbey_School" title="Portsmouth Abbey School">Portsmouth Abbey School, Portsmouth</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prout_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Prout School">Prout School, Wakefield</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Mary_Academy_%E2%80%93_Bay_View" title="St. Mary Academy – Bay View">St. Mary Academy – Bay View, East Providence</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Raphael_Academy" title="St. Raphael Academy">St. Raphael Academy, Pawtucket</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Former high school</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Fatima_High_School" title="Our Lady of Fatima High School">Our Lady of Fatima High School, Warren</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Hospitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Fatima_Hospital_(North_Providence)" title="Our Lady of Fatima Hospital (North Providence)">Our Lady of Fatima Hospital, Providence</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Hospital_(Rhode_Island)" title="Saint Joseph's Hospital (Rhode Island)">St. Joseph's Hospital, Providence</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Priests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bertrand_Boland" title="Ernest Bertrand Boland">Ernest Bertrand Boland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Austin_Dowling" title="Austin Dowling">Austin Dowling</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Ronald_Matano" title="Salvatore Ronald Matano">Salvatore Ronald Matano</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Reilly" title="Daniel Patrick Reilly">Daniel Patrick Reilly</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier_Roque" title="Francis Xavier Roque">Francis Xavier Roque</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Stang" title="William Stang">William Stang</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" 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