CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '917c7f806b2a87b1',cH: '24ghrIHS0wYcsez1fy10SRgHwnezH6unGuBztmLOeIY-1740536867-1.2.1.1-NspObo2jCOMRaMHPsCRXUqj1heIpVDdpYVTj5WWR84spwW61VLU.9Pd5in2jlUTj',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=photoelectrochemical%20cell&__cf_chl_tk=rgGF7A57i4oKVEjnFBc2pxXSI0yRWl9t0.XpllprS.Q-1740536867-1.0.1.1-DWHhq7oq2mqIUcfzye4WdrUiy_f3mazdzfPLlIXFOi0",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740536867',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=photoelectrochemical%20cell&__cf_chl_f_tk=rgGF7A57i4oKVEjnFBc2pxXSI0yRWl9t0.XpllprS.Q-1740536867-1.0.1.1-DWHhq7oq2mqIUcfzye4WdrUiy_f3mazdzfPLlIXFOi0",md: "xJit_n99Rh9LVDmM4j.wy1Fh4JEQkJgfgcQLs6rHHhI-1740536867-1.2.1.1-cS6t5GFvZtfiaZ1f0oVCVkR4iT2b6bbBcZ_UB44mNvLtJz4BaM49Y4qvSHshHQlH9cZN2BzUhAhA_ebiwwUvE7jir5zKownbmwspvNe5FE7Fy1gjXRhYBxR6JRTFD1DosvdekgCXwcLWtPeRVb2J6QNcqMXbPumcaeZHeb_Oz7VWRtr6KOyF0NwX9pO7XZ4pq3tJ.nfTwkMMFFjwOZ04tEcWOORzl81kc.SJRelbQblNrStUMa.LVMPkGnMdUTNNHAdyQx0TBPCHGsjOFtg.1okv330IRFaLRx2Zo7FRi_BfR9cVRgDB50N701yeRU6C7eSvB9yWogmoluMlCYKvAx4LAQ18GdY_2ENMfJt_cJWjfwa5Wegnn2iGasQvba3HIyF0IFc3_yZEUmhuBQYo37_1AHAlEusvWYJ7VRIDj51EVulszdDCa67s3Iakh2MW3cu.TlHKFQA31imKqPw4WdZfTICfn2IBAafVVqbKe_5nwGLX9Ez0tiP_5O0xHzEmEpS3ZMqINYhHl.46rIBMidANXd7QwUJ9b58qEqio9Bh9iDpZZOoC5FpYyGClsd3_fu_VPA5DaqyDtucKaVKHdZ4hkoPNIeg3eYj7w7vUkOR.zOfrCJ_Zx4E9hWEyNij96syxB2UwraGqMY6b3z7NfVdVhyXMzE2w7lR_sjb.Cex5XzqwZsh7Rts7jK8fF043eW7XxkFvNkp_4AiwN.OeR60gHt0VrQRiAzEUwcsISF_Fo7zzTN.WHsmS8ShBF1AURUqWcx8AQXXMOYcrLP97G23sMkZ_bbvaIbs_HXeEoGRxWlxQKtvDpgE_mvLXqicxes5yxcjbKXUNiW7jn8KaFVF5_PlyXv7Nq9Qnd6fxY8A1MCiVBeeWB71oMOjiKzR2XseWTB7k9O9Xa5FEW4ya9kSYOTQduWxmMwI9aHEvWN9.whGrKNPfZdPmvfCTPoGMyMpA22yryYTwuC_vnNP3bsuUFsBjGD1k_tToMax2x.WGAlfNihBJJ8f8ymIe8ARFpBTQybm_UskPaIRtOxDYzf6kV1Egh.aPbikHtncd.cx.0jgczFMS.kNmn6ZQ3gPdG3Nb68kORI.wmR_IyNtgSOo1GYWQIOnqtL33BfblX5PCZi6JIDn.VoGyPKqoNA7oagqEBB2lhLtjQSO9h45VuSqYllgm0Dojv4HiuGsLVm5vqJxppycdviFz00DprZhkjj0NQf5TAYJxAkC2y50Otu6IizIIq.XSgzmVbYREMJQpzL4SB7B8bUhwdCEzZdJ_Dm6SgpEuoq1_ZoOKjR2UBnJFNQeSg4eKK6yOCVKE.jwg8FntL4LvaJyeYqAgQ31E3HG67ltEga69b6BYh..Hnv7jtcNcKQMxc7VC2vQNfYwnt.QMgtIEJu6P3fOeGr2Mp_3.GyxdWpwMJuplYYxPD9n4BVMABgX6LWyxGa85pLPhfKDU_u6G3pCnXBPPWaxnQKb1QZsfJHLPyyFprQ9GQF91cqN_p2pKPHnSeoGtXwM9Ish0eZLfrSao.eu1NY8GW3hAsxBtADlyR4lHDoOA84it5oXW.z9ToUxqurs8UPa7AxfI5jbnUwidd8B2vpIxDzZ7Zxv.kUCsO43gR07qjRZn7MlPrr6dipUUP7ojTzzX4BapJHj7JsmOnQAd2Intb5YBra_7XoJNr8FPGJhj6V4.P2j5MLRMdyFruam6eR16KO.TB.9RiCQndrTtgM0QPA6SN_vwTiyshFe1bXwWeSLcYA7g2CyQXcH.zaqTpLvU_SoaXrbmsFCzb77yf7knUiTppsXXPKR3.3fIXgkNZw2GYSiUeRqQAQHhByt4iNhbFiX16UEkqngjNEJbNWxunlW_lzr6luOd2RzuMi0R3tQJsgc.b_hWFQz5C_tx69LntW.2i.oGbZGWVdwglO.vzJB607pg0uRLohYKhEDnTdSr8VKsayI2gvoGZUHwPQnYu3Jzi8GIjjxJUfcBvQC_",mdrd: "AeMveDbPGKzImHv_9hMhXX9thpIQjfXrDMzs0EHKDGg-1740536867-1.2.1.1-V7acB9_8QdsJC_EDufcalaa2w3nBoHrCzqR1QbuE0U2ShGDF8j6UpT4epviKUWREyTi_StvWqxPJhAULO7Ab06.faL56oinEGCxTccisayz9A3XvgDQhzC91z3AWXOZiu_Yvfpnx1sTWIBmOuhUrJDibAiuVDASa0vjK4OIpTsKTfceNzvOKLi0lwUUkPT.HFgbQbgIsuU04J5ZxlPd9d.GWcsNQpJ8l7SfaNqyRvnP9HvH3bMIn0ovTai8xAa8MvXECMXasAsIgkm91w.iPy.w8b8fQYhJmWk0kwGKyHL6bpeTEyZtMk3jMHmcJxUVh2mYVWNFRiNvcK1DqPBk3ij09oJn4scNCrxY1Ll71nN1Gi1852FgCUeFRm2M0qALFBltdjEZRrnrQgS8Y24gmbvZ6k1aWZkYcaleXwcIMuue9DvCTawsHGr_OzhMFMutpVF3Z0FUIZwVjPTfzJhofcGm_clR.SRWWjfXhKwLVr7NsI.fYVjYE3WsjOCTFGOkqdSkMhplJgJxRSiEYMRcl6fdbbIRfgf.b15T38J6wbabIO0dPca1Mfhp_GWBLcZyZ3wNXci4FOBFofVvcWT.tyCC4j_yIGJB6OB7kFX5xpGmqepQkoiUbtW7pXIOtV6IBg8GMBv.HL7eQwEsxlJu_O1wcve91w5_OvU9H2O6QSyHuQBqWk6MCoX5AM5MW1f_BdPRXYw2Gc5wWYx8Ol2IQh83GzA8.A8jlESejB2PTH2IJhzFZkKDFKTI52AA7UEdR8_2gDCyzb.JJxyU9oCrFa8udm_NNr4dM.Cjsl9mKkdJt42evb2wIs5jmE5oFPkPap5agRfEYlVdgOvIIVDlLi0_U2KLpAyyYdHQ38tsKlVl06i2IkaQupn47Qxe6RZ02MWFZwEKYgW8asf8k0AwAzb9bj.lbmdyh32Tr9EY12r8EpcUz4p1WNRV.O8VuKBD.ccNlHVkuTEF8FsznrZeWY65XhOlwq86yS7hKpVtG.41C97m62ZsK9qMOJ6XZ5xQLyL63MOa8.Tvcyglnna1ujxSlcsLt2N8_neMeaCdI8Kr871OGalyfCa_UkhYbcgGnhA.ix.OF32kgz1BUvVhfT8AzBaRWjWBccOlvsdwz30cajQWz8fh7.eNogg.v0MBiq7vQvNi757nC166eHtBaJ4GdZ2RcYpGnuqbCwfQQSOC6PHHsQwcBC_JtwpsDOuNlpve8BHfqoFTU0nebEUoNBGk3xGESmIqZ5_FG9l5RI7N9xAdUBZ6oWwTfTyYf0veqh0PbiYPQFxhR4_b3kNk3bmy85XwWMpr42BI4dJyXLgf2XhBVhYHpK3oTqIFwJHVCx4DRxGnGhdroahjshsjKzhgkhtGVp1v7dds.HwR5E7VEZQcHXydXd7g4ogBoT5cLwKz22XiZBrYneHAIa1vrJY1rNoyGMvD1f2Quibwab36RQDdO5ZccfLT0H7pkyN5XWfg8k5fDGmthMwzFB1SrqWOZDDVM6g7zwTuuNRQDW3xU1pBALfsHG8d5nAlNac2bCUOo6aavBosCi26SoXgt38ZrLWj0RodXvBUlin4tYNx9aqIsxqVKw07y5MnHGQiZ4tyjR4FQb0tGgqNWMB4TFXy4ni3LZMhbxKZkjthSsuyfxx4onkBctjFLTz4.b31rjqicbNzefI8DYdDTzi3BybZfHz6hA0f2Wpo8PPOORciVWoox7HRjZkbuUydPtvh.W6ZWATSGL57xktF4sy6WT9Kf9PDR3kOAZDqvl6ZIwTjDP2l5izuPgKawlfEZaW.fakbFNOLGQ0gdERgLng3kbsiiTh3F2J20Ofiy0y5aA3vUlr05SfzyQ15F9uY02jkM906C6VwYB_eiGFveIwOttYqDZsOTw_rMdBMEycCndMD8Z7yRPdGpnaJzwqGzWBpIRthpaXX_WH8IlLSYXzwycc6g5gQz8WYk0EtBng9Fn8qXWz0XjqvrDWa2VKv3ASts3v7yeLs2x1rVyyhQqEu_Qg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=917c7f806b2a87b1';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=photoelectrochemical%20cell&__cf_chl_rt_tk=rgGF7A57i4oKVEjnFBc2pxXSI0yRWl9t0.XpllprS.Q-1740536867-1.0.1.1-DWHhq7oq2mqIUcfzye4WdrUiy_f3mazdzfPLlIXFOi0" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>