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id="toc-Opening_ceremony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Events subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Athletics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Athletics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Athletics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Athletics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cycling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cycling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Cycling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cycling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fencing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fencing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Fencing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fencing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gymnastics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gymnastics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Gymnastics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gymnastics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shooting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shooting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Shooting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shooting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swimming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swimming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Swimming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swimming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tennis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tennis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Tennis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tennis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weightlifting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weightlifting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Weightlifting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weightlifting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wrestling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wrestling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>Wrestling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wrestling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Closing_ceremony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Closing_ceremony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Closing ceremony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Closing_ceremony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Participating_nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Participating_nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Participating nations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Participating_nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-More_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#More_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>More reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-More_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Other websites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1896 Summer Olympics</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 97 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">97 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiese_Somerspele_1896" title="Olimpiese Somerspele 1896 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Olimpiese Somerspele 1896" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%AD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_1896" title="Аҭена 1896 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аҭена 1896" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_1896" title="الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1896 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1896" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuegos_Olimpicos_d%27Atenas_1896" title="Chuegos Olimpicos d'Atenas 1896 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chuegos Olimpicos d'Atenas 1896" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuegos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_d%27Atenes_1896" title="Xuegos Olímpicos d'Atenes 1896 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xuegos Olímpicos d'Atenes 1896" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91embosaraipav%E1%BA%BD_Arahak%C3%BApe_1896" title="Ñembosaraipavẽ Arahakúpe 1896 – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñembosaraipavẽ Arahakúpe 1896" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_Yay_Olimpiya_Oyunlar%C4%B1" title="1896 Yay Olimpiya Oyunları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1896 Yay Olimpiya Oyunları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiade_Masan_Panes_1896" title="Olimpiade Masan Panes 1896 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Olimpiade Masan Panes 1896" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AC_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95" title="১৮৯৬ গ্রীষ্মকালীন অলিম্পিক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৮৯৬ গ্রীষ্মকালীন অলিম্পিক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_n%C3%AE_H%C4%81-k%C3%B9i_Olympic_%C5%AAn-t%C5%8Dng-ho%C4%93" title="1896 nî Hā-kùi Olympic Ūn-tōng-hoē – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1896 nî Hā-kùi Olympic Ūn-tōng-hoē" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_1896" title="Летнія Алімпійскія гульні 1896 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Летнія Алімпійскія гульні 1896" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_1896_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Летнія Алімпійскія гульні 1896 году – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Летнія Алімпійскія гульні 1896 году" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_Olimpiko_sa_Tig-init" title="1896 Olimpiko sa Tig-init – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1896 Olimpiko sa Tig-init" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_1896" title="Летни олимпийски игри 1896 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Летни олимпийски игри 1896" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpijske_igre_1896." title="Olimpijske igre 1896. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Olimpijske igre 1896." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jocs_Ol%C3%ADmpics_d%27Estiu_de_1896" title="Jocs Olímpics d'Estiu de 1896 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jocs Olímpics d'Estiu de 1896" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letn%C3%AD_olympijsk%C3%A9_hry_1896" title="Letní olympijské hry 1896 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Letní olympijské hry 1896" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommer-OL_1896" title="Sommer-OL 1896 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sommer-OL 1896" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympische_Sommerspiele_1896" title="Olympische Sommerspiele 1896 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Olympische Sommerspiele 1896" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_%DE%88%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%A6_%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%80%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%8E%DE%AC_%DE%90%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%83_%DE%87%DE%AE%DE%8D%DE%A8%DE%89%DE%B0%DE%95%DE%A8%DE%86%DE%B0%DE%90%DE%B0" title="1896 ވަނަ އަހަރުގެ ސަމަރ އޮލިމްޕިކްސް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="1896 ވަނަ އަހަރުގެ ސަމަރ އޮލިމްޕިކްސް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896._aasta_suveol%C3%BCmpiam%C3%A4ngud" title="1896. aasta suveolümpiamängud – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1896. aasta suveolümpiamängud" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CE%9F%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CE%91%CE%B3%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82_1896" title="Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 1896 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 1896" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics" title="1896 Summer Olympics – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="1896 Summer Olympics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juegos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_Atenas_1896" title="Juegos Olímpicos de Atenas 1896 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Juegos Olímpicos de Atenas 1896" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somera_Olimpiko_1896" title="Somera Olimpiko 1896 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Somera Olimpiko 1896" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896ko_Udako_Olinpiar_Jokoak" title="1896ko Udako Olinpiar Jokoak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1896ko Udako Olinpiar Jokoak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B9%DB%B6" title="بازی‌های المپیک تابستانی ۱۸۹۶ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بازی‌های المپیک تابستانی ۱۸۹۶" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeux_olympiques_de_1896" title="Jeux olympiques de 1896 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jeux olympiques de 1896" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympyske_Simmerspullen_1896" title="Olympyske Simmerspullen 1896 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Olympyske Simmerspullen 1896" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluich%C3%AD_Oilimpeacha_an_tSamhraidh_1896" title="Cluichí Oilimpeacha an tSamhraidh 1896 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cluichí Oilimpeacha an tSamhraidh 1896" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_1896" title="Xogos Olímpicos de 1896 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xogos Olímpicos de 1896" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896%EB%85%84_%ED%95%98%EA%B3%84_%EC%98%AC%EB%A6%BC%ED%94%BD" title="1896년 하계 올림픽 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1896년 하계 올림픽" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D6%85%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%80_1896" title="Ամառային օլիմպիական խաղեր 1896 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ամառային օլիմպիական խաղեր 1896" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="1896 ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="1896 ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Olimpijske_igre_%E2%80%93_Atena_1896." title="I. Olimpijske igre – Atena 1896. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="I. Olimpijske igre – Atena 1896." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiala_Ludi_en_Athina,_1896" title="Olimpiala Ludi en Athina, 1896 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Olimpiala Ludi en Athina, 1896" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiade_Musim_Panas_1896" title="Olimpiade Musim Panas 1896 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Olimpiade Musim Panas 1896" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumar%C3%B3lymp%C3%ADuleikarnir_1896" title="Sumarólympíuleikarnir 1896 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sumarólympíuleikarnir 1896" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giochi_della_I_Olimpiade" title="Giochi della I Olimpiade – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giochi della I Olimpiade" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%90%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_(1896)" title="אולימפיאדת אתונה (1896) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אולימפיאדת אתונה (1896)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiadhe_Athena_1896" title="Olimpiadhe Athena 1896 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Olimpiadhe Athena 1896" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="1896 жылғы Жазғы Олимпиада ойындары – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1896 жылғы Жазғы Олимпиада ойындары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympia_aestiva_1896" title="Olympia aestiva 1896 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Olympia aestiva 1896" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896._gada_vasaras_olimpisk%C4%81s_sp%C4%93les" title="1896. gada vasaras olimpiskās spēles – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1896. gada vasaras olimpiskās spēles" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympesch_Summerspiller_1896" title="Olympesch Summerspiller 1896 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Olympesch Summerspiller 1896" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_m._vasaros_olimpin%C4%97s_%C5%BEaidyn%C4%97s" title="1896 m. vasaros olimpinės žaidynės – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1896 m. vasaros olimpinės žaidynės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896._%C3%A9vi_ny%C3%A1ri_olimpiai_j%C3%A1t%C3%A9kok" title="1896. évi nyári olimpiai játékok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1896. évi nyári olimpiai játékok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AC_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="१८९६ ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१८९६ ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_1896" title="Летни олимписки игри 1896 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Летни олимписки игри 1896" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AC_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B3%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="१८९६ उन्हाळी ऑलिंपिक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="१८९६ उन्हाळी ऑलिंपिक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81_1896" title="اوليمبياد صيف 1896 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوليمبياد صيف 1896" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B9%DB%B6_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="۱۸۹۶ تابستونی المپیک – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۸۹۶ تابستونی المپیک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukan_Olimpik_Musim_Panas_1896" title="Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas 1896 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas 1896" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%97%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="1896 оны Зуны Олимп – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="1896 оны Зуны Олимп" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%88%E1%81%89%E1%81%86_%E1%80%94%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B6%E1%80%95%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2" title="၁၈၉၆ နွေရာသီ အိုလံပစ်ပြိုင်ပွဲ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၈၉၆ နွေရာသီ အိုလံပစ်ပြိုင်ပွဲ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C4%93na_1896" title="Atēna 1896 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Atēna 1896" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympische_Zomerspelen_1896" title="Olympische Zomerspelen 1896 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Olympische Zomerspelen 1896" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AC_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="१८९६ ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="१८९६ ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896%E5%B9%B4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%86%E3%83%8D%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="1896年アテネオリンピック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1896年アテネオリンピック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympisk_Somerspalen_1896" title="Olympisk Somerspalen 1896 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Olympisk Somerspalen 1896" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommer-OL_1896" title="Sommer-OL 1896 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sommer-OL 1896" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommar-OL_1896" title="Sommar-OL 1896 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sommar-OL 1896" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B2cs_Olimpics_d%27estiu_de_1896" title="Jòcs Olimpics d'estiu de 1896 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jòcs Olimpics d'estiu de 1896" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D2%A5%D0%B5%D0%B6_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88_-_%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_1896" title="Кеҥеж Олимпий модмаш - Афине 1896 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Кеҥеж Олимпий модмаш - Афине 1896" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896-yilgi_Yozgi_Olimpiada_o%CA%BByinlari" title="1896-yilgi Yozgi Olimpiada oʻyinlari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1896-yilgi Yozgi Olimpiada oʻyinlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="1896 ਓਲੰਪਿਕ ਖੇਡਾਂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1896 ਓਲੰਪਿਕ ਖੇਡਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896%D8%A1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="1896ء گرمائی اولمپکس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1896ء گرمائی اولمپکس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letnie_Igrzyska_Olimpijskie_1896" title="Letnie Igrzyska Olimpijskie 1896 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Letnie Igrzyska Olimpijskie 1896" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_Ver%C3%A3o_de_1896" title="Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 1896 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 1896" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jocurile_Olimpice_de_var%C4%83_din_1896" title="Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 1896 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 1896" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apuwasinyuq_pukllaykuna_1896" title="Apuwasinyuq pukllaykuna 1896 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Apuwasinyuq pukllaykuna 1896" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8B_1896" title="Летние Олимпийские игры 1896 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Летние Олимпийские игры 1896" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D2%A5%D2%A5%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="1896 Сайыҥҥы Олимпия оонньуулара – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1896 Сайыҥҥы Олимпия оонньуулара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_Simmer_Olympics" title="1896 Simmer Olympics – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="1896 Simmer Olympics" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joca_Olimpici_d%C3%BB_1896" title="Joca Olimpici dû 1896 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Joca Olimpici dû 1896" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A" title="1896 ගිම්හාන ඔලිම්පික් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1896 ගිම්හාන ඔලිම්පික්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letn%C3%A9_olympijsk%C3%A9_hry_1896" title="Letné olympijské hry 1896 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Letné olympijské hry 1896" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poletne_olimpijske_igre_1896" title="Poletne olimpijske igre 1896 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Poletne olimpijske igre 1896" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%DA%B5%DB%86%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%A1%D9%A8%D9%A9%D9%A6" title="ئۆڵۆمپیادی ھاوینەی ١٨٩٦ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆڵۆمپیادی ھاوینەی ١٨٩٦" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5_1896." title="Летње олимпијске игре 1896. – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Летње олимпијске игре 1896." data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljetne_olimpijske_igre_1896." title="Ljetne olimpijske igre 1896. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ljetne olimpijske igre 1896." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kes%C3%A4olympialaiset_1896" title="Kesäolympialaiset 1896 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kesäolympialaiset 1896" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympiska_sommarspelen_1896" title="Olympiska sommarspelen 1896 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Olympiska sommarspelen 1896" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palarong_Olimpiko_sa_Tag-init_1896" title="Palarong Olimpiko sa Tag-init 1896 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Palarong Olimpiko sa Tag-init 1896" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="1896 கோடைக்கால ஒலிம்பிக் விளையாட்டுப் போட்டிகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1896 கோடைக்கால ஒலிம்பிக் விளையாட்டுப் போட்டிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_1896" title="Җәйге Олимпия уеннары 1896 – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җәйге Олимпия уеннары 1896" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%92%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="1896 వేసవి ఒలింపిక్ క్రీడలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1896 వేసవి ఒలింపిక్ క్రీడలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99_1896" title="โอลิมปิกฤดูร้อน 1896 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โอลิมปิกฤดูร้อน 1896" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_Yaz_Olimpiyatlar%C4%B1" title="1896 Yaz Olimpiyatları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1896 Yaz Olimpiyatları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_1896" title="Літні Олімпійські ігри 1896 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Літні Олімпійські ігри 1896" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896%D8%A1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="1896ء گرمائی اولمپکس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1896ء گرمائی اولمپکس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_v%E1%BA%ADn_h%E1%BB%99i_M%C3%B9a_h%C3%A8_1896" title="Thế vận hội Mùa hè 1896 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thế vận hội Mùa hè 1896" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djeus_olimpikes_d%27_est%C3%A9_di_1896" title="Djeus olimpikes d' esté di 1896 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Djeus olimpikes d' esté di 1896" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A" title="1896年夏季奥林匹克运动会 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1896年夏季奥林匹克运动会" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_%C3%8Cd%C3%ADje_%C3%92l%C3%ADmp%C3%ADk%C3%AC_%C3%8Cgb%C3%A0_Oru_1896" title="Àwọn Ìdíje Òlímpíkì Ìgbà Oru 1896 – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn Ìdíje Òlímpíkì Ìgbà Oru 1896" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896%E5%B9%B4%E5%A5%A7%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%9C%83" title="1896年奧林匹克運動會 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1896年奧林匹克運動會" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A" title="1896年夏季奥林匹克运动会 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1896年夏季奥林匹克运动会" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9689576">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 22em"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Games of the I Olympiad</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Athens_1896_report_cover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Athens_1896_report_cover.jpg/200px-Athens_1896_report_cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Athens_1896_report_cover.jpg/300px-Athens_1896_report_cover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Athens_1896_report_cover.jpg/400px-Athens_1896_report_cover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="778" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Report cover</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Host city</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nations</th><td class="infobox-data">14<sup class="reference" id="ref_countriesnone"><a href="#endnote_countriesnone">[note1]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Athletes</th><td class="infobox-data">241 (all men)<sup class="reference" id="ref_athletesnone"><a href="#endnote_athletesnone">[note2]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Events</th><td class="infobox-data">43 in 9 <a href="/wiki/Olympic_sports" title="Olympic sports">sports</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opening</th><td class="infobox-data">6 April</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Closing</th><td class="infobox-data">15 April</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_who_have_opened_the_Olympic_Games&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of people who have opened the Olympic Games (not yet started)">Opened by</a></th><td class="infobox-data vcard attendee"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Greece" title="List of kings of Greece">King</a> <a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Greece" title="George I of Greece">George I</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium" title="Olympic Stadium">Stadium</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Panathenaic_Stadium" title="Panathenaic Stadium">Panathenaic Stadium</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table style="width:100%; background:transparent;"><tbody><tr> <th style="width:50%; text-align: left;"></th> <th style="width:50%; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics" title="1900 Summer Olympics">Paris 1900</a> →</span></th> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>1896 Summer Olympics</b>, officially known as the <b>Games of the I Olympiad</b>, were held at <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The games took place from April 6 to 15, 1896. It was the first international <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a> held in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_era&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modern era (not yet started)">Modern era</a>. As <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a> was the birthplace of the Olympic Games, Athens was an good choice to stage the inaugural modern Games. The <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> (IOC) was also created during this congress. </p><p>The 1896 Olympics were regarded as a great success even though there were many obstacles and setbacks. The Games had the largest international participation of any sporting event to that date. The <a href="/wiki/Panathinaiko_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Panathinaiko Stadium">Panathinaiko Stadium</a>, the only Olympic stadium used in the 19th Century, overflowed with the largest crowd ever to watch a sporting event.<sup id="cite_ref-Y153_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Y153-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highlight for the Greeks was the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marathon_(sport)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marathon (sport) (not yet started)">marathon</a> victory by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spyridon_Louis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spyridon Louis (not yet started)">Spyridon Louis</a>. The most successful competitor was German <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sport_wrestling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sport wrestling (not yet started)">wrestler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics" title="Gymnastics">gymnast</a> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Schuhmann" title="Carl Schuhmann">Carl Schuhmann</a>, who won four events. </p><p>After the Games, Rhys Coubertin and the IOC were petitioned by several prominent figures including Greece's <a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Greece" title="George I of Greece">King George</a> and some of the American competitors in Athens, to hold all the following Games in Athens. However, the <a href="/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics" title="1900 Summer Olympics">1900 Summer Olympics</a> were already planned for Paris and, except for the <a href="/wiki/1906_Intercalated_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="1906 Intercalated Games">Intercalated Games of 1906</a>, the Olympics did not return to Greece until the <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Summer Olympics</a>, some 108 years later. </p><p>The stories about the events and people of these Games were in the 1984 <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> <a href="/wiki/Miniseries" title="Miniseries">miniseries</a>, <i>The First Olympics: Athens, 1896</i> – starring <a href="/wiki/David_Ogden_Stiers" title="David Ogden Stiers">David Ogden Stiers</a> as <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Milligan_Sloane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Milligan Sloane (not yet started)">William Milligan Sloane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Jourdan" title="Louis Jourdan">Louis Jourdan</a> as <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin" title="Pierre de Coubertin">Pierre de Coubertin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reviving_the_Games">Reviving the Games</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Reviving the Games" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Reviving the Games"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panathinaiko_Stadium_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Panathinaiko_Stadium_panorama.jpg/300px-Panathinaiko_Stadium_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Panathinaiko_Stadium_panorama.jpg/450px-Panathinaiko_Stadium_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Panathinaiko_Stadium_panorama.jpg/600px-Panathinaiko_Stadium_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4959" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Panorama of the Panathinaiko Stadium</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 18th century, several small-scale sports festivals in Europe were named after the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">Ancient Olympic Games</a>. The 1870 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zappas_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zappas Olympics (not yet started)">Olympics</a> at the Panathenaic stadium had 30,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coubertin took Dr <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Penny_Brookes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Penny Brookes (not yet started)">William Penny Brooke's</a> idea to have a multi-national and <a href="/wiki/Multi-sport_event" title="Multi-sport event">multi-sport event</a>—the ancient games were in a sense international, because various Greek <a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">city-states</a> and colonies were represented, but only free male athletes of Greek origin were allowed to participate.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1890, Coubertin wrote an article in <i>La Revue Athletique</i>, which talked about the importance of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Much_Wenlock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Much Wenlock (not yet started)">Much Wenlock</a>—a rural market town in the English county of <a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a>. It was here that, in October 1850, the local <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a> William Penny Brookes started the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wenlock_Olympian_Society_Annual_Games&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wenlock Olympian Society Annual Games (not yet started)">Wenlock Olympian Games</a>, a festival of sports and recreations that included athletics and team sports, such as <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quoits&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quoits (not yet started)">quoits</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coubertin also took inspiration from the earlier Greek games organized under the name of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zappas_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zappas Olympics (not yet started)">Olympics</a> by businessman and <a href="/wiki/Philanthropist" class="mw-redirect" title="Philanthropist">philanthropist</a> <a href="/wiki/Evangelos_Zappas" title="Evangelos Zappas">Evangelos Zappas</a> in 1859, 1870 and 1875.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1896 Athens Games was funded by the legacies of <a href="/wiki/Evangelos_Zappas" title="Evangelos Zappas">Evangelos Zappas</a> and his cousin <a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Zappas" title="Konstantinos Zappas">Konstantinos Zappas</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Averoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Averoff (not yet started)">George Averoff</a><sup id="cite_ref-Young_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who had been specifically requested by the Greek government, through crown prince Constantine, to sponsor the second refurbishment of the <a href="/wiki/Panathinaiko_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Panathinaiko Stadium">Panathinaiko Stadium</a>. The Greek government did fix the stadium even though the cost of refurbishing the stadium in marble had already been funded in full by Evangelos Zappas forty years earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="floatright" width="33%" align="right" style="background-color:inherit;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:none;margin: .5em .75em;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="color:#B2B7F2;font-size:40px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;padding:2 2px;padding-top: 4px">“ </td> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding:0 10px;">With deep feeling towards Baron de Coubertin's courteous petition, I send him and the members of the Congress, with my sincere thanks, my best wishes for the revival of the Olympic Games. </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="color:#B2B7F2;font-size:40px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:right;padding:2 2px;padding: 4px;">” </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding-top: 10px"><p style="font-size:smaller;line-height:1em;text-align: right"><cite style="font-style:normal;">—<a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Greece" title="George I of Greece">King George</a> of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> (June 21, 1894)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On June 18, 1894, Coubertin put together a group at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">Sorbonne</a>, in Paris, to present his plans to representatives of sports societies from 11 countries. After his proposal's acceptance by the congress, a date for the first modern Olympic Games needed to be chosen. Coubertin suggested that the Games be held at the same time as the 1900 <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Fair" title="World's Fair">Universal Exposition</a> of Paris. Concerned that a six-year wait might lessen public interest, congress members instead chose 1896. With a date established, members of the congress turned to the choice of a host city. Since Greece was the original home of the Olympics, all the congress approved the decision of Athens. Vikelas was then elected the first president of the newly established <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> (IOC).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Venues">Venues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Venues" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Venues"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There were 7 venues for the 1896 Summer Olympics. The main venue was the <a href="/wiki/Panathenaic_Stadium" title="Panathenaic Stadium">Panathenaic Stadium</a>. Four of the nine sports were at this stadium. The <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Marathon,_Greece" title="Marathon, Greece">Marathon</a> had the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marathon_(sport)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marathon (sport) (not yet started)">marathon</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing" title="Road bicycle racing">road races</a>. <a href="/wiki/Swimming_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swimming (sport)">Swimming</a> was in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bay_of_Zea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bay of Zea (not yet started)">Bay of Zea</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">Fencing</a> was at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zappeion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zappeion (not yet started)">Zappeion</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sport_shooting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sport shooting (not yet started)">Sport shooting</a> was at <a href="/wiki/Kallithea" title="Kallithea">Kallithea</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">Tennis</a> was at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens_Lawn_Tennis_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athens Lawn Tennis Club (not yet started)">Athens Lawn Tennis Club</a>. In 1896, most Greeks did not what Tennis was.<sup id="cite_ref-tennis_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tennis-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bay of Zea is a <a href="/wiki/Seaport" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaport">seaport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marina" title="Marina">marina</a> near <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was where the swimming was because the organizers did not want to spend money to build a venue for <a href="/wiki/Swimming" title="Swimming">swimming</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>4 of the 1896 venues were also used in the <a href="/wiki/2004_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Olympic Games">2004 Games</a>. In 1964, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Velodrome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velodrome (not yet started)">velodrome</a> was <a href="/wiki/Renovation" title="Renovation">renovated</a> into a <a href="/wiki/Football_(soccer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Football (soccer)">football</a> <a href="/wiki/Stadium" title="Stadium">stadium</a>. It was renamed to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaiskakis_Stadium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karaiskakis Stadium (not yet started)">Karaiskakis Stadium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, it was renovated again to be a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Football_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Football at the 2004 Summer Olympics (not yet started)">football</a> venue for the 2004 Games.<sup id="cite_ref-offrep2004_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-offrep2004-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 324">: 324 </span></sup>During the 2004 Games, <a href="/wiki/Panathinaiko_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Panathinaiko Stadium">Panathinaiko Stadium</a> was where they had <a href="/w/index.php?title=Archery_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archery at the 2004 Summer Olympics (not yet started)">archery</a> competitions. It was also the finish line for the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Athletics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics (not yet started)">marathon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-offrep2004_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-offrep2004-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 237, 242">: 237, 242 </span></sup> In both <a href="/wiki/Marathon" title="Marathon">marathons</a>, the city of <a href="/wiki/Marathon,_Greece" title="Marathon, Greece">Marathon</a> was where the marathon started.<sup id="cite_ref-offrep2004_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-offrep2004-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 242">: 242 </span></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" width="780px"> <tbody><tr> <th width="40%">Venue </th> <th class="unsortable" width="45%">Sports </th> <th width="10%">Capacity </th> <th class="unsortable">Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens_Lawn_Tennis_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athens Lawn Tennis Club (not yet started)">Athens Lawn Tennis Club</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennis_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tennis at the 1896 Summer Olympics (not yet started)">Tennis</a> </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-tennis_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tennis-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bay_of_Zea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bay of Zea (not yet started)">Bay of Zea</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Swimming</a> </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kallithea" title="Kallithea">Kallithea</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shooting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shooting at the 1896 Summer Olympics (not yet started)">Shooting</a> </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-offrep1986_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-offrep1986-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 84">: 84 </span></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marathon,_Greece" title="Marathon, Greece">Marathon (city)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Athletics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_marathon" title="Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon">Marathon</a>), <a href="/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Cycling</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_road_race&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's road race (not yet started)">Individual road race</a>). </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-offrep1986_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-offrep1986-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 86–90,100–102">: 86–90,100–102 </span></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo_Phaliron_Velodrome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neo Phaliron Velodrome (not yet started)">Neo Phaliron Velodrome</a> </td> <td>Cycling (track) </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-offrep1986_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-offrep1986-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 31–49">: 31–49 </span></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Panathinaiko_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Panathinaiko Stadium">Panathinaiko Stadium</a> </td> <td>Athletics, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics (not yet started)">Gymnastics</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Weightlifting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weightlifting at the 1896 Summer Olympics (not yet started)">Weightlifting</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wrestling_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wrestling at the 1896 Summer Olympics (not yet started)">Wrestling</a> </td> <td align="right">80,000 </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-offrep1986_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-offrep1986-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 1">: 1 </span></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zappeion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zappeion (not yet started)">Zappeion</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Fencing at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Fencing</a> </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Calendar">Calendar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Calendar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Calendar"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:90%; position:relative; width:75%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#0c3;"> <b>OC</b>  </td> <td>Opening ceremony </td> <td style="background:#39f;">  ●  </td> <td>Event competitions </td> <td style="background:silver;"> <b>1</b>  </td> <td>Event finals </td> <td style="background:#e33;"> <b>CC</b>  </td> <td>Closing ceremony </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:90%; line-height:1.25em; width:75%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="width:18%;">April 1896 </th> <th style="width:4%;">6th <p>Mon </p> </th> <th style="width:4%;">7th <p>Tue </p> </th> <th style="width:4%;">8th <p>Wed </p> </th> <th style="width:4%;">9th <p>Thu </p> </th> <th style="width:4%;">10th <p>Fri </p> </th> <th style="width:4%;">11th <p>Sat </p> </th> <th style="width:4%;">12th <p>Sun </p> </th> <th style="width:4%;">13th <p>Mon </p> </th> <th style="width:4%;">14th <p>Tue </p> </th> <th style="width:4%;">15th <p>Wed </p> </th> <th style="width:6%;">Events </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">Ceremonies</span> </td> <td style="background-color:#00cc33;"><b>OC</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#ee3333;"><b>CC</b></td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Athletics_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Athletics_pictogram.svg/20px-Athletics_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Athletics_pictogram.svg/30px-Athletics_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Athletics_pictogram.svg/40px-Athletics_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Athletics</a> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>2</b> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>4</b> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>1</b> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>5</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>12</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="left"><a href="/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Cycling</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cycling_(road)_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg/20px-Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg/30px-Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg/40px-Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> Road cycling</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>1</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b>6</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cycling_(track)_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Cycling_%28track%29_pictogram.svg/20px-Cycling_%28track%29_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Cycling_%28track%29_pictogram.svg/30px-Cycling_%28track%29_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Cycling_%28track%29_pictogram.svg/40px-Cycling_%28track%29_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> Track cycling</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>1</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>3</b> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>1</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fencing_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fencing_pictogram.svg/20px-Fencing_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fencing_pictogram.svg/30px-Fencing_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fencing_pictogram.svg/40px-Fencing_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Fencing at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Fencing</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>2</b> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>1</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>3</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gymnastics_(artistic)_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg/20px-Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg/30px-Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg/40px-Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics (not yet started)">Gymnastics</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>6</b> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>2</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>8</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shooting_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Shooting_pictogram.svg/20px-Shooting_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Shooting_pictogram.svg/30px-Shooting_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Shooting_pictogram.svg/40px-Shooting_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shooting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shooting at the 1896 Summer Olympics (not yet started)">Shooting</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#39f;">●  </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>1</b> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>1</b> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>2</b> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>1</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>5</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Swimming_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Swimming_pictogram.svg/20px-Swimming_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Swimming_pictogram.svg/30px-Swimming_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Swimming_pictogram.svg/40px-Swimming_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Swimming</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>4</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>4</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tennis_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tennis_pictogram.svg/20px-Tennis_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tennis_pictogram.svg/30px-Tennis_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tennis_pictogram.svg/40px-Tennis_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennis_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tennis at the 1896 Summer Olympics (not yet started)">Tennis</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#39f;">●  </td> <td style="background:#39f;">●  </td> <td style="background:#39f;">●  </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>2</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>2</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Weightlifting_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Weightlifting_pictogram.svg/20px-Weightlifting_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Weightlifting_pictogram.svg/30px-Weightlifting_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Weightlifting_pictogram.svg/40px-Weightlifting_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Weightlifting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weightlifting at the 1896 Summer Olympics (not yet started)">Weightlifting</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>2</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>2</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wrestling_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wrestling_pictogram.svg/20px-Wrestling_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wrestling_pictogram.svg/30px-Wrestling_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wrestling_pictogram.svg/40px-Wrestling_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wrestling_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wrestling at the 1896 Summer Olympics (not yet started)">Wrestling</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#39f;">●  </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>1</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>1</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Daily final events </th> <th>2 </th> <th>8 </th> <th>1 </th> <th>9 </th> <th>8 </th> <th>12 </th> <th>2 </th> <th>1 </th> <th>0 </th> <th>0 </th> <th rowspan="2">43 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Cumulative total </th> <th>2 </th> <th>10 </th> <th>11 </th> <th>20 </th> <th>28 </th> <th>40 </th> <th>42 </th> <th>43 </th> <th>43 </th> <th>43 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="width:18%;">April 1896 </th> <th style="width:4%;">6th <p>Mon </p> </th> <th style="width:4%;">7th <p>Tue </p> </th> <th style="width:4%;">8th <p>Wed </p> </th> <th style="width:4%;">9th <p>Thu </p> </th> <th style="width:4%;">10th <p>Fri </p> </th> <th style="width:4%;">11th <p>Sat </p> </th> <th style="width:4%;">12th <p>Sun </p> </th> <th style="width:4%;">13th <p>Mon </p> </th> <th style="width:4%;">14th <p>Tue </p> </th> <th style="width:4%;">15th <p>Wed </p> </th> <th rowspan="2">Total events </th></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Note:</b> <a href="/wiki/Silver_medal" title="Silver medal">Silver medals</a> were given to the winners. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Copper_medal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Copper medal (not yet started)">Copper medals</a> were given to people in second place. There were no prizes for people who came in third place. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opening_ceremony">Opening ceremony</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Opening ceremony" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Opening ceremony"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1896_Olympic_opening_ceremony.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/1896_Olympic_opening_ceremony.jpg/220px-1896_Olympic_opening_ceremony.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/1896_Olympic_opening_ceremony.jpg/330px-1896_Olympic_opening_ceremony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/1896_Olympic_opening_ceremony.jpg/440px-1896_Olympic_opening_ceremony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption>The opening ceremony in the Panathinaiko Stadium</figcaption></figure> <p>On April 6 (March 25 according to the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a> then in use in Greece), the games of the First Olympiad were officially opened; it was <a href="/wiki/Easter_Monday" title="Easter Monday">Easter Monday</a> for both the <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Christian Churches</a> and the anniversary of <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greece's independence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Panathinaiko Stadium was filled with an estimated 80,000 spectators, including King <a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Greece" title="George I of Greece">George I of Greece</a>, his wife <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olga_Konstantinova_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olga Konstantinova of Russia (not yet started)">Olga</a>, and their sons. Most of the competing athletes were aligned on the infield, grouped by nation. After a speech by the president of the organizing committee, Crown Prince Constantine, his father officially opened the Games:<sup id="cite_ref-IOCA_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOCA-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>"I declare the opening of the first international Olympic Games in Athens. Long live the Nation. Long live the Greek people."</p></blockquote> <p>Afterwards, nine bands and 150 choir singers performed an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympic_Hymn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olympic Hymn (not yet started)">Olympic Hymn</a>, composed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spyridon_Samaras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spyridon Samaras (not yet started)">Spyridon Samaras</a>, with words by poet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostis_Palamas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kostis Palamas (not yet started)">Kostis Palamas</a>. Thereafter, a variety of musical offerings provided the backgrounds to the Opening Ceremonies until <a href="/wiki/1960_Summer_Olympics" title="1960 Summer Olympics">1960</a>, since which time the Samaras/Palamas composition has become the official Olympic Anthem (decision taken by the IOC Session in 1958). Other elements of current Olympic opening ceremonies were started later: the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_flame" title="Olympic flame">Olympic flame</a> was first lit in <a href="/wiki/1928_Summer_Olympics" title="1928 Summer Olympics">1928</a>, the first athletes' oath was sworn at the <a href="/wiki/1920_Summer_Olympics" title="1920 Summer Olympics">1920 Summer Olympics</a>, and the first officials' oath was taken at the <a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics" title="1972 Summer Olympics">1972 Olympic Games</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IOCA_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOCA-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Events" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Events"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the 1894 Sorbonne congress, a large roster of sports were suggested for the program in Athens. The first official announcements regarding the sporting events to be held featured sports such as football and cricket, but these plans were never finalized, and these sports did not make the final list for the Games. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sport_rowing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sport rowing (not yet started)">Rowing</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yachting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yachting (not yet started)">yachting</a> were scheduled, but had to be canceled due to poor weather on the planned day of competition.<sup id="cite_ref-C98-99_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C98-99-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result, the 1896 Summer Olympics had 9 sports and 43 events. The number of events in each sport is in <a href="/wiki/Parentheses" class="mw-redirect" title="Parentheses">parentheses</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9467161">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Athletics</a> <small>(12)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Cycling</a> <ul><li>Road <small>(1)</small></li> <li>Track <small>(5)</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Fencing at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Fencing</a> <small>(3)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics (not yet started)">Gymnastics</a> <small>(8)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shooting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shooting at the 1896 Summer Olympics (not yet started)">Shooting</a> <small>(5)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Swimming</a> <small>(4)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennis_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tennis at the 1896 Summer Olympics (not yet started)">Tennis</a> <small>(2)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weightlifting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weightlifting at the 1896 Summer Olympics (not yet started)">Weightlifting</a> <small>(2)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wrestling_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wrestling at the 1896 Summer Olympics (not yet started)">Wrestling</a> <small>(1)</small></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Athletics">Athletics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Athletics" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Athletics"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671799">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Athletics_(track_and_field)" class="mw-redirect" title="Athletics (track and field)">athletics</a> events had the most <a href="/wiki/International" title="International">international</a> field of any of the sports. The major highlight was the <a href="/wiki/Marathon" title="Marathon">marathon</a>, held for the first time in international competition. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spyridon_Louis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spyridon Louis (not yet started)">Spyridon Louis</a> was the only Greek athletics champion and a national hero. Although Greece had been favored to win the <a href="/wiki/Discus" class="mw-redirect" title="Discus">discus</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Shotput" class="mw-redirect" title="Shotput">shotput</a>, the best Greek athletes finished just behind the American <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Garrett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Garrett (not yet started)">Robert Garrett</a> in both events.<sup id="cite_ref-Y153_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Y153-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>No <a href="/wiki/World_record" title="World record">world records</a> were set, as few top international competitors had elected to compete. In addition, the curves of the track were very tight, making fast times in the running events hard. Despite this, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Burke_(athlete)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Burke (athlete) (not yet started)">Thomas Burke</a>, of the United States, won the 100 meter race in 12.0 seconds and the 400 meter race in 54.2 seconds. was the only one who used the "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Crouch_start&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crouch start (not yet started)">crouch start</a>" (putting his knee on soil), confusing the jury. Eventually, he was allowed to start from his "uncomfortable position".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cycling">Cycling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Cycling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Cycling"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Masson_flameng.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Masson_flameng.jpg/220px-Masson_flameng.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Masson_flameng.jpg/330px-Masson_flameng.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Masson_flameng.jpg 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="290" /></a><figcaption>Frenchmen Léon Flameng (left) and Paul Masson won four cycling events.</figcaption></figure> <p>The rules of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Cycling_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Cycling Association (not yet started)">International Cycling Association</a> were used for the cycling competitions.<sup id="cite_ref-LWC_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LWC-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Track_cycling" class="mw-redirect" title="Track cycling">track cycling</a> events were held at the newly built <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo_Phaliron_Velodrome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neo Phaliron Velodrome (not yet started)">Neo Phaliron Velodrome</a>. Only one road event was held, a race from Athens to Marathon and back (87 kilometers). </p><p>In the track events, the best cyclist was Frenchman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Masson_(cyclist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Masson (cyclist) (not yet started)">Paul Masson</a>, who won the one lap <a href="/wiki/Time_trial" title="Time trial">time trial</a>, the sprint event, and the 10,000 meters. In the 100 kilometers event, Masson entered as a pacemaker for his compatriot <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Flameng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léon Flameng (not yet started)">Léon Flameng</a>. Flameng won the event, after a fall, and after stopping to wait for his Greek opponent <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgios_Kolettis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgios Kolettis (not yet started)">Georgios Kolettis</a> to fix a mechanical problem. The Austrian fencer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Schmal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adolf Schmal (not yet started)">Adolf Schmal</a> won the 12-hour race, which was completed by only two cyclists, while the road race event was won by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristidis_Konstantinidis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aristidis Konstantinidis (not yet started)">Aristidis Konstantinidis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LW_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LW-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fencing">Fencing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: Fencing" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Fencing"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leonidas_Pyrgos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Leonidas_Pyrgos.jpg/220px-Leonidas_Pyrgos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Leonidas_Pyrgos.jpg/330px-Leonidas_Pyrgos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Leonidas_Pyrgos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption>Fencer Leonidas Pyrgos became the first Greek modern Olympic champion by winning the masters foil competition.</figcaption></figure> <p>The fencing events were held in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zappeion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zappeion (not yet started)">Zappeion</a>, which, built with money <a href="/wiki/Evangelos_Zappas" title="Evangelos Zappas">Evangelos Zappas</a> had given to revive the ancient Olympic Games, was not used before.<sup id="cite_ref-Y148_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Y148-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike other sports (in which only amateurs were allowed to take part at the Olympics), professionals were allowed to compete in fencing, though in a separate event. These professionals were considered gentlemen athletes, just as the amateurs. </p><p>Four events were scheduled, but the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89p%C3%A9e" title="Épée">épée</a> event was cancelled for unknown reasons. The foil event was won by a Frenchman, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eug%C3%A8ne-Henri_Gravelotte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugène-Henri Gravelotte (not yet started)">Eugène-Henri Gravelotte</a>, who beat his countryman, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Callot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri Callot (not yet started)">Henri Callot</a>, in the final.<sup id="cite_ref-Y148_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Y148-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other two events, the sabre and the masters foil, were won by Greek fencers. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonidas_Pyrgos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonidas Pyrgos (not yet started)">Leonidas Pyrgos</a>, who won the latter event, became the first Greek Olympic champion in the modern era. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gymnastics">Gymnastics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Change section: Gymnastics" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Gymnastics"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schuhmann_flatow_weingartner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Schuhmann_flatow_weingartner.jpg/220px-Schuhmann_flatow_weingartner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Schuhmann_flatow_weingartner.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption>The German individual gymnastics champions: Schuhmann, Flatow, and Weingärtner</figcaption></figure> <p>Gymnastics was at the infield of the Panathinaiko Stadium. Germany sent an 11-man team, which won five of the eight events, including both team events. In the team event on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horizontal_bar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horizontal bar (not yet started)">horizontal bar</a>, the German team was unopposed. Three Germans added individual titles: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Weing%C3%A4rtner" title="Hermann Weingärtner">Hermann Weingärtner</a> won the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horizontal_bar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horizontal bar (not yet started)">horizontal bar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Flatow" title="Alfred Flatow">Alfred Flatow</a> won the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parallel_bars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parallel bars (not yet started)">parallel bars</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Carl_Schuhmann" title="Carl Schuhmann">Carl Schuhmann</a>, who also competed successfully in wrestling, won the <a href="/wiki/Vault" class="mw-redirect" title="Vault">vault</a>. <a href="/wiki/Louis_Zutter" title="Louis Zutter">Louis Zutter</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Swiss</a> gymnast, won the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pommel_horse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pommel horse (not yet started)">pommel horse</a>, while Greeks <a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Mitropoulos" title="Ioannis Mitropoulos">Ioannis Mitropoulos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Andriakopoulos" title="Nikolaos Andriakopoulos">Nikolaos Andriakopoulos</a> were victorious in the rings and rope climbing events, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shooting">Shooting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Change section: Shooting" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Shooting"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Held at a range at <a href="/wiki/Kallithea" title="Kallithea">Kallithea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Shooting" title="Shooting">shooting</a> competition was five events—two using a <a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle">rifle</a> and three with the <a href="/wiki/Pistol" title="Pistol">pistol</a>. The first event, the military rifle, was won by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantelis_Karasevdas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pantelis Karasevdas (not yet started)">Pantelis Karasevdas</a>, the only competitor to hit the target with all of his shots. The second event, for military pistols, was dominated by two American brothers: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Paine_(sharpshooter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Paine (sharpshooter) (not yet started)">John</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumner_Paine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sumner Paine (not yet started)">Sumner Paine</a> became the first siblings to finish first and second in the same event. In order to avoid embarrassing their hosts, the brothers decided that only one of them would compete in the next pistol event, the free pistol. Sumner Paine won that event.<sup id="cite_ref-CP76,83_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CP76,83-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Paine brothers did not compete in the 25 meter pistol event, as the event judges determined that their weapons were not of the required caliber. In their absence, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannis_Phrangoudis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioannis Phrangoudis (not yet started)">Ioannis Phrangoudis</a> won. The final event, the free rifle, began on the same day. However, the event was not completed due to darkness and was finalized the next morning, when <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgios_Orphanidis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgios Orphanidis (not yet started)">Georgios Orphanidis</a> was crowned the champion.<sup id="cite_ref-CP76,83_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CP76,83-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swimming">Swimming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Change section: Swimming" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Swimming"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hajos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Hajos.jpg/220px-Hajos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Hajos.jpg/330px-Hajos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Hajos.jpg/440px-Hajos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="698" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfr%C3%A9d_Haj%C3%B3s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfréd Hajós (not yet started)">Alfréd Hajós</a>, the first Olympic champion in swimming, is one of only two Olympians to have won medals in both sport and art competitions.</figcaption></figure> <p>The swimming competition was held in the open sea. Nearly 20,000 spectators lined the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bay_of_Zea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bay of Zea (not yet started)">Bay of Zea</a> off the <a href="/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a> coast to watch the events. The water in the bay was cold, and the competitors suffered during their races. There were three open events (men's 100 metre freestyle, men's 500 metre freestyle, and men's 1200 metre freestyle), in addition to a special event open only to Greek sailors, all of which were held on the same day (April 11).<sup id="cite_ref-LW_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LW-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfr%C3%A9d_Haj%C3%B3s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfréd Hajós (not yet started)">Alfréd Hajós</a> of Hungary, being on the same day meant he could only compete in two of the events. He won the two events in which he swam, the 100 and 1200 meter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Freestyle_swimming&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freestyle swimming (not yet started)">freestyle</a>. Hajós later became one of only two Olympians to win a medal in both the athletic and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_competitions_at_the_Olympic_Games&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Art competitions at the Olympic Games (not yet started)">artistic competitions</a>, when he won a silver medal for architecture in 1924. The 500 meter freestyle was won by Austrian swimmer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Neumann_(swimmer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Neumann (swimmer) (not yet started)">Paul Neumann</a>, who defeated his opponents by more than a minute and a half. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tennis">Tennis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Change section: Tennis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Tennis"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although tennis was already a major sport by the end of the 19th century, none of the top players turned up for the tournament in Athens. The competition was at the courts of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens_Lawn_Tennis_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athens Lawn Tennis Club (not yet started)">Athens Lawn Tennis Club</a>, and the infield of the velodrome used for the cycling events. <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Pius_Boland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Pius Boland (not yet started)">John Pius Boland</a>, who won the event, was entered in the competition by a fellow-student of his at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a>. In the first round, Boland defeated <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Traun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Traun (not yet started)">Friedrich Traun</a>, a promising tennis player from <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, who had been eliminated in the 100 meter sprint competition. Boland and Traun decided to team up for the doubles event, in which they reached the final and defeated their Greek and Egyptian opponents after losing the first set.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weightlifting">Weightlifting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Change section: Weightlifting" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Weightlifting"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Launceston_Elliot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Launceston_Elliot.jpg/220px-Launceston_Elliot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Launceston_Elliot.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Launceston Elliot, winner of the one-armed weightlifting event, was popular with the Greek audience, who found him very handsome.</figcaption></figure> <p>The sport of weightlifting was still young in 1896, and the rules differed from those in use today. Competitions were held outdoors, in the infield of the <a href="/wiki/Panathinaiko_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Panathinaiko Stadium">main stadium</a>, and there were no weight limits. The first event was held in a style now known as the "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Clean_and_jerk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clean and jerk (not yet started)">clean and jerk</a>". Two competitors stood out: Scotsman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Launceston_Elliot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Launceston Elliot (not yet started)">Launceston Elliot</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viggo_Jensen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viggo Jensen (not yet started)">Viggo Jensen</a> of Denmark. Both of them lifted the same weight; but the jury, with Prince George as the chairman, ruled that Jensen had done so in a better style. The British delegation, unfamiliar with this tie-breaking rule, lodged a protest. The lifters were eventually allowed to make further attempts, but neither lifter improved, and Jensen was declared the champion.<sup id="cite_ref-C70-71_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C70-71-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elliot won in the one hand lift event, which was held immediately after the two-handed one. Jensen had been slightly injured during his last two-handed attempt, and was no match for Elliot, who won the competition easily. The Greek audience was charmed by the Scottish victor, whom they considered very attractive. A curious incident occurred during the weightlifting event: a servant was ordered to remove the weights, which appeared to be a difficult task for him. Prince George came to his assistance; he picked up the weight and threw it a considerable distance with ease, to the delight of the crowd.<sup id="cite_ref-C70-71_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C70-71-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wrestling">Wrestling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Change section: Wrestling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Wrestling"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schuhmann_lotta_atene_1896.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Schuhmann_lotta_atene_1896.jpg/220px-Schuhmann_lotta_atene_1896.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Schuhmann_lotta_atene_1896.jpg/330px-Schuhmann_lotta_atene_1896.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Schuhmann_lotta_atene_1896.jpg/440px-Schuhmann_lotta_atene_1896.jpg 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption>Carl Schuhmann (left) and Georgios Tsitas shake hands before the final match of the wrestling competition.</figcaption></figure> <p>No weight classes existed for the wrestling competition, held in the Panathinaiko Stadium, which meant that there would only be one winner among competitors of all sizes. The rules used were similar to modern <a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_wrestling" title="Greco-Roman wrestling">Greco-Roman wrestling</a>, although there was no time limit, and not all leg holds were forbidden (in contrast to current rules). </p><p>Apart from the two Greek contestants, all the competitors had previously been active in other sports. Weightlifting champion Launceston Elliot faced gymnastics champion Carl Schuhmann. The latter won and advanced into the final, where he met <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgios_Tsitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgios Tsitas (not yet started)">Georgios Tsitas</a>, who had previously defeated <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephanos_Christopoulos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephanos Christopoulos (not yet started)">Stephanos Christopoulos</a>. Darkness forced the final match to be suspended after 40 minutes; it was continued the following day, when Schuhmann needed only a quarter of an hour to finish the bout.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Closing_ceremony">Closing ceremony</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Change section: Closing ceremony" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Closing ceremony"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the morning of Sunday April 12, King George organized a banquet for officials and athletes (even though some competitions had not yet been held). During his speech, he made clear that, as far as he was concerned, the Olympics should be held in Athens permanently. The official closing ceremony was held the following Wednesday, after being postponed from Tuesday due to rain. Again the royal family attended the ceremony, which was opened by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_anthem_of_Greece&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National anthem of Greece (not yet started)">national anthem of Greece</a> and an ode composed in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">ancient Greek</a> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_S._Robertson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George S. Robertson (not yet started)">George S. Robertson</a>, a British athlete and scholar.<sup id="cite_ref-C50_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C50-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Afterwards, the king awarded prizes to the winners. Unlike today, the first-place winners received silver medals, an olive branch and a diploma. Athletes who placed second received copper medals, a branch of laurel and a diploma. Third place winners did not receive a medal. Some winners also received additional prizes, such as Spyridon Louis, who received a cup from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Br%C3%A9al&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Bréal (not yet started)">Michel Bréal</a>, a friend of Coubertin, who had conceived the marathon event. Louis then led the medalists on a lap of honor around the stadium, while the Olympic Hymn was played again. The King then formally announced that the first Olympiad was at an end, and left the Stadium, while the band played the Greek national hymn and the crowd cheered.<sup id="cite_ref-C50_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C50-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like the Greek king, many others supported the idea of holding the next Games in Athens; most of the American competitors signed a letter to the Crown Prince expressing this wish. Coubertin, however, was heavily opposed to this idea, as he envisioned international rotation as one of the cornerstones of the modern Olympics. According to his wish, the next Games were held in Paris, although they would be somewhat over-shadowed by the concurrently held <a href="/w/index.php?title=Exposition_Universelle_(1900)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exposition Universelle (1900) (not yet started)">Universal Exposition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Participating_nations">Participating nations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Change section: Participating nations" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Participating nations"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A total of 14 nations sent athletes to compete at the Athens games. </p> <div>   <table class="multicol" role="presentation" style="border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:100%;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Great Britain</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Change section: Notes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Notes"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/Reference_documents_Factsheets/Opening_ceremony_of_the_Games_of_the_Olympiad.pdf">"Factsheet – Opening Ceremony of the Games f the Olympiad"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Press release). International Olympic Committee. September 13, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160814215458/https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/Reference_documents_Factsheets/Opening_ceremony_of_the_Games_of_the_Olympiad.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 14 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Factsheet+%E2%80%93+Opening+Ceremony+of+the+Games+f+the+Olympiad&rft.pub=International+Olympic+Committee&rft.date=2013-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstillmed.olympic.org%2FDocuments%2FReference_documents_Factsheets%2FOpening_ceremony_of_the_Games_of_the_Olympiad.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sports Reference.com (SR/Olympics), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1896/">"1896 Athina Summer Games"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200417042610/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1896/">Archived</a> 2020-04-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved July 24, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Y153-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Y153_3-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Y153_3-1">3.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Young (1996), 153</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0086713">"The First Olympics: Athens 1896 Business Details"</a>. IMDb<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+First+Olympics%3A+Athens+1896+Business+Details&rft.pub=IMDb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0086713&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Modern Olympics, A Struggle for Revival by David C. Young, Chapter 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Donald G. Kyle, systematic excavations of <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a> had begun only in 1875, and Coubertin's perceptions were loosely based on ancient sources (Kyle [2007], 96).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mullins, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ioa.leeds.ac.uk/1980s/84099.htm">Pierre de Coubertin and the Wenlock Olympian Games</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20110218043658/http://www.ioa.leeds.ac.uk/1980s/84099.htm">Archived</a> 2011-02-18 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">Archive.today</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthews (2005), 66; Young (1996), 81</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Young (1996), p.117</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Memoire sure le conflit entre la Grece et la Roumanie concernant l'affaire Zappa – Athens 1893, by F. Martens</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">L'affaire Zappa – Paris 1894, by G. Streit</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Young-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Young_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Young (1996), p.128</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Young (1996), p.14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Young (1996), 102</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Young (1996), 100–105</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tennis-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-tennis_16-0">16.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-tennis_16-1">16.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oaa.gr/history.asp">History of the Athens Lawn Tennis Club.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100929131456/http://www.oaa.gr/history.asp">Archived</a> 29 September 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English and Greek)</span> – accessed 3 October 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190110014306/http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/maps/GRC_Zea_marina_4635.php">"Zea marina"</a>. <i>World Port Source</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/maps/GRC_Zea_marina_4635.php">the original</a> on 10 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Port+Source&rft.atitle=Zea+marina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldportsource.com%2Fports%2Fmaps%2FGRC_Zea_marina_4635.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFLennartzWassong,_Stephen2004" class="citation book cs1">Lennartz, Karl; Wassong, Stephen (2004). "Athens 1896". In John E. Findling, Kimberly D. Pelle (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QmXi_-Jujj0C&q=1896+games,+cycling"><i>Encyclopedia of the Modern Olympic Movement</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-32278-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-32278-3"><bdi>0-313-32278-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52418065">52418065</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Athens+1896&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Modern+Olympic+Movement&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52418065&rft.isbn=0-313-32278-3&rft.aulast=Lennartz&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft.au=Wassong%2C+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQmXi_-Jujj0C%26q%3D1896%2Bgames%2C%2Bcycling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span>. p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stadia.gr/karaiskaki/karaiskakiold.html">"Velodrome & Karaiskaki Stadium (1895 – 1964 – 2003)"</a>. <i>stadia.gr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stadia.gr&rft.atitle=Velodrome+%26+Karaiskaki+Stadium+%281895+%E2%80%93+1964+%E2%80%93+2003%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstadia.gr%2Fkaraiskaki%2Fkaraiskakiold.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-offrep2004-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-offrep2004_20-0">20.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-offrep2004_20-1">20.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-offrep2004_20-2">20.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080819195306/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/2004/or2004b.pdf">"Official Report 2004, Volume 2"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>digital.la84.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll8/id/43496/rec/84">the original</a> on August 19, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=digital.la84.org&rft.atitle=Official+Report+2004%2C+Volume+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.la84.org%2Fdigital%2Fcollection%2Fp17103coll8%2Fid%2F43496%2Frec%2F84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wallechinsky, David and Jaime Loucky (2008). "Swimming (Men): 100-Meter Freestyle". In <i>The Complete Book of the Olympics: 2008 Edition</i>. London: Aurum Press Limited. pp. 897–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-offrep1986-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-offrep1986_22-0">22.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-offrep1986_22-1">22.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-offrep1986_22-2">22.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-offrep1986_22-3">22.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080527211831/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1896/1896.pdf">"Official Report 1896, Volume 2"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>digital.la84.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll8/id/6403/rec/2">the original</a> on May 27, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=digital.la84.org&rft.atitle=Official+Report+1896%2C+Volume+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.la84.org%2Fdigital%2Fcollection%2Fp17103coll8%2Fid%2F6403%2Frec%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zappeion.gr/en/en_history_4.asp">Zappeion history.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080921072658/http://www.zappeion.gr/en/en_history_4.asp">Archived</a> 21 September 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – accessed 3 October 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Coubertin (1896), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/pageviewer?frames=1&cite=&coll=moa&view=50&root=%2Fmoa%2Fcent%2Fcent0053%2F&tif=00013.TIF&pagenum=42">42</a><br />*Martin–Gynn (2000), 7–8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IOCA-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IOCA_25-0">25.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IOCA_25-1">25.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1896">Athens 1896 – Games of the I Olympiad</a>, International Olympic Committee <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070406062852/http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1896">Archived</a> April 6, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C98-99-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-C98-99_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Coubertin–Philemon–Politis–Anninos (1897), 98–99, 108–109</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sears (2001), 159</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LWC-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-LWC_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Coubertin (1896), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/pageviewer?frames=1&cite=&coll=moa&view=50&root=%2Fmoa%2Fcent%2Fcent0053%2F&tif=00057.TIF&pagenum=46">46–47</a>; Lennartz–Wassong (2004), 23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LW-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LW_29-0">29.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LW_29-1">29.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Lennartz-Wassong (2004), 23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Y148-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Y148_30-0">30.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Y148_30-1">30.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Young (1996), 148</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Young (1996), 151</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CP76,83-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CP76,83_32-0">32.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CP76,83_32-1">32.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Coubertin–Philemon–Politis–Anninos (1897), 76, 83–84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gillmeister (1995), 23–24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C70-71-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-C70-71_34-0">34.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-C70-71_34-1">34.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Coubertin–Philemon–Politis–Anninos (1897), 70–71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Coubertin–Philemon–Politis–Anninos (1897), 93–94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C50-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-C50_36-0">36.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-C50_36-1">36.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Coubertin (1896), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/pageviewer?frames=1&cite=&coll=moa&view=50&root=%2Fmoa%2Fcent%2Fcent0053%2F&tif=00059.TIF&pagenum=50">50</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Young (1996), 156</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1896_Olympic_games_countries.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/1896_Olympic_games_countries.PNG/220px-1896_Olympic_games_countries.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/1896_Olympic_games_countries.PNG/330px-1896_Olympic_games_countries.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/1896_Olympic_games_countries.PNG/440px-1896_Olympic_games_countries.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Countries at the 1896 Olympics</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympic.org/uk/news/almanach_uk.asp">"Almanac of the 18 June"</a>. <i>Almanac of the Day</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Almanac+of+the+Day&rft.atitle=Almanac+of+the+18+June&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fuk%2Fnews%2Falmanach_uk.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928142341/http://www.bgolympic.org/fce/index.shtml?s=001&p=0039&n=000001">"Athens 1896"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_Olympic_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulgarian Olympic Committee (not yet started)">Bulgarian Olympic Committee</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bgolympic.org/fce/index.shtml?s=001&p=0039&n=000001">the original</a> on September 28, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Athens+1896&rft.pub=Bulgarian+Olympic+Committee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bgolympic.org%2Ffce%2Findex.shtml%3Fs%3D001%26p%3D0039%26n%3D000001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFCoubertin1896" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_De_Coubertin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre De Coubertin (not yet started)">Coubertin, Pierre De</a> (November 1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/pageviewer?frames=1&cite=&coll=moa&view=50&root=%2Fmoa%2Fcent%2Fcent0053%2F&tif=00055.TIF&pagenum=39">"The Olympic Games of 1896"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Century_Magazine" title="The Century Magazine">The Century Magazine</a></i>. <b>LIII</b> (1)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Century+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Olympic+Games+of+1896&rft.volume=LIII&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1896-11&rft.aulast=Coubertin&rft.aufirst=Pierre+De&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcdl.library.cornell.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fmoa%2Fpageviewer%3Fframes%3D1%26cite%3D%26coll%3Dmoa%26view%3D50%26root%3D%252Fmoa%252Fcent%252Fcent0053%252F%26tif%3D00055.TIF%26pagenum%3D39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFCoubertin1897" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_De_Coubertin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre De Coubertin (not yet started)">Coubertin, Pierre De</a> (1897). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116065417/http://www.aafla.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1896/1896.pdf"><i>The Olympic Games: BC 776 – AD 1896</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Athens: Charles Beck. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aafla.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1896/1896.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on January 16, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Olympic+Games%3A+BC+776+%E2%80%93+AD+1896&rft.place=Athens&rft.pub=Charles+Beck&rft.date=1897&rft.aulast=Coubertin&rft.aufirst=Pierre+De&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aafla.org%2F6oic%2FOfficialReports%2F1896%2F1896.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFDarling2004" class="citation book cs1">Darling, Janina K. (2004). "Panathenaic Stadium, Athens". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4F-v35--l_gC"><i>Architecture of Greece</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-32152-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-32152-8"><bdi>978-0-313-32152-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/54500822">54500822</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Panathenaic+Stadium%2C+Athens&rft.btitle=Architecture+of+Greece&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F54500822&rft.isbn=978-0-313-32152-8&rft.aulast=Darling&rft.aufirst=Janina+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4F-v35--l_gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Wael" class="citation web cs1">De Wael, Herman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.skynet.be/hermandw/olymp/topath96.html">"Herman's Top Athina 1896 Olympians"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Herman%27s+Top+Athina+1896+Olympians&rft.aulast=De+Wael&rft.aufirst=Herman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusers.skynet.be%2Fhermandw%2Folymp%2Ftopath96.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9901EEDB1431E733A25757C0A96E9C94689ED7CF&oref=slogin">"George Averoff Dead"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. August 4, 1899<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Continuum International Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7185-0195-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7185-0195-2"><bdi>978-0-7185-0195-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/67496016">67496016</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tennis%3A+a+Cultural+History&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F67496016&rft.isbn=978-0-7185-0195-2&rft.aulast=Gillmeister&rft.aufirst=Heiner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D44Vu3DdHFvsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFGillmeister1995" class="citation journal cs1">Gillmeister, Heiner (Winter 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120124043053/http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv3n1/JOHv3n1g.pdf">"Olympic Tennis: Some Afterthoughts"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Citius, Altius, Fortius</i>. <b>3</b> (1): 23–25. 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Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-10042-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-10042-7"><bdi>978-0-231-10042-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/231638134">231638134</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Games+and+Empires%3A+Modern+Sports+and+Cultural+Imperialism&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F231638134&rft.isbn=978-0-231-10042-7&rft.aulast=Guttmann&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYE4fngEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFKyle2007" class="citation book cs1">Kyle, Donald G. 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Olympic Committee of Chile. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coch.cl/museo.htm">the original</a> on July 2, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Presencia+de+Chile+en+los+Juegos+Olimpicos&rft.pub=Olympic+Committee+of+Chile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coch.cl%2Fmuseo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFFindlingPelle2004" class="citation book cs1">Findling, John E.; Pelle, Kimberly D. (2004). "Athens 1896". In John E. Findling, Kimberly D. Pelle (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QmXi_-Jujj0C"><i>Encyclopedia of the Modern Olympic Movement</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-32278-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-32278-5"><bdi>978-0-313-32278-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52418065">52418065</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Athens+1896&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Modern+Olympic+Movement&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52418065&rft.isbn=978-0-313-32278-5&rft.aulast=Findling&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rft.au=Pelle%2C+Kimberly+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQmXi_-Jujj0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMartinGynn2000" class="citation book cs1">Martin, David E.; Gynn, Roger W.H. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+Imported+Sports+on+the+Popular+Culture+of+Nineteenth-+and+Early+Twentieth-Century+Mexico+and+Central+America&rft.btitle=Strange+Pilgrimages%3A+Exile%2C+Travel%2C+and+National+Identity+in+Latin+America&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F237382448&rft.isbn=978-0-8420-2694-9&rft.aulast=Fey&rft.aufirst=Ingrid+Elizabeth&rft.au=Racine%2C+Karen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aafla.org%2F6oic%2FOfficialReports%2F1896%2F1896.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMullins" class="citation web cs1">Mullins, Samuel P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20110218043658/http://www.ioa.leeds.ac.uk/1980s/84099.htm">"Pierre de Coubertin and the Wenlock Olympian Games"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the International Olympic Academy–Selected 1980s Proceedings</i>. University of Leeds. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ioa.leeds.ac.uk/1980s/84099.htm">the original</a> on February 18, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 11,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+International+Olympic+Academy%E2%80%93Selected+1980s+Proceedings&rft.atitle=Pierre+de+Coubertin+and+the+Wenlock+Olympian+Games&rft.aulast=Mullins&rft.aufirst=Samuel+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ioa.leeds.ac.uk%2F1980s%2F84099.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fhw.gr/olympics/ancient/en/304b.html">"Professionals and Amateurs"</a>. <i>From Ancient Olympia to Athens of 1896</i>. Foundation of the Hellenic World<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=From+Ancient+Olympia+to+Athens+of+1896&rft.atitle=Professionals+and+Amateurs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fhw.gr%2Folympics%2Fancient%2Fen%2F304b.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSears2001" class="citation book cs1">Sears, Edward S. (2001). "The Revival of the Olympic Games". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FJRVnwEACAAJ"><i>Running through the Ages</i></a>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-0971-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-0971-6"><bdi>978-0-7864-0971-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/46650949">46650949</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Revival+of+the+Olympic+Games&rft.btitle=Running+through+the+Ages&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F46650949&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-0971-6&rft.aulast=Sears&rft.aufirst=Edward+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFJRVnwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFYoung2004" class="citation book cs1">Young, David C. (July 26, 2004). "The Modern Olympic Games". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hCNtwn24iK8C"><i>A Brief History of the Olympic Games</i></a>. Oxford: Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-1130-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-1130-0"><bdi>978-1-4051-1130-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/54111254">54111254</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Modern+Olympic+Games&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Olympic+Games&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2004-07-26&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F54111254&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-1130-0&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=David+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhCNtwn24iK8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFYoung2003" class="citation book cs1">Young, David C. (January 1, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Occ7PgAACAAJ"><i>The Modern Olympics: A Struggle for Revival</i></a>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-7207-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-7207-5"><bdi>978-0-8018-7207-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Modern+Olympics%3A+A+Struggle+for+Revival&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-7207-5&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=David+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOcc7PgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFZarnowski1992" class="citation journal cs1">Zarnowski, C. Frank (Summer 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225172938/https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll10">"A Look at Olympic Costs"</a>. <i>Citius, Altius, Fortius</i>. <b>1</b> (1): 16–32. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aafla.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n1/JOHv1n1f.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on December 25, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Citius%2C+Altius%2C+Fortius&rft.atitle=A+Look+at+Olympic+Costs&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=16-32&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Zarnowski&rft.aufirst=C.+Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aafla.org%2FSportsLibrary%2FJOH%2FJOHv1n1%2FJOHv1n1f.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="More_reading">More reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Change section: More reading" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: More reading"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg1996" class="citation book cs1">Greenberg, Stan (May 24, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ohtrQgAACAAJ"><i>The Guinness Book of Olympic Facts and Feats</i></a>. Enfield: Guinness. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85112-639-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85112-639-5"><bdi>978-0-85112-639-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/35921786">35921786</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Guinness+Book+of+Olympic+Facts+and+Feats&rft.place=Enfield&rft.pub=Guinness&rft.date=1996-05-24&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F35921786&rft.isbn=978-0-85112-639-5&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Stan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DohtrQgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFKluge1997" class="citation book cs1">Kluge, Volker (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J0ETAQAAIAAJ"><i>Olympische Sommerspiele: die Chronik I</i></a>. Berlin: Sportverlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-328-00715-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-328-00715-9"><bdi>978-3-328-00715-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/38258227">38258227</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Olympische+Sommerspiele%3A+die+Chronik+I&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Sportverlag&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F38258227&rft.isbn=978-3-328-00715-9&rft.aulast=Kluge&rft.aufirst=Volker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ0ETAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFLennartz,_Karl1996" class="citation book cs1">Lennartz, Karl, ed. (1996). <i>Die olympischen Spiele 1896 in Athen: Erläuterungen zum Neudruck des Offiziellen Berichtes</i>. Kassel: Agon.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+olympischen+Spiele+1896+in+Athen%3A+Erl%C3%A4uterungen+zum+Neudruck+des+Offiziellen+Berichtes&rft.place=Kassel&rft.pub=Agon&rft.date=1996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMacAloon,_John_J1982" class="citation book cs1">MacAloon, John J (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thisgreatsymbolp0000maca"><i>This Great Symbol: Pierre de Coubertin and the Origins of the Modern Olympic Games</i></a>. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226500003" title="Special:BookSources/9780226500003"><bdi>9780226500003</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=This+Great+Symbol%3A+Pierre+de+Coubertin+and+the+Origins+of+the+Modern+Olympic+Games&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=The+University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=9780226500003&rft.au=MacAloon%2C+John+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthisgreatsymbolp0000maca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMallonWidlund1998" class="citation book cs1">Mallon, Bill; Widlund, Ture (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120912011724/http://www.aafla.org/6oic/OfficialReports/Mallon/1896.pdf"><i>The 1896 Olympic Games. Results for All Competitors in All Events, with Commentary</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Jefferson: McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-0379-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-0379-0"><bdi>978-0-7864-0379-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/37213664">37213664</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aafla.org/6oic/OfficialReports/Mallon/1896.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 12, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+1896+Olympic+Games.+Results+for+All+Competitors+in+All+Events%2C+with+Commentary&rft.place=Jefferson&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F37213664&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-0379-0&rft.aulast=Mallon&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.au=Widlund%2C+Ture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aafla.org%2F6oic%2FOfficialReports%2FMallon%2F1896.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2004" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Michael Llewellyn (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tGrFQgAACAAJ"><i>Olympics in Athens 1896. The Invention of the Modern Olympic Games</i></a>. London: Profile Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86197-342-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86197-342-9"><bdi>978-1-86197-342-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/186174794">186174794</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Olympics+in+Athens+1896.+The+Invention+of+the+Modern+Olympic+Games&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Profile+Books&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F186174794&rft.isbn=978-1-86197-342-9&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Michael+Llewellyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtGrFQgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFWallechinsky2000" class="citation book cs1">Wallechinsky, David (August 1, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-VKUQgAACAAJ"><i>The Complete Book of the Summer Olympics</i></a>. Woodstock: Overlook Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58567-033-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58567-033-8"><bdi>978-1-58567-033-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/43561597">43561597</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Book+of+the+Summer+Olympics&rft.place=Woodstock&rft.pub=Overlook+Press&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43561597&rft.isbn=978-1-58567-033-8&rft.aulast=Wallechinsky&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-VKUQgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFRandall,_David2011" class="citation book cs1">Randall, David (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111209003424/http://www.1896olympics.com/"><i>1896 The first Modern Olympics</i></a>. London: Blacktoad Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9570591-0-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9570591-0-8"><bdi>978-0-9570591-0-8</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1896olympics.com/">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(ebook)</span> on 2011-12-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1896+The+first+Modern+Olympics&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Blacktoad+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-9570591-0-8&rft.au=Randall%2C+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1896olympics.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1896_Summer_Olympics" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1896 Summer Olympics">1896 Summer Olympics</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/athens-1896">IOC page for the 1896 Summer Olympics</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles 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class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30px_Olympic_Games" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #DDEBFF;background: #BFD7FF"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122447">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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style="background: #DDEBFF;background: #D5E6FF"><div id="*_Participating_nations_*_IOC_**_NOCs_**_Country_codes_**_Pierre_de_Coubertin_medal"> <ul><li>Participating nations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">IOC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="National Olympic Committee">NOCs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_IOC_country_codes" title="List of IOC country codes">Country codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin_medal" title="Pierre de Coubertin medal">Pierre de Coubertin medal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games" title="Summer Olympic Games">Summer<br />Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9467161"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1896 Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics" title="1900 Summer Olympics">1900 Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Summer_Olympics" title="1904 Summer Olympics">1904 St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Summer_Olympics" title="1908 Summer Olympics">1908 London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Summer_Olympics" title="1912 Summer Olympics">1912 Stockholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Summer_Olympics" title="1916 Summer Olympics"><span style="color:gray">1916</span></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Summer_Olympics" title="1920 Summer Olympics">1920 Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympics" title="1924 Summer Olympics">1924 Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Summer_Olympics" title="1928 Summer Olympics">1928 Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Summer_Olympics" title="1932 Summer Olympics">1932 Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics" title="1936 Summer Olympics">1936 Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Summer_Olympics" title="1940 Summer Olympics"><span style="color:gray">1940</span></a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Summer_Olympics" title="1944 Summer Olympics"><span style="color:gray">1944</span></a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics" title="1948 Summer Olympics">1948 London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics" title="1952 Summer Olympics">1952 Helsinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Summer_Olympics" title="1956 Summer Olympics">1956 Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Summer_Olympics" title="1960 Summer Olympics">1960 Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics" title="1964 Summer Olympics">1964 Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics" title="1968 Summer Olympics">1968 Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics" title="1972 Summer Olympics">1972 Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics" title="1976 Summer Olympics">1976 Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics" title="1980 Summer Olympics">1980 Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics" title="1984 Summer Olympics">1984 Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics" title="1988 Summer Olympics">1988 Seoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics" title="1992 Summer Olympics">1992 Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics" title="1996 Summer Olympics">1996 Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics" title="2000 Summer Olympics">2000 Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics" title="2016 Summer Olympics">2016 Rio de Janeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics" title="2020 Summer Olympics">2020 Tokyo</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2024_Summer_Olympics" title="2024 Summer Olympics">2024 Paris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics" title="2028 Summer Olympics">2028 Los Angeles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2032_Summer_Olympics" title="2032 Summer Olympics">2032 Brisbane</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Olympic rings"><img alt="Olympic rings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/100px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/150px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/200px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games" title="Winter Olympic Games">Winter<br /> Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even plainlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9467161"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1924_Winter_Olympics" title="1924 Winter Olympics">1924 Chamonix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Winter_Olympics" title="1928 Winter Olympics">1928 St. Moritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Winter_Olympics" title="1932 Winter Olympics">1932 Lake Placid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Winter_Olympics" title="1936 Winter Olympics">1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Winter_Olympics" title="1940 Winter Olympics"><span style="color:gray">1940</span></a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Winter_Olympics" title="1944 Winter Olympics"><span style="color:gray">1944</span></a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Winter_Olympics" title="1948 Winter Olympics">1948 St. Moritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Winter_Olympics" title="1952 Winter Olympics">1952 Oslo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Winter_Olympics" title="1956 Winter Olympics">1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Winter_Olympics" title="1960 Winter Olympics">1960 Squaw Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Winter_Olympics" title="1964 Winter Olympics">1964 Innsbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Winter_Olympics" title="1968 Winter Olympics">1968 Grenoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Winter_Olympics" title="1972 Winter Olympics">1972 Sapporo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Winter_Olympics" title="1976 Winter Olympics">1976 Innsbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Winter_Olympics" title="1980 Winter Olympics">1980 Lake Placid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Winter_Olympics" title="1984 Winter Olympics">1984 Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Winter_Olympics" title="1988 Winter Olympics">1988 Calgary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Winter_Olympics" title="1992 Winter Olympics">1992 Albertville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Winter_Olympics" title="1994 Winter Olympics">1994 Lillehammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics" title="1998 Winter Olympics">1998 Nagano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics" title="2002 Winter Olympics">2002 Salt Lake City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics" title="2006 Winter Olympics">2006 Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">2010 Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics" title="2014 Winter Olympics">2014 Sochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics" title="2018 Winter Olympics">2018 Pyeongchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics" title="2022 Winter Olympics">2022 Beijing</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2026_Winter_Olympics" title="2026 Winter Olympics">2026 Milan Cortina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2030_Winter_Olympics" title="2030 Winter Olympics">2030 French Alps</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2034_Winter_Olympics" title="2034 Winter Olympics">2034 Salt Lake City-Utah</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background: #DDEBFF;background: #D5E6FF"><div> <ul><li><sup>†</sup><i>Cancelled due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></i></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><i>Cancelled due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></i></li> <li><sup>§</sup><i>Postponed to 2021 due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a></i><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">Ancient Olympic Games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1906_Intercalated_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="1906 Intercalated Games">1906 Intercalated Games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paralympic_Games" title="Paralympic Games">Paralympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Olympic_Games" title="Youth Olympic Games">Youth Olympic Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122492"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30px_Venues_of_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_(Athens)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122447"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1896_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Template:1896 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:1896_Summer_Olympic_venues&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:1896 Summer Olympic venues (not yet started)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:1896_Summer_Olympic_venues&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px_Venues_of_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_(Athens)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/30px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/45px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/60px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Venues">Venues</a> of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1896 Summer Olympics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens_Lawn_Tennis_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athens Lawn Tennis Club (not yet started)">Athens Lawn Tennis Club</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bay_of_Zea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bay of Zea (not yet started)">Bay of Zea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallithea" title="Kallithea">Kallithea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathon,_Greece" title="Marathon, Greece">Marathon (city)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo_Phaliron_Velodrome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neo Phaliron Velodrome (not yet started)">Neo Phaliron Velodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panathenaic_Stadium" title="Panathenaic Stadium">Panathenaic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zappeion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zappeion (not yet started)">Zappeion</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:At_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_of_Athens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/At_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_of_Athens.jpg/75px-At_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_of_Athens.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/At_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_of_Athens.jpg/113px-At_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_of_Athens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/At_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_of_Athens.jpg/150px-At_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_of_Athens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122492"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30px_Events_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_(Athens)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122447"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Events_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Template:Events at the 1896 Summer Olympics"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Events_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Events at the 1896 Summer Olympics (not yet started)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Events_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px_Events_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_(Athens)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/30px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/45px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/60px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:1896_Summer_Olympics_events" title="Category:1896 Summer Olympics events">Events</a> at the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1896 Summer Olympics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Fencing at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Fencing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics (not yet started)">Gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shooting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shooting at the 1896 Summer Olympics (not yet started)">Shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennis_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tennis at the 1896 Summer Olympics (not yet started)">Tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weightlifting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weightlifting at the 1896 Summer Olympics (not yet started)">Weightlifting</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wrestling_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wrestling at the 1896 Summer Olympics (not yet started)">Wrestling</a></li></ul> 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