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href=\"/wiki/Wikipedija:Mjesec_Azije/2024\" title=\"Wikipedija:Mjesec Azije/2024\"\u003EMjesec Azije\u003C/a\u003E. \u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sajt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kratka_povijest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kratka_povijest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kratka povijest</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kratka_povijest-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Kratka povijest</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kratka_povijest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dolazak_prvih_Slavena_-_Veliko_Moravsko_Carstvo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dolazak_prvih_Slavena_-_Veliko_Moravsko_Carstvo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Dolazak prvih Slavena - Veliko Moravsko Carstvo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dolazak_prvih_Slavena_-_Veliko_Moravsko_Carstvo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dinastija_Přemyslid_–_pojava_Čeha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dinastija_Přemyslid_–_pojava_Čeha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Dinastija Přemyslid – pojava Čeha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dinastija_Přemyslid_–_pojava_Čeha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Procvat_-_Karlo_IV." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Procvat_-_Karlo_IV."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Procvat - Karlo IV.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Procvat_-_Karlo_IV.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Husiti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Husiti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Husiti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Husiti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Habsburgovci" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habsburgovci"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Habsburgovci</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Habsburgovci-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nacionalni_preporod" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nacionalni_preporod"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Nacionalni preporod</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nacionalni_preporod-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prva_republika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prva_republika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Prva republika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prva_republika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Komunistička_vladavina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Komunistička_vladavina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Komunistička vladavina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Komunistička_vladavina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Česi_danas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Česi_danas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Česi danas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Česi_danas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Život_i_običaji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Život_i_običaji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Život i običaji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Život_i_običaji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_veze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_veze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vanjske veze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_veze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Česi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prijedi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupno je na 79 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjegge" title="Tsjegge — Afrikanerski" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tsjegge" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikanerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checos" title="Checos — Aragonežanski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Checos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonežanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83" title="تشيك — Arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تشيك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83_(%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="تشيك (مجموعه عرقيه فى تشيكيا) — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشيك (مجموعه عرقيه فى تشيكيا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Чехал — Avarski" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Чехал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87exl%C9%99r" title="Çexlər — Azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çexlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="چک‌لر — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چک‌لر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cek%C4%81_(tauta)" title="Čekā (tauta) — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Čekā (tauta)" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%96" title="Чэхі — Beloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чэхі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Beloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%96" title="Чэхі — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чэхі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_C%C3%A8k" title="Orang Cèk — Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Orang Cèk" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Чехи — Bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чехи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="चेक लोग — Biharski" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="चेक लोग" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Biharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesi" title="Česi — Bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Česi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txecs" title="Txecs — Katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Txecs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Чехаш — Čečenski" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Чехаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Čečenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%A4%E1%8E%A9" title="ᎠᏂᏤᎩ — Čeroki" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏂᏤᎩ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Čeroki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1i" title="Češi — Češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Češi" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%94%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Чєси — Staroslovenski" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Чєси" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Staroslovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Чехсем — Čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чехсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsieciaid" title="Tsieciaid — Velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tsieciaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjekker" title="Tjekker — Danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tjekker" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechen" title="Tschechen — Nemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tschechen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%AD%CF%87%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Τσέχοι — Grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τσέχοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs — Engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Czechs" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88e%C4%A5oj" title="Ĉeĥoj — Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉeĥoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_checo" title="Pueblo checo — Španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo checo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1ehhid" title="Tšehhid — Estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tšehhid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txekiar" title="Txekiar — Baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txekiar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85_%DA%86%DA%A9" title="مردم چک — Persijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مردم چک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1ekit" title="Tšekit — Finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tšekit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tch%C3%A8ques" title="Tchèques — Francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tchèques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seicigh" title="Seicigh — Irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Seicigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_Seicich" title="Na Seicich — Škotski Galski" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Na Seicich" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Škotski Galski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_checo" title="Pobo checo — Galski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo checo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D" title="צ'כים — Hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'כים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesi" title="Česi — Hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Česi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1a" title="Češa — Gornji sorbijski" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Češa" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Gornji sorbijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csehek" title="Csehek — Mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csehek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A5%D5%AD%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Չեխեր — Jermenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չեխեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Jermenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Ceko" title="Orang Ceko — Indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Ceko" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cechi" title="Cechi — Italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cechi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B3%E4%BA%BA" title="チェコ人 — Japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チェコ人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ჩეხები — Gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩეხები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolma_Ceko" title="Jolma Ceko — Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jolma Ceko" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Чехтар — Kozački" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Чехтар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kozački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%B4%EC%BD%94%EC%9D%B8" title="체코인 — Korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="체코인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ekyay%C3%AE" title="Çekyayî — Kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çekyayî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Чехтер — Kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Чехтер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemi" title="Bohemi — Latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bohemi" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjeche" title="Tsjeche — Limburgiš" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Tsjeche" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cekai" title="Čekai — Litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Čekai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cehi" title="Čehi — Letonski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Čehi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Чеси — Makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чеси" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechen" title="Tsjechen — Holandski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tsjechen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Holandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjekkere" title="Tsjekkere — Norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tsjekkere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%BC" title="Чехаг адæм — Osetski" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Чехаг адæм" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osetski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czesi" title="Czesi — Poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czesi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%90%DA%A9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="چېکيان — Paštunski" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="چېکيان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Paštunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checos" title="Checos — Portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Checos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cehi" title="Cehi — Rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cehi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Чехи — Ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чехи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%8B" title="Чехы — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Чехы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Czechs" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesi" title="Česi — Slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Česi" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cehi" title="Čehi — Slovenački" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Čehi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ek%C3%ABt" title="Çekët — Albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Çekët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Чеси — Srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чеси" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjecker" title="Tjecker — Švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tjecker" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechy_(nacyj%C5%8F)" title="Czechy (nacyjŏ) — Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Czechy (nacyjŏ)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ekler" title="Çekler — Turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çekler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Чехлар — Tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Чехлар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Чехи — Ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чехи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chexlar" title="Chexlar — Uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Chexlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_S%C3%A9c" title="Người Séc — Vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Séc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="捷克人 — Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="捷克人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ჩეხეფი — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩეხეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="捷克人 — Kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="捷克人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="捷克人 — kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="捷克人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q170217#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezične poveznice" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cesi" title="Vidi stranicu sadržaja [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor:%C4%8Cesi" rel="discussion" 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class="vector-menu-heading"> Štampanje/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Kolekcija&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%C4%8Cesi"><span>Napravi knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=%C4%8Cesi&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesi&printable=yes" title="Odštampajte ovu stranicu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Odštampaj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na drugim projektima </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Czechs" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q170217" title="Pogledajte povezanu stavku u skladištu podataka [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodacima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><div id="mw-content-subtitle" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><p><b>Česi</b> (<a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ki_jezik" title="Češki jezik">češ.</a> <i>Češi</i>) su zapadnoslavenski narod nastanjen u <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ka" title="Češka">Češkoj</a> (9,524,000). Od drugih državama najviše ih ima u Sjedinjenim Državama (1,474,000), <a href="/wiki/Slova%C4%8Dka" title="Slovačka">Slovačkoj</a> (59,000), <a href="/wiki/Srbija_i_Crna_Gora" title="Srbija i Crna Gora">Srbiji i Crnoj Gori</a> (40,000), <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanadi</a> (34,000), <a href="/wiki/Ukrajina" title="Ukrajina">Ukrajini</a> (20,000), <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Njemačka">Njemačkoj</a> (19,000), <a href="/wiki/Australija" title="Australija">Australiji</a> (18,000), <a href="/wiki/Rumunjska" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumunjska">Rumunjskoj</a> (14,000), <a href="/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska">Francuskoj</a> (14,000), Hrvatskoj (11,000), <a href="/wiki/Ujedinjeno_Kraljevstvo" title="Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo">Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu</a> (10,000) i drugdje. Od ukupno 21 države u kojima sve žive najmanje ih je u <a href="/wiki/Moldavija" title="Moldavija">Moldaviji</a> (600). Svih skupa ima ih blizu 12 milijuna. Česi su <a href="/wiki/Kr%C5%A1%C4%87ani" class="mw-redirect" title="Kršćani">kršćani</a> još od <a href="/wiki/16._stolje%C4%87e" class="mw-redirect" title="16. stoljeće">16. stoljeća</a>, danas im je utemeljena nacionalna crkva na husitskim načelima (<i>Církev československá husitská</i>) i evangelističke ( <i>Českobratrská církev evangelická</i>, i šleska luteranska <i>Slezská evangelická církev a.v.</i>). Pravi Česi danas u Češkoj naseljavaju područje Istočne, Središnje, Sjeverne i Zapadne Bohemije, odnosno u zapadnoj Češkoj. Među njima ipak se običajima i govoru razlikuju <a href="/wiki/Moravci" class="mw-disambig" title="Moravci">Moravci</a> i <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0lesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Šlesi">Šlesi</a>, u istočnoj Češkoj, koji također nose i posebna imena. Kod pravih zapadnih Čeha (Bohemaca) isto postoji nekoliko lokalni etničkih zajednica: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chodov%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chodové (stranica ne postoji)">Chodové</a> u kraju Chodsko (oko Domažlica), i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bla%C5%A5%C3%A1ci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blaťáci (stranica ne postoji)">Blaťáci</a> na jugoistoku Blata. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ime">Ime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odjeljak Ime" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesi&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ime"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Porijeklo imena Česi je pod debatom i pokušava se objasniti na različite načine. Prema Slavíku Jagiću, kratica je od imena kao što su Čestislav ili Česta. Hošek smatra da je neobična izvedenica od člověk, pa bi trebala značiti 'ljudi'. Ako se osvrnemo na druge jezike i narode vidjet ćemo da u lezgijskom jeziku (pripada kavkaskima) 'čih' znači čovjek, a kod <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cerkezi" title="Čerkezi">Čerkeza</a> ima i pleme <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dzih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dzih (stranica ne postoji)">Dzih</a>. N. Županić, vjerojatno zbog ovoga, pa i još neki tražili su porijeklo čeških predaka među kavkaskim narodima. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Felipe_Fern%C3%A1ndez-Armesto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Felipe Fernández-Armesto (stranica ne postoji)">Felipe Fernández-Armesto</a> međutim tvrdi, da su preci Čeha došli na sadašnje područje negdje od 3. do 6. stoljeća, u jednoj od seoba iz Srednje Azije. Etnonim Dzih, lezgijska riječ 'čih' i češka 'Čech'; u pl Češi ili Čechové, svakako su slične, ali je pitanje jesu li iz istog porijekla ili su sasvim slučajne Mnogi narodi i dan-danas, nose kao vlastite, imena koji su im nakalemili drugi narodi, koji su manje ili više bili s njima u kontaktu. Česi danas sebe nazivaju Češi dok su na engleskom jeziku nazivani Czechs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kratka_povijest">Kratka povijest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odjeljak Kratka povijest" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesi&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Kratka povijest"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dolazak_prvih_Slavena_-_Veliko_Moravsko_Carstvo">Dolazak prvih Slavena - Veliko Moravsko Carstvo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odjeljak Dolazak prvih Slavena - Veliko Moravsko Carstvo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesi&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Dolazak prvih Slavena - Veliko Moravsko Carstvo"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Povijest Čeha započinje |Velikim Moravskim Carstvom (Velkomoravská říše; Engl. Great Moravian Empire) koje je oko <a href="/wiki/830" title="830">830</a>. utemeljeno u području duž rijeke <a href="/wiki/Morava" class="mw-disambig" title="Morava">Morave</a>, pritoke <a href="/wiki/Dunav" title="Dunav">Dunava</a>. Utemeljitelj <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mojmir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mojmir (stranica ne postoji)">Mojmir</a> postepeno širi carstvo preko današnje Bohemije, |Slovačke, južne <a href="/wiki/Poljska" title="Poljska">Poljske</a> i zapadne <a href="/wiki/Ma%C4%91arska" title="Mađarska">Mađarske</a>. </p><p>Prvotni stanovnici do doseljenja Slavena bili su pak <a href="/wiki/Kelti" title="Kelti">Kelti</a> iz plemena Boii koji su tu obitavali negdje od 4. stoljeća prije Krista i iz čijeg je imena nastala riječ <a href="/wiki/Bohemija" class="mw-disambig" title="Bohemija">Bohemija</a>. Navala Germani|Germana pritjerala je Boje, a već u 6. stoljeću naseljavaju je prvi Slaveni. Potrebno je ovdje dodati da je u <a href="/wiki/7._stolje%C4%87e" class="mw-redirect" title="7. stoljeće">7. stolječu</a> franački trgovac <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1mo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sámo (stranica ne postoji)">Sámo</a>, ujedinio slavenska plemena pod svoje carstvo i potukao |Avare na današnjem području Mađarske. Mojmirov nasljednik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rostislav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rostislav (stranica ne postoji)">Rostislav</a> u strahu od germanskog utjecaja zatražio je od bizantskog cara da mu pošalje dvojicu misionara, poslao mu je <a href="/wiki/%C4%86iril_i_Metod" class="mw-redirect" title="Ćiril i Metod">Ćirila (Cyril) i Metoda</a> da šire Istočno kršćanstvo. Ovi standardizovaše postojeće slovensko pismo i nazvaše ga ćirilica koje je u različitim oblicima još u upotrijebi u <a href="/wiki/Bugarska" title="Bugarska">Srbiji, Mskedoniji, Bugarskoj</a> i <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusiji</a>. Nakon Ćirilove smrti <a href="/wiki/885" title="885">885</a>. usvojena je rimokatolička religija a ćirilični alfabet zamijenjen je latinicom. Veliko Moravsko Carstvo uskoro propada, godine <a href="/wiki/907" title="907">907</a>. stižu stepski ratnici Mađari. </p><p><i>Popis čeških plemena:</i> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chorwaci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chorwaci (stranica ne postoji)">Chorwaci</a> (Charváti; bez sumnje Hrvati), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deczanie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deczanie (stranica ne postoji)">Deczanie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dulebowie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dulebowie (stranica ne postoji)">Dulebowie</a> (Duljebi), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemuzowie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lemuzowie (stranica ne postoji)">Lemuzowie</a> (Lemuzi), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litomierzyce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litomierzyce (stranica ne postoji)">Litomierzyce</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%81uczanie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Łuczanie (stranica ne postoji)">Łuczanie</a> (Lučané), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pszowianie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pszowianie (stranica ne postoji)">Pszowianie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siedliczanie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siedliczanie (stranica ne postoji)">Siedliczanie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zliczanie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zliczanie (stranica ne postoji)">Zliczanie</a> (Zličania). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dinastija_Přemyslid_–_pojava_Čeha"><span id="Dinastija_P.C5.99emyslid_.E2.80.93_pojava_.C4.8Ceha"></span>Dinastija Přemyslid – pojava Čeha</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odjeljak Dinastija Přemyslid – pojava Čeha" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesi&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Dinastija Přemyslid – pojava Čeha"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Propašću Velikog Moravskog Carstva češkom zemljom zavladala je dinastija <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C5%99emyslid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Přemyslid (stranica ne postoji)">Přemyslid</a> kojn vlada od 9. stoljeća do <a href="/wiki/1306" title="1306">1306</a>. Oko <a href="/wiki/880" title="880">880</a>. princ Bořivoj utemeljuje Praški kastel, grade se crkve i <a href="/wiki/973" title="973">973</a>. utemeljuje Praška biskupija. Češka napreduje u vremenu Přemyslida, i kulturno i ekonomski i politički. Godine 1085 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vratislav_II.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vratislav II. (stranica ne postoji)">Vratislav II.</a> postaje prvi češki kralj. <a href="/wiki/Prag" title="Prag">Prag</a> svom razvoju zahvaljuje poziciji važnog raskršća nekoliko trgovačkih putova. Godine <a href="/wiki/1172" title="1172">1172</a>. preko rijeke <a href="/wiki/Vltava" title="Vltava">Vltave</a> gradi se prvi kameni most (Juditin most; Judith Bridge) na mjestu kojega je kasnije izgrađen Karlův most. Stari grad (Staré město) izgrađen je <a href="/wiki/1234" title="1234">1234</a>. a Mali Grad (Malá Strana) <a href="/wiki/1257" title="1257">1257</a>. godine. Tokom kraljevanja <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C5%99emysl_Otakar_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Přemysl Otakar II (stranica ne postoji)">Přemysla Otakara II</a> sredinom 13. stoljeća , Češko kraljevstvo širi se osobito prema <a href="/wiki/Mediteran" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediteran">Mediteranu</a>. Njihova dinastija završava smrću Wenceslasa III, <a href="/wiki/1306" title="1306">1306</a>. godine. Oni su dali temelje nastanku Češke i češkog naroda. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Procvat_-_Karlo_IV.">Procvat - Karlo IV.</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odjeljak Procvat - Karlo IV." class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesi&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Procvat - Karlo IV."><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dinastija Přemyslid nestaje sa scene, na češki tron zasjeo je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Lucembursk%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Lucemburský (stranica ne postoji)">Jan Lucemburský</a> (John of Luxembourg) koji počinje voditi zemlju od <a href="/wiki/1310" title="1310">1310</a>. do <a href="/wiki/1346" title="1346">1346</a>. Tokom tog perioda Češka se širi a Prag se razvija, utemeljuju se 1320. poznati Hradčany. Karlo IV je Janov sin i u njegovo doba Češka zemlja doživljava Zlatno doba svoje povijesti. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlo_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karlo IV (stranica ne postoji)">Karlo IV</a> bio je visoko-obrazovani čovjek, poliglota koji se služi s pet jezika, izvrstan diplomat i vrlo dobar kralj. Utemeljitelj je <a href="/wiki/Prag" title="Prag">Praga</a> koji postaje kulturno središte središnje <a href="/wiki/Europa" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa">Europe</a> i jedan od najprosperitetnijih gradova svog vremena. U zemlji službeni jezik postaje češki zajedno s njemačkim i latinskim. Pozicija <a href="/wiki/Bohemija" class="mw-disambig" title="Bohemija">Bohemije</a> je čvrsta. Karlo IV nastavlja s gradnjom, među njima i veoma poznata <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katedr%C3%A1la_svat%C3%A9ho_V%C3%ADta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katedrála svatého Víta (stranica ne postoji)">Katedrála svatého Víta</a> (St. Vitus Cathedral), na mjestu Juditinog mosta gradi se Karlov most. Karla IV prozvali su 'ocem češkog naroda'. Nakon njegove smrti na tronu je Wenceslas IV. Čehe čekaju <a href="/wiki/Husitski_ratovi" title="Husitski ratovi">Husitski ratovi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Husiti">Husiti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesi&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odjeljak Husiti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesi&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Husiti"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Petnaesto stoljeće obilježeno je konfliktima između protestanata i katolika. Na početku stoljeća, reformistički pokret počinje vodstvom svećenika <a href="/wiki/Jan_Hus" title="Jan Hus">Jana Husa</a>, koji je počeo govoriti protiv korupcije u katoličkoj crkvi, zbog čega su ga <a href="/wiki/1415" title="1415">1415</a>. spalili na lomači. Ubojstvo Husa potaknulo je njegove sljedbenike na masovne proteste, njih danas poznajemo kao <a href="/wiki/Husiti" title="Husiti">Husite</a>. Godine <a href="/wiki/1419" title="1419">1419</a>. dolazi do poznate prve <a href="/wiki/Pra%C5%A1ka_defenestracija" title="Praška defenestracija">Praške defenestracije</a> (manje poznata riječ, od Lat. de + Fenestra = prozor; doslovno izbaciti kroz prozor) kada Husiti izbacuju kroz prozor gradske vijećnice sedmoricu vijećnika (<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.s-3gim.mb.edus.si/GVS/GVS/sjk/neumetnostno/defenestr.htm">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050913201442/http://www.s-3gim.mb.edus.si/gvs/gvs/sjk/neumetnostno/defenestr.htm">Arhivirano</a> 2005-09-13 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a>). Započinje religijski rat od <a href="/wiki/1420" title="1420">1420</a>. do <a href="/wiki/1434" title="1434">1434</a>. Uništeni su mnogi povijesni artefakti i literatura. Na koncu konflikti završavaju. Husitski protestanti <a href="/wiki/1458" title="1458">1458</a>. biraju novog kralja, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_z_Pod%C4%9Bbrad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiří z Poděbrad (stranica ne postoji)">Jiří z Poděbrad</a> (Juraj Podjebradski), Jiří se pokazao dobar, vodi politiku mira i nastoji ujediniti cijelu Europu u jednu naciju mira. Poslije njegove smrti <a href="/wiki/Protestanti" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestanti">protestanti</a> i katolici življaše u miru. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Habsburgovci">Habsburgovci</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesi&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odjeljak Habsburgovci" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesi&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Habsburgovci"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ferdinand I. Habsburški mijenja na češkom tronu Lufwiga Jagellona, koji je poginuo u bici 1526. godine. Ovime započinje nova etapa u životu Čeha i Češke. Habsburgoci su vladali sve do kraja Prvog svjetskog rata, odnosno <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>. Glavni grad postaje Beč, a Prag postaje rekreativno središte, Rekonstruira se u renesansnom stilu i gradi Kraljevski vrt, 'Belvedere'. Godine <a href="/wiki/1576" title="1576">1576</a>. na prijestolju je <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II" title="Rudolf II">Rudolf II</a> koji ponovno svu moć države preseljava u Prag. Ponovno dolazi Zlatno češko doba. Rudolf je zainteresiran samo za umjetnost i nauku i ne troši mnogo svoga vremena na kraljevske dužnosti. Prag postaje centar nauke i alkemije. Iz tog vremena potječe i legenda o <a href="/wiki/Golem" title="Golem">Golemu</a> (biće od gline koje šiti Židove od progroma, vidi Kabala i Rabbi Loew), posjećuju ga i znanstvenici <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tycho_de_Brahe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tycho de Brahe (stranica ne postoji)">Tycho de Brahe</a> i <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannes Kepler</a>. U vrijeme Rudolfovog nasljednika Matthiasa dolazi do Druge defenestracije u Pragu (1618). Kroz prozor je ovaj puta izletjelo nekoliko Mathiasovih guvernera ali su sletjeli na hrpu smeća i preživjeli. Protesti kulminiraju Bitkom na Bijelim planinama (bitva na Bílé hoře; Battle of the White Mountain ) <a href="/wiki/1620" title="1620">1620</a>. u kojoj su ih Habsburgovci dobro potukli. Ipak ova bitka rezultira <a href="/wiki/Tridesetogodi%C5%A1nji_rat" title="Tridesetogodišnji rat">Tridesetogodišnjim ratom</a>. 27 protestantskih vođa smaknuto je Starom gradskom trgu u petom mjesecu 1621. godine. Sve religije , osim katoličke, stavljene su izvan zakona. Sve religije, osim katoličke, stavljene su izvan zakona. Češki jezik i nacionalna samosvijest gušene su sljedećih sto-pedeset godina. Prag gubi na važnost. Čehe čeka 'doba tame' ('doba temna'). Godine poboljšanja startaju tek dolaskom Marije Terezije (Marie-Thérèse) koja je na vlasti Austrijskog carstva od <a href="/wiki/1740" title="1740">1740</a>. do 1780. Ona i njezin sin Joseph II (<a href="/wiki/1780" title="1780">1780</a>.-<a href="/wiki/1790" title="1790">1790</a>.) donose neke reforme , među kojima i, redukcije crkvene sile i protjerivanjem (1773) Isusovaca iz zemlje i izdavanjem 'Edikta tolerancije' <a href="/wiki/1781" title="1781">1781</a>. godine, koje garantiraju politička i religiozna prava vjerskih manjina. Četiri nezavisna urbana područja Praga (Stari grad, Malá Strana, Hradčany i Novi grad) su ujedinjeni su pod Josephom II . Godine <a href="/wiki/1787" title="1787">1787</a>. grad posjećuje <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a>, gost je Dušeka (Dušeki), vodećih čeških glazbenika u njihovoj vili Bertramka (<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.bertramka.cz/nabidka_en.asp">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050330093118/http://www.bertramka.cz/nabidka_en.asp">Arhivirano</a> 2005-03-30 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a>). Njegova opera <a href="/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni">Don Giovanni</a> ima premijeru u Državnom kazalištu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nacionalni_preporod">Nacionalni preporod</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesi&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odjeljak Nacionalni preporod" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesi&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Nacionalni preporod"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nacionalni pokret (národní obrození) započinje krajem 18. stoljeća, pokušava se u život opet povratiti češki jezik, kultura i nacionalni identitet. Ovome se osobito posvećuje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Jungmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Jungmann (stranica ne postoji)">Josef Jungmann</a>. On nastoji uvesti češki jezik u škole, na drugoj strani povjesničar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franti%C5%A1ek_Palack%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="František Palacký (stranica ne postoji)">František Palacký</a> piše 'Povijest Češkog naroda; History of the Czech People). Češki jezik vraća se u život novelisticom <a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%BEena_N%C4%9Bmcov%C3%A1" title="Božena Němcová">Božena Němcová</a>, tu su i pjesnik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karel_Hynek_M%C3%A1cha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karel Hynek Mácha (stranica ne postoji)">Karel Hynek Mácha</a>, politički kolumnist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karel_Havl%C3%AD%C4%8Dek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karel Havlíček (stranica ne postoji)">Karel Havlíček</a> Borovský i drugi. Prvi rječnik češkog jezika (Czech-German Dictionary) sastavio je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Jungmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Jungmann (stranica ne postoji)">Josef Jungmann</a> izdan u pet tomova (svezaka) od 1834. do 1839. Otvaraju se češke institucije,; Nacionalno kazalište (1883) i Nacionalni muzej (1890). Industrija napreduje, grade se tvornice. Godine <a href="/wiki/1845" title="1845">1845</a>. Otvorena je pruga između Beča i <a href="/wiki/Prag" title="Prag">Praga</a>. Rastuća industrija rezultira i porastom praške urbane populacije koja dolazi sa sela. Početak je kraja habzburške dinastije ubojstvo Franca Ferdinanda 1914. Na vrata Europe kuca Prvi svjetski rat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prva_republika">Prva republika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesi&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odjeljak Prva republika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesi&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Prva republika"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nakon <a href="/wiki/Prvi_svjetski_rat" title="Prvi svjetski rat">Prvog svjetskog rata</a> raspala se <a href="/wiki/Austro-Ugarska" title="Austro-Ugarska">Austro-Ugarska</a>, a 28. listopada <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>. godine Česi i <a href="/wiki/Slovaci" title="Slovaci">Slovaci</a> se udružuju u zajedničku državu <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cehoslova%C4%8Dka" title="Čehoslovačka">Čehoslovačku</a> s glavnim gradom <a href="/wiki/Prag" title="Prag">Pragom</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Masaryk" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomáš Masaryk">Tomáš Masaryk</a> postaje prvi predsjednik. Ovaj period između dva svjetska rata povjesničari nazivaju <i><b>Prva republika</b></i> ("The First Republic"). Čehoslovačka ima parlamentarnu demokraciju, ekonomija joj je među najjačima na svijetu. Sredinom 1930-tih <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sudetski_Nijemci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sudetski Nijemci (stranica ne postoji)">Sudetski Nijemci</a> u graničnom području Češke počinju tražiti autonomiju. U rujnu <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a>. godine <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Njemačka">Njemačka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Velika_Britanija" class="mw-disambig" title="Velika Britanija">Velika Britanija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska">Francuska</a> i <a href="/wiki/Italija" title="Italija">Italija</a> potpisuju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minhenski_pakt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minhenski pakt (stranica ne postoji)">Minhenski pakt</a> kojim se daje pravo okupacije graničnog područja Čehoslovačke. Česi su ogorčeni, odlučuje se bez njih, gorko su upamtili frazu 'o nama, bez nas' (O nás bez nás). Dana <a href="/wiki/15._o%C5%BEujka" class="mw-redirect" title="15. ožujka">15. ožujka</a> <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>. Čehoslovačku napada Hitlerova vojska. Granično područje je oteto a ostatak zemlje okupiran. Ovo je naravno najviše štetilo samim Sudetskim Nijemcima, koji su kasnije izgubili domovinu i postali pleme bez zemlje. Njihova populacija utopila se u njemačkom društvu. Kraj <a href="/wiki/Drugi_svjetski_rat" title="Drugi svjetski rat">Drugog svjetskog rata</a> najavljuje ustanak u <a href="/wiki/Prag" title="Prag">Pragu</a> (<a href="/wiki/5._svibnja" class="mw-redirect" title="5. svibnja">5. svibnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>. godine) u koji nakon 4 dana ulazi <a href="/wiki/Crvena_armija" title="Crvena armija">Crvena armija</a>. Zapadna područja Češke, uključujući <a href="/wiki/Plze%C5%88" title="Plzeň">Plzeň</a>, oslobodila je američka vojska koju vodi legendarni <a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Paton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Paton (stranica ne postoji)">general Paton</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Komunistička_vladavina"><span id="Komunisti.C4.8Dka_vladavina"></span>Komunistička vladavina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesi&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odjeljak Komunistička vladavina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesi&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Komunistička vladavina"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ubrzo nakon Drugog svjetskog rata zemlja pada u kandže komunizma. Zemlja je pod nacionalizacijom. Oko dva milijuna Sudetskih Nijemaca je protjerano, imovina im je konfiscirana. Godine <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>. dolazi do Baršunaste revolucije, izvedena je bez krvi, lustrirani su komunistički kadrovi. 95%privatnog vlasništva u ruci je države. Provode se politička suđenja i i egzekucije. Ljudska prava su ugrožena, ekonomija pada. Sve ovo ići će na ruku <a href="/wiki/Vaclav_Havel" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaclav Havel">Vaclav Havela</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Česi_danas"><span id=".C4.8Cesi_danas"></span>Česi danas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesi&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odjeljak Česi danas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesi&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Česi danas"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sredinom <a href="/w/index.php?title=1980-1989&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1980-1989 (stranica ne postoji)">80-tih prošlog stoljeća</a> u <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusiji</a> je na vlasti <a href="/wiki/Mihail_Gorba%C4%8Dov" title="Mihail Gorbačov">Mihail Gorbačov</a> koji uvodi <a href="/wiki/Perestrojka" title="Perestrojka">perestrojku</a> (perestroika), te su to posljednje godine komunizma u Čehoslovačkoj. Kasne 1980-te karakteriziraju javne demonstracije. Pad <a href="/wiki/Berlinski_zid" title="Berlinski zid">Berlinskog zida</a> u studenom <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>. najavljuje i <a href="/wiki/Bar%C5%A1unasta_revolucija" title="Baršunasta revolucija">Baršunastu revoluciju</a>, odnosno kraj <a href="/wiki/Komunizam" title="Komunizam">komunizma</a>. <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a>, bivši disident, izabran je za predsjednika u siječnju <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>. godine. Nekoliko godina kasnije (<a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>.) <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cehoslova%C4%8Dka" title="Čehoslovačka">Čehoslovačka</a> se raspada. Dva naroda: Česi i <a href="/wiki/Slovaci" title="Slovaci">Slovaci</a> dobivaju svoje države. Uskoro <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>. godine <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ka" title="Češka">Češka</a> postaje član <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>-a , <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>. godine član je <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">UN</a>-a. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Život_i_običaji"><span id=".C5.BDivot_i_obi.C4.8Daji"></span>Život i običaji</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesi&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odjeljak Život i običaji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesi&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Život i običaji"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Česi su tradicionalno seosko poljoprivredno stanovništvo u kojem se folklor imao veliku ulogu do pojave užurbane urbanizacije osobito u kasnom 19. stoljeću. Treba napomenuti da je možda i 70% austrougarske industrije bilo u 19 stoljeću smješteno u Češkoj. Češki narodni običaji ipak su se sačuvali u izoliranim, zabačenijim područjima zemlje. Svoj trag u razvitku kulture, napose seoskog života i razvoja sela, utjecali su i strani elementi koji su se naselili na ovim prostorima. Valašsko i Lašsko područje naseljavaju pripadnici vlaške i rumunjske etničke zajednice. Treba naglasiti da u kulturi ima i njemačkog i hrvatskog utjecaja. Sve je ovo utjecalo na razvoj češkog sela. U brdskim područjima sela Čeha su rasipana, u nizinskim predjelima javlja se drugačiji tip sela. Ovdje se ono razvija uzduž jedne glavne ulice, i tek ponekom sporednom. Kuća se kroz dugu prošlost naravno modificira. </p><p>U srednjoeuropskoj 'franačkoj' kući nalazimo sobu s peći i kuhinje s ognjištem, odnosno komore. Ovakvih dvosobnih ili trosobnih kuća moguće je bilo naći još do Drugog svjetskog rata. U nizu se još pod istim krovom nalaze i razni gospodarski prostori: smočnice, staje, komore i drugo. Osim zidanica kod njih se nađe i brvnara i katnice s trjemovima. U starijih seljačkih kuća značajka je '<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pristre%C5%A1ak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pristrešak (stranica ne postoji)">pristrešak</a>' povrh <a href="/wiki/Zabat" title="Zabat">zabata</a> i lijepo izveden, često puta osebujno oslikan. Ovo nalazimo osobito u južno-moravskim krajevima. Seljačkoj materijalnoj kulturi pripadaju predmeti vezani uz obradu zemlje, osobito do prodora tehnologije na selo. Tu nalazimo u brdskim predjelima predmete i oruđa rađenih od drveta, <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hák (stranica ne postoji)">hák</a>, drvena orača sprava , kod nas poznata kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralo (stranica ne postoji)">ralo</a>. Uz hák nalazimo i pluh (<a href="/wiki/Plug" title="Plug">plug</a>), također od drveta. Mlat za slamu također je prisutan, osobito u područjima gdje su se kuće naveliko pokrivale slamom. Stočarstvo je još jedna važna etnografska značajka, osobito u područjima naseljenim <a href="/w/index.php?title=La%C5%A1i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laši (stranica ne postoji)">Lašima</a> u Lašskom i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vala%C5%A1i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valaši (stranica ne postoji)">Valašima</a> u Valašskom, gdje opet, što je značajno <a href="/wiki/Vlasi" title="Vlasi">Vlasima</a>, nalazimo ovcu. Tu su osobite etnografske značajke uloge pastira i pastirskog života, pače i jačanje pastirskih elemenata kulture gdje su među starosjedioce utjecali vlaške pridošlice s ovcama. Seosko gospodarstvo Čeha poznaje i <a href="/wiki/P%C4%8Delarstvo" title="Pčelarstvo">pčelarstvo</a> gdje su se održale neke starine, to je košnica izdubena u kladi, oslikana plastično ili slikarijama. Individualnom rukotvorstvu pripada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drvorezbarstvo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drvorezbarstvo (stranica ne postoji)">drvorezbarstvo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vezenje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vezenje (stranica ne postoji)">vezenje</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tkanje" title="Tkanje">tkanje</a>. Česi i <a href="/wiki/Moravci" class="mw-disambig" title="Moravci">Moravci</a>, koji su moguće njihov ogranak, imaju cijeli niz lokalnih etničkih grupa čija je značajka njihova narodna nošnja, po kojoj se lako mogu razlikovati. Svoje ruho Česi ljubomorno čuvaju, a i dan-danas nose prilikom osobitih prigoda. Njihova nošnja je raskošna i živopisna. Čak se i u pojeddinih etničkih grupa vide razlike u nošnji po kojima se različito i nazivaju. Tako kod diferenciranih Moravaca nalazimo na flegmatične i vesele <a href="/w/index.php?title=Han%C3%A1ci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanáci (stranica ne postoji)">Hanáke</a>, koji se prema boji hlača dijele na Crvene i Žute. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_veze">Vanjske veze</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesi&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odjeljak Vanjske veze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesi&action=edit&section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske veze"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="infobox sisterproject" style="width: 300px"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Czechs" title="commons:Category:Czechs"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 20px;"><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Czechs" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Czechs">Česi</a></b></i> na <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica_-_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="commons:Glavna stranica - Главна страница">Wikimedijinoj ostavi</a> </div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dsokids.com/2001/dso.asp?PageID=294">Czech Culture, Czech Republic</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051216170716/http://www.dsokids.com/2001/dso.asp?PageID=294">Arhivirano</a> 2005-12-16 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myczechrepublic.com/czech-history/">Czech History</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr">Izvor: <a dir="ltr" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Česi&oldid=41388309">https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Česi&oldid=41388309</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Zapadni_Slaveni" title="Kategorija:Zapadni Slaveni">Zapadni Slaveni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Etni%C4%8Dke_grupe_%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ke" title="Kategorija:Etničke grupe Češke">Etničke grupe Češke</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Sakrivena kategorija: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Kategorija:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica je posljednji put izmijenjena 22. januara 2023. u 19:01.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike</a>; mogu se primijeniti i dodatni uslovi. 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