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dyes</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: reactive dyes"> <meta name="keywords" content="reactive dyes"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="reactive dyes"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1101</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: reactive dyes</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">261</span> Enhancing Mitochondrial Activity and Metabolism in Aging Female Germ Cells: Synergistic Effects of Dual ROCK and ROS Inhibition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuan-Hao%20Tsui">Kuan-Hao Tsui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-Te%20Lin"> Li-Te Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Jung%20Li"> Chia-Jung Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The combination of Y-27632 and Vitamin C significantly enhances the quality of aging germ cells by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, restoring mitochondrial membrane potential balance, and promoting mitochondrial fusion. The age-related decline in oocyte quality contributes to reduced fertility, increased aneuploidy, and diminished embryo quality, with mitochondrial dysfunction in both oocytes and granulosa cells being a key factor in this decline. Experiments on aging germ cells investigated the effects of the Y-27632 and Vitamin C combination. In vivo studies involved aged mice to assess oocyte maturation and ROS accumulation during culture. The assessment included mitochondrial activity, ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial dynamics. Cellular energy metabolism and ATP production were also measured. The combination treatment effectively addressed mitochondrial dysfunction and regulated cellular energy metabolism, promoting oxygen respiration and increasing ATP production. In aged mice, this supplement treatment enhanced in vitro oocyte maturation and prevented ROS accumulation in aging oocytes during culture. While these findings are promising, further research is needed to explore the long-term effects and potential side effects of the Y-27632 and Vitamin C combination. Additionally, translating these findings to human subjects requires careful consideration. Overall, the study suggests that the Y-27632 and Vitamin C combination could be a promising intervention to mitigate aging-related dysfunction in germ cells, potentially enhancing oocyte quality, particularly in the context of in vitro fertilization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ovarian%20aging" title="ovarian aging">ovarian aging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supplements" title=" supplements"> supplements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ROS" title=" ROS"> ROS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitochondria" title=" mitochondria"> mitochondria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186480/enhancing-mitochondrial-activity-and-metabolism-in-aging-female-germ-cells-synergistic-effects-of-dual-rock-and-ros-inhibition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186480.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">40</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">260</span> Qusai-Solid-State Electrochromic Device Based on PolyMethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)/Succinonitrile Gel Polymer Electrolyte</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jen-Yuan%20Wang">Jen-Yuan Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min-Chuan%20Wang"> Min-Chuan Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Der-Jun%20Jan"> Der-Jun Jan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polymer electrolytes can be classified into four major categories, solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs), polyelectrolytes and composite polymer electrolytes. SPEs suffer from low ionic conductivity at room temperature. The main problems for GPEs are the poor thermal stability and mechanical properties. In this study, a GPE containing PMMA and succinonitrile is prepared to solve the problems mentioned above, and applied to the assembly of a quasi-solid-state electrochromic device (ECD). In the polymer electrolyte, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is the polymer matrix and propylene carbonate (PC) is used as the plasticizer. To enhance the mechanical properties of this GPE, succinonitrile (SN) is introduced as the additive. For the electrochromic materials, tungsten oxide (WO3) is used as the cathodic coloring film, which is fabricated by pulsed dc magnetron reactive sputtering. For the anodic coloring material, Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) are synthesized and coated on the transparent Sn-doped indium oxide (ITO) glass. The thickness of ITO, WO3 and PB film is 110, 170 and 200 nm, respectively. The size of the ECD is 5×5 cm2. The effect of the introduction of SN into the GPEs is discussed by observing the electrochromic behaviors of the WO3-PB ECD. Besides, the composition ratio of PC to SN is also investigated by measuring the ionic conductivity. The optimized ratio of PC to SN is 4:1, and the ionic conductivity under this condition is 6.34x10-5 S∙cm-1, which is higher than that of PMMA/PC (1.35x10-6 S∙cm-1) and PMMA/EC/PC (4.52x10-6 S∙cm-1). This quasi-solid-state ECD fabricated with the PMMA/SN based GPE shows an optical contrast of ca. 53% at 690 nm. The optical transmittance of the ECD can be reversibly modulated from 72% (bleached) to 19% (darkened), by applying potentials of 1.5 and -2.2 V, respectively. During the durability test, the optical contrast of this ECD remains 44.5% after 2400 cycles, which is 83% of the original one. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochromism" title="electrochromism">electrochromism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tungsten%20oxide" title=" tungsten oxide"> tungsten oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prussian%20blue" title=" prussian blue"> prussian blue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly%28methyl%20methacrylate%29" title=" poly(methyl methacrylate)"> poly(methyl methacrylate)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=succinonitrile" title=" succinonitrile"> succinonitrile</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52597/qusai-solid-state-electrochromic-device-based-on-polymethyl-methacrylate-pmmasuccinonitrile-gel-polymer-electrolyte" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">259</span> Green Tea Extract: Its Potential Protective Effect on Bleomycin Induced Lung Injuries in Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azza%20EL-Medany">Azza EL-Medany</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamila%20EL-Medany"> Jamila EL-Medany</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lung fibrosis is a common side effect of the chemotherapeutic agent, bleomycin. Current evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species may play a key role in the development of lung fibrosis. The present work studied the effect of green tea extract on bleomycin–induced lung fibrosis in rats. Animals were divided into three groups: (1) Saline control group; (2) bleomycin group in which rats were injected with bleomycin (15mg/kg,i.p.) three times a week for four weeks; (3) bleomycin and green tea group in which green tea extract was given to rats (100mg/kg/day, p.o) a week prior to bleomycin and daily during bleomycin injections for 4 weeks until the end of the experiment. Bleomycin–induced pulmonary injury and lung fibrosis that was indicated by increased lung hydroxyproline content, elevated nitric oxide synthase, myeoloperoxidase (MPO), platelet activating factor (PAF), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF_α), transforming growth factor 1β (TGF1β) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity in lung tissues. On the other hand, bleomycin induced a reduction in reduced glutathione concentration (GSH). Moreover, bleomycin resulted in a severe histological changes in lung tissues revealed as lymphocytes and neutrophils infiltration, increased collagen deposition and fibrosis. Co-administration of bleomycin and green tea extract reduced bleomycin–induced lung injury as evaluated by the significant reduction in hydroxyproline content, nitric oxide synthase activity, levels of MPO, PAF, TNF-α, and ACE in lung tissues. Furthermore, green tea extract ameliorated bleomycin– induced reduction in GSH concentration. Finally, histological evidence supported the ability of green tea extract to attenuate bleomycin–induced lung fibrosis and consolidation. Thus, the finding of the present study provides that green tea may serve as a novel target for potential therapeutic treatment of lung fibrosis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bleomycin" title="bleomycin">bleomycin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20fibrosis" title=" lung fibrosis"> lung fibrosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20tea" title=" green tea"> green tea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20species" title=" oxygen species"> oxygen species</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15399/green-tea-extract-its-potential-protective-effect-on-bleomycin-induced-lung-injuries-in-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">258</span> Determining Cellular Biomarkers Sensitive to Low Damaging Exposure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Svetlana%20Guryeva">Svetlana Guryeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inna%20Kornienko"> Inna Kornienko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20Petersen"> Elena Petersen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> At present, translational medicine is a rapidly developing branch of biomedicine. The main idea of translational medicine is a practical application of fundamental research. One of the possible applications for translational medicine is researching therapies that improve human age-related organism condition. To fill the gap between experiments and clinical practice, it is necessary to create the standardized system for the investigation of different effects on cellular aging models. In this study, primary human fibroblasts derived from patients of different ages were used as a cellular aging model. The senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, lipofuscin, γ-H2AX, the reactive oxygen species level, and cell death markers (annexin V/propidium iodide) were used as biomarkers of the cell functional state. The effects of damaging exposures (oxidative stress and heat shock), potential positive factors (metformin and acetaminophen), and their combinations were investigated using the described biomarkers. Oxidative stress and heat shock caused the increase in the levels of all biomarkers, and only the cells from young patients partly coped with stress 3 days after the exposures. Metformin improved the state of pretreatment cells from young and old patients. The acetaminophen did not show significant changes in the biomarker levels compare to the action of metformin. This study proved the opportunity to develop a standardized screening system based on biomarkers of the cell functional state to identify potential positive or negative effects of some physical and chemical exposures. Moreover, such a system can be useful for the aims of regenerative medicine to determine the effect of cell pretreatment before transplantation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarkers" title="biomarkers">biomarkers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20fibroblasts" title=" primary fibroblasts"> primary fibroblasts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regenerative%20medicine" title=" regenerative medicine"> regenerative medicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=senescence" title=" senescence"> senescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20system" title=" test system"> test system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translational%20medicine" title=" translational medicine"> translational medicine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65726/determining-cellular-biomarkers-sensitive-to-low-damaging-exposure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65726.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">257</span> Magneto-Hydrodynamic Mixed Convective Fluid Flow through Two Parallel Vertical Plates Channel with Hall, Chemical Reaction, and Thermal Radiation Effects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okuyade%20Ighoroje%20Wilson%20Ata">Okuyade Ighoroje Wilson Ata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Magneto-hydrodynamic mixed convective chemically reacting fluid flow through two parallel vertical plates channel with Hall, radiation, and chemical reaction effects are examined. The fluid is assumed to be chemically reactive, electrically conducting, magnetically susceptible, viscous, incompressible, and Newtonian; the plates are porous, electrically conductive, and heated to a high-temperature regime to generate thermal rays. The flow system is highly interactive, such that cross/double diffusion is present. The governing equations are partial differential equations transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation and solved by the method of Homotopy Perturbation. Expressions for the concentration, temperature, velocity, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and Wall shear stress are obtained, computed, and presented graphically and tabularly. The analysis of results shows, amongst others, that an increase in the Raleigh number increases the main velocity and temperature but decreases the concentration. More so, an increase in chemical reaction rate increases the main velocity, temperature, rate of heat transfer from the terminal plate, the rate of mass transfer from the induced plate, and Wall shear stress on both the induced and terminal plates, decreasing the concentration, and the mass transfer rate from the terminal plate. Some of the obtained results are benchmarked with those of existing literature and are in consonance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20reaction" title="chemical reaction">chemical reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hall%20effect" title=" hall effect"> hall effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magneto-hydrodynamic" title=" magneto-hydrodynamic"> magneto-hydrodynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation" title=" radiation"> radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20plates%20channel" title=" vertical plates channel"> vertical plates channel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161571/magneto-hydrodynamic-mixed-convective-fluid-flow-through-two-parallel-vertical-plates-channel-with-hall-chemical-reaction-and-thermal-radiation-effects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">256</span> NLRP3-Inflammassome Participates in the Inflammatory Response Induced by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eduardo%20Kanagushiku%20Pereira">Eduardo Kanagushiku Pereira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frank%20Gregory%20Cavalcante%20da%20Silva"> Frank Gregory Cavalcante da Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barbara%20Soares%20Gon%C3%A7alves"> Barbara Soares Gonçalves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20L%C3%BAcia%20Bergamasco%20Galastri"> Ana Lúcia Bergamasco Galastri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronei%20Luciano%20Mamoni"> Ronei Luciano Mamoni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The inflammatory response initiates after the recognition of pathogens by receptors expressed by innate immune cells. Among these receptors, the NLRP3 was associated with the recognition of pathogenic fungi in experimental models. NLRP3 operates forming a multiproteic complex called inflammasome, which actives caspase-1, responsible for the production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-18. In this study, we aimed to investigate the involvement of NLRP3 in the inflammatory response elicited in macrophages against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb), the etiologic agent of PCM. Macrophages were differentiated from THP-1 cells by treatment with phorbol-myristate-acetate. Following differentiation, macrophages were stimulated by Pb yeast cells for 24 hours, after previous treatment with specific NLRP3 (3,4-methylenedioxy-beta-nitrostyrene) and/or caspase-1 (VX-765) inhibitors, or specific inhibitors of pathways involved in NLRP3 activation such as: Reactive Oxigen Species (ROS) production (N-Acetyl-L-cysteine), K+ efflux (Glibenclamide) or phagossome acidification (Bafilomycin). Quantification of IL-1beta and IL-18 in supernatants was performed by ELISA. Our results showed that the production of IL-1beta and IL-18 by THP-1-derived-macrophages stimulated with Pb yeast cells was dependent on NLRP3 and caspase-1 activation, once the presence of their specific inhibitors diminished the production of these cytokines. Furthermore, we found that the major pathways involved in NLRP3 activation, after Pb recognition, were dependent on ROS production and K+ efflux. In conclusion, our results showed that NLRP3 participates in the recognition of Pb yeast cells by macrophages, leading to the activation of the NLRP3-inflammasome and production of IL-1beta and IL-18. Together, these cytokines can induce an inflammatory response against P. brasiliensis, essential for the establishment of the initial inflammatory response and for the development of the subsequent acquired immune response. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammation" title="inflammation">inflammation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IL-1beta" title=" IL-1beta"> IL-1beta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IL-18" title=" IL-18"> IL-18</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NLRP3" title=" NLRP3"> NLRP3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paracoccidioidomycosis" title=" Paracoccidioidomycosis"> Paracoccidioidomycosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57374/nlrp3-inflammassome-participates-in-the-inflammatory-response-induced-by-paracoccidioides-brasiliensis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">255</span> Coumestrol Induced Apoptosis in Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells via Redox Cycling of Copper and ROS Generation: Implications of Copper Chelation Strategy in Cancer Treatment </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atif%20Zafar%20Khan">Atif Zafar Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swarnendra%20Singh"> Swarnendra Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imrana%20Naseem"> Imrana Naseem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Breast cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies in women worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. Therefore, there is a need to identify new chemotherapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. Unlike normal cells, cancer cells contain elevated copper levels which play an integral role in angiogenesis. Copper is an important metal ion associated with the chromatin DNA, particularly with guanine. Thus, targeting copper via copper-specific chelators in cancer cells can serve as effective anticancer strategy. Keeping in view these facts, we evaluated the anticancer activity and copper-dependent cytotoxic effect of coumestrol (phytoestrogen in soybean products) in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Coumestrol inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, which was prevented by copper chelator neocuproine and ROS scavengers. Coumestrol treatment induced ROS generation coupled to DNA fragmentation, up-regulation of p53/p21, cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and caspases 9/3 activation. All these effects were suppressed by ROS scavengers and neocuproine. These results suggest that coumestrol targets elevated copper for redox cycling to generate ROS leading to DNA fragmentation. DNA damage leads to p53 up-regulation which directs the cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase and promotes caspase-dependent apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, coumestrol induces pro-oxidant cell death by chelating cellular copper to produce copper-coumestrol complexes that engages in redox cycling in breast cancer cells. Thus, targeting elevated copper levels might be a potential therapeutic strategy for selective cytotoxic action against malignant cells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apoptosis" title="apoptosis">apoptosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title=" breast cancer"> breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20chelation" title=" copper chelation"> copper chelation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coumestrol" title=" coumestrol"> coumestrol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20oxygens%20species" title=" reactive oxygens species"> reactive oxygens species</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=redox%20cycling" title=" redox cycling"> redox cycling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58177/coumestrol-induced-apoptosis-in-breast-cancer-mcf-7-cells-via-redox-cycling-of-copper-and-ros-generation-implications-of-copper-chelation-strategy-in-cancer-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58177.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">254</span> Effect of Hormones Priming on Enzyme Activity and Lipid Peroxidation in Wheat Seed under Accelerated Aging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amin%20Abbasi">Amin Abbasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fariborz%20Shekari"> Fariborz Shekari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Bahman%20Mousavi"> Seyed Bahman Mousavi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seed aging during storage is a complex biochemical and physiological processes that can lead to reduce seed germination. This phenomenon associated with increasing of total antioxidant activity during aging. To study the effects of hormones on seed aging, aged wheat seeds (control, 90 and 80% viabilities) were treated with GA3, Salicylic Acid, and paclobutrazol and antioxidant system were investigated as molecular biomarkers for seed vigor. The results showed that, seed priming treatment significantly affected germination percentage, normality seedling percentage, H2O2, MDA, CAT, APX, and GPX activates. Maximum germination percentage achieve in GA3 priming in control treatment. Germination percentage and normal seedling percentage increased in other GA3 priming treatment compared with other hormones. Also aging increased MDA, H2O2 content. MDA is considered sensitive marker commonly used for assessing membrane lipid peroxidation and H2O2result in toxicity to cellular membrane system and damages to plant cells. Amount of H2O2 and MDA declined in GA3 treatment. CAT, GPX and APX activities were reduced by increasing the aging time and at different levels of priming. The highest APX activity was observed in Salicylic Acid control treatment and the highest GPX and CAT activity was obtained in GA3 control treatment. The lowest MDA and H2O2 showed in GA3 control treatment, too. Hormone priming increased Antioxidant enzyme activity and decreased amount of reactive oxygen space and malondialdehyde (MDA) under aging treatment. Also, GA3 priming treatments have a significant effect on germination percentage and number of normal seedling. Generally aging seed, increase ROS and lipid peroxidation. Antioxidant enzymes activity of aged seeds increased after hormone priming. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hormones%20priming" title="hormones priming">hormones priming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheat" title=" wheat"> wheat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aging%20seed" title=" aging seed"> aging seed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title=" antioxidant"> antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20peroxidation" title=" lipid peroxidation"> lipid peroxidation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3560/effect-of-hormones-priming-on-enzyme-activity-and-lipid-peroxidation-in-wheat-seed-under-accelerated-aging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3560.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">253</span> Nanoparticle Induced Neurotoxicity Mediated by Mitochondria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nandini%20Nalika">Nandini Nalika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suhel%20Parvez"> Suhel Parvez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanotechnology has emerged to play a vital role in developing all through the industrial world with an immense production of nanomaterials including nanoparticles (NPs). Many toxicological studies have confirmed that due to unique small size and physico-chemical properties of NPs (1-100nm), they can be potentially hazardous. Metallic NPs of small size have been shown to induce higher levels of cellular oxidative stress and can easily pass through the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) and significantly accumulate in brain. With the wide applications of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNPs) in day-to-day life in form of cosmetics, paints, sterilisation and so on, there is growing concern regarding the deleterious effects of TNPs on central nervous system and mitochondria appear to be important cellular organelles targeted to the pro-oxidative effects of NPs and an important source that contribute significantly for the production of reactive oxygen species after some toxicity or an injury. The aim of our study was to elucidate the effect of TNPs in anatase form with different concentrations (5-50 µg/ml) following with various oxidative stress markers in isolated brain mitochondria as an in vitro model. Oxidative stress was determined by measuring the different oxidative stress markers like lipid peroxidation as well as the protein carbonyl content which was found to be significantly increased. Reduced glutathione content and major glutathione metabolizing enzymes were also modulated signifying the role of glutathione redox cycle in the pathophysiology of TNPs. The study also includes the mitochondrial enzymes (Complex 1, Complex II, complex IV, Complex V ) and the enzymes showed toxicity in a relatively short time due to the effect of TNPs. The study provide a range of concentration that were toxic to the neuronal cells and data pointing to a general toxicity in brain mitochondria by TNPs, therefore, it is in need to consider the proper utilization of NPs in the environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitochondria" title="mitochondria">mitochondria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain" title=" brain"> brain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vitro" title=" in vitro "> in vitro </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22740/nanoparticle-induced-neurotoxicity-mediated-by-mitochondria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22740.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">252</span> Commentary on Successful and Emerging Bullying Control Programs: A Comparison between Eighteen Bullying Interventions Applied Worldwide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohni%20Siddiqui">Sohni Siddiqui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anja%20Schultze-Krumbholz"> Anja Schultze-Krumbholz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Our lives now revolve more around online-related tasks, as the internet has become a necessity. One of the disturbance concerns with high internet usage is the multiplication of cyber-associated risky behaviors such as cyber aggression and/or cyberbullying. Cyber Bullying is an emerging issue that needs immediate attention from many stakeholders such as parents, doctors, school administrators, policymakers, researchers, and others, especially in the COVID-19 pandemic when online learning has been adopted as an instructional strategy, and there is a continuous rise in cyberbullying cases. The aim of the article is to review existing successful and emerging interventions designed to control bullying and cyberbullying by engaging individuals through teachers’ professional development and adopting a whole-school approach. The study identified the strengths and limitations of the programs and suggested improvements to existing interventions. Preparing interventions with a strong theoretical framework, integrating applications of emerging theories in interventions, promoting proactive and reactive strategies in combination, beginning with the baseline needs assessment surveys, reducing digital time and digital divide among parents and children, promoting the concept of lead trainer, peer trainer, and hot spots, focusing on physical activities, use of landmarks are some of the recommendations proposed by authors. In addition to face-to-face intervention, the researchers recommend updating and improving previous intervention programs with games and apps. Especially in the time of pandemic crises, when face-to-face interactions are limited and cyberbullying is triggered, the use of apps, web-based interventions, and games can be an effective way to control electronic perpetration and victimization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti%20bullying%20programs" title="anti bullying programs">anti bullying programs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber%20bullying" title=" cyber bullying"> cyber bullying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=individualized%20trainings" title=" individualized trainings"> individualized trainings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teachers%E2%80%99%20professional%20development" title=" teachers’ professional development"> teachers’ professional development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whole%20school%20interventions" title=" whole school interventions"> whole school interventions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145901/commentary-on-successful-and-emerging-bullying-control-programs-a-comparison-between-eighteen-bullying-interventions-applied-worldwide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145901.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">251</span> Dissolved Black Carbon Accelerates the Photo-Degradation of Polystyrene Microplastics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qin%20Ou">Qin Ou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanghui%20Xu"> Yanghui Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xintu%20Wang"> Xintu Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kim%20Maren%20Lompe"> Kim Maren Lompe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gang%20Liu"> Gang Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Peter%20Van%20Der%20Hoek"> Jan Peter Van Der Hoek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microplastics (MPs) can undergo the photooxidation process under ultraviolet (UV) exposure, which determines their transformation and fate in environments. The presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) can interact with MPs and take participate in the photo-degradation of MPs. As an important DOM component, dissolved black carbon (DBC), widely distributed in aquatic environments, can accelerate or inhibit the sunlight-driven photo-transformation of environmental pollutants. However, the role and underlying mechanism of DBC in the photooxidation of MPs are not clear. Herein, the DBC (< 0.45 µm) was extracted from wood biochar and fractionated by molecular weight (i.e., <3 KDa, 3 KDa−30 KDa, 30 KDa−0.45 µm). The effects of DBC chemical composition (i.e., molecular weight and chemical structure) in DBC-mediated photo-transformation of polystyrene (PS) MPs were investigated. The results showed that DBC initially inhibited the photo-degradation of MPs due to light shielding. Under UV exposure for 6−24 h, the presence of 5 mg/L DBC decreased the carbonyl index of MPs compared to the control. This inhibitory effect of DBC was found to decrease with increasing irradiation time. Notably, DBC initially decreased but then increased the hydroxyl index with aging time, suggesting that the role of DBC may shift from inhibition to acceleration. In terms of the different DBC fractions, the results showed that the smallest fraction of DBC (<3 KDa) significantly accelerated the photooxidation of PS MPs since it acted as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generators, especially in promoting the production of ¹O₂ and ³DBC* and •OH. With the increase in molecular weight, the acceleration effect of DBC on the degradation of MPs was decreased due to the increase of light shielding and possible decrease of photosensitization ability. This study thoroughly investigated the critical role of DBC chemical composition in the photooxidation process, which helps to assess the duration of aging and transformation of MPs during long-term weathering in natural waters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microplastics" title="microplastics">microplastics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photo-degradation" title=" photo-degradation"> photo-degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissolved%20black%20carbon" title=" dissolved black carbon"> dissolved black carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20weight" title=" molecular weight"> molecular weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photosensitization" title=" photosensitization"> photosensitization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165341/dissolved-black-carbon-accelerates-the-photo-degradation-of-polystyrene-microplastics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">250</span> Treatment of Histopathological Symptoms in N-Nitrosopyrrolidine Induced Changes in Lung Tissue by Isolated Flavonoid from Indigofera tinctoria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aastha%20Agarwal">Aastha Agarwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veena%20Sharma"> Veena Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> N-nitrosopyrollidine or NPYR is a tobacco-specific nitrosamine which upon intoxicated causes abnormal production of Reactive Oxygen Species disrupt the endogenous antioxidant system. The study was designed to evaluate the histological changes in lung tissue of Mus musculus in NPYR administered lungs and effect of isolated flavonoid 3,6-dihydroxy-(3’,4’,7’-trimethoxyphenyl)-chromen-4-one-7-glucoside (ITC) from experimental plant Indigofera tinctorial. Post treatment with isolated compound significantly restored the abnormal symptoms and changes in pulmonary tissue. Transverse section of mouse lung in control animals appeared as a thin lace. Histologically, most of the lung was arranged as alveoli which were thin walled structures made up of single layered squamous epithelial cells. In the transverse section of lung at 100 X will clearly show the component of alveoli, surround by a thin layer of connective tissue and blood vessels. Smaller bronchioles were lined by cuboidal epithelial cells while larger bronchioles were lined by ciliated columnar epithelium layer while in NPYR intoxicated lungs signs of vast pulmonary damages and carcinogenesis as alveolar damage, necrosis, DADs or defused alveolar damages hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia and next stage of carcinogenesis were revealed. Treatment with ITC showed the significant positive changes in the lung tissue due to the side hydroxyl and methoxy groups in its structure which help in combating oxidative injuries and give protection from the free radicals generated during the metabolism of NPYR in body. Thus, histopathological analysis confirms the development of the cancerous conditions in the lung tissue in mice model and the protective effects of ITC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flavonoid" title="flavonoid">flavonoid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histopathology" title=" histopathology"> histopathology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indigofera%20tinctoria" title=" Indigofera tinctoria"> Indigofera tinctoria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung" title=" lung"> lung</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72965/treatment-of-histopathological-symptoms-in-n-nitrosopyrrolidine-induced-changes-in-lung-tissue-by-isolated-flavonoid-from-indigofera-tinctoria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72965.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">249</span> Multiple Organ Manifestation in Neonatal Lupus Erythematous: Report of Two Cases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Lubis">A. Lubis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Widayanti"> R. Widayanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Hikmah"> Z. Hikmah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Endaryanto"> A. Endaryanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Harsono"> A. Harsono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Harianto"> A. Harianto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Etika"> R. Etika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20K.%20Handayani"> D. K. Handayani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sampurna"> M. Sampurna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Neonatal lupus erythematous (NLE) is a rare disease marked by clinical characteristic and specific maternal autoantibody. Many cutaneous, cardiac, liver, and hematological manifestations could happen with affect of one organ or multiple. In this case, both babies were premature, low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA) and born through caesarean section from a systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) mother. In the first case, we found a baby girl with dyspnea and grunting. Chest X ray showed respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) great I and echocardiography showed small atrial septal defect (ASD) and ventricular septal defect (VSD). She also developed anemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated C-reactive protein, hypoalbuminemia, increasing coagulation factors, hyperbilirubinemia, and positive blood culture of Klebsiella pneumonia. Anti-Ro/SSA and Anti-nRNP/sm were positive. Intravenous fluid, antibiotic, transfusion of blood, thrombocyte concentrate, and fresh frozen plasma were given. The second baby, male presented with necrotic tissue on the left ear and skin rashes, erythematous macula, athropic scarring, hyperpigmentation on all of his body with various size and facial haemorrhage. He also suffered from thrombocytopenia, mild elevated transaminase enzyme, hyperbilirubinemia, anti-Ro/SSA was positive. Intravenous fluid, methyprednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), blood, and thrombocyte concentrate transfution were given. Two cases of neonatal lupus erythematous had been presented. Diagnosis based on clinical presentation and maternal auto antibody on neonate. Organ involvement in NLE can occur as single or multiple manifestations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neonatus%20lupus%20erythematous" title="neonatus lupus erythematous">neonatus lupus erythematous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20autoantibody" title=" maternal autoantibody"> maternal autoantibody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20characteristic" title=" clinical characteristic"> clinical characteristic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20organ%20manifestation" title=" multiple organ manifestation"> multiple organ manifestation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9355/multiple-organ-manifestation-in-neonatal-lupus-erythematous-report-of-two-cases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9355.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">248</span> Tourism as Benefactor to Peace amidst the Structural Conflict: An Exploratory Case Study of Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pranil%20Kumar%20Upadhayaya">Pranil Kumar Upadhayaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> While peace is dividend to tourism, tourism can also be a vital force for world peace. The existing body of knowledge on a tripartite complex nexus between tourism, peace and conflict reveals that tourism is benefactor to peace and sensitive to conflict. By contextualizing the ongoing sporadic structural conflict in the transitional phase in the aftermath of a decade long (1996-2006), Maoist armed conflict in Nepal, the purpose of this study is to explore the potentials of tourism in peace-building. The outcomes of this research paper is based on the mixed methods of research (qualitative and quantitative). Though the armed conflict ended with the comprehensive peace agreement in 2006 but there is constant manifestations of non-violent structural conflicts, which continue to threaten the sustainability of tourism industry. With the persistent application of coping strategies, tourism is found resilient during the ongoing structural political conflict. The strong coping abilities of the private sector of tourism industry have also intersected with peace-building efforts with more reactive and less proactive (pro-peace) engagements. This paper ascertains about the application of the ‘theory of tourism security’ by Nepalese tourism industry while coping with conflict and reviving, and sustaining. It reveals that the multiple verities of tourism at present has heterogeneous degree of peace potentials. The opportunities of ‘peace through tourism’ can be promoted subject to its molding with responsible, sustainable and participatory characteristics. This paper comes out with pragmatic policy recommendations for strengthening the position of tourism as a true peace-builder: (a) a broad shift from mainstream conventional tourism to the community based rural with local participation and ownership to fulfill Nepal’s potentials for peace, and (b) building and applications of the managerial and operational codes of conducts for owners and workers (labor unions) at all tourism enterprises and strengthen their practices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code%20of%20conduct" title="code of conduct">code of conduct</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20based%20tourism" title=" community based tourism"> community based tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict" title=" conflict"> conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peace-building" title=" peace-building"> peace-building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism" title=" tourism "> tourism </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73260/tourism-as-benefactor-to-peace-amidst-the-structural-conflict-an-exploratory-case-study-of-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73260.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">247</span> Anti-Parasite Targeting with Amino Acid-Capped Nanoparticles Modulates Multiple Cellular Processes in Host</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oluyomi%20Stephen%20Adeyemi">Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kentaro%20Kato"> Kentaro Kato</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Toxoplasma gondii is the etiological agent of toxoplasmosis, a common parasitic disease capable of infecting a range of hosts, including nearly one-third of the human population. Current treatment options for toxoplasmosis patients are limited. In consequence, toxoplasmosis represents a large global burden that is further enhanced by the shortcomings of the current therapeutic options. These factors underscore the need for better anti-T. gondii agents and/or new treatment approach. In the present study, we sought to find out whether preparing and capping nanoparticles (NPs) in amino acids, would enhance specificity toward the parasite versus the host cell. The selection of amino acids was premised on the fact that T. gondii is auxotrophic for some amino acids. The amino acid-nanoparticles (amino-NPs) were synthesized, purified and characterized following established protocols. Next, we tested to determine the anti-T. gondii activity of the amino-NPs using in vitro experimental model of infection. Overall, our data show evidence that supports enhanced and excellent selective action against the parasite versus the host cells by amino-NPs. The findings are promising and provide additional support that warrants exploring the prospects of NPs as alternative anti-parasite agents. In addition, the anti-parasite action by amino-NPs indicates that nutritional requirement of parasite may represent a viable target in the development of better alternative anti-parasite agents. Furthermore, data suggest the anti-parasite mechanism of the amino-NPs involves multiple cellular processes including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), modulation of hypoxia-inducing factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) as well as the activation of kynurenine pathway. Taken together, findings highlight further, the prospects of NPs as alternative source of anti-parasite agents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20discovery" title="drug discovery">drug discovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infectious%20diseases" title=" infectious diseases"> infectious diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mode%20of%20action" title=" mode of action"> mode of action</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanomedicine" title=" nanomedicine"> nanomedicine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99325/anti-parasite-targeting-with-amino-acid-capped-nanoparticles-modulates-multiple-cellular-processes-in-host" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">246</span> Study of Radiation Response in Lactobacillus Species</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanika%20Arora">Kanika Arora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madhu%20Bala"> Madhu Bala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The small intestine epithelium is highly sensitive and major targets of ionizing radiation. Radiation causes gastrointestinal toxicity either by direct deposition of energy or indirectly (inflammation or bystander effects) generating free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Oxidative stress generated as a result of radiation causes active inflammation within the intestinal mucosa leading to structural and functional impairment of gut epithelial barrier. As a result, there is a loss of tolerance to normal dietary antigens and commensal flora together with exaggerated response to pathogens. Dysbiosis may therefore thought to play a role in radiation enteropathy and can contribute towards radiation induced bowel toxicity. Lactobacilli residing in the gut shares a long conjoined evolutionary history with their hosts and by doing so these organisms have developed an intimate and complex symbiotic relationships. The objective behind this study was to look for the strains with varying resistance to ionizing radiation and to see whether the niche of the bacteria is playing any role in radiation resistance property of bacteria. In this study, we have isolated the Lactobacillus spp. from probiotic preparation and murine gastrointestinal tract, both of which were supposed to be the important source for its isolation. Biochemical characterization did not show a significant difference in the properties, while a significant preference was observed in carbohydrate utilization capacity by the isolates. Effect of ionizing radiations induced by Co60 gamma radiation (10 Gy) on lactobacilli cells was investigated. A cellular survival curve versus absorbed doses was determined. Radiation resistance studies showed that the response of isolates towards cobalt-60 gamma radiation differs from each other and significant decrease in survival was observed in a dose-dependent manner. Thus the present study revealed that the property of radioresistance in Lactobacillus depends upon the source from where they have been isolated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dysbiosis" title="dysbiosis">dysbiosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactobacillus" title=" lactobacillus"> lactobacillus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigation" title=" mitigation"> mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation" title=" radiation"> radiation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84937/study-of-radiation-response-in-lactobacillus-species" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84937.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">245</span> Tocotrienol Rich Fraction in Nicotine-Induced Embryos: Cytoskeletal Changes of Actin and Tubulin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Hamirah%20Kamsani">Nurul Hamirah Kamsani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Hamim%20Rajikin"> Mohd Hamim Rajikin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nor%20Ashikin%20Mohamed%20Noor%20Khan"> Nor Ashikin Mohamed Noor Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharaniza%20Abdul%20Rahim"> Sharaniza Abdul Rahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cytoskeletal structures, in particular actin and tubulin, provide a fundamental framework in all cells, including embryos. Under influence of nicotine, the cytoskeletal organization may be subjected to oxidative stress (OS) insult and cause alteration. Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) is proven to enhance fertility better than the other sub-group of Vitamin E, tocopherols (TCPs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of TRF on 1) actin and tubulin of 2- and 8-cell murine embryos and 2) the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes; induced by nicotine. Twenty four female Balb/C were subjected to either subcutaneous (sc) injection of 0.9% NaCl; sc injection of 3.0 mg/kg bw/day nicotine; sc injection of 3.0 mg/kg bw/day nicotine + oral gavage (OG) of 60 mg/kg bw/day TRF; or OG of 60 mg/kg bw/day TRF for 7 consecutive days. After superovulation and mating, animals were euthanized. 2-cell developing embryos were retrieved. 50% of the retrieved embryos were visualized under confocal laser staining microscopy (CLSM) for alterations of actin and tubulin. The remaining amount of embryos was cultured in vitro until 8-cell stage followed by CLSM visualization. Blood plasma was subjected to OS assays. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined and analysed accordingly. At both 2- and 8-cell developing stages, actin intensities were significantly reduced in the nicotine group (p<0.001). After the intervention, actin intensity was significantly increased compared to that of the nicotine group (p<0.001). The same trend was seen in tubulin at both cell stages. TRF has minimized the deleterious effects of nicotine in actin and tubulin of both 2- and 8-cell developmental stages during pre-implantation embryonic development in mice in vitro. Levels of endogenous anti-oxidative enzymes were sustained close to control accompanied by decreased levels of OS biomarker. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actin" title="actin">actin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nicotine" title=" nicotine"> nicotine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-implantation%20embryos" title=" pre-implantation embryos"> pre-implantation embryos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tocotrienol%20rich%20fraction" title=" tocotrienol rich fraction"> tocotrienol rich fraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tubulin" title=" tubulin"> tubulin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89395/tocotrienol-rich-fraction-in-nicotine-induced-embryos-cytoskeletal-changes-of-actin-and-tubulin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89395.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">244</span> Microwave Assisted Rapid Synthesis of Nano-Binder from Renewable Resource and Their Application in Textile Printing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Haggag">K. Haggag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20S.%20Elshemy"> N. S. Elshemy </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to limited fossil resource and an increased need for environmentally friendly, sustainable technologies, the importance of using renewable feed stocks in textile industry area will increase in the decades to come. This research highlights some of the perspectives in this area. Alkyd resins for high characterization and reactive properties, completely based on commercially available renewable resources (sunflower and/or soybean oil) were prepared and characterized. In this work, we present results on the synthesis of various alkyd resins according to the alcoholysis – polyesterification process under different preparation conditions using a microwave synthesis as energy source to determine suitable reaction conditions. Effects of polymerization parameters, such as catalyst ratio, reaction temperature and microwave power level have been studied. The prepared binder was characterized via FT-IR, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), in addition to acid value (AV), iodine value (IV), water absorbance, weight loss, and glass transition temperature. The prepared binder showed high performance physico-mechanical properties. TEM analysis showed that the polymer latex nanoparticle within range of 20–200 nm. The study involved the application of the prepared alkyd resins as binder for pigment printing process onto cotton fabric by using a flat screen technique and the prints were dried and thermal cured. The optimum curing conditions were determined, color strength and fastness properties of pigment printed areas to light, washing, perspiration and crocking were evaluated. The rheological properties and apparent viscosity of prepared binders were measured in addition roughness of the prints was also determined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-binder" title="nano-binder">nano-binder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20heating" title=" microwave heating"> microwave heating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20resource" title=" renewable resource"> renewable resource</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkyd%20resins" title=" alkyd resins"> alkyd resins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sunflower%20oil" title=" sunflower oil"> sunflower oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soybean%20oil" title=" soybean oil"> soybean oil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11124/microwave-assisted-rapid-synthesis-of-nano-binder-from-renewable-resource-and-their-application-in-textile-printing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">243</span> Antibacterial Property of ZnO Nanoparticles: Effect of Intrinsic Defects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suresh%20Kumar%20Verma">Suresh Kumar Verma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jugal%20Kishore%20Das"> Jugal Kishore Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ealisha%20Jha"> Ealisha Jha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mrutyunjay%20Suar"> Mrutyunjay Suar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SKS%20Parashar"> SKS Parashar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years nanoforms of inorganic metallic oxides has attracted a lot of interest due to their small size and significantly improved physical, chemical and biological properties compared to their molecular precursor. Some of the inorganic materials such as TiO2, ZnO, MgO, CaO, Al2O3 have been extensively used in biological applications. Zinc Oxide is a Wurtzite-type semiconductor and piezo-electric material exhibiting excellent electrical, optical and chemical properties with a band energy gap of 3.1-3.4 eV. Nanoforms of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) are increasingly recognised for their utility in biological application. The significant physical parameters such as surface area, particle size, surface charge and Zeta potential of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles makes it suitable for the uptake, persistance, biological, and chemical activities inside the living cells. The present study shows the effect of intrinsic defects of ZnO nanocrystals synthesized by high energy ball milling (HEBM) technique in their antibacterial activities. Bulk Zinc oxide purchased from market were ball milled for 7 h, 10 h, and 15 h respectively to produce nanosized Zinc Oxide. The structural and optical modification of such synthesized particles were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). The antibacterial property of synthesized Zinc Oxide nanoparticles was tested using well diffusion, minimum inhibitory Concentration, minimum bacteriocidal concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) estimation and membrane potential determination methods. In this study we observed that antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles is because of the intrinsic defects that exist as a function of difference in size and milling time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20energy%20ball%20milling" title="high energy ball milling">high energy ball milling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnO%20nanoparticles" title=" ZnO nanoparticles"> ZnO nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EPR" title=" EPR"> EPR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antibacterial%20properties" title=" Antibacterial properties"> Antibacterial properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22745/antibacterial-property-of-zno-nanoparticles-effect-of-intrinsic-defects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22745.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">428</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">242</span> Changes in Serum Hepcidin Levels in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease during Anti-Inflammatory Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eva%20Karaskova">Eva Karaskova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jana%20Volejnikova"> Jana Volejnikova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dusan%20Holub"> Dusan Holub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Velganova-Veghova"> Maria Velganova-Veghova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michaela%20Spenerova"> Michaela Spenerova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dagmar%20Pospisilova"> Dagmar Pospisilova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Hepcidin is the central regulator of iron metabolism. Its production is mainly affected by an iron deficiency and the presence of inflammatory activity in the body. The aim of this study was to compare serum hepcidin levels in paediatric patients with newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease and hepcidin levels during maintenance therapy, correlate changes of serum hepcidin levels with selected markers of iron metabolism and inflammation and type of provided treatment. Methods: Children with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) were included in this prospective study. Blood and stool samples were collected before treatment (baseline). Serum hepcidin, hemoglobin levels, platelet counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL 6), ferritin, iron, soluble transferrin receptors, and fecal calprotectin were assessed. The same parameters were measured and compared with the baseline levels in the follow-up period, during maintenance therapy (average of 39 months after diagnosis). Results: Patients with CD (n=30) had higher serum hepcidin levels (expressed as a median and interquartile range) at diagnosis than subjects with UC (n=13). These levels significantly decreased during the follow-up (from 36.5 (11.5-79.6) ng/ml to 2.1 (0.9-6.7) ng/ml). Contrarily, no significant serum hepcidin level changes were observed in UC (from 5.4 (3.4-16.6) ng/ml to 4.8 (0.9-8.1) ng/ml). While in children with CD hepcidin level dynamics correlated with disease activity and inflammatory markers (ESR, CRP), an only correlation with serum iron levels was observed in patients with UC. Conclusion: Children with CD had higher serum hepcidin levels at diagnosis compared to subjects with UC. Decrease of serum hepcidin in the CD group during anti-inflammatory therapy has been observed, whereas low hepcidin levels in children with UC have remained unchanged. Acknowledgment: This study was supported by grant MH CZ–DRO (FNOl, 00098892). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title="children">children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Crohn%27s%20disease" title=" Crohn's disease"> Crohn's disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ulcerative%20colitis" title=" ulcerative colitis"> ulcerative colitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaemia" title=" anaemia"> anaemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepcidin" title=" hepcidin"> hepcidin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110841/changes-in-serum-hepcidin-levels-in-children-with-inflammatory-bowel-disease-during-anti-inflammatory-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110841.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">241</span> Associations between Physical Activity and Risk Factors for Type II Diabetes in Prediabetic Adults</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rukia%20Yosuf">Rukia Yosuf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Diabetes is a national healthcare crisis related to both macrovascular and microvascular complications. We hypothesized that higher levels of physical activity are associated with lower total and visceral fat mass, lower systolic blood pressure, and increased insulin sensitivity. Participant inclusion criteria: 21-50 years old, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, hemoglobin A1C 5.7-6.4, fasting glucose 100-125 mg/dL, and HOMA IR ≥ 2.5. Exclusion criteria: history of diabetes, hypertension, HIV, renal disease, hearing loss, alcoholic intake over four drinks daily, use of organic nitrates or PDE5 inhibitors, and decreased cardiac function. Total physical activity was measured using accelerometers, body composition using DXA, and insulin resistance via fsIVGTT. Clinical and biochemical cardiometabolic risk factors, blood pressure and heart rate were obtained using a calibrated sphygmomanometer. Anthropometric measures, fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profile, C-reactive protein, and BMP were analyzed using standard procedures. Within our study, we found correlations between levels of physical activity in a heterogeneous group of prediabetic adults. Patients with more physical activity had a higher degree of insulin sensitivity, lower blood pressure, total visceral adipose tissue, and overall lower total mass. Total physical activity levels showed small, but significant correlations with systolic blood pressure, visceral fat, lean mass and insulin sensitivity. After normalizing for the race, age, and gender using multiple regression, these associations were no longer significant considering our small sample size. More research into prediabetes will decrease the population of diabetics overall. In the future, we could increase sample size and conduct cross sectional and longitudinal studies in various populations with prediabetes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes" title="diabetes">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kidney%20disease" title=" kidney disease"> kidney disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nephrology" title=" nephrology"> nephrology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediabetes" title=" prediabetes"> prediabetes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140361/associations-between-physical-activity-and-risk-factors-for-type-ii-diabetes-in-prediabetic-adults" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">240</span> Revisiting Classic Triad of Japanese Spotted Fever: A Case Series of Forty-Three Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Kunitani">Y. Kunitani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Nakashima"> Y. Nakashima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Yamauchi"> S. Yamauchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Ishigami"> Y. Ishigami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Naito"> K. Naito</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Numata"> K. Numata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mizobe"> M. Mizobe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Homma"> Y. Homma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Takahashi"> J. Takahashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Inoue"> T. Inoue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Shiga"> T. Shiga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Funakoshi"> H. Funakoshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Japanese Spotted Fever (JSF) is one of the Rickettsial infections, caused by Rickettsia japonica, which is transmitted by ticks. JSF is seen in limited area, such as Japan and South Korea. Its clinical triad is rash, eschar and fever. It often shows leukocytopenia, thrombopenia, elevated transaminase and high C-reactive protein (CRP). Sometimes it can be life-threatening due to disseminated intravascular coagulation or multiple organ failure. Study Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the features of JSF, as this unique infection is rapidly growing in Japan. Methods: This is a case series of JSF from 2009 to 2016, in Mie Prefectural Hospital in Japan. We collected JSF cases, which were diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the skin or blood serum, or the elevation of the antibody titer of paired blood samples. Results: There were 43 JSF patients (19 male, 24 female) with a median age of 71 years [IQR:65-80]. The median body temperature was 38.1°C[IQR: 37.5-39.0]. 95% had a rash, 67% had eschar and 50% had fever. The median WBC count was 6,700 [IQR: 5,750-8,200] and leukocytopenia was observed in only 7%. The median platelet count was 14x104 [IQR10x104-17x104], thrombopenia was observed in 65%. The median aspartate transaminase (AST) was 53 IU/L [IQR: 41-93]; the median alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 34 IU/L [IQR: 24-54]; the median CRP was 10.4 mg/dL [IQR:7.2-13.9]; the median lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was 352IU/L [IQR:282-451]. CRP and LDH were elevated in almost all of the patients. Median length of stay in hospital was 8 days [IQR: 6-11]. All patients were treated with tetracycline and quinolone on the day of the presentation. There was no fatality from JSF. Conclusion: The patients with JSF classically presents with eschar, rash and fever. However, in this study, the half of the patients were afebrile. Although JSF is not a common infectious disease worldwide, if the patient had previously visited Japan or South Korea and presented with rash and eschar with or without fever, we should consider JSF as a potential diagnosis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infectious%20disease" title="infectious disease">infectious disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japanese%20spotted%20fever" title=" Japanese spotted fever"> Japanese spotted fever</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rickettsial%20disease" title=" Rickettsial disease"> Rickettsial disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rickettsia%20japonica" title=" Rickettsia japonica"> Rickettsia japonica</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74531/revisiting-classic-triad-of-japanese-spotted-fever-a-case-series-of-forty-three-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74531.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">239</span> Influence of Processing Parameters in Selective Laser Melting on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti/Tin Composites With in-situ and ex-situ Reinforcement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20S%C3%A1nchez%20de%20Rojas%20Candela">C. Sánchez de Rojas Candela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Riquelme"> A. Riquelme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Rodrigo"> P. Rodrigo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20D.%20Escalera-Rodr%C3%ADguez"> M. D. Escalera-Rodríguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Torres"> B. Torres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Rams"> J. Rams</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Selective laser melting is one of the most commonly used AM techniques. In it, a thin layer of metallic powder is deposited, and a laser is used to melt selected zones. The accumulation of layers, each one molten in the preselected zones, gives rise to the formation of a 3D sample with a nearly arbitrary design. To ensure that the properties of the final parts match those of the powder, all the process is carried out in an inert atmosphere, preferentially Ar, although this gas could be substituted. Ti6Al4V alloy is widely used in multiple industrial applications such as aerospace, maritime transport and biomedical, due to its properties. However, due to the demanding requirements of these applications, greater hardness and wear resistance are necessary, together with a better machining capacity, which currently limits its commercialization. To improve these properties, in this study, Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is used to manufacture Ti/TiN metal matrix composites with in-situ and ex-situ titanium nitride reinforcement where the scanning speed is modified (from 28.5 up to 65 mm/s) to study the influence of the processing parameters in SLM. A one-step method of nitriding the Ti6Al4V alloy is carried out to create in-situ TiN reinforcement in a reactive atmosphere and it is compared with ex-situ composites manufactured by previous mixture of both the titanium alloy powder and the ceramic reinforcement particles. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the different Ti/TiN composite materials have been analyzed. As a result, the existence of a similar matrix has been confirmed in in-situ and ex-situ fabrications and the growth mechanisms of the nitrides have been studied. An increase in the mechanical properties with respect to the initial alloy has been observed in both cases and related to changes in their microstructure. Specifically, a greater improvement (around 30.65%) has been identified in those manufactured by the in-situ method at low speeds although other properties such as porosity must be improved for their future industrial applicability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-situ%20reinforcement" title="in-situ reinforcement">in-situ reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitriding%20reaction" title=" nitriding reaction"> nitriding reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20laser%20melting" title=" selective laser melting"> selective laser melting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium%20nitride" title=" titanium nitride"> titanium nitride</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150850/influence-of-processing-parameters-in-selective-laser-melting-on-the-microstructure-and-mechanical-properties-of-titin-composites-with-in-situ-and-ex-situ-reinforcement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150850.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">238</span> Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles as Support for Classical Anti-cancer Therapies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadine%20Wiesmann">Nadine Wiesmann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melanie%20Viel"> Melanie Viel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christoph%20Buhr"> Christoph Buhr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachel%20Tanner"> Rachel Tanner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wolfgang%20Tremel"> Wolfgang Tremel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juergen%20Brieger"> Juergen Brieger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recidivation of tumors and the development of resistances against the classical anti-tumor approaches represent a major challenge we face when treating cancer. In order to master this challenge, we are in desperate need of new treatment options beyond the beaten tracks. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) represent such an innovative approach. Zinc oxide is characterized by a high level of biocompatibility, concurrently ZnO NPs are able to exert anti-tumor effects. By concentration of the nanoparticles at the tumor site, tumor cells can specifically be exposed to the nanoparticles while low zinc concentrations at off-target sites are tolerated well and can be excreted easily. We evaluated the toxicity of ZnO NPs in vitro with the help of immortalized tumor cell lines and primary cells stemming from healthy tissue. Additionally, the Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay (CAM Assay) was employed to gain insights into the in vivo behavior of the nanoparticles. We could show that ZnO NPs interact with tumor cells as nanoparticulate matter. Furthermore, the extensive release of zinc ions from the nanoparticles nearby and within the tumor cells results in overload with zinc. Beyond that, ZnO NPs were found to further the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We were able to show that tumor cells were more prone to the toxic effects of ZnO NPs at intermediate concentrations compared to fibroblasts. With the help of ZnO NPs covered by a silica shell in which FITC dye was incorporated, we were able to track ZnO NPs within tumor cells as well as within a whole organism in the CAM assay after injection into the bloodstream. Depending on the applied concentrations, selective tumor cell killing seems feasible. Furthermore, the combinational treatment of tumor cells with radiotherapy and ZnO NPs shows promising results. Still, further investigations are needed to gain a better understanding of the interaction between ZnO NPs and the human body to be able to pave the way for their application as an innovative anti-tumor agent in the clinics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20oxide%20nanoparticles" title="metal oxide nanoparticles">metal oxide nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanomedicine" title=" nanomedicine"> nanomedicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overcome%20resistances%20against%20classical%20treatment%20options" title=" overcome resistances against classical treatment options"> overcome resistances against classical treatment options</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20oxide%20nanoparticles" title=" zinc oxide nanoparticles"> zinc oxide nanoparticles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126048/zinc-oxide-nanoparticles-as-support-for-classical-anti-cancer-therapies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126048.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">237</span> A New Cytoprotective Drug on the Basis of Cytisine: Phase I Clinical Trial Results</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Yermekbayeva">B. Yermekbayeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Gulyayaev"> A. Gulyayaev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Nurgozhin"> T. Nurgozhin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Bektur"> C. Bektur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cytisine aminophosphonate under the name "Cytafat" was approved for clinical trials in Republic of Kazakhstan as a putative liver protecting drug for the treatment of acute toxic hepatitis. A method of conducting the clinical trial is a double blind study. Total number of patients -71, aged from 16 to 56 years. Research on healthy volunteers determined the maximal tolerable doze of "Cytafat" as 200 mg/kg. Side effects when administered at high dozes (100-200 mg/kg) are tachycardia and increase of arterial blood pressure. The drug is tested in the treatment of 28 patients with a syndrome of hepatocellular failure (a poisoning with substitutes of alcohol, rat poison, or medical products). "Cytafat" was intravenously administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg in 200 ml of 5 % glucose solution once daily. The number of administrations: 1-3. In the comparison group, 23 patients were treated intravenously once a day with “Essenciale H” at a dose of 10 ml. 20 patients received a placebo (10 ml of glucose intravenously). In all cases of toxic hepatopathology the significant positive clinical effect of the testing drug distinguishable from placebo and surpassing the alternative was observed. Within a day after administration a sharp reduction of cytolitic syndrome parameters (ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, thymol turbidity test, GGT) was registered, a reduction of the severity of cholestatic syndrome (bilirubin decreased) was recorded, significantly decreased indices of lipid peroxidation. The following day, in all cases the positive dynamics was determined with ultrasound study (reduction of diffuse changes and events of reactive pancreatitis), hepatomegaly disappeared. Normalization of all parameters occurred in 2-3 times faster, than when using the drug "Essenciale H" and placebo. Average term of elimination of toxic hepatopathy when using the drug "Cytafat" -2,8 days, "Essenciale H" -7,2 days, and placebo -10,6 days. The new drug "Cytafat" has expressed cytoprotective properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytisine" title="cytisine">cytisine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytoprotection" title=" cytoprotection"> cytoprotection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatopathy" title=" hepatopathy"> hepatopathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatoprotection" title=" hepatoprotection"> hepatoprotection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17282/a-new-cytoprotective-drug-on-the-basis-of-cytisine-phase-i-clinical-trial-results" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">236</span> Antioxidant Activity of Friedelin, Eudesmic Acid and Methyl-3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoate from Tapinanthus bangwensis (Engl., and K. Krause) [Loranthaceae] Grown in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Odunayo%20Christy%20Atewolara-Odule">Odunayo Christy Atewolara-Odule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olapeju%20O.%20Aiyelaagbe"> Olapeju O. Aiyelaagbe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The search for new natural anti-oxidants has grown tremendously over the years because reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress have been linked to a large number of human degenerative diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and diabetes. Tapinanthus bangwensis, a parasitic plant commonly known as mistletoe belonging to the Loranthaceae family, is mostly employed traditionally to treat inflammation, cancer, diabetes, and hypertension to mention a few. In this study, air-dried pulverized leaves and stem of Tapinanthus bangwensis were successively extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol to give the corresponding crude extracts. The extracts were purified by column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography to give the isolated compounds. Structural elucidation was done using mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infra-red, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The antioxidant activity of the compounds was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ascorbic acid as standard. Three compounds; Friedelin, Eudesmic acid (3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic) and Methyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate were isolated from the extracts of Tapinanthus bangwensis. Friedelin was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the stem while the two other compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves. The percentages of free radical scavenging activities of the compounds are as follows: Friedelin, 73.69%, methyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate, 79.33% and eudesmic, 87.68% anti-oxidant activity which were quite comparable to 93.96% given by ascorbic acid. We are reporting, to our best knowledge, for the first time the occurrence of friedelin and eudesmic acid in Tapinanthus bangwensis. The high anti-oxidant activity of these compounds supports the use of this plant in the management of diabetes and hypertension as they will be useful in combating complications arising from the disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=column%20chromatography" title="column chromatography">column chromatography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eudesmic%20acid" title=" eudesmic acid"> eudesmic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friedelin" title=" friedelin"> friedelin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tapinanthus%20bangwensis" title=" Tapinanthus bangwensis"> Tapinanthus bangwensis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93000/antioxidant-activity-of-friedelin-eudesmic-acid-and-methyl-345-trimethoxybenzoate-from-tapinanthus-bangwensis-engl-and-k-krause-loranthaceae-grown-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93000.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">235</span> Shear Stress and Oxygen Concentration Manipulation in a Micropillars Microfluidic Bioreactor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deybith%20Venegas-Rojas">Deybith Venegas-Rojas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jens%20Budde"> Jens Budde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dominik%20N%C3%B6rz"> Dominik Nörz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manfred%20J%C3%BCcker"> Manfred Jücker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoc%20Khiem%20Trieu"> Hoc Khiem Trieu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microfluidics is a promising approach for biomedicine cell culture experiments with microfluidic bioreactors (MBR), which can provide high precision in volume and time control over mass transport and microenvironments in small-scale studies. Nevertheless, shear stress and oxygen concentration are important factors that affect the microenvironment and then the cell culture. It is presented a novel MBR design in which differences in geometry, shear stress, and oxygen concentration were studied and optimized for cell culture. The aim is to mimic the in vivo condition with biocompatible materials and continuous perfusion of nutrients, a healthy shear stress, and oxygen concentration. The design consists of a capture system of PDMS micropillars which keep cells in place, so it is not necessary any hydrogel or complicated scaffolds for cells immobilization. Besides, the design allows continuous supply with nutrients or even any other chemical for cell experimentation. Finite element method simulations were used to study and optimize the effect of parameters such as flow rate, shear stress, oxygen concentration, micropillars shape, and dimensions. The micropillars device was fabricated with microsystem technology such as soft-lithography, deep reactive ion etching, self-assembled monolayer, replica molding, and oxygen plasma bonding. Eight different geometries were fabricated and tested, with different flow rates according to the simulations. During the experiments, it was observed the effect of micropillars size, shape, and configuration for stability and shear stress control when increasing flow rate. The device was tested with several successful HepG2 3D cell cultures. With this MBR, the aforementioned parameters can be controlled in order to keep a healthy microenvironment according to specific necessities of different cell types, with no need of hydrogels and can be used for a wide range of experiments with cells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20culture" title="cell culture">cell culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-bioreactor" title=" micro-bioreactor"> micro-bioreactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfluidics" title=" microfluidics"> microfluidics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micropillars" title=" micropillars"> micropillars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20concentration" title=" oxygen concentration"> oxygen concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20stress" title=" shear stress"> shear stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69676/shear-stress-and-oxygen-concentration-manipulation-in-a-micropillars-microfluidic-bioreactor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69676.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">234</span> Secondary True to Life Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanoplastics: Obtention, Characterization, and Hazard Evaluation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliro%20Villacorta">Aliro Villacorta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Rubio"> Laura Rubio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Alaraby"> Mohamed Alaraby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Montserrat%20L%C3%B3pez%20Mesas"> Montserrat López Mesas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Fuentes-Cebrian"> Victor Fuentes-Cebrian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oscar%20H.%20Moriones"> Oscar H. Moriones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ricard%20Marcos"> Ricard Marcos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alba%20Hern%C3%A1ndez."> Alba Hernández.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Micro and nano plastics (MNPLs) are emergent environmental pollutants requiring urgent information on their potential risks to human health. One of the problems associated with the evaluation of their undesirable effects is the lack of real samples matching those resulting from the environmental degradation of plastic wastes. To such end, we propose an easy method to obtain polyethylene terephthalate nano plastics from water plastic bottles (PET-NPLs) but, in principle, applicable to any other plastic goods sources. An extensive characterization indicates that the proposed process produces uniform samples of PET-NPLs of around 100 nm, as determined by using a multi-angle and dynamic light scattering methodology. An important point to be highlighted is that to avoid the metal contamination resulting from methods using metal blades/burrs for milling, trituration, or sanding, we propose to use diamond burrs to produce metal-free samples. To visualize the toxicological profile of the produced PET-NPLs, we have evaluated their ability to be internalized by cells, their cytotoxicity, and their ability to induce oxidative stress and induce DNA damage. In this preliminary approach, we have detected their cellular uptake, but without the induction of significant biological effects. Thus, no relevant increases in toxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction, or DNA damage -as detected with the comet assay- have been observed. The use of real samples, as produced in this study, will generate relevant data in the discussion about the potential health risks associated with MNPLs exposures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoplastics" title="nanoplastics">nanoplastics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylene%20terephthalate" title=" polyethylene terephthalate"> polyethylene terephthalate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical%20characterization" title=" physicochemical characterization"> physicochemical characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20uptake" title=" cell uptake"> cell uptake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytotoxicity" title=" cytotoxicity"> cytotoxicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152948/secondary-true-to-life-polyethylene-terephthalate-nanoplastics-obtention-characterization-and-hazard-evaluation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152948.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">233</span> A Comparison of Sulfur Mustard Cytotoxic Effects on the Two Human Lung Origin Cell Lines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Jost">P. Jost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Muckova"> L. Muckova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Matula"> M. Matula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Pejchal"> J. Pejchal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Jun"> D. Jun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Stetina"> R. Stetina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sulfur mustard (bis(2-chlorethyl) sulfide) is highly toxic, chemical warfare agent that has been used in the past in several armed conflicts. Except for the skin, respiratory tract is one of the important routes of exposure. The elucidation and understanding of the mechanism of toxicity of SM have been effort intensive research. The multiple targets character of SM caused cellular damage resulted in activation of many different mechanisms which contribute to cellular response and participate in the final cytopathology effect. In our present work, we compared time-dependent changes in sulfur mustard exposed adult human lung fibroblasts NHLF and lung epithelial alveolar cell line A-549. Cell viability (MTT assay, Calcein-AM assay, and xCELLigence - real-time cell analysis), apoptosis (flow cytometry), mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm, flow cytometry), reactive oxygen species induction (DC and cell cycle distribution (flow cytometry) were studied. We observed significantly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and subsequent induction of apoptosis correlating with decreased cellular viability in the sulfur mustard exposed cells. In low concentrations, sulfur mustard-induced S-phase cell cycle arrest, on the other hand, high concentrations, cell cycle phase distribution of sulfur mustard exposed cells resembled cell cycle phase distribution of control group, which implies nonspecific cell cycle inhibition. Epithelial cells A-549 was found as more sensible to sulfur mustard toxicity. Acknowledgements: This work was supported by a long-term organization development plan Medical Aspects of Weapons of Mass Destruction of the Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apoptosis" title="apoptosis">apoptosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20cycle" title=" cell cycle"> cell cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytotoxicity" title=" cytotoxicity"> cytotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulfur%20mustard" title=" sulfur mustard"> sulfur mustard</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74433/a-comparison-of-sulfur-mustard-cytotoxic-effects-on-the-two-human-lung-origin-cell-lines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74433.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">232</span> Cratoxy Formosum (Jack) Dyer Leaf Extract-Induced Human Breast and Liver Cancer Cells Death</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjaporn%20Buranrat">Benjaporn Buranrat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nootchanat%20Mairuae"> Nootchanat Mairuae</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cratoxylum formosum (Jack) Dyer (CF) has been used for the traditional medicines in South East Asian and Thailand. Normally, northeast Thai vegetables have proven cytotoxic to many cancer cells. Therefore, the present study aims to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying CF-induced cancer cell death and apoptosis on breast and liver cancer cells. The cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effects of CF on the human breast MCF-7 and liver HepG2 cancer cell lines were evaluated using sulforhodamine B assay and colony formation assay. Cell migration assay was measured using wound healing assay. The apoptosis induction mechanisms were investigated through reactive oxygen species formation, caspase 3 activity, and JC-1 activity. Gene expression by real-time PCR and apoptosis related protein levels by Western blot analysis. CF induced MCF-7 and HepG2 cell death by time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, CF had the greater cytotoxic potency on MCF-7 more than HepG2 cells with IC50 values of 85.70+4.52 μM and 219.03±9.96 μM respectively, at 24 h. Treatment with CF also caused a dose-dependent decrease in colony forming ability and cell migration, especially on MCF-7 cells. CF induced ROS formation, increased caspase 3 activities, and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, and causing apoptotic body production and DNA fragmentation. CF significantly decreased expression of the cell cycle regulatory protein RAC1 and downstream proteins, cdk6. Additionally, CF enhanced p21 and reduced cyclin D1 protein levels. CF leaf extract induced cell death, apoptosis, antimigration in both of MCF-7 and HepG2 cells. CF could be useful for developing to anticancer drug candidate for breast and liver cancer therapy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cratoxylum%20formosum%20%28jack%29%20dyer" title="cratoxylum formosum (jack) dyer">cratoxylum formosum (jack) dyer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title=" breast cancer"> breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liver%20cancer" title=" liver cancer"> liver cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20death" title=" cell death"> cell death</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52780/cratoxy-formosum-jack-dyer-leaf-extract-induced-human-breast-and-liver-cancer-cells-death" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20dyes&page=28" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20dyes&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20dyes&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20dyes&page=26">26</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20dyes&page=27">27</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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