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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;"><b>Minjung theology</b></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 1rem;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">민중신학</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 1rem;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">民衆神學</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">Revised Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">Minjung Sinhak</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">McCune–Reischauer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="McCune–Reischauer transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">Minjung Sinhak</i></span></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">Literally "the people's theology"</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Progressivism_in_South_Korea" title="Category:Progressivism in South Korea">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#800080"><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_South_Korea" title="Progressivism in South Korea"><span style="color:white;">Progressivism in South Korea</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg/90px-Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg/135px-Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg/180px-Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="354" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">School</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_progressivism" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural progressivism">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_progressivism" title="Economic progressivism">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">Green</a></li> <li>Nationalist</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinjwapa" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinjwapa">Shinjwapa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_radicalism" title="Classical radicalism">Radicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">Social liberalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment_in_Korea#Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment in Korea">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment_in_Korea#Effect_of_Japanese_rule_in_Korea" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-American_sentiment_in_Korea" title="Anti-American sentiment in Korea">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian socialism</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Minjung theology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">Civil rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in South Korea">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_South_Korea" title="Feminism in South Korea">Women's rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">Animal rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_egalitarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal egalitarianism">Legal egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">Mixed economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_nationalism" title="Korean nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_ethnic_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean ethnic nationalism">Ethnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%932011_Hanjin_Heavy_Industries_strike" title="2010–2011 Hanjin Heavy Industries strike">2010–2011 Hanjin Heavy Industries strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratization" title="Democratization">Democracy movements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932017_South_Korean_protests" title="2016–2017 South Korean protests">2016–2017 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_Revolution" title="April Revolution">April</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autumn_Uprising_of_1946" title="Autumn Uprising of 1946">Daegu (1946)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daegu_Democracy_Movement" title="Daegu Democracy Movement">Daegu (1960)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwangju_Uprising" title="Gwangju Uprising">Gwangju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_protest_songs" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean protest songs">Minjung-Gayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_Struggle" class="mw-redirect" title="June Struggle">June</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeju_uprising" title="Jeju uprising">Jeju uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_independence_movement" title="Korean independence movement">Korean independence movement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Undongkwon" title="Undongkwon">Undongkwon</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bong_Joon-ho" title="Bong Joon-ho">Bong Joon-ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha-Joon_Chang" title="Ha-Joon Chang">Ha-Joon Chang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cho_Bong-am" title="Cho Bong-am">Cho Bong-am</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Sehwa" title="Hong Sehwa">Hong Sehwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Seok-cheon" title="Hong Seok-cheon">Hong Seok-cheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jang_Hye-young" title="Jang Hye-young">Jang Hye-young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeon_Tae-il" title="Jeon Tae-il">Jeon Tae-il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Yeo-jin" title="Kim Yeo-jin">Kim Yeo-jin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Hyori" title="Lee Hyori">Lee Hyori</a></li> <li><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%81%ED%9D%AC" class="extiw" title="ko:리영희"> Lee Yeong-hui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lim_Su-kyung" title="Lim Su-kyung">Lim Su-kyung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyuh_Woon-hyung" title="Lyuh Woon-hyung">Lyuh Woon-hyung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Ik-hwan" title="Moon Ik-hwan">Moon Ik-hwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pak_Noja" title="Pak Noja">Pak Noja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Chan-wook" title="Park Chan-wook">Park Chan-wook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhyu_Si-min" title="Rhyu Si-min">Rhyu Si-min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryu_Ho-jeong" title="Ryu Ho-jeong">Ryu Ho-jeong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roh_Hoe-chan" title="Roh Hoe-chan">Roh Hoe-chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roh_Su-hui" title="Roh Su-hui">Roh Su-hui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sim_Sang-jung" title="Sim Sang-jung">Sim Sang-jung</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Income_Party" title="Basic Income Party">Basic Income Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Independent_Party" title="Democratic Independent Party">Democratic Independent Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Labor_Party_(South_Korea)" title="Democratic Labor Party (South Korea)">Democratic Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_Korea" title="Green Party Korea">Green Party Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hankyoreh_Democratic_Party" title="Hankyoreh Democratic Party">Hankyoreh Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_(South_Korea)" title="Justice Party (South Korea)">Justice Party</a> (Present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_(South_Korea)" title="Labor Party (South Korea)">Labor Party</a> (Present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboring_People%27s_Party" title="Laboring People's Party">Laboring People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirae_Party" title="Mirae Party">Mirae Party</a> (Present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Progressive_Party_(South_Korea)" title="New Progressive Party (South Korea)">New Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participation_Party" title="Participation Party">Participation Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(South_Korea,_1956)" title="Progressive Party (South Korea, 1956)">Progressive Party (1956)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(South_Korea,_2017)" title="Progressive Party (South Korea, 2017)">Progressive Party (2017)</a> (Present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Party_(South_Korea)" title="Popular Party (South Korea)">Popular Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Progressive_Party" title="Unified Progressive Party">Unified Progressive Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="font-style:italic"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OhmyNews" title="OhmyNews">OhmyNews</a></li> <li><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%88" class="extiw" title="ko:프레시안">Pressian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_the_People_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Voice of the People (website)">Voice of the People</a></li> <li><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%AC%EC%84%B1%EC%8B%A0%EB%AC%B8" class="extiw" title="ko:여성신문">Yeoseong Shinmun</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handaeryeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Handaeryeon">Handaeryeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanchongnyon" title="Hanchongnyon">Hanchongnyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_movement_of_South_Korea" title="Labor movement of South Korea">Labor movement of South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_South_Korea" title="Progressivism in South Korea">Progressivism in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Korea" title="Politics of South Korea">Politics of South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialtainer" title="Socialtainer">Socialtainer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_South_Korea" title="Trade unions in South Korea">Trade unions in South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Confederation_of_Trade_Unions" title="Korean Confederation of Trade Unions">Korean Confederation of Trade Unions</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/16px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/24px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/32px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Korea" title="Portal:South Korea">South Korea portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Progressivism_in_South_Korea" title="Template:Progressivism in South Korea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Progressivism_in_South_Korea" title="Template talk:Progressivism in South Korea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Progressivism_in_South_Korea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Progressivism in South Korea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Minjung theology</b> (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">민중신학</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">RR</a>: <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Minjung" title="Minjung">Minjung</a> Sinhak</i></span>; <abbr title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> the people's theology) emerged in the 1970s from the experience of South Korean Christians in the struggle for <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a people's theology, and, according to its authors, "a development of the political <a href="/wiki/Hermeneutics" title="Hermeneutics">hermeneutics</a> of the Gospel in terms of the Korean reality."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is part of a wider Asian theological ferment, but it was not designed for export. It "is firmly rooted in a particular situation, and growing out of the struggles of Christians who embrace their own history as well as the universal message of the Bible."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minjung_theology&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Minjung theology first began in South Korea in the 1950s and 1960s after the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Huang_2020_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huang_2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was preached in a minority of Protestant churches.<sup id="cite_ref-Hazzan_2016_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hazzan_2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The theology gained popularity in the 1970s during the dictatorship of <a href="/wiki/Park_Chung_Hee" title="Park Chung Hee">Park Chung Hee</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Third_Republic_of_Korea" title="Third Republic of Korea">Third Republic of Korea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wadhwa_2021_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wadhwa_2021-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two Protestant theologians considered to be the creators of minjung theology are <a href="/wiki/Ahn_Byung-Mu" title="Ahn Byung-Mu">Ahn Byung-mu</a> and Suh Nam-dong, who were both Kijang pastors that joined the minjung movement after the death of <a href="/wiki/Jeon_Tae-il" title="Jeon Tae-il">Jeon Tae-il</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jeon Tae-il was a factory worker and union organizer who had burned himself to death along with a copy of South Korea's labor laws in an act of political and religious protest.<sup id="cite_ref-O'dwyer_2014_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'dwyer_2014-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1972, Ahn Byung-mu wrote his first article on minjung as a theological theme, which he called "Jesus and Minjung."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Catholic writer and artist named <a href="/wiki/Kim_Chi-ha" title="Kim Chi-ha">Kim Chi-ha</a> is credited with inspiring much of minjung thought with graphic depictions of the Korean Christ suffering alongside the minjung.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ahn_Byung-Mu" title="Ahn Byung-Mu">Ahn Byung-mu</a>, Suh Nam-dong, Hyun Young-Hak, and <a href="/wiki/Kim_Yong-Bock" title="Kim Yong-Bock">Kim Yong-Bock</a> are considered first generation minjung theologians.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As South Korea has grown to be more a prosperous nation, later generations of minjung theologians have needed to reevaluate who are the poor and oppressed minjung of Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, a number of minjung theologians such as <a href="/wiki/Park_Soon-kyung" title="Park Soon-kyung">Park Soon-kyung</a> have focused on questions of reunification with North Korea, identifying the minjung as all those oppressed in both Koreas.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Priests_Association_for_Justice" title="Catholic Priests Association for Justice">Catholic Priests' Association for Justice</a> (CPAJ) and Fr. Park Chang-Shin are associated with liberation theology in Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-Huang_2020_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huang_2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1970s theologians began exploring the theme of minjung liberation and many were removed from their positions at universities and seminaries for coming to the defense of those who were oppressed and imprisoned by the Park Chung Hee regime and the <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Service_(South_Korea)" title="National Intelligence Service (South Korea)">Korean Central Intelligence Agency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Minjung movements that are important for understanding the Korean context include the <a href="/wiki/Tonghak_Peasant_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonghak Peasant Revolution">Tonghak Peasant Revolution</a>, the <a href="/wiki/March_1st_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1st Movement">March 1st Movement</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/April_Revolution" title="April Revolution">April Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Theology develops out of a human analysis of God's interactions with the world in a given historical and cultural context, and Christian theology has predominately been defined and expressed within a Western context. Minjung theology asserts that God speaks to all historical and cultural contexts including the conditions of Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proponents of Minjung theology believe that the context of Korea is similar in many ways to the stories found in the bible, and that God is demonstrably on the side of the poor and oppressed throughout the books of the Bible.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word Minjung translates literally as "the mass of people," but a more comprehensive definition of the term is "those who are oppressed politically, exploited economically, alienated socially, and kept uneducated in cultural and intellectual matters." Another way of putting it is that the minjung are <a href="/wiki/Han_(cultural)" title="Han (cultural)">han</a>-ridden people, which is a Korean word that roughly translates as resentment.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Minjung is contrasted by the paeksung who accept oppression and the word inmin meaning a national identity.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Old Testament was written from the perspective of people in positions of power, but the stories are often about the liberation of the minjung. For instance, <a href="/wiki/The_Exodus" title="The Exodus">the Exodus</a>, a story told from the perspective of <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>, is about the liberation of the Hebrew people from the oppressive rule of the Egyptian Pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Rameses II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Exodus story has parallels to Korean history because Koreans have endured under brutal governments for most of its history.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first Protestant missionaries in Korea such as <a href="/wiki/Horace_Newton_Allen" title="Horace Newton Allen">Horace Newton Allen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Appenzeller" title="Henry Appenzeller">Henry Appenzeller</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Horace_Grant_Underwood" title="Horace Grant Underwood">Horace Grant Underwood</a> began their missions among the lower classes. For instance, in 1885 the Protestant missions opened a school for girls that was attended by minjung but was dismissed by the <a href="/wiki/Yangban" title="Yangban">yang ban</a>. These missionaries discovered that the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese language</a> was being used by the upper-classes, so the missionaries began using <a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a> and translated the Bible into Hangul between 1887 and 1900.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1893, the <a href="/wiki/John_Livingstone_Nevius#The_Nevius_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="John Livingstone Nevius">Nevius Plan</a> was adopted by Protestant missions, which stated that: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>1. It is better to aim at the conversion of the working classes than that of the higher classes. </p><p>2. The conversion of women and the training of Christian girls should be a special aim, since mothers exercise so important an influence over future generations. </p><p>3. The Word of God converts where humankind is without resources; therefore it is most important that we make every effort to place a clear translation of the Bible before the people as soon as possible. </p><p> 4. The mass of Koreans must be led to Christ by their own fellow country men; therefore we shall thoroughly train a few as evangelists rather than preach to a multitude ourselves.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Cyris H. S. Moon and Mun Hŭi-sŏk, A Korean Minjung Theology: An Old Testament Perspective, Chapter 2, Page 11</cite></div></blockquote> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prison_Release_of_Korean_activists.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Prison_Release_of_Korean_activists.JPG/200px-Prison_Release_of_Korean_activists.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Prison_Release_of_Korean_activists.JPG/300px-Prison_Release_of_Korean_activists.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Prison_Release_of_Korean_activists.JPG/400px-Prison_Release_of_Korean_activists.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="837" /></a><figcaption>Liberation of Korea</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Donghak_Peasant_Revolution" title="Donghak Peasant Revolution">Tonghak rebellion</a>, the minjung held the belief that "humanity is heaven" and that the lower classes were subjects of history rather than simply objects being acted upon. However, in the early 1900s Protestant missionaries became disconnected from the minjung and after the <a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1905" title="Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905">Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905</a>, Protestant churches no longer focused on the political oppression of the minjung and were more concerned with the saving of souls. </p><p>Once Korea was officially annexed to Japan in the <a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1910" title="Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910">Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910</a> Koreans were expected to recognize the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Rescript_on_Education" title="Imperial Rescript on Education">Imperial Rescript on Education</a> and the divinity or <a href="/wiki/Arahitogami" title="Arahitogami">Arahitogami</a> of the emperor. <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Korea under Japanese rule</a> led to the <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Korea#Christianity_under_Japanese_occupation,_1910-1945" title="Christianity in Korea">persecution of Christians</a> who began to interpret the bible within the context of their struggle for independence by turning to the Exodus story and would culminate in the <a href="/wiki/March_1st_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1st Movement">March 1st Movement</a>. Twenty-two percent of the participants in the movement and much of the leadership consisted of Christians, but the movement was crushed by the Japanese military. Christian missionaries found it necessary to collaborate with Japanese authorities, and between 1920 and 1945 Korean churches became fundamentalist and focused on Western theology while also giving into Japanese demands to recognize the divinity of the emperor. At the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, in 1945, the Korean minjung achieved <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Day_of_Korea" title="National Liberation Day of Korea">independence</a> from Japan in much the same way that the Hebrew people liberated themselves from the Egyptians.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theology">Theology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minjung_theology&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Theology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>multitude</i> is uniquely important within minjung theology. Minjung theology is a belief that is concerned with the experience of the lower classes or the <i>multitude</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilcox_2013_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilcox_2013-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahn Byung Mu viewed Jesus as a collective event wherein Jesus comes as the Messiah for the poor and oppressed masses of people.<sup id="cite_ref-Sharma_2018_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sharma_2018-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Minjung theology is a <a href="/wiki/Postcolonial_theology" title="Postcolonial theology">postcolonial theology</a>. When the life of Jesus is interpreted within different Asian contexts he is often cast in a subversive light, defying both locally established and colonial powers. In Korea, Jesus took on the role of the suffering and impoverished of the <a href="/wiki/Democratization_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratization Movement">democratization movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dabashi_2020_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dabashi_2020-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Minjung theology focuses on Jesus being the friend of the poor and his powerlessness during <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">crucifixion</a> leading up to his <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">resurrection</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Langan_2020_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Langan_2020-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Minjung theology was inspired by the liberation theology being preached in Latin America.<sup id="cite_ref-Cox_2013_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cox_2013-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahn Byung Mu is the biggest proponent of minjung theology.<sup id="cite_ref-Balakrishnan_2018_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balakrishnan_2018-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Minjung theology was influenced by <a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Messianism" title="Messianism">Messianism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Engelberto_2020_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Engelberto_2020-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Minjung theology views the oppressed masses as subjects of change rather than objects of history.<sup id="cite_ref-O'dwyer_2014_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'dwyer_2014-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minjung_theology&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his book <i>Grassroots Asian Theology</i>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Chan_(theologian)" title="Simon Chan (theologian)">Simon Chan</a> criticizes minjung theology for being an elitist interpretation of grassroots theology in South Korea that ignores the actual beliefs of the minjung.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>William Huang of the conservative <i>MercatorNet</i> has criticized believers in minjung theology for supporting restrictions on beef imports from America, encouraging peaceful dialogue with North Korea, and calling for the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Act_(South_Korea)" title="National Security Act (South Korea)">National Security Act</a> to be repealed.<sup id="cite_ref-Huang_2020_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huang_2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hyunsook Park of <i>Christian Today</i> has criticized believers in minjung theology for not taking a literal interpretation of the bible, being more concerned with collective sin and <a href="/wiki/Structural_violence" title="Structural violence">structural violence</a> than it is with individual sins, being more concerned with the material world rather than the eternal afterlife, for favoring the poor over other groups of people, and for being affirming of <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT+</a> people.<sup id="cite_ref-Hyunsook_2020_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hyunsook_2020-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kim Jin-young of <i>Christian Today</i> has criticized proponents of minjung theology for putting <a href="/wiki/Kim_Il-sung" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim Il-sung">Kim Il-sung</a>, liberation, and labor before God. He also compared minjung theology with <a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jin-young_2018_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jin-young_2018-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lee Youngjin of <i>Christian Today</i> has criticized minjung theology for putting people first rather than God.<sup id="cite_ref-Daewoong_2019_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daewoong_2019-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minjung_theology&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKimKim2023" class="citation journal cs1">Kim, Andrew Eungi; Kim, Jongman (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saet.ac.uk/Christianity/MinjungTheology#section1">"Minjung Theology"</a>. <i>St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St+Andrews+Encyclopaedia+of+Theology&rft.atitle=Minjung+Theology&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Andrew+Eungi&rft.au=Kim%2C+Jongman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.saet.ac.uk%2FChristianity%2FMinjungTheology%23section1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuh1983">Suh 1983</a>, p. 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWickeri1985">Wickeri 1985</a>, p. 461</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Huang_2020-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Huang_2020_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Huang_2020_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Huang_2020_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuang2020" class="citation web cs1">Huang, William (2020-05-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mercatornet.com/korean-christianity-thriving-in-megachurches-deserted-by-youth/62818/">"Korean Christianity: Thriving in Megachurches, Deserted by Youth"</a>. <i>MercatorNet</i>. New Media Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201022153844/https://mercatornet.com/korean-christianity-thriving-in-megachurches-deserted-by-youth/62818/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MercatorNet&rft.atitle=Korean+Christianity%3A+Thriving+in+Megachurches%2C+Deserted+by+Youth&rft.date=2020-05-13&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmercatornet.com%2Fkorean-christianity-thriving-in-megachurches-deserted-by-youth%2F62818%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hazzan_2016-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hazzan_2016_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHazzan2016" class="citation web cs1">Hazzan, Dave (2016-04-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2016/04/christianity-and-korea/">"Christianity and Korea: How Did the Religion Become So Apparently Prevalent in South Korea?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Diplomat_(magazine)" title="The Diplomat (magazine)">The Diplomat</a></i>. Diplomat Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210221141625/https://thediplomat.com/2016/04/christianity-and-korea/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-02-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Diplomat&rft.atitle=Christianity+and+Korea%3A+How+Did+the+Religion+Become+So+Apparently+Prevalent+in+South+Korea%3F&rft.date=2016-04-07&rft.aulast=Hazzan&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2016%2F04%2Fchristianity-and-korea%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wadhwa_2021-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wadhwa_2021_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWadhwa2021" class="citation web cs1">Wadhwa, Soni (2021-01-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scroll.in/article/880126/motherly-figure-hindu-mystic-or-jain-pilgrim-jesus-has-always-been-interpreted-differently-in-asia">"Motherly figure, Hindu mystic or Jain pilgrim: Jesus has always been interpreted differently in Asia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Scroll.in" title="Scroll.in">Scroll.in</a></i>. Scroll Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128143424/https://scroll.in/article/880126/motherly-figure-hindu-mystic-or-jain-pilgrim-jesus-has-always-been-interpreted-differently-in-asia">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-01-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scroll.in&rft.atitle=Motherly+figure%2C+Hindu+mystic+or+Jain+pilgrim%3A+Jesus+has+always+been+interpreted+differently+in+Asia&rft.date=2021-01-28&rft.aulast=Wadhwa&rft.aufirst=Soni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscroll.in%2Farticle%2F880126%2Fmotherly-figure-hindu-mystic-or-jain-pilgrim-jesus-has-always-been-interpreted-differently-in-asia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKimKim2014">Kim & Kim 2014</a>: "Two Protestant theologians are regarded as the originators of minjung theology: Ahn Byung-mu and Suh Nam-dong both were Kijang pastors who were prompted to join the minjung movement by the death of Jeon Tae-il."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'dwyer_2014-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-O'dwyer_2014_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-O'dwyer_2014_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'dwyer2014" class="citation web cs1">O'dwyer, Shaun (2014-06-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2014/06/03/commentary/world-commentary/tank-mans-defiance/">"The Tank Man's Defiance"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Japan_Times" title="The Japan Times">The Japan Times</a></i>. News2u Holdings. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200813153606/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2014/06/03/commentary/world-commentary/tank-mans-defiance/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-08-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=The+Tank+Man%27s+Defiance&rft.date=2014-06-03&rft.aulast=O%27dwyer&rft.aufirst=Shaun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fopinion%2F2014%2F06%2F03%2Fcommentary%2Fworld-commentary%2Ftank-mans-defiance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKimKim2013">Kim & Kim 2013</a>: "According to his memory, it was in 1972 that he had written for the first time an article dealing with minjung as a theological theme called 'Jesus and Minjung.'"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKimKim2014">Kim & Kim 2014</a>: "The Catholic writer and artist Kim Chi-ha was the inspiration for much minjung thought ... His pictures, writings and plays vividly portray the Korean Christ who is brutally treated and suffers with the minjung"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKüster2010">Küster 2010</a>, p. xi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimKim2023" class="citation journal cs1">Kim, Andrew Eungi; Kim, Jongman (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saet.ac.uk/Christianity/MinjungTheology#section2">"Minjung Theology"</a>. <i>St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St+Andrews+Encyclopaedia+of+Theology&rft.atitle=Minjung+Theology&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Andrew+Eungi&rft.au=Kim%2C+Jongman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.saet.ac.uk%2FChristianity%2FMinjungTheology%23section2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimKim2023" class="citation journal cs1">Kim, Andrew Eungi; Kim, Jongman (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saet.ac.uk/Christianity/MinjungTheology#section6">"Minjung Theology"</a>. <i>St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St+Andrews+Encyclopaedia+of+Theology&rft.atitle=Minjung+Theology&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Andrew+Eungi&rft.au=Kim%2C+Jongman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.saet.ac.uk%2FChristianity%2FMinjungTheology%23section6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKimKim2014">Kim & Kim 2014</a>: "In the late 1970s, as the activists for democracy came to see the division of the peninsula as the chief hindrance to freedom in both South and North, they began to give serious consideration to reunification."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoonMun1985">Moon & Mun 1985</a>, p. ix, Introduction</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoonMun1985">Moon & Mun 1985</a>, p. x, Introduction</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoonMun1985">Moon & Mun 1985</a>, p. v, Preface</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoonMun1985">Moon & Mun 1985</a>, p. vi, Preface</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoonMun1985">Moon & Mun 1985</a>, p. 1, chpt. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoonMun1985">Moon & Mun 1985</a>, p. 2, chpt. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoonMun1985">Moon & Mun 1985</a>, p. 3, chpt. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoonMun1985">Moon & Mun 1985</a>, p. 7, chpt. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoonMun1985">Moon & Mun 1985</a>, pp. 10–11, chpt. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoonMun1985">Moon & Mun 1985</a>, pp. 12–17, chpt. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilcox_2013-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wilcox_2013_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilcox2013" class="citation web cs1">Wilcox, Susan (2013-11-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncronline.org/books/2017/08/authors-theology-grounded-class-struggle">"Authors' Theology Grounded in Class Struggle"</a>. <i>National Catholic Reporter</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Jesus+in+Asia+review%3A+A+question+of+faith&rft.date=2018-03-03&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft.aulast=Balakrishnan&rft.aufirst=Uday&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fbooks%2Fbooks-reviews%2Fjesus-in-asia-review-a-question-of-faith%2Farticle22918232.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Engelberto_2020-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Engelberto_2020_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNamsa2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Namsa, Engelberto (2020-04-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jubi.co.id/teologi-pembebasan-asia-bertolak-dari-keresahan-masyarakat/">"Teologi Pembebasan Asia: Bertolak Dari Keresahan Masyarakat"</a> [Asian Liberation Theology: Departing From Societal Unrest]. <i>Jubi</i> (in Indonesian). Indonesian Press Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210506170731/https://jubi.co.id/teologi-pembebasan-asia-bertolak-dari-keresahan-masyarakat/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-05-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jubi&rft.atitle=Teologi+Pembebasan+Asia%3A+Bertolak+Dari+Keresahan+Masyarakat&rft.date=2020-04-06&rft.aulast=Namsa&rft.aufirst=Engelberto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjubi.co.id%2Fteologi-pembebasan-asia-bertolak-dari-keresahan-masyarakat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChan2014">Chan 2014</a>, p. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hyunsook_2020-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hyunsook_2020_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHyunsook2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hyunsook, Park (2020-08-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christiandaily.co.kr/news/93992">"Bosusinhakgwa Haebang-Minjung Sinhak" <bdi lang="ko">보수신학과 해방-민중 신학</bdi></a> [Conservative Theology and Liberation-Folk Theology]. <i>Christian Daily</i> (in Korean). German Report. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210116033252/https://www.christiandaily.co.kr/news/93992">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-01-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christian+Daily&rft.atitle=Bosusinhakgwa+Haebang-Minjung+Sinhak+%EB%B3%B4%EC%88%98%EC%8B%A0%ED%95%99%EA%B3%BC+%ED%95%B4%EB%B0%A9-%EB%AF%BC%EC%A4%91+%EC%8B%A0%ED%95%99&rft.date=2020-08-24&rft.aulast=Hyunsook&rft.aufirst=Park&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christiandaily.co.kr%2Fnews%2F93992&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jin-young_2018-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jin-young_2018_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJin-young2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jin-young, Kim (2018-12-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christiantoday.co.kr/news/318260">"Nyuseuaenjoi Gwallyeon Danchedeul, 'Yesugyo'nya 'Suryeonggyo'nya" <bdi lang="ko">뉴스앤조이 관련 단체들, '예수교'냐 '수령교'냐</bdi></a> [News & Joy Related Organizations, 'Jesus Church' or 'Recipient Church']. <i>Christian Today</i> (in Korean). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200122190646/https://www.christiantoday.co.kr/news/318260">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-01-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christian+Today&rft.atitle=Nyuseuaenjoi+Gwallyeon+Danchedeul%2C+%27Yesugyo%27nya+%27Suryeonggyo%27nya+%EB%89%B4%EC%8A%A4%EC%95%A4%EC%A1%B0%EC%9D%B4+%EA%B4%80%EB%A0%A8+%EB%8B%A8%EC%B2%B4%EB%93%A4%2C+%27%EC%98%88%EC%88%98%EA%B5%90%27%EB%83%90+%27%EC%88%98%EB%A0%B9%EA%B5%90%27%EB%83%90&rft.date=2018-12-08&rft.aulast=Jin-young&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christiantoday.co.kr%2Fnews%2F318260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daewoong_2019-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Daewoong_2019_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoungjinDaewoong2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Youngjin, Lee; Daewoong, Lee (2019-07-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christiantoday.co.kr/news/323544">"Minjungsinhagi Jeonyeomdoeneun Gaeyo" <bdi lang="ko">민중신학이 전염되는 개요</bdi></a> [Overview of the Contagion of Minjung Theology]. <i>Christian Today</i> (in Korean). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191027034959/https://www.christiantoday.co.kr/news/323544">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-10-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christian+Today&rft.atitle=Minjungsinhagi+Jeonyeomdoeneun+Gaeyo+%EB%AF%BC%EC%A4%91%EC%8B%A0%ED%95%99%EC%9D%B4+%EC%A0%84%EC%97%BC%EB%90%98%EB%8A%94+%EA%B0%9C%EC%9A%94&rft.date=2019-07-15&rft.aulast=Youngjin&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft.au=Daewoong%2C+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christiantoday.co.kr%2Fnews%2F323544&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minjung_theology&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuh1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Kwang-sun_Suh" title="David Kwang-sun Suh">Suh, David Kwang-sun</a> (1983). "A Biographical Sketch of an Asian Theological Consultation". In Kim, Yongbock (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rcs8AAAAYAAJ"><i>Minjung Theology: People as the Subjects of History</i></a>. The University of Virginia: <a href="/wiki/Zed_Books" title="Zed Books">Zed Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780862321918" title="Special:BookSources/9780862321918"><bdi>9780862321918</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-12-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Biographical+Sketch+of+an+Asian+Theological+Consultation&rft.btitle=Minjung+Theology%3A+People+as+the+Subjects+of+History&rft.place=The+University+of+Virginia&rft.pub=Zed+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=9780862321918&rft.aulast=Suh&rft.aufirst=David+Kwang-sun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRcs8AAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKüster2010" class="citation book cs1">Küster, Volker (2010-03-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LCkmEKIy7OIC"><i>A Protestant Theology of Passion: Korean Minjung Theology Revisited</i></a>. Leiden, Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2Fej.9789004175235.i-203.42">10.1163/ej.9789004175235.i-203.42</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004175235" title="Special:BookSources/9789004175235"><bdi>9789004175235</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-12-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Protestant+Theology+of+Passion%3A+Korean+Minjung+Theology+Revisited&rft.place=Leiden%2C+Netherlands&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2010-03-26&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2Fej.9789004175235.i-203.42&rft.isbn=9789004175235&rft.aulast=K%C3%BCster&rft.aufirst=Volker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLCkmEKIy7OIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWickeri1985" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_L._Wickeri" title="Philip L. Wickeri">Wickeri, Philip L.</a> (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050211084644/http://theologytoday.ptsem.edu/jan1985/v41-4-tabletalk2.htm">"Asian Theologies in Review"</a>. <i>Theology Today</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ptsem.edu/academics/theology/overview">the original</a> on 2005-02-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2005-11-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Theology+Today&rft.atitle=Asian+Theologies+in+Review&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Wickeri&rft.aufirst=Philip+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ptsem.edu%2Facademics%2Ftheology%2Foverview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimKim2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Kim" title="Sebastian Kim">Kim, Sebastian C. H.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kirsteen_Kim" title="Kirsteen Kim">Kim, Kirsteen</a> (2014-11-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F4FIBQAAQBAJ"><i>A History of Korean Christianity</i></a>. Cambridge, England: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781316123140" title="Special:BookSources/9781316123140"><bdi>9781316123140</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-12-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Korean+Christianity&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014-11-24&rft.isbn=9781316123140&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Sebastian+C.+H.&rft.au=Kim%2C+Kirsteen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF4FIBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoonMun1985" class="citation book cs1">Moon, Cyris H. S.; Mun, Hŭi-sŏk (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IUaPQgAACAAJ&q=A+Korean+minjung+theology+:+an+Old+Testament+perspective"><i>A Korean Minjung Theology: An Old Testament Perspective</i></a>. Orbis Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88344-250-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88344-250-0"><bdi>978-0-88344-250-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Korean+Minjung+Theology%3A+An+Old+Testament+Perspective&rft.pub=Orbis+Books&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-88344-250-0&rft.aulast=Moon&rft.aufirst=Cyris+H.+S.&rft.au=Mun%2C+H%C5%ADi-s%C5%8Fk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIUaPQgAACAAJ%26q%3DA%2BKorean%2Bminjung%2Btheology%2B%3A%2Ban%2BOld%2BTestament%2Bperspective&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChan2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Chan_(theologian)" title="Simon Chan (theologian)">Chan, Simon</a> (2014-05-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9yiLAwAAQBAJ"><i>Grassroots Asian Theology: Thinking the Faith from the Ground Up</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/InterVarsity_Press" title="InterVarsity Press">InterVarsity Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-9544-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-9544-1"><bdi>978-0-8308-9544-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grassroots+Asian+Theology%3A+Thinking+the+Faith+from+the+Ground+Up&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2014-05-02&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-9544-1&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9yiLAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimKim2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Yung_Suk_Kim" title="Yung Suk Kim">Kim, Yung Suk</a>; Kim, Jin-Ho (2013-09-16). "2". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EW9JAwAAQBAJ&q=Minjung+theology"><i>Reading Minjung Theology in the Twenty-First Century: Selected Writings by Ahn Byung-Mu and Modern Critical Responses</i></a>. Wipf and Stock Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62189-876-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62189-876-4"><bdi>978-1-62189-876-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=2&rft.btitle=Reading+Minjung+Theology+in+the+Twenty-First+Century%3A+Selected+Writings+by+Ahn+Byung-Mu+and+Modern+Critical+Responses&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2013-09-16&rft.isbn=978-1-62189-876-4&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Yung+Suk&rft.au=Kim%2C+Jin-Ho&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEW9JAwAAQBAJ%26q%3DMinjung%2Btheology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minjung_theology&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1933" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Dong-won D. (1933). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MjajwwEACAAJ"><i>A Critical Analysis of Korean Minjung Theology: Overview, Critique and Alternative</i></a>. Trinity Evangelical Divinity School.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Critical+Analysis+of+Korean+Minjung+Theology%3A+Overview%2C+Critique+and+Alternative&rft.pub=Trinity+Evangelical+Divinity+School&rft.date=1933&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Dong-won+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMjajwwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1988" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Jung Young (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xvwQAQAAIAAJ"><i>An Emerging Theology in World Perspective: Commentary on Korean Minjung Theology</i></a>. Twenty-Third Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89622-378-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89622-378-3"><bdi>978-0-89622-378-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Emerging+Theology+in+World+Perspective%3A+Commentary+on+Korean+Minjung+Theology&rft.pub=Twenty-Third+Publications&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-89622-378-3&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Jung+Young&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxvwQAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchüttke-Scherle1989" class="citation book cs1">Schüttke-Scherle, Peter (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8m_YAAAAMAAJ"><i>From Contextual to Ecumenical Theology?: A Dialogue Between Minjung Theology and "theology After Auschwitz"</i></a>. P. Lang. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-631-41890-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-631-41890-1"><bdi>978-3-631-41890-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Contextual+to+Ecumenical+Theology%3F%3A+A+Dialogue+Between+Minjung+Theology+and+%22theology+After+Auschwitz%22&rft.pub=P.+Lang&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-3-631-41890-1&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%BCttke-Scherle&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8m_YAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1990" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Kwang Hee (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QFhQnQEACAAJ"><i>Evaluation of Minjung Theology from the Reformed Position: Critique of Its Religious Ground Motive</i></a>. Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evaluation+of+Minjung+Theology+from+the+Reformed+Position%3A+Critique+of+Its+Religious+Ground+Motive&rft.pub=Westminster+Theological+Seminary%2C+Philadelphia&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Kwang+Hee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQFhQnQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Yong-Bock" title="Kim Yong-Bock">Kim, Yong-bok</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cUSxAAAACAAJ"><i>Messiah and Minjung: Christ's Solidarity with the People for New Life</i></a>. Christian Conference of Asia. Urban Rural Mission. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-962-7250-10-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-962-7250-10-4"><bdi>978-962-7250-10-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Messiah+and+Minjung%3A+Christ%27s+Solidarity+with+the+People+for+New+Life&rft.pub=Christian+Conference+of+Asia.+Urban+Rural+Mission&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-962-7250-10-4&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Yong-bok&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcUSxAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSon2000" class="citation book cs1">Son, Chang-Hee (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u7-SCzkMZgAC&q=%22minjung+theology%22"><i>Haan of Minjung Theology and Han of Han Philosophy</i></a>. University Press of America. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-1860-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-1860-1"><bdi>978-0-7618-1860-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Haan+of+Minjung+Theology+and+Han+of+Han+Philosophy&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7618-1860-1&rft.aulast=Son&rft.aufirst=Chang-Hee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du7-SCzkMZgAC%26q%3D%2522minjung%2Btheology%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuh2000" class="citation book cs1">Suh, David Kwang-sun (2000-08-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yYpKAwAAQBAJ"><i>The Korean Minjung in Christ</i></a>. Wipf and Stock Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57910-509-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57910-509-9"><bdi>978-1-57910-509-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Korean+Minjung+in+Christ&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2000-08-15&rft.isbn=978-1-57910-509-9&rft.aulast=Suh&rft.aufirst=David+Kwang-sun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyYpKAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUcko2002" class="citation book cs1">Ucko, Hans (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BP2ZG22FPHYC&q=%22minjung+theology%22"><i>The People and the People of God: Minjung and Dalit Theology in Interaction with Jewish-Christian Dialogue</i></a>. LIT Verlag Münster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8258-5564-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8258-5564-2"><bdi>978-3-8258-5564-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+People+and+the+People+of+God%3A+Minjung+and+Dalit+Theology+in+Interaction+with+Jewish-Christian+Dialogue&rft.pub=LIT+Verlag+M%C3%BCnster&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-3-8258-5564-2&rft.aulast=Ucko&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBP2ZG22FPHYC%26q%3D%2522minjung%2Btheology%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrasad2005" class="citation book cs1">Prasad, Manohar Chandra (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JcnYAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Book of Exodus and Dalit Liberation: With Reference to Minjung Theology</i></a>. Asian Trading Corporation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7086-349-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7086-349-6"><bdi>978-81-7086-349-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Exodus+and+Dalit+Liberation%3A+With+Reference+to+Minjung+Theology&rft.pub=Asian+Trading+Corporation&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-7086-349-6&rft.aulast=Prasad&rft.aufirst=Manohar+Chandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJcnYAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim2008" class="citation book cs1">Kim, Hiheon (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XAb_65HULPMC&q=%22minjung+theology%22"><i>Minjung and Process: Minjung Theology in a Dialogue with Process Thought</i></a>. Peter Lang. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-03911-735-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-03911-735-2"><bdi>978-3-03911-735-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Minjung+and+Process%3A+Minjung+Theology+in+a+Dialogue+with+Process+Thought&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3-03911-735-2&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Hiheon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXAb_65HULPMC%26q%3D%2522minjung%2Btheology%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChungKarkkainenKyoung-Jae2010" class="citation book cs1">Chung, Paul S.; Karkkainen, Veli Matti; Kyoung-Jae, Kim (2010-03-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KefkDwAAQBAJ&q=%22minjung+theology%22"><i>Asian Contextual Theology for the Third Millennium: Theology of Minjung in Fourth-Eye Formation</i></a>. ISD LLC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-227-90299-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-227-90299-8"><bdi>978-0-227-90299-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asian+Contextual+Theology+for+the+Third+Millennium%3A+Theology+of+Minjung+in+Fourth-Eye+Formation&rft.pub=ISD+LLC&rft.date=2010-03-25&rft.isbn=978-0-227-90299-8&rft.aulast=Chung&rft.aufirst=Paul+S.&rft.au=Karkkainen%2C+Veli+Matti&rft.au=Kyoung-Jae%2C+Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKefkDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522minjung%2Btheology%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2012" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Sang Taek (2012-10-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vesgAAAAQBAJ&q=Minjung+theology"><i>Religion and Social Formation in Korea: Minjung and Millenarianism</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-089311-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-089311-3"><bdi>978-3-11-089311-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+and+Social+Formation+in+Korea%3A+Minjung+and+Millenarianism&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2012-10-24&rft.isbn=978-3-11-089311-3&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Sang+Taek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvesgAAAAQBAJ%26q%3DMinjung%2Btheology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKwonKüster2018" class="citation book cs1">Kwon, Jin-Kwan; Küster, Volker (2018-07-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AzIjEAAAQBAJ&q=Minjung+theology"><i>Minjung Theology Today: Contextual and Intercultural Perspectives</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Evangelische_Verlagsanstalt" title="Evangelische Verlagsanstalt">Evangelische Verlagsanstalt</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-374-05072-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-374-05072-7"><bdi>978-3-374-05072-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Minjung+Theology+Today%3A+Contextual+and+Intercultural+Perspectives&rft.pub=Evangelische+Verlagsanstalt&rft.date=2018-07-01&rft.isbn=978-3-374-05072-7&rft.aulast=Kwon&rft.aufirst=Jin-Kwan&rft.au=K%C3%BCster%2C+Volker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAzIjEAAAQBAJ%26q%3DMinjung%2Btheology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhn2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ahn_Byung-Mu" title="Ahn Byung-Mu">Ahn, Byung-Mu</a> (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=njFgxQEACAAJ"><i>Stories of Minjung Theology: The Theological Journey of Ahn Byung-Mu in His Own Words</i></a>. SBL Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62837-257-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62837-257-1"><bdi>978-1-62837-257-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stories+of+Minjung+Theology%3A+The+Theological+Journey+of+Ahn+Byung-Mu+in+His+Own+Words&rft.pub=SBL+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-62837-257-1&rft.aulast=Ahn&rft.aufirst=Byung-Mu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnjFgxQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinjung+theology" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minjung_theology&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110525090104/http://www.simone.or.kr/">Minjung Theology Archive</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2011-05-25)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100615043432/http://www.minjungtheology.net/">MinjungTheology.net</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2010-06-15)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christianity_in_Korea169" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_in_Korea" title="Template:Christianity in Korea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_in_Korea" title="Template talk:Christianity in Korea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_in_Korea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity in Korea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christianity_in_Korea169" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Korea" title="Christianity in Korea">Christianity in Korea</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_South_Korea" title="Catholic Church in South Korea">Catholic Church in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_North_Korea" title="Catholic Church in North Korea">Catholic Church in North Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protestantism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Korea" title="Anglican Church of Korea">Anglican Church of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Baptist_Convention" title="Korea Baptist Convention">Korea Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea" title="Conservative Presbyterian Church in Korea">Conservative Presbyterian Church in Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea" title="Conservative Reformed Presbyterian Church in Korea">Conservative Reformed Presbyterian Church in Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Christian_Fundamentalist_Assembly" title="Korean Christian Fundamentalist Assembly">Korean Christian Fundamentalist Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Methodist_Church" title="Korean Methodist Church">Korean Methodist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_the_Republic_of_Korea" title="Presbyterian Church in the Republic of Korea">Presbyterian Church in the Republic of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Churches_in_Korea" title="National Council of Churches in Korea">National Council of Churches in Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea" title="Pure Presbyterian Church in Korea">Pure Presbyterian Church in Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea" title="United Presbyterian Church in Korea">United Presbyterian Church in Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea" title="Union Presbyterian Church in Korea">Union Presbyterian Church in Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_Pastors_Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea" title="Women Pastors Presbyterian Church in Korea">Women Pastors Presbyterian Church in Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Campus_Crusade_for_Christ" title="Korea Campus Crusade for Christ">Korea Campus Crusade for Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Reformed_Church_in_Korea" title="Independent Reformed Church in Korea">Independent Reformed Church in Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea" title="Independent Reformed Presbyterian Church in Korea">Independent Reformed Presbyterian Church in Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_Altar" title="Victory Altar">Victory Altar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Lightning" title="Eastern Lightning">The Church of Almighty God</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Branches of <br /><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Korea" title="Presbyterian Church of Korea">Presbyterian<br />Church of<br />Korea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HapDong)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDong)">HapDong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Korea_(TongHap)" title="Presbyterian Church of Korea (TongHap)">TongHap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_the_Republic_of_Korea" title="Presbyterian Church in the Republic of Korea">Presbyterian Church in the Republic of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalist_Presbyterian_General_Assembly_in_Korea" title="Fundamentalist Presbyterian General Assembly in Korea">Fundamentalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Presbyterian_Church_(GaeHyuk_I.)" title="Korean Presbyterian Church (GaeHyuk I.)">GaeHyuk I.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Jesus_Presbyterian_Church" title="Korea Jesus Presbyterian Church">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(Koshin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (Koshin)">KoShin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(KoRyuPa)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (KoRyuPa)">KoRyuPa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(JungAng)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (JungAng)">JungAng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(Daeshin)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (Daeshin)">Daeshin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HapDongChongShin)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDongChongShin)">HapDongChongShin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(BaekSeok)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (BaekSeok)">HapDongChunTong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HapDongBokUm)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDongBokUm)">HapDongBokUm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(ChanYang)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (ChanYang)">ChanYang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(BoSuHapDong)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (BoSuHapDong)">BoSuHapDong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(BokUm)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (BokUm)">BokUm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(YeJong)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (YeJong)">YeJong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(JeongRip)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (JeongRip)">JeongRip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(Logos)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (Logos)">Logos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HwanWon)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HwanWon)">HwanWon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(DokNoHoe)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (DokNoHoe)">DokNoHoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(JapDongJungAng)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (JapDongJungAng)">JapDongJungAng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(YeJangHapBo)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (YeJangHapBo)">YeJangHapBo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(DaeShin_II)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (DaeShin II)">DaeShin II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(BupTong)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (BupTong)">BupTong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(NamBuk)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (NamBuk)">NamBuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HapDongBoSu)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDongBoSu)">HapDongBoSu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(SungHapChuk)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (SungHapChuk)">SungHapChuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(BoSuTongHap)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (BoSuTongHap)">BoSuTongHap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(JeongTongChongHap)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (JeongTongChongHap)">JeongTongChongHap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HapDongChungYun)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDongChungYun)">HapDongChungYun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HapDongJeongShin)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDongJeongShin)">HapDongJeongShin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HanGukBoSu)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HanGukBoSu)">HanGukBoSu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HapDongEunChong)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDongEunChong)">HapDongEunChong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(DongShin)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (DongShin)">DongShin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HapDongJinRi)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDongJinRi)">HapDongJinRi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HapDongYunHap)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDongYunHap)">HapDongYunHap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(YunShin)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (YunShin)">YunShin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(JangShin)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (JangShin)">JangShin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(SunGyo)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (SunGyo)">SunGyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HapDongYeChong)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDongYeChong)">HapDongYeChong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(ChanYang)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (ChanYang)">ChanYang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(Ko-Ryu-Anti-Accusation)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (Ko-Ryu-Anti-Accusation)">Ko-Ryu-Anti-Accusation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HapDongChongShin_I.)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDongChongShin I.)">HapDongChongShin I.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HapDongChinShin_II.)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDongChinShin II.)">HapDongChongShin II.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HapDongSeungHoe)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDongSeungHoe)">HapDongSeungHoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(JungRip)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (JungRip)">JungRip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(PyungAhn)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (PyungAhn)">PyungAhn</a></li> <li>HapDongChongHoe</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(JeongTongGyeSeung)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (JeongTongGyeSeung)">JeongTongGyeSeung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HapDongTongHap)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDongTongHap)">HapDongTongHap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HapDongBoSu_I.)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDongBoSu I.)">HapDongBoSu I.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(BoSuHapDong_II.)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (BoSuHapDong II.)">HapDongBoSu II.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(DaeShin_II.)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (DaeShin II.)">DaeShin II.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HapDongHwanWon)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDongHwanWon)">HapDongHwanWon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HapDongBoSu_IV.)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDongBoSu IV.)">HapDongBoSu IV.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HapDongBoSu_III.)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDongBoSu III.)">HapDongBoSu III.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HapDongBoSu_II.)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDongBoSu II.)">HapDongBoSu II.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(ChongHoe_II.)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (ChongHoe II.)">ChongHoe II.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(TongHapBoSu)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (TongHapBoSu)">TongHapBoSu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(DaeHanShinChuk)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (DaeHanShinChuk)">DaeHanShinChuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HapDongYeChong_I)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDongYeChong I)">HapDongYeChong I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HapDongSeongHoe)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDongSeongHoe)">HapDongSeongHoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(GaeHyukHapDong_I)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (GaeHyukHapDong I)">GaeHyukHapDong I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(GaeHyukHapDong_II)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (GaeHyukHapDong II)">GaeHyukHapDong II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HapDongGaeHyuk)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDongGaeHyuk)">HapDongGaeHyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HapDongJangShin)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDongJangShin)">HapDongJangShin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HoHun_III)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HoHun III)">HoHun III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(ChongHoe_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (ChongHoe II)">ChongHoe II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(ChongHoe_I)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (ChongHoe I)">ChongHoe I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HyukShin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HyukShin)">HyukShin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(GaeHyukHapDong_III)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (GaeHyukHapDong III)">GaeHyukHapDong III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(DokNoHoe_II)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (DokNoHoe II)">DokNoHoe II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(BoSuJeongTong)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (BoSuJeongTong)">BoSuJeongTong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HapDongYeSun)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDongYeSun)">HapDongYeSun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(JaeGun)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (JaeGun)">JaeGun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(GaeHyuk)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (GaeHyuk)">Presbyterian Church in Korea (GaeHyuk)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Christian_Federation" title="Korean Christian Federation">Korean Christian Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyongyang_Theological_Seminary" title="Pyongyang Theological Seminary">Pyongyang Theological Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongsu_Church" title="Bongsu Church">Bongsu Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilgol_Church" title="Chilgol Church">Chilgol Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Korea" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Korea">Eastern<br />Orthodoxy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Orthodox Church">Korean Orthodox Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Life-Giving_Trinity_(Pyongyang)" title="Church of the Life-Giving Trinity (Pyongyang)">Church of the Life-Giving Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchal_Exarchate_in_South-East_Asia#Structure" title="Patriarchal Exarchate in South-East Asia">Russian Orthodox diocese of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Ecclesiastical_Mission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korean Ecclesiastical Mission (page does not exist)">Korean Ecclesiastical Mission</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Корейская духовная миссия">ru</a>]</span> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church_Outside_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia">ROCOR</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interdenominational<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Council_of_Korea" title="Christian Council of Korea">The Communion of Churches in Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Churches_in_Korea" title="National Council of Churches in Korea">National Council of Churches in Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missionaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy_Brugui%C3%A8re" title="Barthélemy Bruguière">Barthélemy Bruguière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent-Joseph-Marius_Imbert" title="Laurent-Joseph-Marius Imbert">Laurent-Joseph-Marius Imbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%A9on-Fran%C3%A7ois_Berneux" title="Siméon-François Berneux">Siméon-François Berneux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Nicolas-Antoine_Daveluy" title="Marie-Nicolas-Antoine Daveluy">Marie-Nicolas-Antoine Daveluy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Corfe" title="Charles Corfe">Charles Corfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Newton_Allen" title="Horace Newton Allen">Horace Newton Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Appenzeller" title="Henry Appenzeller">Henry Appenzeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_F._Scranton" title="Mary F. Scranton">Mary F. Scranton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_G%C3%BCtzlaff" title="Karl Gützlaff">Karl Gützlaff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotirios_Trambas" title="Sotirios Trambas">Sotirios Trambas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosios_Zografos" title="Ambrosios Zografos">Ambrosios Zografos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Liberation_theology161" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liberation_theology" title="Template:Liberation theology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Liberation_theology" title="Template talk:Liberation theology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Liberation_theology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Liberation theology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Liberation_theology161" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation theology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foundations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contextual_theology" title="Contextual theology">Contextual theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Catholic social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_left" title="Evangelical left">Evangelical left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism_and_religion" title="Marxism and religion">Marxism and religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Option_for_the_poor" title="Option for the poor">Option for the poor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pedagogy_of_the_Oppressed" title="Pedagogy of the Oppressed">Pedagogy of the Oppressed</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_theology" title="Political theology">Political theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonial_theology" title="Postcolonial theology">Postcolonial theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Gospel" title="Social Gospel">Social Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_theological_praxis" title="Christian theological praxis">Christian theological praxis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_theology" title="Black theology">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalit_theology" title="Dalit theology">Dalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theology" title="Feminist theology">Feminist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_feminist_theology" title="Asian feminist theology">Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womanist_theology" title="Womanist theology">Womanist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_mission" title="Integral mission">Integral mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_liberation_theology" title="Latin American liberation theology">Latin American Catholic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Minjung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_liberation_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian liberation theology">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_theology" title="Queer theology">Queer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key figures of<br />Latin American<br />liberation theology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcella_Althaus-Reid" title="Marcella Althaus-Reid">Marcella Althaus-Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Petrella" title="Ivan Petrella">Ivan Petrella</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Severino_Croatto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Severino Croatto (page does not exist)">José Severino Croatto</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Severino_Croatto" class="extiw" title="es:José Severino Croatto">es</a>; <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Severino_Croatto" class="extiw" title="de:José Severino Croatto">de</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Freire" title="Paulo Freire">Paulo Freire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Evaristo_Arns" title="Paulo Evaristo Arns">Paulo Evaristo Arns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubem_Alves" title="Rubem Alves">Rubem Alves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Boff" title="Leonardo Boff">Leonardo Boff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lder_C%C3%A2mara" title="Hélder Câmara">Hélder Câmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Casald%C3%A1liga" title="Pedro Casaldáliga">Pedro Casaldáliga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivone_Gebara" title="Ivone Gebara">Ivone Gebara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alo%C3%ADsio_Lorscheider" title="Aloísio Lorscheider">Aloísio Lorscheider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jung_Mo_Sung" title="Jung Mo Sung">Jung Mo Sung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Ellacur%C3%ADa" title="Ignacio Ellacuría">Ignacio Ellacuría</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Mart%C3%ADn-Bar%C3%B3" title="Ignacio Martín-Baró">Ignacio Martín-Baró</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segundo_Montes" title="Segundo Montes">Segundo Montes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Romero" title="Óscar Romero">Óscar Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Sobrino" title="Jon Sobrino">Jon Sobrino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Cardenal" title="Ernesto Cardenal">Ernesto Cardenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Cardenal" title="Fernando Cardenal">Fernando Cardenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_d%27Escoto_Brockmann" title="Miguel d'Escoto Brockmann">Miguel d'Escoto Brockmann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Bertrand_Aristide" title="Jean-Bertrand Aristide">Jean-Bertrand Aristide</a> (Haiti)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_A._De_La_Torre" title="Miguel A. De La Torre">Miguel A. De La Torre</a> (Cuba)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Maria_Isasi-Diaz" title="Ada Maria Isasi-Diaz">Ada Maria Isasi-Diaz</a> (Cuba)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Aguilar_(academic)" title="Mario Aguilar (academic)">Mario I. Aguilar</a> (Chile)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez">Gustavo Gutiérrez</a> (Peru)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Jean-Juste" title="Gérard Jean-Juste">Gérard Jean-Juste</a> (Haiti)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Padilla" title="René Padilla">René Padilla</a> (Ecuador)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ruiz" title="Samuel Ruiz">Samuel Ruiz</a> (Mexico)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Luis_Segundo" title="Juan Luis Segundo">Juan Luis Segundo</a> (Uruguay)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsa_T%C3%A1mez" title="Elsa Támez">Elsa Támez</a> (Mexico)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key figures of<br />other geographies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Boesak" title="Allan Boesak">Allan Boesak</a> (South Africa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Ela" title="Jean-Marc Ela">Jean-Marc Ela</a> (Cameroon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubin_Phillip" title="Rubin Phillip">Rubin Phillip</a> (South Africa)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahn_Byung-Mu" title="Ahn Byung-Mu">Ahn Byung-Mu</a> (Korea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naim_Ateek" title="Naim Ateek">Naim Ateek</a> (Palestine)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Chacour" title="Elias Chacour">Elias Chacour</a> (Palestine)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Kappen" title="Sebastian Kappen">Sebastian Kappen</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Yong-Bock" title="Kim Yong-Bock">Kim Yong-Bock</a> (Korea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kung_Lap-yan" title="Kung Lap-yan">Kung Lap-yan</a> (Hong Kong)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvind_P._Nirmal" title="Arvind P. Nirmal">Arvind P. Nirmal</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Soon-kyung" title="Park Soon-kyung">Park Soon-kyung</a> (Korea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinay_Samuel" title="Vinay Samuel">Vinay Samuel</a> (India)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Franzoni" title="Giovanni Franzoni">Giovanni Franzoni</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauthier_(theologian)" title="Paul Gauthier (theologian)">Paul Gauthier</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Baptist_Metz" title="Johann Baptist Metz">Johann Baptist Metz</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Moltmann" title="Jürgen Moltmann">Jürgen Moltmann</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothee_S%C3%B6lle" title="Dorothee Sölle">Dorothee Sölle</a> (Germany)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_McAfee_Brown" title="Robert McAfee Brown">Robert McAfee Brown</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Cone" title="James H. Cone">James Cone</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chung_Hyun_Kyung" title="Chung Hyun Kyung">Chung Hyun Kyung</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Costas" title="Orlando Costas">Orlando Costas</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgilio_Elizondo" title="Virgilio Elizondo">Virgilio Elizondo</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_H._Ellis" title="Marc H. Ellis">Marc H. Ellis</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwok_Pui-lan" title="Kwok Pui-lan">Kwok Pui-lan</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_V._Pixley" title="George V. Pixley">George V. Pixley</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tinker" title="George Tinker">George Tinker</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delores_S._Williams" title="Delores S. Williams">Delores S. Williams</a> (US)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Association_of_Third_World_Theologians" title="Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians">Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Conference_of_Latin_America" title="Episcopal Conference of Latin America">Episcopal Conference of Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Theological_Fellowship" title="Latin American Theological Fellowship">Latin American Theological Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denominations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Methodist_Connexion" title="Liberation Methodist Connexion">Liberation Methodist Connexion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christianity_and_politics151" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_and_politics" title="Template:Christianity and politics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_and_politics" title="Template talk:Christianity and politics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_and_politics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity and politics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christianity_and_politics151" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">Christianity and politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Christian left</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Render_unto_Caesar" title="Render unto Caesar">Render unto Caesar</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_kingdoms_doctrine" title="Two kingdoms doctrine">Two kingdoms doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Christian anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_fascism" title="Clerical fascism">Clerical fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_left" title="Evangelical left">Evangelical left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_feminism" title="Christian feminism">Christian feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_libertarianism" title="Christian libertarianism">Christian libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Christianity" title="Libertarian Christianity">Libertarian Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianism">Christianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Catholicism" title="National Catholicism">National Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Christian pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics" title="Catholic Church and politics">Political Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_reconstructionism" title="Christian reconstructionism">Christian reconstructionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoconservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Theoconservatism">Theoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integralism" title="Integralism">Integrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_corporatism" title="Christian corporatism">Christian corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian socialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_communism" title="Christian communism">Christian communism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodemocracy" title="Theodemocracy">Theodemocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Zionism" title="Christian Zionism">Christian Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fascism" title="Christian fascism">Christofascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Patriot_movement" title="Christian Patriot movement">Christian Patriot movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_realism" title="Christian realism">Christian realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Identity Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_influence_of_Evangelicalism_in_Latin_America" title="Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America">Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Catholicism" title="Liberal Catholicism">Liberal Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_abortion" title="Christianity and abortion">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_homosexuality" title="Christianity and homosexuality">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_poverty_and_wealth" title="Christian views on poverty and wealth">Poverty and wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_environmentalism" title="Christian views on environmentalism">Christianity and environmentalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Catholic social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_theology" title="Dominion theology">Dominion theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_theology" title="Political theology">Political theology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_theology_in_China" title="Political theology in China">China</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_theology_in_the_Middle_East" title="Political theology in the Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_theology_in_sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Political theology in sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Gospel" title="Social Gospel">Social Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperity_theology" title="Prosperity theology">Prosperity gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphonia_(theology)" title="Symphonia (theology)">Symphonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_orthodoxy" title="Radical orthodoxy">Radical orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_mission" title="Integral mission">Integral mission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_state" title="Christian state">Christian state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caesaropapism" title="Caesaropapism">Caesaropapism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_republic" title="Christian republic">Christian republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_right_of_kings" title="Divine right of kings">Divine right of kings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_genetically_modified_foods#Christianity" title="Religious views on genetically modified foods">Christian views on genetically modified foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_other_religions" title="Christianity and other religions">Christianity and other religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_religion" title="Civil religion">Civil religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statement_on_Social_Justice_and_the_Gospel" title="Statement on Social Justice and the Gospel">Dallas Statement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox506" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control 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