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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaata_ka_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vaata ka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaata_ka_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Saadaval 63 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="جمهورية بولندا الشعبية – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جمهورية بولندا الشعبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Popular_de_Polonia" title="Republica Popular de Polonia – aragoni" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Republica Popular de Polonia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C5%9Fa_Xalq_Respublikas%C4%B1" title="Polşa Xalq Respublikası – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Polşa Xalq Respublikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Polandia" title="Republik Rakyat Polandia – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Republik Rakyat Polandia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Poland" title="Republik Rakyat Poland – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Republik Rakyat Poland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Польская Народная Рэспубліка – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Польская Народная Рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Польская Народная Рэспубліка – valgevene (taraškievitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Польская Народная Рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="valgevene (taraškievitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Полска народна република – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Полска народна република" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_de_Pol%C3%B2nia" title="República Popular de Polònia – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="República Popular de Polònia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsk%C3%A1_lidov%C3%A1_republika" title="Polská lidová republika – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Polská lidová republika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_de_Polonia" title="República Popular de Polonia – Zamboanga tšavakano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="República Popular de Polonia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Zamboanga tšavakano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkerepublikken_Polen" title="Folkerepublikken Polen – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Folkerepublikken Polen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksrepublik_Polen" title="Volksrepublik Polen – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Volksrepublik Polen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Λαϊκή Δημοκρατία της Πολωνίας – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λαϊκή Δημοκρατία της Πολωνίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Polish People's Republic" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_de_Polonia" title="República Popular de Polonia – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="República Popular de Polonia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pola_Popola_Respubliko" title="Pola Popola Respubliko – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pola Popola Respubliko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloniako_Herri_Errepublika" title="Poloniako Herri Errepublika – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Poloniako Herri Errepublika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%82_%D9%84%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جمهوری خلق لهستان – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جمهوری خلق لهستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_populaire_de_Pologne" title="République populaire de Pologne – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="République populaire de Pologne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_de_Polonia" title="República Popular de Polonia – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="República Popular de Polonia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C_%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="폴란드 인민공화국 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="폴란드 인민공화국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D4%BA%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Լեհաստանի Ժողովրդական Հանրապետություն – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լեհաստանի Ժողովրդական Հանրապետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="पोलिश जनवादी गणराज्य – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पोलिश जनवादी गणराज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narodna_Republika_Poljska" title="Narodna Republika Poljska – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Narodna Republika Poljska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblica_Popolare_di_Polonia" title="Repubblica Popolare di Polonia – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Repubblica Popolare di Polonia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הרפובליקה העממית הפולנית – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרפובליקה העממית הפולנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Польша Халық Республикасы – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Польша Халық Республикасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%9B%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%8D" title="ສາທາລະນະລັດປະຊາຊົນໂປໂລຍ – lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສາທາລະນະລັດປະຊາຊົນໂປໂລຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polijas_Tautas_Republika" title="Polijas Tautas Republika – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Polijas Tautas Republika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenkijos_Liaudies_Respublika" title="Lenkijos Liaudies Respublika – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lenkijos Liaudies Respublika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengyel_N%C3%A9pk%C3%B6zt%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g" title="Lengyel Népköztársaság – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lengyel Népköztársaság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Народна Република Полска – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Народна Република Полска" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%94_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="პოლონეთიშ ოკათე რესპუბლიკა – megreli" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პოლონეთიშ ოკათე რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megreli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" title="جمهوريه بولندا الاشتراكيه – Egiptuse araabia" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جمهوريه بولندا الاشتراكيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egiptuse araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Бүгд Найрамдах Польш Ард Улс – mongoli" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бүгд Найрамдах Польш Ард Улс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksrepubliek_Polen" title="Volksrepubliek Polen – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Volksrepubliek Polen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="ポーランド人民共和国 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポーランド人民共和国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkerepublikken_Polen" title="Folkerepublikken Polen – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Folkerepublikken Polen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsha_Xalq_Respublikasi" title="Polsha Xalq Respublikasi – usbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Polsha Xalq Respublikasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="عوامی جمہوریہ پولینڈ – lahnda" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عوامی جمہوریہ پولینڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="lahnda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89_%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%88_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="د پولينډ د خلکو جمهوريت – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د پولينډ د خلکو جمهوريت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polska_Rzeczpospolita_Ludowa" title="Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_da_Pol%C3%B3nia" title="República Popular da Polónia – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="República Popular da Polónia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Popular%C4%83_Polon%C4%83" title="Republica Populară Polonă – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Republica Populară Polonă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Польска Людова Република – russiini" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Польска Людова Република" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="russiini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Польская Народная Республика – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Польская Народная Республика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9blica_Populare_de_Pol%C3%B2nia" title="Repùblica Populare de Polònia – sardi" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Repùblica Populare de Polònia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Polish People's Republic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%BEsk%C3%A1_%C4%BEudov%C3%A1_republika" title="Poľská ľudová republika – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Poľská ľudová republika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Народна Република Пољска – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Народна Република Пољска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narodna_Republika_Poljska" title="Narodna Republika Poljska – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Narodna Republika Poljska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puolan_kansantasavalta" title="Puolan kansantasavalta – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puolan kansantasavalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkrepubliken_Polen" title="Folkrepubliken Polen – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Folkrepubliken Polen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikang_Bayan_ng_Polonya" title="Republikang Bayan ng Polonya – tagalogi" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Republikang Bayan ng Polonya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalogi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="สาธารณรัฐประชาชนโปแลนด์ – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สาธารณรัฐประชาชนโปแลนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a_Nh%C3%A2n_d%C3%A2n_Ba_Lan" title="Cộng hòa Nhân dân Ba Lan – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cộng hòa Nhân dân Ba Lan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonya_Halk_Cumhuriyeti" title="Polonya Halk Cumhuriyeti – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Polonya Halk Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Польська Народна Республіка – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Польська Народна Республіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="عوامی جمہوریہ پولینڈ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عوامی جمہوریہ پولینڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9blega_Popo%C5%82are_de_Po%C5%82%C3%B2nia" title="Repùblega Popołare de Połònia – veneti" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Repùblega Popołare de Połònia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="波蘭人民共和國 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="波蘭人民共和國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><div class="nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6347534">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-spacing:3px;background-color:#f8f9fa;color:black;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;padding:0.2em;float:right;clear:right;font-size:88%;line-height:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox.sisterproject{width:20em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.standard-talk{border:1px 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th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}</style></div><table class="infobox bordered" style="width:22em;width:300px; background:white; font-size: 90%;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:170%; padding: 3px;"> <p><big><b>Poola Rahvavabariik</b></big> </p> <hr style="width:90%; margin:2px auto;" />Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa <hr style="width:90%; margin:2px auto;" />1947–1989</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:170%; padding: 3px;"> <div style="display:table; table-layout:fixed; width:100%;"><div style="display:table-row"> <div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Flag_of_Poland_(1928%E2%80%931980).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Coat_of_arms_of_Poland_(1955-1980).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Coat_of_arms_of_Poland_%281955-1980%29.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Poland_%281955-1980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Coat_of_arms_of_Poland_%281955-1980%29.svg/113px-Coat_of_arms_of_Poland_%281955-1980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Coat_of_arms_of_Poland_%281955-1980%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Poland_%281955-1980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="602" /></a></span></div> </div><div style="display:table-row"> <div style="display:table-cell; text-align:center; border-right: 7px solid transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Poola_lipp" title="Poola lipp">Lipp (1947–1980)</a></div> <div style="display:table-cell; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Poola_vapp" title="Poola vapp">Vapp (1955–1980)</a></div> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:0;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Poland_1956-1990.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Poland_1956-1990.svg/300px-Poland_1956-1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Poland_1956-1990.svg/450px-Poland_1956-1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Poland_1956-1990.svg/600px-Poland_1956-1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="456" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding:.2em .5em; font-weight:400;">Valitsusvorm</th><td style="padding:.2em .5em;"> <a href="/wiki/Sotsialistlik_riik" title="Sotsialistlik riik">Sotsialistlik</a> <a href="/wiki/Marksism-leninism" title="Marksism-leninism">marksist-leninistlik</a> <i>de facto</i> <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cheparteis%C3%BCsteem" title="Üheparteisüsteem">üheparteiline</a> <a href="/wiki/Unitaarriik" title="Unitaarriik">unitaarriik</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B5jav%C3%A4ehunta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sõjaväehunta (pole veel kirjutatud)">Sõjaväehunta</a> (1981–1983)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding:.2em .5em; font-weight:400;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poola_riigipeade_loend&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poola riigipeade loend (pole veel kirjutatud)">Esimene sekretär ja juht</a></th><td style="padding:.2em .5em;"> <a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_Bierut" title="Bolesław Bierut">Bolesław Bierut</a> (esimene, 1947–1956) <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mieczys%C5%82aw_Rakowski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mieczysław Rakowski (pole veel kirjutatud)">Mieczysław Rakowski</a> (viimane, 1989–1990)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding:.2em .5em; font-weight:400;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poola_Riigin%C3%B5ukogu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poola Riiginõukogu (pole veel kirjutatud)">Riiginõukogu juht</a></th><td style="padding:.2em .5em;"> <a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_Bierut" title="Bolesław Bierut">Bolesław Bierut</a> (esimene, 1947–1952) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Jaruzelski" title="Wojciech Jaruzelski">Wojciech Jaruzelski</a> (viimane, 1985–1989)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding:.2em .5em; font-weight:400;">Pealinn</th><td style="padding:.2em .5em;"> <a href="/wiki/Varssavi" title="Varssavi">Varssavi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding:.2em .5em; font-weight:400;">Religioon</th><td style="padding:.2em .5em;"> <a href="/wiki/Katoliiklus" title="Katoliiklus">Katoliiklus</a> (<i>de facto</i>) <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigiateism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riigiateism (pole veel kirjutatud)">Riigiateism</a> (<i>de jure</i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding:.2em .5em; font-weight:400;">Pindala</th><td style="padding:.2em .5em;"> 312 685 km²</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding:.2em .5em; font-weight:400;">Rahvaarv</th><td style="padding:.2em .5em;"> 37 970 155 (1989)</td></tr><tr class="borderless"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:.2em .5em;"> <div class="nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6347534"></div><table class="infobox" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <b>Ajalugu ja sündmused</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:400; padding-left:10px;">19. veebruar 1947</th><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1947._aasta_V%C3%A4ike_p%C3%B5hiseadus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1947. aasta Väike põhiseadus (pole veel kirjutatud)">Väike põhiseadus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:400; padding-left:10px;">16.–21. detsember 1948</th><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poola_%C3%9Chendatud_T%C3%B6%C3%B6lispartei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poola Ühendatud Töölispartei (pole veel kirjutatud)">Poola Ühendatud Töölispartei</a> asutamine</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:400; padding-left:10px;">4. juuni – 30. detsember 1989</th><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1989._aasta_Poola_parlamendivalimised&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1989. aasta Poola parlamendivalimised (pole veel kirjutatud)">Demokraatia taastamine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:400; padding-left:10px;">veebruar 1990</th><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poola_%C3%9Chendatud_T%C3%B6%C3%B6lispartei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poola Ühendatud Töölispartei (pole veel kirjutatud)">Poola Ühendatud Töölispartei</a> lõpetamine</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:400; padding-left:10px;">9. detsember 1990</th><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1990._aasta_Poola_presidendivalimised&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990. aasta Poola presidendivalimised (pole veel kirjutatud)">Poola RV lõpp</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding:.2em .5em; font-weight:400;">Riigikeeled</th><td style="padding:.2em .5em;"> <a href="/wiki/Poola_keel" title="Poola keel">Poola keel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding:.2em .5em; font-weight:400;">Rahaühik</th><td style="padding:.2em .5em;"> <a href="/wiki/Poola_zlott" title="Poola zlott">Poola zlott</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">PLZ</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding:.2em .5em; font-weight:400;">Hümn</th><td style="padding:.2em .5em;"> "<a href="/wiki/Mazurek_D%C4%85browskiego" title="Mazurek Dąbrowskiego">Mazurek Dąbrowskiego</a>"<br />("Poola ei ole veel kaotatud") <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="43" data-mwtitle="Mazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Mazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/Mazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg/Mazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=ab&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ab" label="аԥсшәа ‪(ab)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=be-tarask&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="be-tarask" label="беларуская (тарашкевіца) ‪(be-tarask)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=bs&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="bs" label="bosanski ‪(bs)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=cs&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="cs" label="čeština ‪(cs)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=fa&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fa" label="فارسی ‪(fa)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=hr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hr" label="hrvatski ‪(hr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=hu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hu" label="magyar ‪(hu)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=pt-br&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt-BR" label="português do Brasil ‪(pt-br)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=sl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sl" label="slovenščina ‪(sl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=th&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="th" label="ไทย ‪(th)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=tl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tl" label="Tagalog ‪(tl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding:.2em .5em; font-weight:400;">Ajavöönd</th><td style="padding:.2em .5em;"> <a href="/wiki/Kesk-Euroopa_aeg" title="Kesk-Euroopa aeg">Kesk-Euroopa aeg</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC" title="UTC">UTC+1</a>) <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesk-Euroopa_suveaeg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesk-Euroopa suveaeg (pole veel kirjutatud)">Kesk-Euroopa suveaeg</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC" title="UTC">UTC+2</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding:.2em .5em; font-weight:400;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rahvusvaheline_suunakood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rahvusvaheline suunakood (pole veel kirjutatud)">Rahvusvaheline<br />suunakood</a></th><td style="padding:.2em .5em;"> +<a href="/w/index.php?title=Poola_telefoninumbrid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poola telefoninumbrid (pole veel kirjutatud)">48</a></td></tr><tr class="borderless"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:.2em .5em;"> <table style="width:100%"><tbody><tr> <th>Eelnev</th> <th>Järgnev</th> </tr><tr> <td style="width:50%; padding-left:10px;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rahvusliku_%C3%BChtsuse_ajutine_valitsus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rahvusliku ühtsuse ajutine valitsus (pole veel kirjutatud)">Rahvusliku ühtsuse ajutine valitsus</a></td> <td style="width:50%; padding-left:10px;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poola" title="Poola"><img alt="Poola" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Poola_Vabariik" class="mw-redirect" title="Poola Vabariik">Poola Vabariik</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Poola Rahvavabariik</b> (<a href="/wiki/Poola_keel" title="Poola keel">poola keeles</a> <i>Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa</i>; lühend <b>Poola RV</b>) oli aastatel 1947–1989 riik <a href="/wiki/Kesk-Euroopa" title="Kesk-Euroopa">Kesk-Euroopas</a>, tänapäeva <a href="/wiki/Poola_Vabariik" class="mw-redirect" title="Poola Vabariik">Poola Vabariigi</a> eelkäija. Lõpuaastatel elas riigis umbes 37,9 miljonit inimest, seega oli Poola RV <a href="/wiki/Euroopa" title="Euroopa">Euroopa</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Idablokk" title="Idablokk">Idabloki</a> suuruselt teine <a href="/wiki/Kommunistlik_riik" title="Kommunistlik riik">kommunistlik riik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tegu oli <a href="/wiki/Marksism-leninism" title="Marksism-leninism">marksist-leninistliku</a> <a href="/wiki/Unitaarriik" title="Unitaarriik">unitaarriigiga</a>, mis kuulus ka <a href="/wiki/Varssavi_Lepingu_Organisatsioon" title="Varssavi Lepingu Organisatsioon">Varssavi Lepingu Organisatsiooni</a>. Suurimad linnad olid pealinn <a href="/wiki/Varssavi" title="Varssavi">Varssavi</a>, tööstuslinn <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a> ning sümboolne kultuuripealinn <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>. Poola RV piirnes põhjas <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4nemeri" title="Läänemeri">Läänemerega</a>, idas <a href="/wiki/NSVL" class="mw-redirect" title="NSVL">Nõukogude Liiduga</a>, lõunas <a href="/wiki/T%C5%A1ehhoslovakkia_Sotsialistlik_Vabariik" title="Tšehhoslovakkia Sotsialistlik Vabariik">Tšehhoslovakkiaga</a> ning idas <a href="/wiki/Ida-Saksamaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ida-Saksamaa">Ida-Saksamaaga</a>. </p><p>Poolas kehtis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poola_ajalugu_(1945%E2%80%931989)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poola ajalugu (1945–1989) (pole veel kirjutatud)">aastatel 1947–1989</a> kommunistlik režiim, mis kehtestati, kui <a href="/wiki/Punaarmee" title="Punaarmee">Punaarmee</a> vallutas riigi <a href="/wiki/II_maailmas%C3%B5da" class="mw-redirect" title="II maailmasõda">teise maailmasõja</a> ajal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Okupeeritud_Poola_(1939%E2%80%931945)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Okupeeritud Poola (1939–1945) (pole veel kirjutatud)">Saksa okupatsiooni</a> alt enda kontrolli alla. Riigi ametlik nimi aastatel 1947–1952 oli 1947. aastal kehtima hakanud ajutise <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4ike_p%C3%B5hiseadus_(1947)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Väike põhiseadus (1947) (pole veel kirjutatud)">Väikese põhiseaduse</a> järgi Poola Vabariik (Rzeczpospolita Polska). <sup id="cite_ref-ISAP_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISAP-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rao,_B._V._2006_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rao,_B._V._2006-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Marek_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marek-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nimekuju "Rahvavabariik" võeti vastu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poola_Rahvavabariigi_p%C3%B5hiseadus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poola Rahvavabariigi põhiseadus (pole veel kirjutatud)">1952. aasta põhiseadusega</a>. Nagu teisedki Idabloki riigid (<a href="/wiki/Saksa_Demokraatlik_Vabariik" title="Saksa Demokraatlik Vabariik">Ida-Saksamaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C5%A1ehhoslovakkia_Sotsialistlik_Vabariik" title="Tšehhoslovakkia Sotsialistlik Vabariik">Tšehhoslovakkia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ungari_Rahvavabariik" title="Ungari Rahvavabariik">Ungari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rumeenia_Sotsialistlik_Vabariik" title="Rumeenia Sotsialistlik Vabariik">Rumeenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaaria_Rahvavabariik" title="Bulgaaria Rahvavabariik">Bulgaaria</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Albaania_Sotsialistlik_Rahvavabariik" title="Albaania Sotsialistlik Rahvavabariik">Albaania</a>) oli Poola RV Nõukogude Liidu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satelliitriik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satelliitriik (pole veel kirjutatud)">satelliitriik</a>, kuid ei kuulunud NSV Liidu koosseisu. </p><p>Poola Rahvavabariik oli <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cheparteis%C3%BCsteem" title="Üheparteisüsteem">üheparteiriik</a>, mida iseloomustas pidev sisemine püüdlus <a href="/wiki/Demokraatia" title="Demokraatia">demokraatia</a> poole. Põhiline poliitiline jõud oli <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poola_%C3%9Chendatud_T%C3%B6%C3%B6lispartei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poola Ühendatud Töölispartei (pole veel kirjutatud)">Poola Ühendatud Töölispartei</a>, mis tegi riigist ametlikult <a href="/wiki/Sotsialistlik_riik" title="Sotsialistlik riik">sotsialistliku riigi</a>. Poola oli teistest Idabloki riikidest <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberaalsem</a>. Kogu enda eksistentsi vältel räsisid Poolat majandusraskused ja sotsiaalne ebastabiilsus. Riigi rahvas lõhenes partei toetajateks, partei oponentideks ja poliitikavälisteks inimesteks. Hoolimata sellest saavutati Poola Rahvavabariigi ajal nii mõndagi märkimisväärset: paranesid üldised elutingimused, toimus kiire <a href="/wiki/Linnastumine" title="Linnastumine">linnastumine</a> ning kõikidel kodanikel oli ligipääs haridusele ja tervishoiule. Sündimus oli suur ning riigi rahvaarv peaaegu kahekordistus aastatel 1947–1989. Partei suurimad saavutused olid teises maailmasõjas <a href="/wiki/Varssavi_h%C3%A4vitamine" title="Varssavi hävitamine">hävinud Varssavi</a> ülesehitamine ja <a href="/wiki/Kirjaoskus" title="Kirjaoskus">kirjaoskamatuse</a> väljatõrjumine.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Relvajõudude põhiline haru oli <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poola_Rahvaarmee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poola Rahvaarmee (pole veel kirjutatud)">Poola Rahvaarmee</a>, lisaks olid riigis <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B5ukogude_armee" title="Nõukogude armee">Nõukogude armee</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B5hja_v%C3%A4egrupp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Põhja väegrupp (pole veel kirjutatud)">Põhja väegrupi</a> väeüksused. Poola Rahvavabariigis tegutses salapolitsei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Avaliku_julgeoleku_ministeerium_(Poola)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avaliku julgeoleku ministeerium (Poola) (pole veel kirjutatud)">UB/SB</a>, mis sarnanes Ida-Saksamaa <a href="/wiki/Stasi" title="Stasi">Stasile</a> ja Nõukogude <a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a>-le. Ametlik politseiüksus, mis vastutas nt meeleavalduste vägivaldse mahasurumise eest, nimetati <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milicja_Obywatelska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milicja Obywatelska (pole veel kirjutatud)">Kodanike Miilitsaks</a>. Miilitsa eriüksus <a href="/w/index.php?title=ZOMO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZOMO (pole veel kirjutatud)">ZOMO</a> suhtus kommunistide kriitikutesse karmilt: meeleavaldajaid koheldi vägivaldselt, opositsiooni juhte vahistati ning režiimi poolt tapeti kokku vähemalt 22 000 inimest.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selle tulemusel oli Poola vanglates palju kinnipeetavaid, kuid kuritegevust oli rekordvähe.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaata_ka">Vaata ka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poola_Rahvavabariik&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poola_Rahvavabariik&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solidaarsus_(ameti%C3%BChing)" title="Solidaarsus (ametiühing)">Solidaarsus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poola_Rahvavabariik&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poola_Rahvavabariik&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6066747">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-was-the-eastern-bloc.html">"What Was the Eastern Bloc?"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 9. juuli 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Was+the+Eastern+Bloc%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldatlas.com%2Farticles%2Fwhat-was-the-eastern-bloc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3APoola+Rahvavabariik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISAP-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ISAP_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFInternetowy_System_Aktow_Prawnych2013" class="citation web cs1">Internetowy System Aktow Prawnych (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150603142802/http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/Download;jsessionid=4A61AC566597365E90206EE40FD09761?id=WDU19470180071&type=2">"Small Constitution of 1947"</a> [Mała Konstytucja z 1947]. <i>Original text at the Sejm website</i>. Kancelaria Sejmu RP. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/Download;jsessionid=4A61AC566597365E90206EE40FD09761?id=WDU19470180071&type=2">Originaali</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF direct download)</span> arhiivikoopia seisuga 3. juuni 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 21. veebruar 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Original+text+at+the+Sejm+website&rft.atitle=Small+Constitution+of+1947&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Internetowy+System+Aktow+Prawnych&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fisap.sejm.gov.pl%2FDownload%3Bjsessionid%3D4A61AC566597365E90206EE40FD09761%3Fid%3DWDU19470180071%26type%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3APoola+Rahvavabariik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rao,_B._V._2006-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Rao,_B._V._2006_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rao, B. V. (2006), <i>History of Modern Europe Ad 1789-2002: A.D. 1789-2002</i>, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marek-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Marek_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFMarek1954" class="citation book cs1">Marek, Krystyna (1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QaF7mnj9igkC&q=%22Puppet+State%22"><i>Identity and Continuity of States in Public International Law</i></a>. Librairie Droz. Lk 475. <a href="/wiki/Rahvusvaheline_raamatu_standardnumber" title="Rahvusvaheline raamatu standardnumber">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Eri:Raamatuotsimine/9782600040440" title="Eri:Raamatuotsimine/9782600040440"><bdi>9782600040440</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Identity+and+Continuity+of+States+in+Public+International+Law&rft.pages=475&rft.pub=Librairie+Droz&rft.date=1954&rft.isbn=9782600040440&rft.aulast=Marek&rft.aufirst=Krystyna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQaF7mnj9igkC%26q%3D%2522Puppet%2BState%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3APoola+Rahvavabariik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200118150409/http://retropress.pl/nowy-kurjer/30-procent-analfabetow/">"30 procent analfabetów... - Retropress"</a>. <i>retropress.pl</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://retropress.pl/nowy-kurjer/30-procent-analfabetow/">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 18. jaanuar 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 9. juuli 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=retropress.pl&rft.atitle=30+procent+analfabet%C3%B3w...+-+Retropress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fretropress.pl%2Fnowy-kurjer%2F30-procent-analfabetow%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3APoola+Rahvavabariik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/analfabetyzm;3869021.html">"analfabetyzm - Encyklopedia PWN - źródło wiarygodnej i rzetelnej wiedzy"</a>. <i>encyklopedia.pwn.pl</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=encyklopedia.pwn.pl&rft.atitle=analfabetyzm+-+Encyklopedia+PWN+-+%C5%BAr%C3%B3d%C5%82o+wiarygodnej+i+rzetelnej+wiedzy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyklopedia.pwn.pl%2Fhaslo%2Fanalfabetyzm%3B3869021.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3APoola+Rahvavabariik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200106130440/https://sztetl.org.pl/en/glossary/urzad-bezpieczenstwa-publicznego">"Urząd Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego - Virtual Shtetl"</a>. <i>sztetl.org.pl</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sztetl.org.pl/en/glossary/urzad-bezpieczenstwa-publicznego">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 6. jaanuar 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 9. juuli 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sztetl.org.pl&rft.atitle=Urz%C4%85d+Bezpiecze%C5%84stwa+Publicznego+-+Virtual+Shtetl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsztetl.org.pl%2Fen%2Fglossary%2Furzad-bezpieczenstwa-publicznego&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3APoola+Rahvavabariik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rummel, R. J. (1997). <i>Statistics of democide: genocide and mass murder since 1900</i>. Charlottesville, Virginia: Transaction Publishers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFDaemsSmitSnacken2013" class="citation book cs1">Daems, Tom; Smit, Dirk van Zyl; Snacken, Sonja (17. mai 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bWt6BAAAQBAJ&q=communist+poland+low+crime+rate&pg=PT240"><i>European Penology?</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/Rahvusvaheline_raamatu_standardnumber" title="Rahvusvaheline raamatu standardnumber">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Eri:Raamatuotsimine/9781782251309" title="Eri:Raamatuotsimine/9781782251309"><bdi>9781782251309</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 9. juuli 2018</span> – <i>cit. via</i> Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=European+Penology%3F&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2013-05-17&rft.isbn=9781782251309&rft.aulast=Daems&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=Smit%2C+Dirk+van+Zyl&rft.au=Snacken%2C+Sonja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbWt6BAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dcommunist%2Bpoland%2Blow%2Bcrime%2Brate%26pg%3DPT240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3APoola+Rahvavabariik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kirjandus">Kirjandus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poola_Rahvavabariik&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Kirjandus"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poola_Rahvavabariik&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Kirjandus" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFEkiert1997" class="citation journal cs1">Ekiert, Grzegorz (märts 1997). "Rebellious Poles: Political Crises and Popular Protest Under State Socialism, 1945-89". <i>East European Politics and Societies</i>. American Council of Learned Societies. <b>11</b> (2): 299–338. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0888325497011002006">10.1177/0888325497011002006</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantic_Scholar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semantic Scholar (pole veel kirjutatud)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144514807">144514807</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=East+European+Politics+and+Societies&rft.atitle=Rebellious+Poles%3A+Political+Crises+and+Popular+Protest+Under+State+Socialism%2C+1945-89&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=299-338&rft.date=1997-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0888325497011002006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144514807%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ekiert&rft.aufirst=Grzegorz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3APoola+Rahvavabariik" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFKurońŻakowski,_Jacek1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacek_Kuro%C5%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacek Kuroń (pole veel kirjutatud)">Kuroń, Jacek</a>; Żakowski, Jacek (1995). <i>PRL dla początkujących</i> (poola). Wrocław: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wydawnictwo_Dolno%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie (pole veel kirjutatud)">Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie</a>. Lk 348 pages. <a href="/wiki/Rahvusvaheline_raamatu_standardnumber" title="Rahvusvaheline raamatu standardnumber">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Eri:Raamatuotsimine/83-7023-461-5" title="Eri:Raamatuotsimine/83-7023-461-5"><bdi>83-7023-461-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=PRL+dla+pocz%C4%85tkuj%C4%85cych&rft.place=Wroc%C5%82aw&rft.pages=348+pages&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+Dolno%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=83-7023-461-5&rft.aulast=Kuro%C5%84&rft.aufirst=Jacek&rft.au=%C5%BBakowski%2C+Jacek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3APoola+Rahvavabariik" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Välislingid"><span id="V.C3.A4lislingid"></span>Välislingid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poola_Rahvavabariik&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Välislingid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poola_Rahvavabariik&action=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Välislingid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110607173341/http://www.czas-prl.pl/">PRL</a> at Czas-PRL.pl (poola keeles)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polskaludowa.com/">Internetowe Muzeum Polski Ludowej</a> at PolskaLudowa.com (poola keeles)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muzeumprl.com/">Muzeum PRL</a> at MuzeumPRL.com (poola keeles)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.komunizm.eu/index.html">Komunizm, socjalizm i czasy PRL-u</a> at Komunizm.eu (poola keeles)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080317093440/http://mirrors.sinuspl.net/www.pk.bezuprzedzen.pl/index.shtml">Propaganda komunistyczna</a> (poola keeles)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prltube.com/">PRL Tube, a categorized collection of videos from the Polish Communist period</a> (poola keeles)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaata_ka_2">Vaata ka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poola_Rahvavabariik&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poola_Rahvavabariik&action=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varssavi_Lepingu_Organisatsioon" title="Varssavi Lepingu Organisatsioon">Varssavi Lepingu Organisatsioon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastastikuse_Majandusabi_N%C3%B5ukogu" title="Vastastikuse Majandusabi Nõukogu">Vastastikuse Majandusabi Nõukogu</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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