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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Zobacz_też" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zobacz_też"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Zobacz też</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zobacz_też-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dysertacja</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 55 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissertation" title="Dissertation – szwajcarski niemiecki" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Dissertation" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="szwajcarski niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أطروحة أكاديمية – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أطروحة أكاديمية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesis_doctoral" title="Tesis doctoral – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tesis doctoral" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissertasiya" title="Dissertasiya – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dissertasiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="تز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Дысертацыя – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дысертацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Дисертация – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дисертация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tezenn" title="Tezenn – bretoński" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tezenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesi_doctoral" title="Tesi doctoral – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tesi doctoral" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diserta%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_pr%C3%A1ce" title="Disertační práce – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Disertační práce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traethawd_ymchwil" title="Traethawd ymchwil – walijski" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Traethawd ymchwil" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disputats" title="Disputats – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Disputats" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissertation" title="Dissertation – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dissertation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4itekiri" title="Väitekiri – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Väitekiri" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctoral_thesis" title="Doctoral thesis – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Doctoral thesis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesis_doctoral" title="Tesis doctoral – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tesis doctoral" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diserta%C4%B5o" title="Disertaĵo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Disertaĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktore_tesi" title="Doktore tesi – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Doktore tesi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proefskrift" title="Proefskrift – zachodniofryzyjski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Proefskrift" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zachodniofryzyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tese_de_doutoramento" title="Tese de doutoramento – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tese de doutoramento" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Դիսերտացիա – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դիսերտացիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="शोध-प्रबन्ध – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शोध-प्रबन्ध" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disertacija" title="Disertacija – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Disertacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tezo" title="Tezo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tezo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disertasi" title="Disertasi – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Disertasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktorsritger%C3%B0" title="Doktorsritgerð – islandzki" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Doktorsritgerð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94" title="דיסרטציה – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דיסרטציה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A7" title="ಮಹಾಪ್ರಬಂಧ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಹಾಪ್ರಬಂಧ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="დისერტაცია – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დისერტაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Докторлық диссертация – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Докторлық диссертация" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Диссертация – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Диссертация" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesis_doctoralis" title="Thesis doctoralis – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Thesis doctoralis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disertacija" title="Disertacija – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Disertacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disszert%C3%A1ci%C3%B3" title="Disszertáció – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Disszertáció" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proefschrift" title="Proefschrift – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Proefschrift" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avhandling" title="Avhandling – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Avhandling" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissertatsiya" title="Dissertatsiya – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dissertatsiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9sis" title="Tésis – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Tésis" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Дисертация – rusiński" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Дисертация" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Диссертация – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Диссертация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Диссертация – jakucki" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Диссертация" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakucki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dizerta%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_pr%C3%A1ca" title="Dizertačná práca – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dizertačná práca" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disertacija" title="Disertacija – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Disertacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktorska_disertacija" title="Doktorska disertacija – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Doktorska disertacija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disertasi" title="Disertasi – sundajski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Disertasi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4it%C3%B6skirja" title="Väitöskirja – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Väitöskirja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktorsavhandling" title="Doktorsavhandling – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Doktorsavhandling" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="ஆய்வேடு – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆய்வேடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B9%8C" title="วิทยานิพนธ์ – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิทยานิพนธ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Диссертатсия – tadżycki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Диссертатсия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadżycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Дисертація – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дисертація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93_%C3%A1n_t%E1%BB%91t_nghi%E1%BB%87p" title="Đồ án tốt nghiệp – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đồ án tốt nghiệp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB%E8%AE%BA%E6%96%87" title="博士论文 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="博士论文" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87" title="博士論文 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="博士論文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87" title="博士論文 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="博士論文" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q187685#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dysertacja" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:FIT_BUT_theses_and_diploma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/FIT_BUT_theses_and_diploma.jpg/220px-FIT_BUT_theses_and_diploma.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/FIT_BUT_theses_and_diploma.jpg/330px-FIT_BUT_theses_and_diploma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/FIT_BUT_theses_and_diploma.jpg/440px-FIT_BUT_theses_and_diploma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Dysertacja i dyplom</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Dysertacja</b> – pisemna <a href="/wiki/Praca_naukowa" class="mw-disambig" title="Praca naukowa">praca naukowa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Praca_dyplomowa" title="Praca dyplomowa">praca dyplomowa</a>) pisana w celu uzyskania <a href="/wiki/Stopnie_naukowe_w_Polsce" title="Stopnie naukowe w Polsce">stopnia naukowego</a><sup id="cite_ref-pwn_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pwn-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:02_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-2">[2]</a></sup>, zazwyczaj w formie <a href="/wiki/Rozprawa_(nauka)" title="Rozprawa (nauka)">rozprawy</a>. W <a href="/wiki/Polska" title="Polska">Polsce</a> napisanie i przedstawienie do <a href="/wiki/Recenzja_naukowa" title="Recenzja naukowa">recenzji</a> dysertacji jest warunkiem koniecznym otrzymania stopnia <a href="/wiki/Doktor_(stopie%C5%84_naukowy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doktor (stopień naukowy)">doktora</a> i <a href="/wiki/Habilitacja" title="Habilitacja">doktora habilitowanego</a> (<span class="need_ref" style="text-decoration: underline dotted grey;" title="Te informacje wymagają podania przypisów bibliograficznych od 2014-09">wymóg ten zniesiono w 2012 roku</span><sup class="noprint" title="Te informacje wymagają podania przypisów bibliograficznych od 2014-09">[<a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Przypisy" title="Pomoc:Przypisy">potrzebny przypis</a>]</sup> i aktualnie jest możliwe uzyskanie stopnia na podstawie publikacji). </p><p>W przypadku dysertacji pisanej w celu otrzymania stopnia doktora, doktora habilitowanego (rozprawy doktorskiej, r. habilitacyjnej), oczekuje się, aby zawierała ona oryginalne wyniki autora, wnoszące istotne, nowe treści do rozwoju <a href="/wiki/Nauka" title="Nauka">nauki</a>. Dysertacja doktorska pisana jest pod kontrolą i z pomocą <a href="/wiki/Promotor" class="mw-disambig" title="Promotor">promotora</a>, habilitacyjna samodzielnie. </p><p>W niektórych krajach otrzymanie stopnia naukowego następuje automatycznie po przedstawieniu dysertacji i uzyskaniu pozytywnych jej recenzji. W innych, m.in. w Polsce, wymagana jest jeszcze publiczna obrona dysertacji doktorskiej i multidyscyplinarny egzamin ustny, dysertacja habilitacyjna jest broniona niepublicznie. </p><p>Dawniej wyraz „dysertacja” oznaczał również poważną dyskusję naukową<sup id="cite_ref-pwn_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pwn-1">[1]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zobacz_też"><span id="Zobacz_te.C5.BC"></span>Zobacz też</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dysertacja&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zobacz też" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dysertacja&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Zobacz też"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samodzielny_pracownik_nauki" title="Samodzielny pracownik nauki">samodzielny pracownik nauki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigorosum" title="Rigorosum">rigorosum</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dysertacja&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dysertacja&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pwn-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pwn_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pwn_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sjp.pwn.pl/sjp/dysertacja;2555719.html">Dysertacja</a>. sjp.pwn.pl. [dostęp 2016-02-29].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:02_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book nourl"><i>Słownik terminologiczny informacji naukowej</i>, <span class="cite-name-full">Maria</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Maria" style="display:none">M.</span> <span class="cite-lastname">Dembowska</span>, Wrocław–Warszawa–Kraków–Gdańsk: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, 1979, s. 41<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=S%C5%82ownik+terminologiczny+informacji+naukowej&rft.place=Wroc%C5%82aw%E2%80%93Warszawa%E2%80%93Krak%C3%B3w%E2%80%93Gda%C5%84sk&rft.pub=Zak%C5%82ad+Narodowy+imienia+Ossoli%C5%84skich&rft.date=1979" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-s"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description"><a href="/wiki/Gatunek_literacki" title="Gatunek literacki">gatunek literacki</a></span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4012494-0">4012494-0</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph119476">ph119476</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hiszpa%C5%84ska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Hiszpańska Biblioteka Narodowa">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4343810">XX4343810</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_%C5%81otwy" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Łotwy">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000260484&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000260484</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyk%C5%82opedija_suczasnoji_Ukrajiny" title="Encykłopedija suczasnoji Ukrajiny">ЕСУ</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=24365">24365</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visuotin%C4%97_lietuvi%C5%B3_enciklopedija" title="Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija">VLE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/disertacija/">disertacija</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0213539.xml">0213539</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=disputats">disputats</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_enciklopedija" title="Hrvatska enciklopedija">Hrvatska enciklopedija</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=15380">15380</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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