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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_gl.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=gl" class=""><span>Doazóns</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_unha_conta&amp;returnto=Enciclopedia" title="É recomendable que cree unha conta e acceda ao sistema, se ben non é obrigatorio" class=""><span>Crear unha conta</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a 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href="/wiki/Especial:A_mi%C3%B1a_conversa" title="Conversa acerca de edicións feitas desde este enderezo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Conversa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sitio"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contidos" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contidos</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover á barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">agochar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inicio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimoloxía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimoloxía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimoloxía</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Etimoloxía-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección &quot;Etimoloxía&quot;</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Etimoloxía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dúas_palabras_gregas_interpretadas_como_unha_soa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dúas_palabras_gregas_interpretadas_como_unha_soa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Dúas palabras gregas interpretadas como unha soa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dúas_palabras_gregas_interpretadas_como_unha_soa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uso_no_século_XVI_da_palabra_composta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uso_no_século_XVI_da_palabra_composta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Uso no século XVI da palabra composta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uso_no_século_XVI_da_palabra_composta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-O_sufixo_-p(a)edia_e_o_sentido_moderno_da_palabra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#O_sufixo_-p(a)edia_e_o_sentido_moderno_da_palabra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>O sufixo <i>-p(a)edia</i> e o sentido moderno da palabra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-O_sufixo_-p(a)edia_e_o_sentido_moderno_da_palabra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tipoloxía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tipoloxía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tipoloxía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tipoloxía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Características_dun_texto_enciclopédico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Características_dun_texto_enciclopédico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Características dun texto enciclopédico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Características_dun_texto_enciclopédico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concepto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concepto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Concepto</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concepto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección &quot;Historia&quot;</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Orixes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orixes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Orixes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orixes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Idade_Antiga_e_Moderna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Idade_Antiga_e_Moderna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Idade Antiga e Moderna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Idade_Antiga_e_Moderna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Idade_Contemporánea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Idade_Contemporánea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Idade Contemporánea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Idade_Contemporánea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dende_o_século_XVIII" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dende_o_século_XVIII"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Dende o século XVIII</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dende_o_século_XVIII-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enciclopedias_galegas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enciclopedias_galegas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Enciclopedias galegas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enciclopedias_galegas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Véxase_tamén" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Véxase_tamén"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Véxase tamén</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección &quot;Véxase tamén&quot;</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliografía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Bibliografía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outros_artigos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outros_artigos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Outros artigos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outros_artigos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligazóns_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligazóns_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Ligazóns externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligazóns_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Enciclopedia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artigo noutra lingua. Dispoñible en 213 linguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-213" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">213 linguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedie" title="Ensiklopedie – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ensiklopedie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyklop%C3%A4die" title="Enzyklopädie – alemán suízo" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Enzyklopädie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemán suízo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%8B%9D%E1%8C%88%E1%89%A0_%E1%8B%95%E1%8B%8D%E1%89%80%E1%89%B5" title="መዝገበ ዕውቀት – amhárico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መዝገበ ዕውቀት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhárico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedia" title="Enciclopedia – aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Enciclopedia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C4%ABsd%C5%8Dmb%C5%8Dc" title="Wīsdōmbōc – inglês antigo" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Wīsdōmbōc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="inglês antigo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="موسوعة – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موسوعة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="موسوعة – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="موسوعة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%87" title="موسوعه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="موسوعه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7" title="বিশ্বকোষ – assamés" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বিশ্বকোষ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedia" title="Enciclopedia – asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Enciclopedia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энциклопедия – avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopediya" title="Ensiklopediya – acerbaixano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ensiklopediya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="acerbaixano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="بیلیکلیک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیلیکلیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энциклопедия – baxkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyklop%C3%A4die" title="Enzyklopädie – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Enzyklopädie" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encikluoped%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Encikluopedėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Encikluopedėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedia" title="Ensiklopedia – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Ensiklopedia" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedya" title="Ensiklopedya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ensiklopedya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Энцыклапедыя – belaruso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Энцыклапедыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belaruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Энцыкляпэдыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Энцыкляпэдыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banda_%C3%A8lmu" title="Banda èlmu – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Banda èlmu" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Енциклопедия – búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Енциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6" title="ज्ञानकोश – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ज्ञानकोश" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kindai_pangatahuan" title="Kindai pangatahuan – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kindai pangatahuan" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%85%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F" title="ကျမ်ꩻပေါင်ꩻစွုမ်ႏ – Pa&#039;O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ကျမ်ꩻပေါင်ꩻစွုမ်ႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa&#039;O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%94nniyagafeba" title="Dɔnniyagafeba – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Dɔnniyagafeba" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7" title="বিশ্বকোষ – bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিশ্বকোষ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7" title="বিশ্বকোষ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="বিশ্বকোষ" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holloueziadur" title="Holloueziadur – bretón" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Holloueziadur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklopedija" title="Enciklopedija – bosníaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Enciklopedija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosníaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%B1%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%85%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Нэбтэрхы толи – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Нэбтэрхы толи" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclop%C3%A8dia" title="Enciclopèdia – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Enciclopèdia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1ik-ku%C5%8F-ci%C3%B2ng-c%E1%B9%B3%CC%86" title="Báik-kuŏ-ciòng-cṳ̆ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Báik-kuŏ-ciòng-cṳ̆" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Энциклопеди – checheno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Энциклопеди" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="checheno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedya" title="Ensiklopedya – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ensiklopedya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DA%B5%DB%86%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ئینسایکڵۆپیدیا – kurdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئینسایکڵۆپیدیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encicluped%C3%ACa" title="Enciclupedìa – corso" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Enciclupedìa" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entsiklopediya" title="Entsiklopediya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Entsiklopediya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklopedie" title="Encyklopedie – checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Encyklopedie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklopedij%C3%B4" title="Encyklopedijô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Encyklopedijô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%B7%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%94%D0%B4%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Єнкѷклопєдїꙗ – eslavo eclesiástico" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Єнкѷклопєдїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="eslavo eclesiástico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Энциклопеди – chuvaxo" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Энциклопеди" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvaxo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwyddoniadur" title="Gwyddoniadur – galés" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwyddoniadur" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Encyklopædi – dinamarqués" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Encyklopædi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarqués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyklop%C3%A4die" title="Enzyklopädie – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Enzyklopädie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopediye" title="Ensiklopediye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ensiklopediye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklopedija" title="Encyklopedija – baixo sorbio" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Encyklopedija" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="baixo sorbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedia" title="Ensiklopedia – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Ensiklopedia" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7" title="विश्वकोष – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="विश्वकोष" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8B%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%AC%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%82%DE%A7%DE%89%DE%A7" title="ދާނެސްނާމާ – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ދާނެސްނާމާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Εγκυκλοπαίδεια – grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εγκυκλοπαίδεια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensicloped%C3%ACa" title="Ensiclopedìa – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Ensiclopedìa" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Encyclopedia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklopedio" title="Enciklopedio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Enciklopedio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedia" title="Enciclopedia – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Enciclopedia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ents%C3%BCklopeedia" title="Entsüklopeedia – estoniano" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Entsüklopeedia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entziklopedia" title="Entziklopedia – éuscaro" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Entziklopedia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="éuscaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87" title="دانشنامه – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشنامه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maanditorde" title="Maanditorde – fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Maanditorde" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tietosanakirja" title="Tietosanakirja – finés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tietosanakirja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Alfrøði – feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Alfrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bo"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensyklopedy" title="Ensyklopedy – frisón occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ensyklopedy" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisón occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclip%C3%A9id" title="Ciclipéid – irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ciclipéid" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" title="百科全書 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="百科全書" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leabhar-e%C3%B2lais" title="Leabhar-eòlais – gaélico escocés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Leabhar-eòlais" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélico escocés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91e%27%E1%BA%BDryrupav%E1%BA%BD" title="Ñe&#039;ẽryrupavẽ – guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñe&#039;ẽryrupavẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9E%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B6" title="જ્ઞાનકોશ – guxarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જ્ઞાનકોશ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="guxarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insakulofidiya" title="Insakulofidiya – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Insakulofidiya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pak-kh%C3%B4-chhi%C3%B2n-s%C3%BB" title="Pak-khô-chhiòn-sû – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pak-khô-chhiòn-sû" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puke_noi%E2%80%98i_k%C5%AB%E2%80%98ikena" title="Puke noi‘i kū‘ikena – hawaiano" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Puke noi‘i kū‘ikena" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94" title="אנציקלופדיה – hebreo" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנציקלופדיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6" title="विश्वज्ञानकोश – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विश्वज्ञानकोश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Encyclopedia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklopedija" title="Enciklopedija – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Enciklopedija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklopedija" title="Encyklopedija – alto sorbio" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Encyklopedija" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="alto sorbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansiklopedi" title="Ansiklopedi – crioulo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ansiklopedi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioulo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklop%C3%A9dia" title="Enciklopédia – húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Enciklopédia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Հանրագիտարան – armenio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հանրագիտարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Հանրագիտարան – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հանրագիտարան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Encyclopedia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedia" title="Ensiklopedia – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Ensiklopedia" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedia" title="Ensiklopedia – indonesio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ensiklopedia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uiqiqaluk" title="Uiqiqaluk – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Uiqiqaluk" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedia" title="Ensiklopedia – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Ensiklopedia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Энциклопеди – inguxo" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Энциклопеди" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguxo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklopedio" title="Enciklopedio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Enciklopedio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfr%C3%A6%C3%B0irit" title="Alfræðirit – islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alfræðirit" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedia" title="Enciclopedia – italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Enciclopedia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E4%BA%8B%E5%85%B8" title="百科事典 – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="百科事典" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88nsiklop%C3%A9dhi" title="Ènsiklopédhi – xavanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ènsiklopédhi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="xavanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ენციკლოპედია – xeorxiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ენციკლოპედია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="xeorxiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasanayt" title="Tasanayt – cabila" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tasanayt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%90sakuliye_takaya%C9%A3_k%C9%A9kala%C9%A3" title="Ɛsakuliye takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɛsakuliye takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balay_tinoduh" title="Balay tinoduh – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Balay tinoduh" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энциклопедия – kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklop%C3%A6dii" title="Encyklopædii – kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Encyklopædii" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%BB%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6" title="ប្រជុំវីជ្ជា – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ប្រជុំវីជ្ជា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶಗಳು – kannará" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannará" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84" title="백과사전 – coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="백과사전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энциклопедия – carachaio-bálcara" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="carachaio-bálcara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%90%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%96%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="اِنسایکلوپیٖڈیا – caxemirés" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اِنسایکلوپیٖڈیا" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="caxemirés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nohkixel" title="Nohkixel – kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Nohkixel" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ens%C3%AEkloped%C3%AE" title="Ensîklopedî – kurdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ensîklopedî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godhoniador" title="Godhoniador – córnico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Godhoniador" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="córnico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энциклопедия – kirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopaedia" title="Encyclopaedia – latín" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Encyclopaedia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansiklopedya" title="Ansiklopedya – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Ansiklopedya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyklopedie" title="Enzyklopedie – luxemburgués" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Enzyklopedie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энциклопедия – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedie" title="Encyclopedie – limburgués" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Encyclopedie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclupedia" title="Enciclupedia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Enciclupedia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1" title="ສາລານຸກົມ – laosiano" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສາລານຸກົມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklopedija" title="Enciklopedija – lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Enciklopedija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%86ciklopedeja" title="Eņciklopedeja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Eņciklopedeja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklop%C4%93dija" title="Enciklopēdija – letón" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Enciklopēdija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88nsiklope%E1%B8%8Dia" title="Ènsiklopeḍia – madurés" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Ènsiklopeḍia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6" title="विश्वकोश – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="विश्वकोश" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedia" title="Ensiklopedia – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Ensiklopedia" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raki-pahalalana" title="Raki-pahalalana – malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Raki-pahalalana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Энциклопедий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Энциклопедий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubuak_aka" title="Lubuak aka – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Lubuak aka" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Енциклопедија – macedonio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Енциклопедија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82" title="വിജ്ഞാനകോശം – malabar" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിജ്ഞാനകോശം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Нэвтэрхий толь – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нэвтэрхий толь" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A7%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A9" title="ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯀꯩ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯀꯩ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6" title="ज्ञानकोश – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ज्ञानकोश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedia" title="Ensiklopedia – malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ensiklopedia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/En%C4%8Biklopedija" title="Enċiklopedija – maltés" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Enċiklopedija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anciclop%C3%A9dia" title="Anciclopédia – mirandés" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Anciclopédia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%BD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="စွယ်စုံကျမ်း – birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စွယ်စုံကျမ်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87" title="فرهنگنومه – mazandaraní" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فرهنگنومه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%93ntlamatiliz%C4%81moxtli" title="Cēntlamatilizāmoxtli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Cēntlamatilizāmoxtli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encicloped%C3%ADa" title="Enciclopedía – napolitano" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Enciclopedía" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyklop%C3%A4die" title="Enzyklopädie – baixo alemán" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Enzyklopädie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baixo alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklopedie" title="Encyklopedie – baixo saxón" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Encyklopedie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baixo saxón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6" title="विश्वकोश – nepalí" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विश्वकोश" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedie" title="Encyclopedie – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Encyclopedie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leksikon" title="Leksikon – noruegués nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Leksikon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruegués nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklopedi" title="Encyklopedi – noruegués bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Encyklopedi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegués bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encycliop%C3%A9die" title="Encycliopédie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Encycliopédie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dnsadoob%C3%AD%C3%ADdiiya" title="Ínsadoobíídiiya – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Ínsadoobíídiiya" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia – chewa" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Encyclopedia" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="chewa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclop%C3%A8dia" title="Enciclopèdia – occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Enciclopèdia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubee" title="Kubee – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kubee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B7" title="ଜ୍ଞାନକୋଷ – odiá" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜ୍ଞାନକୋଷ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odiá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Энциклопеди – ossetio" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Энциклопеди" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC" title="ਵਿਸ਼ਵਕੋਸ਼ – panxabí" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਸ਼ਵਕੋਸ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panxabí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedia" title="Ensiklopedia – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Ensiklopedia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uffguckbichli" title="Uffguckbichli – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Uffguckbichli" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklopedia" title="Encyklopedia – polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Encyklopedia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="انسائیکلوپیڈیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انسائیکلوپیڈیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Εγκυκλοπαίδεια – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Εγκυκλοπαίδεια" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%86%DA%89" title="پوهنغونډ – paxto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پوهنغونډ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclop%C3%A9dia" title="Enciclopédia – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Enciclopédia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedie" title="Enciclopedie – romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Enciclopedie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entsiclopedie" title="Entsiclopedie – aromanés" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Entsiclopedie" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Ngeclopedije" title="&#039;Ngeclopedije – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="&#039;Ngeclopedije" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энциклопедия – ruso" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Енціклопедія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Енціклопедія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%83" title="विश्वकोशः – sánscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="विश्वकोशः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sánscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энциклопедия – iacuto" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacuto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedia" title="Enciclopedia – sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Enciclopedia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nciclupid%C3%ACa" title="Nciclupidìa – siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nciclupidìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopaedia" title="Encyclopaedia – escocés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Encyclopaedia" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%84%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%8A%DA%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="انسائيڪلوپيڊيا – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="انسائيڪلوپيڊيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklopedija" title="Enciklopedija – serbocroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Enciklopedija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%9E%E1%82%85%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="ပပ်ႉသႅၼ်သမ်ႇ – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ပပ်ႉသႅၼ်သမ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%82%E2%80%8D" title="විශ්‍‍වකෝෂ‍ – cingalés" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විශ්‍‍වකෝෂ‍" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Encyclopedia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklop%C3%A9dia" title="Encyklopédia – eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Encyklopédia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D9%8F%D9%88%D9%85_%DA%B3%D9%88%D8%AC%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="بھُوم ڳوجھی – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="بھُوم ڳوجھی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklopedija" title="Enciklopedija – esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Enciklopedija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklopedia" title="Enciklopedia – albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Enciklopedia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Енциклопедија – serbio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Енциклопедија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia – suazi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Encyclopedia" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="suazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyklop%C3%A4die" title="Enzyklopädie – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Enzyklopädie" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89nsiklop%C3%A9di" title="Énsiklopédi – sundanés" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Énsiklopédi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uppslagsverk" title="Uppslagsverk – sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Uppslagsverk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamusi_elezo" title="Kamusi elezo – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kamusi elezo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yncyklopedyjo" title="Yncyklopedyjo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Yncyklopedyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கலைக்களஞ்சியம் – támil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கலைக்களஞ்சியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="támil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B6" title="ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9E%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82" title="విజ్ఞాన సర్వస్వం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="విజ్ఞాన సర్వస్వం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Донишнома – taxico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Донишнома" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taxico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1" title="สารานุกรม – tailandés" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สารานุกรม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedya" title="Ensiklopedya – tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ensiklopedya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedij%C9%99" title="Ensiklopedijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Ensiklopedijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensaetlolopedia" title="Ensaetlolopedia – tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Ensaetlolopedia" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensaiklopedia" title="Ensaiklopedia – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Ensaiklopedia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansiklopedi" title="Ansiklopedi – turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ansiklopedi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopediya" title="Encyclopediya – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Encyclopediya" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энциклопедия – tártaro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tártaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89nsklop%C3%A9diye" title="Énsklopédiye – uigur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Énsklopédiye" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Енциклопедія – ucraíno" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Енциклопедія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraíno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%DB%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81" title="دائرۃ المعارف – urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دائرۃ المعارف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopediya" title="Ensiklopediya – uzbeko" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ensiklopediya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiclopedia" title="Ensiclopedia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ensiclopedia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1ch_khoa_to%C3%A0n_th%C6%B0" title="Bách khoa toàn thư – vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bách khoa toàn thư" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikloped" title="Sikloped – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Sikloped" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eciclopedeye" title="Eciclopedeye – valón" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Eciclopedeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensayklopedya" title="Ensayklopedya – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ensayklopedya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimbulang" title="Jimbulang – wólof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Jimbulang" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wólof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="百科全书 – chinés wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="百科全书" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chinés wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ენციკლოპედია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ენციკლოპედია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A2" title="ענציקלאפעדיע – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ענציקלאפעדיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%93" title="ⴰⵙⴰⵎⵓ – tamazight marroquí estándar" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵙⴰⵎⵓ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazight marroquí estándar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="百科全书 – chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="百科全书" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" title="百科全書 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="百科全書" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pek-kho-cho%C3%A2n-su" 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</nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas das páxinas"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparencia"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover á barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">agochar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-03-1000" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lista_de_artigos_que_toda_Wikipedia_deber%C3%ADa_ter" title="Este é un dos 1000 artigos que toda Wikipedia debería ter"><img alt="Este é un dos 1000 artigos que toda Wikipedia debería ter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/AD_%2B30.svg/22px-AD_%2B30.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/AD_%2B30.svg/33px-AD_%2B30.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/AD_%2B30.svg/44px-AD_%2B30.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="10" data-file-height="10" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Na Galipedia, a Wikipedia en galego.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="gl" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="dablink">Para outras páxinas con títulos homónimos véxase: <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie">Encyclopédie</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Gran_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Gran_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana.jpg/220px-Gran_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Gran_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana.jpg/330px-Gran_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Gran_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana.jpg/440px-Gran_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1286" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</figcaption></figure> <p>Unha <b>enciclopedia</b> é unha <a href="/w/index.php?title=Obra_de_referencia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Obra de referencia (a páxina aínda non existe)">obra de referencia</a> que é <a href="/wiki/Compendio" title="Compendio">compendio</a> de <a href="/wiki/Informaci%C3%B3n" title="Información">información</a> que abrangue tódalas pólas do <a href="/wiki/Co%C3%B1ecemento" title="Coñecemento">coñecemento</a> humano.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> As enciclopedias están divididas en artigos ou entradas, que están ordenados por <a href="/wiki/Orde_alfab%C3%A9tica" title="Orde alfabética">orde alfabética</a> segundo o nome do artigo.<sup id="cite_ref-DOLencyclopedia_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOLencyclopedia-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> As entradas de enciclopedia son máis longas e achegan información máis polo miúdo que os <a href="/wiki/Dicionario" title="Dicionario">dicionarios</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DOLencyclopedia_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOLencyclopedia-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> Ó contrario que as entradas de dicionario, que se centran en información <a href="/wiki/Ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica" title="Lingüística">lingüística</a> sobre as <a href="/wiki/Palabra" title="Palabra">palabras</a>, os artigos das enciclopedias céntranse en información factual relativa ó suxeito do artigo.<sup id="cite_ref-bejoint_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bejoint-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EB_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DOLei_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOLei-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OHEL22_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OHEL22-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As enciclopedias existen dende hai 2&#160;000 anos, sendo a máis antiga que se coñece <i><a href="/wiki/Naturalis_Historia" title="Naturalis Historia">Naturalis Historia</a></i>, escrita arredor do ano 77 por <a href="/wiki/Plinio_o_Vello" title="Plinio o Vello">Plinio o Vello</a>. As enciclopedias modernas evolucionaron dende os dicionarios arredor do século XVII. Historicamente, algunhas enciclopedias estaban contidas nun só <a href="/wiki/Volume_(libro)" title="Volume (libro)">volume</a>, mentres que outras, como a <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, a <i><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Enciclopedia Treccani</a></i> (62 volumes, 56&#160;000 páxinas) ou a meirande do mundo, <i><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Espasa" title="Enciclopedia Espasa">Enciclopedia universal ilustrada europeo-americana</a></i> (118 volumes, 105&#160;000 páxinas), convertéronse en grandes obras multivolume. </p><p>A aparición de <a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_en_li%C3%B1a" title="Enciclopedia en liña">versións dixitais e de código aberto</a> no século XXI, como a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, ampliou enormemente a accesibilidade, a autoría, o número de lectores e a variedade de entradas de enciclopedia. A aparición de <a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_en_li%C3%B1a" title="Enciclopedia en liña">fagas unha versión dixitais e de código aberto</a> no século XXI, como <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, ampliou enormemente a accesibilidade, a autoría, o número de lectores e a variedade de entradas de enciclopedia. <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimoloxía"><span id="Etimolox.C3.ADa"></span>Etimoloxía</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editar a sección: «Etimoloxía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Etimoloxía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dúas_palabras_gregas_interpretadas_como_unha_soa"><span id="D.C3.BAas_palabras_gregas_interpretadas_como_unha_soa"></span>Dúas palabras gregas interpretadas como unha soa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editar a sección: «Dúas palabras gregas interpretadas como unha soa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Dúas palabras gregas interpretadas como unha soa"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A palabra "enciclopedia" (enciclo|pedia) provén do <a href="/wiki/Lingua_grega_antiga" title="Lingua grega antiga">grego</a> <a href="/wiki/Koin%C3%A9" title="Koiné">koiné</a> ἐγκύκλιος παιδεία}},<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Transliteraci%C3%B3n" title="Transliteración">transliterado</a> <i>enkyklios paedia</i>, que significa 'educación xeral' de enkyklios (ἐγκύκλιος), que significa 'circular, recorrente, requirido regularmente, xeral'<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> e <i><a href="/wiki/Paideia" title="Paideia">paideia</a></i> (παιδεία), que significa "educación", "crear un fillo"; ambas as palabras xuntas toman o significado literal de "instrución completa" ou "coñecemento completo".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> Con todo, as dúas palabras separadas reducíronse a unha soa debido a un erro de escritura. Segundo algunhas fontes,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> esta edición incorrecta foi feita por copistas dunha edición manuscrita en latín de <a href="/wiki/Quintiliano" title="Quintiliano">Quintiliano</a> pois deduciron que esta frase era unha única palabra grega, co mesmo significado, e esta palabra grega espuria (ἐγκυκλοπαιδεία <i>enkyklopaedia</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup>, converteuse na palabra neolatina enciclopedia , que á súa vez chegou ao galego. Por mor desta palabra composta, os lectores do século XV desde entón pensaron a miúdo, e incorrectamente, que os autores romanos Quintiliano e <a href="/wiki/Naturalis_Historia" title="Naturalis Historia">Plinio</a> describían un xénero antigo..<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Ringelbergius,_%27Lucubrationes...KYKLOPEDEIA...%27_ed._Basel_1541_original.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ringelbergius%2C_%27Lucubrationes...KYKLOPEDEIA...%27_ed._Basel_1541_original.JPG/170px-Ringelbergius%2C_%27Lucubrationes...KYKLOPEDEIA...%27_ed._Basel_1541_original.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ringelbergius%2C_%27Lucubrationes...KYKLOPEDEIA...%27_ed._Basel_1541_original.JPG/255px-Ringelbergius%2C_%27Lucubrationes...KYKLOPEDEIA...%27_ed._Basel_1541_original.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ringelbergius%2C_%27Lucubrationes...KYKLOPEDEIA...%27_ed._Basel_1541_original.JPG/340px-Ringelbergius%2C_%27Lucubrationes...KYKLOPEDEIA...%27_ed._Basel_1541_original.JPG 2x" data-file-width="462" data-file-height="614" /></a><figcaption>Portada de <i>Lucubrationes</i>, edición de 1541, un dos primeiros libros en utilizar unha variante da palabra <i>enciclopedia</i> no título.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uso_no_século_XVI_da_palabra_composta"><span id="Uso_no_s.C3.A9culo_XVI_da_palabra_composta"></span>Uso no século XVI da palabra composta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Editar a sección: «Uso no século XVI da palabra composta»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Uso no século XVI da palabra composta"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>No <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XVI" title="Século XVI">século XVI</a> houbo un nivel de ambigüidade sobre como utilizar esta nova palabra. Tal e como ilustran varios títulos, non existía unha noción establecida sobre a súa ortografía nin a súa condición de substantivo. Por exemplo: a de Jacobus Philomusus <i><span lang="a">Margarida filosófica encyclopaediam exhibens</span></i> (1508); a de Johannes Aventinus <i><span lang="a">Encyclopedia orbisque doctrinarum, hoc est omnium artium, scientiarum, ipsius philosophiae index ac divisio</span></i>; a de Joachimus Fortius Ringelbergius <i><span lang="a">Lucubrationes vel potius absolutissima kyklopaideia</span></i> (1538, 1541); a de Paul Skalich <i><span lang="a">Encyclopaediæ, seu orbis disciplinarum, tam sacrarum quam prophanarum, epistemon</span></i> (1559); a de Gregor Reisch <i><span lang="a">Margarida filosófica</span></i> (1503, retitulada Encyclopaedia en 1583); e a de Samuel Eisenmenger <i><span lang="a">Cyclopaedia Paracelsica</span></i> (1585). <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Houbo dous exemplos do uso <a href="/wiki/Lingua_vern%C3%A1cula" title="Lingua vernácula">vernacular</a> máis antigo da palabra composta. Ao redor de 1490, Franciscus Puccius escribiu unha carta a Policiano agradecéndolle a súa <i>Miscelánea</i>, chamándoa <i>enciclopèdia</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris-McCoy200811-12_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris-McCoy200811-12-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> Máis comunmente, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais" title="François Rabelais">François Rabelais </a> é citado polo uso do termo no seu <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gargantua_e_Pantagruel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gargantua e Pantagruel (a páxina aínda non existe)">Pantagruel</a></i> (1532).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="O_sufixo_-p(a)edia_e_o_sentido_moderno_da_palabra"><span id="O_sufixo_-p.28a.29edia_e_o_sentido_moderno_da_palabra"></span>O sufixo <i>-p(a)edia</i> e o sentido moderno da palabra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Editar a sección: «O sufixo -p(a)edia e o sentido moderno da palabra»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: O sufixo -p(a)edia e o sentido moderno da palabra"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Varias enciclopedias teñen nomes que inclúen o sufixo <i>-p(a)edia</i>, para marcar o texto como pertencente ao xénero da enciclopedia. Algúns exemplos entre moitos son a mesma "Wikipedia" ou a "Banglapedia" (sobre cuestións relevantes para Bangladesh). </p><p>O termo adquiriu o seu significado moderno coa Enciclopedia de Diderot, <i>Encyclopédie o Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers</i>, unha enciclopedia francesa publicada entre 1751 e 1772 baixo a dirección de <a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Denis Diderot</a> e, en parte , de <a href="/wiki/Jean_Le_Rond_d%27Alembert" title="Jean Le Rond d&#39;Alembert">Jean Le Rond d'Alembert</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tipoloxía"><span id="Tipolox.C3.ADa"></span>Tipoloxía</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Editar a sección: «Tipoloxía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Tipoloxía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Desde o punto de vista do "contido" (cobertura temática), as enciclopedias poden ser "xerais", con información sobre todo tipo de materias, ou "temáticas", especializadas nun campo determinado (por exemplo, unha enciclopedia <a href="/wiki/Ciencia" title="Ciencia">científica</a>). </p> <ul><li>O tipo máis común de enciclopedia xeral (ou enciclopedia por antonomasia) é a coñecida como “enciclopedia universal”, unha tipoloxía que ofrece unha introdución de fácil acceso ao conxunto do coñecemento humano, cunha cobertura universal, normalmente cunha porcentaxe especialmente nos contidos dedicados ao propio ámbito nacional ou lingüístico-cultural. Exemplos: "Gran enciclopedia galega", "Gran enciclopedia catalá", "Bolxaia sovétskaia entsiklopédiia", "Encyclopaedia Britannica", "enciclopedia italiana", os diversos Larousse, Espasa, etc.</li> <li>Por outra banda, son exemplos de enciclopedias "temáticas": "Gran enciclopedia de Mallorca", "Gran enciclopédia Valenciana", "Enciclopédia de Menorca", "Encyclopédie do Islam" ', <i>The Cambridge encyclopedia de Rusia e a antiga Unión Soviética</i>, etc.</li></ul> <p>Desde o punto de vista da presentación do contido ("ordenación interna"), as enciclopedias poden ser "alfabéticas" (ordenadas alfabéticamente) ou "sistemáticas" (coa información estruturada segundo un "sistema" ou plan lóxico, en temáticas ou bloques de afinidade). </p> <ul><li>Exemplos de enciclopedias "alfabéticas": "Gran enciclopedia galega", "Gran enciclopedia catalá", "Bolxaia sovétskaia entsiklopédiia", "Enciclopedia Británica", "Enciclopedia italiana", "Gran enciclopedia de Mallorca", "Gran enciclopedia valenciana".</li> <li>Exemplos de enciclopedias <i>sistemáticas</i>: <i>Enciclopedia de Menorca</i>, <i>Enciclopedia Labor</i>, <i>Encyclopédie française</i> (1935-1966), <i>Ulises: enciclopedia de investigación e descubrimento</i> ', <i>A enciclopedia Cambridge de Rusia e a antiga Unión Soviética</i>.</li></ul> <p>Ambos puntos de vista son acumulativos, claro. Todas as enciclopedias universais citadas anteriormente son, ao mesmo tempo, enciclopedias alfabéticas. Por outra banda, <i>Encyclopédie française</i> (1935-1966) e <i>Ulysses</i> son enciclopedias universais sistemáticas. "Gran encyclopédia de Mallorca", "Gran enciclopédia Valenciana" e "Encyclopédie do Islam" son enciclopedias temáticas alfabéticas. Por outra banda, <i>Enciclopedia de Menorca</i> e <i>A enciclopedia de Cambridge de Rusia e da antiga Unión Soviética</i> son enciclopedias temáticas sistemáticas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Características_dun_texto_enciclopédico"><span id="Caracter.C3.ADsticas_dun_texto_enciclop.C3.A9dico"></span>Características dun texto enciclopédico</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Editar a sección: «Características dun texto enciclopédico»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Características dun texto enciclopédico"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Os artigos enciclopédicos presentan unha serie de características que os distinguen doutros formatos textuais: </p> <ul><li>Son moi sintéticos; tratan de condensar ao máximo a información.</li></ul> <ul><li>Non adoitan facer concesións á lexibilidade do texto; priman a facilidade de obter a información.</li></ul> <ul><li>Non teñen elementos subxectivos ou de opinión; buscan fronte a todo o rigor e a exposición dos datos.</li></ul> <ul><li>A cantidade de información que conteñen tende a ser a máxima posible en función das dimensións da obra no seu conxunto.</li></ul> <ul><li>Unha enciclopedia adoita ter varios autores; poden chegar a ser decenas e centos.</li></ul> <p>O redactado comeza cunha definición, como un dicionario, pero amplía a información e inclúe entradas non léxicas, como os <a href="/wiki/Nome_propio" class="mw-redirect" title="Nome propio">nomes propios</a>. Estrutúrase seguindo as convencións do texto expositivo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concepto">Concepto</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Editar a sección: «Concepto»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Concepto"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moitos <a href="/wiki/Escritor" class="mw-redirect" title="Escritor">escritores</a> antigos (coma o filósofo <a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B3teles" title="Aristóteles">Aristóteles</a>) fixeron o intento de compendiar todo o coñecemento <a href="/wiki/Ser_humano" title="Ser humano">humano</a>. Non obstante, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Harris&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Harris (a páxina aínda non existe)">John Harris</a> é quen recibe o crédito por establecer o agora familiar formato de enciclopedia no <a href="/wiki/1704" title="1704">1704</a> co seu <i>Lexicon technicum</i>. A venerábel <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Enciclopedia Británica</a> tivo un comezo modesto, de <a href="/wiki/1768" title="1768">1768</a> a <a href="/wiki/1771" title="1771">1771</a> publicáronse tan só tres volumes. Quizais a máis famosa enciclopedia antiga foi a Francesa <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie">Encyclopédie</a></i>, editada por <a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Denis Diderot</a> e completada no <a href="/wiki/1772" title="1772">1772</a>. </p><p>As enciclopedias, pola súa estrutura de palabras e referencias cruzadas, son extremadamente axeitadas para trasladaren os seus contidos do formato impreso ao formato <a href="/wiki/Sistema_dixital" title="Sistema dixital">dixital</a>, debido a dúas razóns: primeiro, porque é bastante doado explorar e atopar o que se está buscando e segundo, porque é posíbel engadir <a href="/wiki/Son" title="Son">sons</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADdeo" title="Vídeo">vídeos</a> e outros contidos <a href="/wiki/Multimedia" title="Multimedia">multimedia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Editar a sección: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Historia"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orixes">Orixes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Editar a sección: «Orixes»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Orixes"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>No <a href="/wiki/Antigo_Exipto" title="Antigo Exipto">antigo Exipto</a> atópanse igualmente unhas listas temáticas que se poden considerar como protoenciclopedias. A <i>Onomástica do <a href="/wiki/Ramesseum" title="Ramesseum">Ramesseum</a></i>, redactada cara a 1750&#160;a.&#160;C. é unha lista de palabras agrupadas por categorías. Outra obra do mesmo xénero, pero moito máis desenvolvida, é a <i>Onomástica de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amenofis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Amenofis (a páxina aínda non existe)">Amenofis</a></i>, realizada cara a 1100. Conta con 610 elementos organizados de modo temático e contería máis de 2000 informacións distintas coa ambición de crear «un catálogo sistemático do <a href="/wiki/Universo" title="Universo">universo</a>». Este afastado devanceiro do <a href="/wiki/Dicionario" title="Dicionario">dicionario</a> enciclopédico tería o labor «non de ensinar a escribir aos nenos, senón de propoñer un programa de <a href="/wiki/Educaci%C3%B3n" title="Educación">instrución</a> da <a href="/wiki/Ser_humano" title="Ser humano">humanidade</a> fundado sobre a organización do <a href="/wiki/Mundo" title="Mundo">mundo</a>». </p><p>O filósofo grego <a href="/wiki/Plat%C3%B3n" title="Platón">Platón</a> (428-348&#160;a.&#160;C.) realizou un resumo dos coñecementos da súa época nun dos seus diálogos, o <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeo_(di%C3%A1logo)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeo (diálogo) (a páxina aínda non existe)">Timeo</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Astronom%C3%ADa" title="Astronomía">astronomía</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cosmogon%C3%ADa" title="Cosmogonía">cosmogonía</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física">física</a> e <a href="/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina">medicina</a>. Esta obra pode ser considerada unha "enciclopedia metódica". O seu discípulo <a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B3teles" title="Aristóteles">Aristóteles</a> (384-322&#160;a.&#160;C.) produciu unha longa cantidade de tratados sobre gran variedade de temas cun espírito verdadeiramente enciclopédico e sen equivalentes no mundo antigo (poética, retórica, lóxica, política, física, psicoloxía, bioloxía, ética...). Con todo, os seus esforzos non foron difundidos ata 275 anos despois do seu falecemento, cara ao ano <a href="/wiki/-50" title="-50">50&#160;a.&#160;C.</a>. Perdeuse practicamente toda a obra de escritores enciclopédicos como <a href="/wiki/Dem%C3%B3crito_de_Abdera" class="mw-redirect" title="Demócrito de Abdera">Demócrito</a> e <a href="/wiki/Posidonio" title="Posidonio">Posidonio</a>. </p><p>Entre os romanos, o primeiro en tentar compendiar o saber antigo foi <a href="/wiki/Marco_Terencio_Varr%C3%B3n" title="Marco Terencio Varrón">Varrón</a> (116-27&#160;a.&#160;C.), cuxas <i>Antiquitatum rerum humanarum et divinarum libri XLI</i> non perduraron senón como fragmentos e extractos noutros autores e enciclopedistas posteriores. Para este autor, o camiño ao saber era a <a href="/wiki/Etimolox%C3%ADa" title="Etimoloxía">etimoloxía</a>, como o foi para o moi posterior visigodo <a href="/wiki/Isidoro_de_Sevilla" title="Isidoro de Sevilla">santo Isidoro</a>, probablemente o último en servirse desta perdida obra de Varrón para a súa propia enciclopedia, as <i>Etimologías</i>. Para Varrón o termo <i>verbum</i> («palabra») viña de <i>veritas</i> («verdade»), o que lexitimaba ese procedemento. Composta esta obra por 41 libros, 25 estaban consagrados aos asuntos humanos e o resto aos divinos dos deuses pagáns. Esta obra, desaparecida, deixou, con todo, moito coñecemento a través das súas citas e diversas refundicións medievais. </p><p>Cara ao comezo do primeiro século de nosa era, <a href="/wiki/Aulo_Cornelio_Celso" title="Aulo Cornelio Celso">Aulo Cornelio Celso</a> redactou unha enciclopedia en 26 libros, <i>De Artibus</i>, que cubría materias de agricultura, guerra, retórica, filosofía, dereito e medicina, aínda que foi este último dominio o máis particularmente desenvolvido, precisamente a única sección da obra que chegou ata nós, polo menos en parte. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Naturalishistoria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Naturalishistoria.jpg/170px-Naturalishistoria.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Naturalishistoria.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="235" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>Edición de <i>Naturalis Historiæ</i> de 1669; a obra non segue o formato moderno de enciclopedia, pois <a href="/wiki/Plinio_o_Vello" title="Plinio o Vello">Plinio</a> ordena os artigos por áreas, como un grupo coherente e en forma de guía, seguindo a clasificación da natureza de <a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B3teles" title="Aristóteles">Aristóteles</a> (animal, vexetal, mineral), para así recrear unha visión do mundo natural en forma máis literaria e comprensiva.</figcaption></figure> <p>Posterior e unha das primeiras obras enciclopédicas que sobreviviron aos tempos modernos, é a <i><a href="/wiki/Naturalis_Historia" title="Naturalis Historia">Naturalis Historia</a></i> de <a href="/wiki/Plinio_o_Vello" title="Plinio o Vello">Plinio o Vello</a>, escritor romano do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_I" title="Século I">século I</a> Compilou unha obra de 37 capítulos que abarcan a <a href="/wiki/Historia_natural" title="Historia natural">historia natural</a> a <a href="/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">arte</a> e a <a href="/wiki/Arquitectura" title="Arquitectura">arquitectura</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina">medicina</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Xeograf%C3%ADa" title="Xeografía">xeografía</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Xeolox%C3%ADa" title="Xeoloxía">xeoloxía</a> e todos os aspectos do mundo que lle rodeaba. Declarou no seu prólogo que compilara vinte mil feitos a partir de dous mil títulos de douscentos autores distintos, e agregou que outros moitos proviñan da súa propia experiencia. O traballo foi publicado ao redor de 77 a 79&#160;d.&#160;C.,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> pero probablemente nunca terminou de corrixir a obra antes de que falecese investigando a erupción do <a href="/wiki/Monte_Vesuvio" title="Monte Vesuvio">Vesuvio</a> no <a href="/wiki/79" title="79">79 d. C.</a> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ficheiro:MargaritaPhilosophica.djvu&amp;page=4" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/MargaritaPhilosophica.djvu/page4-170px-MargaritaPhilosophica.djvu.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/MargaritaPhilosophica.djvu/page4-255px-MargaritaPhilosophica.djvu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/MargaritaPhilosophica.djvu/page4-340px-MargaritaPhilosophica.djvu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1424" /></a><figcaption>A filosofía <i>triceps</i> (<i>naturalis</i>, <i>rationalis</i> e <i>moralis</i>) coas sete <a href="/wiki/Artes_liberais" title="Artes liberais">artes liberais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xilograf%C3%ADa" title="Xilografía">xilografía</a> que serve de frontispicio á primeira edición da primeira enciclopedia impresa, a <i>Margarita philosophica</i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregor_Reisch&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregor Reisch (a páxina aínda non existe)">Gregor Reisch</a>, 1503.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nas súas <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noites_%C3%81ticas_(Aulo_Gelio)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Noites Áticas (Aulo Gelio) (a páxina aínda non existe)">Noites áticas</a></i> (II século&#160;d.&#160;C.), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aulo_Gelio&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aulo Gelio (a páxina aínda non existe)">Aulo Gelio</a> diserta sobre numerosas materias de literatura, artes, filosofía, historia, dereito, xeometría, medicina, ciencias naturais, meteoroloxía e xeografía, aínda que cun espírito máis ensayístico e erudito que sistemático e enciclopédico. Por outra banda, o <i>Polyhistor</i> (tamén chamado <i>As marabillas do mundo</i>), obra do escritor romano <a href="/wiki/Solino" title="Solino">Solino</a>, do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_III" title="Século III">século III</a> ou <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_IV" title="Século IV">século IV</a> presenta as curiosidades do mundo por rexións. Aínda que a obra perdeuse, numerosos elementos dela, como no caso de Varrón, foron recollidos nas enciclopedias medievais. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nonio_Marcelo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nonio Marcelo (a páxina aínda non existe)">Nonio Marcelo</a> redactou, a comezos do século IV, o <i>De compendiosa doctrina</i>, unha compilación ou <a href="/wiki/Ep%C3%ADtome" title="Epítome">epítome</a> de tratados sobre a lingua e diversas técnicas, arranxada e ordenada en forma alfabética. Cara a fins do século IV, o gramático <a href="/wiki/Mario_Honorato_Servio" title="Mario Honorato Servio">Servio</a> redactou un moi abundante comentario á obra de <a href="/wiki/Virxilio" title="Virxilio">Virxilio</a> que pode lerse tamén como un vasto repertorio temático ou como unha enciclopedia organizada segundo a orde do texto do poeta. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marciano_Capella&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Marciano Capella (a páxina aínda non existe)">Marciano Capella</a>, avogado que vivía en Alxeria, foi autor do <i>De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii</i> ("Vodas de Filoloxía e Mercurio"), redactado entre o 410 e o 429. Este manual en forma de narración <a href="/wiki/Alegor%C3%ADa" title="Alegoría">alegórica</a> sintetiza en 9 libros os coñecementos da época: filoloxía, gramática, dialéctica, retórica, xeometría, aritmética, astronomía e harmonía. Foi moi popular na <a href="/wiki/Imperio_Carolinxio" title="Imperio Carolinxio">época carolinxia</a>, e servirá de referencia para organizar os estudos medievais no ensino básico (o <i><a href="/wiki/Trivio" title="Trivio">Trivium</a></i>) e superior (o <i><a href="/wiki/Cuadrivio" title="Cuadrivio">Quadrivium</a></i>). Foi lido mesmo no <a href="/wiki/Renacemento" title="Renacemento">Renacemento</a> e inspirou en especial a <a href="/wiki/Nicolao_Cop%C3%A9rnico" title="Nicolao Copérnico">Copérnico</a>. <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1bano_Mauro" title="Rábano Mauro">Rábano Mauro</a> redactou cara a 842 o seu <i>De rerum naturis</i>, chamado tamén <i>De Universo</i> en vinte libros, resumindo e reordenando a obra de <a href="/wiki/Isidoro_de_Sevilla" title="Isidoro de Sevilla">Isidoro de Sevilla</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Idade_Antiga_e_Moderna">Idade Antiga e Moderna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Editar a sección: «Idade Antiga e Moderna»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Idade Antiga e Moderna"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:San_Isidoro_Biblioteca_Nacional_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/San_Isidoro_Biblioteca_Nacional_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg/170px-San_Isidoro_Biblioteca_Nacional_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/San_Isidoro_Biblioteca_Nacional_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg/255px-San_Isidoro_Biblioteca_Nacional_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/San_Isidoro_Biblioteca_Nacional_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg/340px-San_Isidoro_Biblioteca_Nacional_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2195" data-file-height="1557" /></a><figcaption>Estatua de <a href="/wiki/Isidoro_de_Sevilla" title="Isidoro de Sevilla">Isidoro de Sevilla</a> na escalinata de acceso a <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">Biblioteca Nacional de España</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Irakischer_Maler_von_1287_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Irakischer_Maler_von_1287_001.jpg/170px-Irakischer_Maler_von_1287_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Irakischer_Maler_von_1287_001.jpg/255px-Irakischer_Maler_von_1287_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Irakischer_Maler_von_1287_001.jpg/340px-Irakischer_Maler_von_1287_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="2102" /></a><figcaption>Manuscrito iluminado de 1287 que mostra os enciclopedistas musulmáns, os Irmáns da Pureza</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Yongle_Dadian_Encyclopedia_1403.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Yongle_Dadian_Encyclopedia_1403.jpg/170px-Yongle_Dadian_Encyclopedia_1403.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Yongle_Dadian_Encyclopedia_1403.jpg/255px-Yongle_Dadian_Encyclopedia_1403.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Yongle_Dadian_Encyclopedia_1403.jpg/340px-Yongle_Dadian_Encyclopedia_1403.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="575" /></a><figcaption>Enciclopedia chinesa <i>Yongle Dadian</i> (1403).</figcaption></figure> <p>Anos despois créaronse outras obras que eran recompliacións ou <a href="/wiki/Ep%C3%ADtome" title="Epítome">epítomes</a> de coñecementos xerais. Un dos repertorios máis temperáns e coñecidos, destinado a salvar os coñecementos esenciais da cultura grecolatina clásica é o titulado <i><a href="/wiki/Etymologiae" title="Etymologiae">Etymologiae</a></i> composto polo escritor visigodo <a href="/wiki/Isidoro_de_Sevilla" title="Isidoro de Sevilla">Isidoro de Sevilla</a> e redactado entre 627-630 a instancia do <a href="/wiki/Lista_dos_reis_visigodos" title="Lista dos reis visigodos">rei visigodo</a> <a href="/wiki/Sisebuto" title="Sisebuto">Sisebuto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> Outras obras deste período foron: </p> <ul><li>Século VI d. C. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brihat_Samhita&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Brihat Samhita (a páxina aínda non existe)">Bṛihat Saṃhitā</a></i>, enciclopedia india escrita en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_s%C3%A1nscrita" title="Lingua sánscrita">sánscrito</a> por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Varaja_Mijira&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Varaja Mijira (a páxina aínda non existe)">Varaja Mijira</a>.</li> <li>627-630, <i><a href="/wiki/Etymologiae" title="Etymologiae">Etymologiae</a></i> de San <a href="/wiki/Isidoro_de_Sevilla" title="Isidoro de Sevilla">Isidoro de Sevilla</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_VIII" title="Século VIII">Século VIII</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liber_glossarum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Liber glossarum (a páxina aínda non existe)">Liber glossarum</a></i> ou <i>Glosario de Ansileubo</i>, primeira enciclopedia latina en orden alfabético.</li> <li><i>c</i>. 990: <i><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%ADdas" title="Suídas">Suda</a></i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suidas_(lexic%C3%B3grafo)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Suidas (lexicógrafo) (a páxina aínda non existe)">Suidas</a>.</li> <li>Século X d. C. <i>Rasā’il Ijwān aṣ-Ṣafā’</i> ("Epístolas dos Irmáns da Pureza") enciclopedia en árabe escrita en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basora&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Basora (a páxina aínda non existe)">Basora</a>.</li> <li><i>c.</i> 1110: <i>Imago mundi</i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Honor%C3%A9_d%27Autun&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Honoré d&#39;Autun (a páxina aínda non existe)">Honoré d'Autun</a>.</li> <li>1120, <i>Liber Floridus</i> do cóengo Lamberto (Lambertus de Sancto Audomaro)</li> <li><i>c.</i> 1180: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hortus_deliciarum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hortus deliciarum (a páxina aínda non existe)">Hortus deliciarum</a></i>, de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herrada_de_Landsberg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Herrada de Landsberg (a páxina aínda non existe)">Herrada de Landsberg</a>.</li> <li>1231: <i>De universo creaturarum</i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guillermo_de_Auvernia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Guillermo de Auvernia (a páxina aínda non existe)">Guillermo de Auvernia</a>.</li> <li>1240: <i>De proprietatibus rerum</i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bartholomeus_Anglicus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bartholomeus Anglicus (a páxina aínda non existe)">Bartholomeus Anglicus</a>.</li> <li>1256: <i>Liber de natura rerum</i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_de_Cantimpr%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas de Cantimpré (a páxina aínda non existe)">Thomas de Cantimpré</a>, traducido ao neerlandés e ao alemán un século despois.</li> <li>12?? (<a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XIII" title="Século XIII">Século XIII</a>): <i><a href="/wiki/Speculum_Maius" title="Speculum Maius">Speculum Maius</a></i> de <a href="/wiki/Vincent_de_Beauvais" title="Vincent de Beauvais">Vincent de Beauvais</a>.</li> <li>1260-1267. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Livres_dou_Tr%C3%A9sor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Livres dou Trésor (a páxina aínda non existe)">Li Livres dou Trésor</a></i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brunetto_Latini&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Brunetto Latini (a páxina aínda non existe)">Brunetto Latini</a>, primeira enciclopedia medieval en romper co latín.</li> <li>1295. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbor_scientiae&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arbor scientiae (a páxina aínda non existe)">Arbor scientiae</a></i> de <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Llull" title="Ramon Llull">Ramon Llull</a>.</li> <li>Século xiii: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucidario&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucidario (a páxina aínda non existe)">Lucidario</a> de <a href="/wiki/Sancho_IV_de_Castela" title="Sancho IV de Castela">Sancho IV de Castela</a>.</li> <li>Comezos do século XV. <i>Fons memorabilium universi</i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Domenico_Bandini&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Domenico Bandini (a páxina aínda non existe)">Domenico Bandini</a>, primeira obra que utilizou un sistema de referencias cruzadas.</li> <li>1403-1407: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yongle_Dadian&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yongle Dadian (a páxina aínda non existe)">Yongle Dadian</a></i> (永樂大典) (durante a <a href="/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_Ming" title="Dinastía Ming">Dinastía Ming</a>).</li> <li>1435: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visi%C3%B3n_deleytable&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Visión deleytable (a páxina aínda non existe)">Visión deleytable</a></i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonso_de_la_Torre&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfonso de la Torre (a páxina aínda non existe)">Alfonso de la Torre</a>.</li> <li>1460: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invencionario&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Invencionario (a páxina aínda non existe)">Invencionario</a></i> de Alfonso de Toledo.</li> <li>1496: <i>Cornucopiae</i> de Niccolò Perotti, ampliadas por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polidoro_Virgili&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Polidoro Virgili (a páxina aínda non existe)">Polidoro Virgili</a>.</li> <li>1499: <i>De rerum inventoribus libri octo</i>, de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polidoro_Virgili&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Polidoro Virgili (a páxina aínda non existe)">Polidoro Virgili</a>. Moi ampliadas e reimpresas posteriormente.</li> <li>1501: <i>De expetendis et fugiendis rebus</i> de Giorgio Valla.</li> <li>1503. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyanthea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Polyanthea (a páxina aínda non existe)">Polyanthea</a></i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Domenico_Nani_Mirabelli&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Domenico Nani Mirabelli (a páxina aínda non existe)">Domenico Nani Mirabelli</a>, reelaborada e ampliada en máis de corenta edicións entre 1503 e 1681, cunha edición definitiva en 1735.</li> <li>1503. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aepitoma_Omnis_Philosophiae._Alias_Margarita_Phylosophica_tractans_de_omne_genera...&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aepitoma Omnis Philosophiae. Alias Margarita Phylosophica tractans de omne genera... (a páxina aínda non existe)">Aepitoma Omnis Philosophiae. Alias Margarita Phylosophica tractans de omne genera...</a></i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregor_Reisch&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregor Reisch (a páxina aínda non existe)">Gregor Reisch</a>. Foi a primeira enciclopedia impresa; tivo segunda edición ampliada en Estrasburgo: Johann Gruninger, 1504; ata 1599 realizáronse dez edicións.</li> <li>1503: <i>Officina</i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Tixier&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Tixier (a páxina aínda non existe)">Jean Tixier</a>.</li> <li>1506: <i>Commentariorum urbanorum libri XXXVIII</i> (Roma, 1506) de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raffaele_Maffei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raffaele Maffei (a páxina aínda non existe)">Raffaele Maffei</a>.</li> <li>1517. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedia_orbisque_doctrinarum,_hoc_est_omnium_artium,_scientiarum,_ipsius_philosophiae_index_ac_divisio&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopedia orbisque doctrinarum, hoc est omnium artium, scientiarum, ipsius philosophiae index ac divisio (a páxina aínda non existe)">Encyclopedia orbisque doctrinarum, hoc est omnium artium, scientiarum, ipsius philosophiae index ac divisio</a></i>, escrita por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Aventinus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Johannes Aventinus (a páxina aínda non existe)">Johannes Aventinus</a>, que foi a primeira obra titulada <i>Enciclopedia</i>.</li> <li>1519: <i>Cornucopiae, quo continentur loca diversis rebus abundantia secundum ordinem literatum</i>, París, 1519, por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Tixier&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Tixier (a páxina aínda non existe)">Jean Tixier</a>.</li> <li>1529: <i>Catalogus Gloriae Mundi</i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barth%C3%A9lemy_de_Chasseneuz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Barthélemy de Chasseneuz (a páxina aínda non existe)">Barthélemy de Chasseneuz</a>.</li> <li>1541: <i>Cyclopaedia</i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joachim_Sterck_van_Ringelbergh&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Joachim Sterck van Ringelbergh (a páxina aínda non existe)">Joachim Sterck van Ringelbergh</a>.</li> <li>1553: <i>Dictionarium historicum, geographicum et poeticum</i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Estienne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Estienne (a páxina aínda non existe)">Charles Estienne</a>.</li> <li>1559: <i>Encyclopaedia seu orbis disciplinarum tam sacrarum quam prophanarum epistemon</i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Scalich&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Scalich (a páxina aínda non existe)">Paul Scalich</a>.</li> <li>1565-1587: <i>Theatrum Humanae Vitae</i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodor_Zwinger&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodor Zwinger (a páxina aínda non existe)">Theodor Zwinger</a>.</li> <li>1572: <i>Officinae Ioannis Ravisii Textoris Epitome</i>, de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Tixier&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Tixier (a páxina aínda non existe)">Jean Tixier</a> e outros.</li> <li>1590: <i>Universae naturae theatrum</i>, de <a href="/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin">Jean Bodin</a>.</li> <li>1607: <i>Polyanthea Nova</i>, de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Lange&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Lange (a páxina aínda non existe)">Joseph Lange</a>.</li> <li>1620. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Instauratio_Magna&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Instauratio Magna (a páxina aínda non existe)">Instauratio Magna</a></i> (sen rematar) e <i><a href="/wiki/Novum_Organum" title="Novum Organum">Novum Organum</a></i> de <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(fil%C3%B3sofo)" title="Francis Bacon (filósofo)">Francis Bacon</a>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Alsted_Encyclopaedia_1630.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Alsted_Encyclopaedia_1630.jpg/170px-Alsted_Encyclopaedia_1630.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Alsted_Encyclopaedia_1630.jpg/255px-Alsted_Encyclopaedia_1630.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Alsted_Encyclopaedia_1630.jpg 2x" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="378" /></a><figcaption>Portada de la <i>Encyclopædia</i> de Johann Heinrich Alsted (Herborn, <a href="/wiki/1630" title="1630">1630</a>).</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1630: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopaedia_Cursus_Philosophici&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopaedia Cursus Philosophici (a páxina aínda non existe)">Encyclopaedia Cursus Philosophici</a></i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Heinrich_Alsted&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Heinrich Alsted (a páxina aínda non existe)">Johann Heinrich Alsted</a>.</li> <li>1643. <i>Pansophiae diatyposis</i> de <a href="/wiki/Comenius" title="Comenius">Comenius</a> (do pedagogo e humanista checo <a href="/wiki/Comenius" title="Comenius">Jan Amos Komenský</a>, 1592-1670)</li> <li>1653-1655: <i>Enciclopedia Magyar</i> de János Apáczai Csere.</li> <li>1668: <i>La science universelle</i> (4 vols.) de Charles Sorel.</li> <li>1669: <i>Ars magna sive sciendi Combinatorica</i> de <a href="/wiki/Athanasius_Kircher" title="Athanasius Kircher">Athanasius Kircher</a>.</li> <li>1678-1681. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praecognita_ad_Encyclopaediam_sive_Scientiam_universalem&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Praecognita ad Encyclopaediam sive Scientiam universalem (a páxina aínda non existe)">Praecognita ad Encyclopaediam sive Scientiam universalem</a></i> de <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz">Gottfried Leibniz</a>.</li> <li>1688-1708: <i>Polyhistor literarius, philosophicus, et practicus</i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Georg_Morhof&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Georg Morhof (a páxina aínda non existe)">Daniel Georg Morhof</a>.</li> <li>1697: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dictionnaire_Historique_et_Critique&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dictionnaire Historique et Critique (a páxina aínda non existe)">Dictionnaire Historique et Critique</a></i> de <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bayle" title="Pierre Bayle">Pierre Bayle</a>; segunda edición moi aumentada en 1702.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Idade_Contemporánea"><span id="Idade_Contempor.C3.A1nea"></span>Idade Contemporánea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Editar a sección: «Idade Contemporánea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Idade Contemporánea"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Encyclopedie_de_D%27Alembert_et_Diderot_-_Premiere_Page_-_ENC_1-NA5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Encyclopedie_de_D%27Alembert_et_Diderot_-_Premiere_Page_-_ENC_1-NA5.jpg/170px-Encyclopedie_de_D%27Alembert_et_Diderot_-_Premiere_Page_-_ENC_1-NA5.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Encyclopedie_de_D%27Alembert_et_Diderot_-_Premiere_Page_-_ENC_1-NA5.jpg/255px-Encyclopedie_de_D%27Alembert_et_Diderot_-_Premiere_Page_-_ENC_1-NA5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Encyclopedie_de_D%27Alembert_et_Diderot_-_Premiere_Page_-_ENC_1-NA5.jpg/340px-Encyclopedie_de_D%27Alembert_et_Diderot_-_Premiere_Page_-_ENC_1-NA5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3133" data-file-height="5120" /></a><figcaption>Portada do libro <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie">Encyclopédie</a></i> editado en 1773.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1702: Segunda edición, moi aumentada, do <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dictionnaire_Historique_et_Critique&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dictionnaire Historique et Critique (a páxina aínda non existe)">Dictionnaire Historique et Critique</a></i> de <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bayle" title="Pierre Bayle">Pierre Bayle</a>.</li> <li>1704-1771: <i>Dictionnaire universel</i> , máis coñecido como <i>Diccionario de Trévoux</i>, elaborado por xesuítas franceses.</li> <li>1704: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lexicon_technicum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lexicon technicum (a páxina aínda non existe)">Lexicon technicum</a></i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Harris&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Harris (a páxina aínda non existe)">John Harris</a>.</li> <li>1726: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gujin_tushu_jicheng&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gujin tushu jicheng (a páxina aínda non existe)">Gujin tushu jicheng</a></i> (古今圖書集成), dirixida por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen_Menglei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen Menglei (a páxina aínda non existe)">Chen Menglei</a> (陳夢雷) e por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiang_Tingxi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiang Tingxi (a páxina aínda non existe)">Jiang Tingxi</a> (蔣廷錫) (<a href="/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_Qing" title="Dinastía Qing">Dinastía Qing</a>).</li> <li>1728: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclopaedia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyclopaedia (a páxina aínda non existe)">Cyclopaedia</a></i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ephraim_Chambers&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ephraim Chambers (a páxina aínda non existe)">Ephraim Chambers</a>.</li> <li>1751-1772: La <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie">Encyclopédie</a></i> dirixida por <a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Denis Diderot</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jean_Le_Rond_d%27Alembert" title="Jean Le Rond d&#39;Alembert">Jean Le Rond d'Alembert</a>. Obra cume da <a href="/wiki/Ilustraci%C3%B3n" title="Ilustración">Ilustración</a>, o seu propósito foi reunir e difundir en prosa clara e accesible, os froitos do coñecemento e do saber acumulados ata entón baixo a crítica e baruto da <a href="/wiki/Raz%C3%B3n" title="Razón">razón</a>. Ademais, expón a ideoloxía <a href="/wiki/Laicismo" title="Laicismo">laicista</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pragmatismo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pragmatismo (a páxina aínda non existe)">pragmática</a> e <a href="/wiki/Materialismo" title="Materialismo">materialista</a> da Ilustración <a href="/wiki/Burgues%C3%ADa" title="Burguesía">burguesa</a> . Contén 72 000 artigos de máis de 140 colaboradores, entre eles <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89tienne_Bonnot_de_Condillac&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Étienne Bonnot de Condillac (a páxina aínda non existe)">Condillac</a>, o barón de <a href="/wiki/Paul_Henri_Thiry_d%27Holbach" title="Paul Henri Thiry d&#39;Holbach">Holbach</a> ou <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_Robert_Jacques_Turgot&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne Robert Jacques Turgot (a páxina aínda non existe)">Turgot</a>, por citar algúns.</li> <li>1753: Tradución ampliada o castelán por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Miravel_y_Herrera&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="José Antonio Miravel y Herrera (a páxina aínda non existe)">José Antonio Miravel y Herrera</a> de <i>Grand Dictionnaire historique, ou mélange curieux de l'histoire sacrée et profane</i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Mor%C3%A9ri&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Moréri (a páxina aínda non existe)">Louis Moréri</a> , en dez volumes.</li> <li>1768-1771: <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, publicada orixinalmente por Adam e Charles Black. Reimprimiose en papel até o ano 2012; as edicións máis famosas foron a novena (1875-1889) e a undécima (1911) pola súa erudición e estilo literario. A última edición, décimo quinta (2010), divídese en 3 partes: unha <i>Micropædia</i> de 12 volumes de artigos curtos (menos de 750 palabras), unha <i>Macropædia</i> de 17 volumes de artigos longos (entre 2 e 310 páxinas) e unha <i>Propædia</i> nun só volume que ofrece un esquema xerárquico do coñecemento humano.</li> <li>1770-1776: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A9die,_ou_Dictionnaire_universel_raisonn%C3%A9_des_connaissances_humaines&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopédie, ou Dictionnaire universel raisonné des connaissances humaines (a páxina aínda non existe)">Encyclopédie, ou Dictionnaire universel raisonné des connaissances humaines</a></i> . 42 volumes e 6 suplementos. Yverdon 1770-1776, tamén chamada <i>Enciclopedia de Yverdon</i>, por Fortunato Felice.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dende_o_século_XVIII"><span id="Dende_o_s.C3.A9culo_XVIII"></span>Dende o século XVIII</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Editar a sección: «Dende o século XVIII»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Dende o século XVIII"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O maior fito do período da Ilustración do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XVIII" title="Século XVIII">século XVIII</a> é a Encyclopédie ou <i>Dictionnaire raisonné des Sciences, des Arts et des métiers</i>, compilada por un grupo de escritores e homes de ciencia de <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a>. De maneira plenamente consciente, estes homes estaban dando as costas tanto á <a href="/wiki/Relixi%C3%B3n" title="Relixión">relixión</a> como á <a href="/wiki/Metaf%C3%ADsica" title="Metafísica">metafísica</a> vendo na ciencia pura unha nova forza motriz intelectual. </p><p>Reuniron nunha vasta obra tódolos coñecementos científicos da época, non como un mero rexistro alfabético, senón como un relato do modo científico de enfrontárense co mundo. Neste sentido, é especialmente interesante o seu <i>Discours préliminaire des editeurs</i> no que se enmarca o coñecemento humano en tres facultades: Historia, Filosofía e Belas Artes, recoñecendo as dificultades da clasificación das ciencias que se viñan desenvolvendo dende o século XVII. </p><p>Estes escritores desexaban forxar un poderoso instrumento para a loita contra o escurantismo das autoridades políticas e relixiosas. A maioría das figuras culturais e científicas da época colaboraron nesa empresa. Entre elas destacan <a href="/wiki/Jean_Le_Rond_d%27Alembert" title="Jean Le Rond d&#39;Alembert">D'Alembert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Diderot</a> e <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a>. </p><p> Entre 1768 e 1771, Adam e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Black&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Black (a páxina aínda non existe)">Charles Black</a> publicaron a <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, que se reimprimiu en papel ata a versión informática con correccións e ampliacións. As edicións máis célebres foron a novena (1875-1889) e a undécima (1911) pola súa erudición e estilo literario. A décimo quinta edición divídese en tres partes: unha <i>Micropædia</i> de 12 volumes con artigos curtos de menos de 750 palabras, unha <i>Macropædia</i> de 17 volumes con artigos longos (entre 2 e 310 páxinas) e unha <i>Propædia</i>, nun só volume, que ofrece un esquema xerárquico do coñecemento humano.</p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Gran_Enciclopedia_Galega_na_Biblioteca_de_Galicia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Gran_Enciclopedia_Galega_na_Biblioteca_de_Galicia.jpg/400px-Gran_Enciclopedia_Galega_na_Biblioteca_de_Galicia.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Gran_Enciclopedia_Galega_na_Biblioteca_de_Galicia.jpg/600px-Gran_Enciclopedia_Galega_na_Biblioteca_de_Galicia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Gran_Enciclopedia_Galega_na_Biblioteca_de_Galicia.jpg/800px-Gran_Enciclopedia_Galega_na_Biblioteca_de_Galicia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2607" data-file-height="1244" /></a><figcaption>Varios exemplares da GEG ocupan as baldas da <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_de_Galicia" title="Biblioteca de Galicia">Biblioteca de Galicia</a>.</figcaption></figure><p>No século XXI pasouse á incorporación de contidos en almacenamentos dixitais. O <a href="/wiki/Proxecto_Gutenberg" title="Proxecto Gutenberg">proxecto Gutenberg</a> deu pulo á recompilación de datos antigos. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enciclopedias_galegas">Enciclopedias galegas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Editar a sección: «Enciclopedias galegas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Enciclopedias galegas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hai varias enciclopedias galegas.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> De temática galega, a <i><a href="/wiki/Gran_Enciclopedia_Galega_Silverio_Ca%C3%B1ada" title="Gran Enciclopedia Galega Silverio Cañada">Gran Enciclopedia Gallega Silverio Cañada</a></i> do ano 1974 de corenta e tres tomos, en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_castel%C3%A1" title="Lingua castelá">lingua castelá</a> e a <i><a href="/wiki/Gran_Enciclopedia_Galega_Silverio_Ca%C3%B1ada" title="Gran Enciclopedia Galega Silverio Cañada">Gran Enciclopedia Galega Silverio Cañada</a></i> do ano <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a> en papel e tamén en <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a>, en galego. </p><p>De temática universal, consultables en liña e editadas en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_galega" title="Lingua galega">galego</a> son outras dúas. A <i><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Galega_Universal" title="Enciclopedia Galega Universal">Enciclopedia Galega Universal</a></i> da editorial <a href="/wiki/Ir_Indo" title="Ir Indo">Ir Indo</a> que tamén dispón de versión en papel de 16 tomos (1999-2002). E desde 2003 a <i><a href="/wiki/Galipedia" title="Galipedia">Galipedia</a></i>, a versión en galego da <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, de acceso libre. </p><p>Hai que mencionar, tamén, o <i><a href="/wiki/Diccionario_enciclop%C3%A9dico_galego_universal" title="Diccionario enciclopédico galego universal">Diccionario enciclopédico galego universal</a></i> (2003-2004) de sesenta volumes de <i><a href="/wiki/La_Voz_de_Galicia" title="La Voz de Galicia">La Voz de Galicia</a></i> (feito por Ir Indo) e a <i><a href="/wiki/Diciopedia_do_s%C3%A9culo_21" title="Diciopedia do século 21">Diciopedia do século 21</a></i> de tres tomos, editada no ano 2006 conxuntamente por <a href="/wiki/Edici%C3%B3ns_do_Cumio" title="Edicións do Cumio">Edicións do Cumio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Editorial_Galaxia" title="Editorial Galaxia">Editorial Galaxia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Edici%C3%B3s_do_Castro" title="Ediciós do Castro">Ediciós do Castro</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notas">Notas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Editar a sección: «Notas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Notas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070803182506/http://library.rcc.edu/riverside/glossaryoflibraryterms.htm#e">"Encyclopedia."</a>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.rcc.edu/riverside/glossaryoflibraryterms.htm#e">o orixinal</a> o 03 de agosto de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 11 de xullo de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia.&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.rcc.edu%2Friverside%2Fglossaryoflibraryterms.htm%23e&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> Glossary of Library Terms. Riverside City College, Digital Library/Learning Resource Center. Consultado o 17 de novembro de 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DOLencyclopedia-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DOLencyclopedia_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DOLencyclopedia_2-1">2,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hartmann, R. R. K.; James, Gregory; James, Gregory (1998). Routledge, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=49NZ12icE-QC&amp;pg=PA49&amp;dq=%22encyclopedic+dictionary%22%2Bencyclopedia&amp;q=%22encyclopedic%20dictionary%22%2Bencyclopedia"><i>Dictionary of Lexicography</i></a>. p.&#160;48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0-415-14143-5" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0-415-14143-5">0-415-14143-5</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 27 de xullo de 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.au=James%2C+Gregory&amp;rft.au=James%2C+Gregory&amp;rft.aufirst=R.+R.+K.&amp;rft.aulast=Hartmann&amp;rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Lexicography&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-415-14143-5&amp;rft.pages=48&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D49NZ12icE-QC%26pg%3DPA49%26dq%3D%2522encyclopedic%2Bdictionary%2522%252Bencyclopedia%26q%3D%2522encyclopedic%2520dictionary%2522%252Bencyclopedia&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bejoint-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bejoint_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Béjoint, Henri (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DJ8gwtomUpMC&amp;lpg=PA30&amp;dq=lexicography%20translated%20encyclopedia%20dictionary&amp;pg=PA30"><i>Modern Lexicography</i></a>, pp. 30–31. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0198299516" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-829951-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-EB_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Encyclopædia Britannica (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/186603/encyclopaedia">"Encyclopaedia"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 27 de xullo de 2010</span>. <q>An English lexicographer, H.W. Fowler, wrote in the preface to the first edition (1911) of <i>The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English language</i> that a dictionary is concerned with the uses of words and phrases and with giving information about the things for which they stand only so far as current use of the words depends upon knowledge of those things. The emphasis in an encyclopedia is much more on the nature of the things for which the words and phrases stand.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F186603%2Fencyclopaedia&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DOLei-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DOLei_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hartmann, R. R. K.; Gregory, James (1998). Routledge, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=49NZ12icE-QC&amp;pg=PA49&amp;dq=%22encyclopedic+dictionary%22%2Bencyclopedia&amp;q=%22encyclopedic%20dictionary%22%2Bencyclopedia"><i>Dictionary of Lexicography</i></a>. p.&#160;49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0-415-14143-5" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0-415-14143-5">0-415-14143-5</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 27 de xullo de 2010</span>. <q>In contrast with linguistic information, encyclopedia material is more concerned with the description of objective realities than the words or phrases that refer to them. In practice, however, there is no hard and fast boundary between factual and lexical knowledge.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.au=Gregory%2C+James&amp;rft.aufirst=R.+R.+K.&amp;rft.aulast=Hartmann&amp;rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Lexicography&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-415-14143-5&amp;rft.pages=49&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D49NZ12icE-QC%26pg%3DPA49%26dq%3D%2522encyclopedic%2Bdictionary%2522%252Bencyclopedia%26q%3D%2522encyclopedic%2520dictionary%2522%252Bencyclopedia&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OHEL22-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-OHEL22_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Cowie, Anthony Paul (2009). Oxford University Press, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=nhnVF9Or_wMC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;q"><i>The Oxford History of English Lexicography, Volume I</i></a>. p.&#160;22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0-415-14143-5" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0-415-14143-5">0-415-14143-5</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 17 de agosto de 2010</span>. <q>An 'encyclopedia' (encyclopaedia) usually gives more information than a dictionary; it explains not only the words but also the things and concepts referred to by the words.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.aufirst=Anthony+Paul&amp;rft.aulast=Cowie&amp;rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+English+Lexicography%2C+Volume+I&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-415-14143-5&amp;rft.pages=22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DnhnVF9Or_wMC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26q&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hunter, Dan; Lobato, Ramon; Richardson, Megan; Thomas, Julian (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kUNpPa-P8BYC&amp;dq=The+appearance+of+digital+and+open-source+versions+in+the+21st+century,+such+as+Wikipedia&amp;pg=PA138"><i>Amateur Media: Social, Cultural and Legal Perspectives</i></a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-415-78265-4" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-415-78265-4">978-0-415-78265-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.au=Lobato%2C+Ramon&amp;rft.au=Richardson%2C+Megan&amp;rft.au=Thomas%2C+Julian&amp;rft.aufirst=Dan&amp;rft.aulast=Hunter&amp;rft.btitle=Amateur+Media%3A+Social%2C+Cultural+and+Legal+Perspectives&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-78265-4&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkUNpPa-P8BYC%26dq%3DThe%2Bappearance%2Bof%2Bdigital%2Band%2Bopen-source%2Bversions%2Bin%2Bthe%2B21st%2Bcentury%2C%2Bsuch%2Bas%2BWikipedia%26pg%3DPA138&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2007.01.0060%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D10%3Asection%3D1">Ἐγκύκλιος παιδεία</a>, Quintilian, <i>Institutio Oratoria</i>, 1.10.1, al Projecte Perseus </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3De%29gku%2Fklios">ἐγκύκλιος</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek–English Lexicon</i>, al Projecte Perseus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dpaidei%2Fa">παιδεία</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek–English Lexicon</i>, al Projecte Perseus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">The Free Dictionary, ed. (19 agosto 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/encyclopedia">"American Heritage Dictionary"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.btitle=American+Heritage+Dictionary&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreedictionary.com%2Fencyclopedia&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Franklin-Brown, Mary (2012). <i>Reading the world&#160;: encyclopedic writing in the scholastic age</i>. Chicago Londres: The University of Chicago Press. p.&#160;8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9780226260709" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9780226260709">9780226260709</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.aufirst=Mary&amp;rft.aulast=Franklin-Brown&amp;rft.btitle=Reading+the+world+%3A+encyclopedic+writing+in+the+scholastic+age&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9780226260709&amp;rft.pages=8&amp;rft.place=Chicago+Londres&amp;rft.pub=The+University+of+Chicago+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">König, Jason (2013). <i>Encyclopaedism from antiquity to the Renaissance</i>. Nova York: Cambridge University Press. p.&#160;1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-1-107-03823-3" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-1-107-03823-3">978-1-107-03823-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.aufirst=Jason&amp;rft.aulast=K%C3%B6nig&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopaedism+from+antiquity+to+the+Renaissance&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-107-03823-3&amp;rft.pages=1&amp;rft.place=Nova+York&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHarris-McCoy2008" class="citation thesis">Harris-McCoy, Daniel (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/304510158"><i>Varieties of encyclopedism in the early Roman Empire: Vitruvius, Pliny the Elder, Artemidorus</i></a> (Ph.D). University of Pennsylvania. p.&#160;12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 30 de xuño do 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.aufirst=Daniel&amp;rft.aulast=Harris-McCoy&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.inst=University+of+Pennsylvania&amp;rft.title=Varieties+of+encyclopedism+in+the+early+Roman+Empire%3A+Vitruvius%2C+Pliny+the+Elder%2C+Artemidorus&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F304510158&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris-McCoy200811-12-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris-McCoy200811-12_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarris-McCoy2008">Harris-McCoy 2008</a>, p.&#160;11-12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation conference">Roest, Bert (1997). "Compilation as Theme and Praxis in Franciscan Universal Chronicles". En Peter Binkley. <i>Pre-Modern Encyclopaedic Texts: Proceedings of the Second Comers Congress, Groningen, 1 – 4 de xullo de 1996</i>. BRILL. p.&#160;213. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/90-04-10830-0" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/90-04-10830-0">90-04-10830-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.atitle=Compilation+as+Theme+and+Praxis+in+Franciscan+Universal+Chronicles&amp;rft.aufirst=Bert&amp;rft.aulast=Roest&amp;rft.btitle=Pre-Modern+Encyclopaedic+Texts%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Second+Comers+Congress%2C+Groningen%2C+1+%93+4+de+xullo+de+1996&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.genre=conference&amp;rft.isbn=90-04-10830-0&amp;rft.pages=213&amp;rft.pub=BRILL&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Carey, Sorcha (2003). "Two Strategies of Encyclopaedism". <i>Pliny's Catalogue of Culture: Art and Empire in the Natural History</i>. Oxford University Press. p.&#160;17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-19-925913-7" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-19-925913-7">978-0-19-925913-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.atitle=Two+Strategies+of+Encyclopaedism&amp;rft.aufirst=Sorcha&amp;rft.aulast=Carey&amp;rft.btitle=Pliny%27s+Catalogue+of+Culture%3A+Art+and+Empire+in+the+Natural+History&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-925913-7&amp;rft.pages=17&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gozalbes Cravioto, Enrique (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.pe/books?id=cL14XX16moIC&amp;pg=PA222"><i>Caput celtiberiae: la tierra de Cuenca en las fuentes clásicas</i></a>. Univ de Castilla La Mancha.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.aufirst=Enrique&amp;rft.aulast=Gozalbes+Cravioto&amp;rft.btitle=Caput+celtiberiae%3A+la+tierra+de+Cuenca+en+las+fuentes+cl%C3%A1sicas&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pub=Univ+de+Castilla+La+Mancha&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.pe%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcL14XX16moIC%26pg%3DPA222&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111128141905/http://tesis.ula.ve/pregrado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=882">"Enciclopedia y Diccionario diferencias, las enciclopedias en Internet: ventajas de una enciclopedia en impresos y la web"</a>. Biblioteca Digital de Trabajos Especiales de Grado. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tesis.ula.ve/pregrado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=882">o orixinal</a> o 28-11-2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 4-12-2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.btitle=Enciclopedia+y+Diccionario+diferencias%2C+las+enciclopedias+en+Internet%3A+ventajas+de+una+enciclopedia+en+impresos+y+la+web&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Biblioteca+Digital+de+Trabajos+Especiales+de+Grado&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftesis.ula.ve%2Fpregrado%2Ftde_busca%2Farquivo.php%3FcodArquivo%3D882&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Xes%C3%BAs_Ferro_Ruibal" title="Xesús Ferro Ruibal">Ferro Ruibal, Xesús</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crtvg.es/tvg/a-carta/capitulo-397-de-ben-falado-gran-enciclopedia-galega">capítulo 397</a> de <i><a href="/wiki/Ben_falado!" title="Ben falado!">Ben falado!</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_de_Galicia" title="Televisión de Galicia">Televisión de Galicia</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Véxase_tamén"><span id="V.C3.A9xase_tam.C3.A9n"></span>Véxase tamén</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Editar a sección: «Véxase tamén»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Véxase tamén"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portada_galega" class="extiw" title="commons:Portada galega">Commons</a> ten máis contidos multimedia sobre:&#8201;&#8201;<i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Encyclopedias" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Encyclopedias">Enciclopedias</a></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografía"><span id="Bibliograf.C3.ADa"></span>Bibliografía</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Editar a sección: «Bibliografía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Bibliografía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Association Pierre Larousse (2007). Éditions universitaires de Dijon, ed. <i>Pierre Larousse et la pédagogie</i>. Écritures. EUD.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.au=Association+Pierre+Larousse&amp;rft.btitle=Pierre+Larousse+et+la+p%C3%A9dagogie&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.series=%C3%89critures&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Bertho-Lavenir, Catherine (1992). Bertho-Lavenir, ed. <i>Le livre monde</i>. París: Flammarion-Bibliothèque nationale. Livre monde.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.aufirst=Catherine&amp;rft.aulast=Bertho-Lavenir&amp;rft.btitle=Le+livre+monde&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.place=Par%C3s&amp;rft.pub=Flammarion-Biblioth%C3%A8que+nationale&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_Blair&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ann Blair (a páxina aínda non existe)">Blair, Ann M.</a> (2010). <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>, ed. <i>Too much to know</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. Managing Scholarly Information before the Modern Age. New Haven. p.&#160;397. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-300-16539-5" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-300-16539-5">978-0-300-16539-5</a>. Blair 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.aufirst=Ann+M.&amp;rft.aulast=Blair&amp;rft.btitle=Too+much+to+know&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-300-16539-5&amp;rft.pages=397&amp;rft.place=New+Haven&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Blasselle, Bruno (1998). <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Gallimard" title="Éditions Gallimard">Gallimard</a>, ed. <i>Histoire du livre</i>. <i>Histoire</i>. <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9couvertes_Gallimard" title="Découvertes Gallimard">Découvertes Gallimard</a>. Volume II. Le triomphe de l'édition (París). p.&#160;158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-2-07-053364-0" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-2-07-053364-0">978-2-07-053364-0</a>. Blasselle.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.aufirst=Bruno&amp;rft.aulast=Blasselle&amp;rft.btitle=Histoire+du+livre&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-07-053364-0&amp;rft.pages=158&amp;rft.place=Par%C3s&amp;rft.series=D%C3%A9couvertes+Gallimard&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Luis_Borges" title="Jorge Luis Borges">Borges, Jorge Luis</a> (1993). <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Gallimard" title="Éditions Gallimard">Gallimard</a>, ed. <i>Œuvres complètes</i>. Bibliothèque de la Pléiade. tome I, édition établie par Jean-Pierre Bernès. París. p.&#160;1752. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-2-07-011261-6" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-2-07-011261-6">978-2-07-011261-6</a>. Borges.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.aufirst=Jorge+Luis&amp;rft.aulast=Borges&amp;rft.btitle=%C5%92uvres+compl%C3%A8tes&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-07-011261-6&amp;rft.pages=1752&amp;rft.place=Par%C3s&amp;rft.series=Biblioth%C3%A8que+de+la+Pl%C3%A9iade&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Claude_Boulanger_(linguiste)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Claude Boulanger (linguiste) (a páxina aínda non existe)">Boulanger, Jean-Claude</a> (2003). Presses de l'Université d'Ottawa, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3a9goKPG6jgC&amp;printsec=frontcover"><i>Les inventeurs de dictionnaires</i></a>. De l'eduba des scribes mésopotamiens au scriptorium des moines médiévaux. Ottawa. p.&#160;545. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-2-7603-0548-9" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-2-7603-0548-9">978-2-7603-0548-9</a>. Boulanger.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.aufirst=Jean-Claude&amp;rft.aulast=Boulanger&amp;rft.btitle=Les+inventeurs+de+dictionnaires&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-7603-0548-9&amp;rft.pages=545&amp;rft.place=Ottawa&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3a9goKPG6jgC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Burke, Peter (2000). Polity, ed. <i>A social history of knowledge</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. From Gutenberg to Diderot. Cambridge (U.K.). p.&#160;268. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-7456-2484-6" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-7456-2484-6">978-0-7456-2484-6</a>. Burke.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft.aulast=Burke&amp;rft.btitle=A+social+history+of+knowledge&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7456-2484-6&amp;rft.pages=268&amp;rft.place=Cambridge+%28U.K.%29&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">de Callataÿ, Godefroid; van den Abeele, Baudouin (2008). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brepols&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Brepols (a páxina aínda non existe)">Brepols</a>, ed. <i>Une lumière venue d'ailleurs</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_francesa" title="Lingua francesa">francés</a>)</span>. Héritages et ouvertures dans les encyclopédies d'Orient et d'Occident au Moyen Âge. Louvain-la-Neuve. p.&#160;296. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-2-503-53073-4" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-2-503-53073-4">978-2-503-53073-4</a>. Callataÿ.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.au=van+den+Abeele%2C+Baudouin&amp;rft.aufirst=Godefroid&amp;rft.aulast=de+Callata%C3%BF&amp;rft.btitle=Une+lumi%C3%A8re+venue+d%27ailleurs&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-503-53073-4&amp;rft.pages=296&amp;rft.place=Louvain-la-Neuve&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Cassagnes-Brouquet, Sophie (2003). <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89dilarge&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Édilarge (a páxina aínda non existe)">Éditions Ouest-France</a>, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lapassiondulivre0000cass"><i>La passion du livre au Moyen Âge</i></a>. Rennes. pp.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lapassiondulivre0000cass/page/126">126</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-2-7373-3018-6" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-2-7373-3018-6">978-2-7373-3018-6</a>. Cassagnes.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.aufirst=Sophie&amp;rft.aulast=Cassagnes-Brouquet&amp;rft.btitle=La+passion+du+livre+au+Moyen+%C3%82ge&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-7373-3018-6&amp;rft.pages=126&amp;rft.place=Rennes&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flapassiondulivre0000cass&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Collison, Robert Lewis (1964). Hafner, ed. <i>Encyclopædias&#160;: their history throughout the ages</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. a bibliographical guide with extensive historical notes to the general encyclopædias issued throughout the world from 350 B.C. to the present day. Nova York. Collison.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert+Lewis&amp;rft.aulast=Collison&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dias+%3A+their+history+throughout+the+ages&amp;rft.date=1964&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.place=Nova+York&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Darnton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Darnton (a páxina aínda non existe)">Darnton, Robert</a> (1982). <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89ditions_Perrin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Éditions Perrin (a páxina aínda non existe)">Librairie Académique Perrin</a>, ed. <i>L’aventure de l’Encyclopédie</i> &#91;<i>inglés</i>&#93; <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. Un best-seller au siècle des Lumières. París. p.&#160;445. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/2-262-00242-8" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/2-262-00242-8">2-262-00242-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert&amp;rft.aulast=Darnton&amp;rft.btitle=L%99aventure+de+l%99Encyclop%C3%A9die&amp;rft.date=1982&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=2-262-00242-8&amp;rft.pages=445&amp;rft.place=Par%C3s&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Daumas_(chimiste)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Daumas (chimiste) (a páxina aínda non existe)">Daumas, Maurice</a> (1957). Daumas, ed. <i>Histoire de la science</i>. Encyclopédie de la Pléiade. París: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Gallimard" title="Éditions Gallimard">Gallimard</a>. Daumas.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.aufirst=Maurice&amp;rft.aulast=Daumas&amp;rft.btitle=Histoire+de+la+science&amp;rft.date=1957&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.place=Par%C3s&amp;rft.pub=Gallimard&amp;rft.series=Encyclop%C3%A9die+de+la+Pl%C3%A9iade&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Eco, Umberto</a> (2010). <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89ditions_Grasset&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Éditions Grasset (a páxina aínda non existe)">Grasset</a>, ed. <i>De l'arbre au labyrinthe</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_italiana" title="Lingua italiana">italiano</a>)</span>. [études historiques sur le signe et l'interprétation]. París. p.&#160;712. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-2-246-74851-9" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-2-246-74851-9">978-2-246-74851-9</a>. Eco.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.aufirst=Umberto&amp;rft.aulast=Eco&amp;rft.btitle=De+l%27arbre+au+labyrinthe&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-246-74851-9&amp;rft.pages=712&amp;rft.place=Par%C3s&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Einbinder, Harvey (1964). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grove_Press&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Grove Press (a páxina aínda non existe)">Grove Press</a>, ed. <i>The Myth of the Britannica</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. Nova York. p.&#160;268. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-7456-2484-6" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-7456-2484-6">978-0-7456-2484-6</a>. Einbinder.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.aufirst=Harvey&amp;rft.aulast=Einbinder&amp;rft.btitle=The+Myth+of+the+Britannica&amp;rft.date=1964&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7456-2484-6&amp;rft.pages=268&amp;rft.place=Nova+York&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucien_Febvre&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucien Febvre (a páxina aínda non existe)">Febvre, Lucien</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri-Jean_Martin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri-Jean Martin (a páxina aínda non existe)">Martin, Henri-Jean</a> (1958). <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89ditions_Albin_Michel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Éditions Albin Michel (a páxina aínda non existe)">Albin Michel</a>, ed. <i>L’apparition du livre</i>. 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Asami.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.au=Asami%2C+Rintaro&amp;rft.aufirst=Zhaoying&amp;rft.aulast=Fang&amp;rft.btitle=The+Asami+Library&amp;rft.date=1969&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.place=Berkeley&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niall_Ferguson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Niall Ferguson (a páxina aínda non existe)">Ferguson, Niall</a> (2011). <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>, ed. <i>Civilization</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. The West and the Rest. Nova York. p.&#160;402. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-14-312206-7" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-14-312206-7">978-0-14-312206-7</a>. Ferguson.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.aufirst=Niall&amp;rft.aulast=Ferguson&amp;rft.btitle=Civilization&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-14-312206-7&amp;rft.pages=402&amp;rft.place=Nova+York&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Josep_Fontana" title="Josep Fontana">Fontana, Josep</a> (2011). Pasado &amp; Presente, ed. <i>Por el bien del imperio</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_castel%C3%A1" title="Lingua castelá">castelán</a>)</span>. Una historia del mundo desde 1945. Barcelone. p.&#160;1230. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-84-939143-4-9" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-84-939143-4-9">978-84-939143-4-9</a>. Fontana.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.aufirst=Josep&amp;rft.aulast=Fontana&amp;rft.btitle=Por+el+bien+del+imperio&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-84-939143-4-9&amp;rft.pages=1230&amp;rft.place=Barcelone&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9rard_Genette&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gérard Genette (a páxina aínda non existe)">Genette, Gérard</a> (1987). Éditions du Seuil, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/seuils0000gene"><i>Seuils</i></a>. Essais. París. 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G.</a> (1938). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150207214953/https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/w/wells/hg/world_brain/"><i>World Brain</i></a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. Londres: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Methuen_Publishing&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Methuen Publishing (a páxina aínda non existe)">Methuen</a>. Wells. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/w/wells/hg/world_brain/">o orixinal</a> o 07 de febreiro de 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 19 de novembro de 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.aufirst=H.+G.&amp;rft.aulast=Wells&amp;rft.btitle=World+Brain&amp;rft.date=1938&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.place=Londres&amp;rft.pub=Methuen&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Febooks.adelaide.edu.au%2Fw%2Fwells%2Fhg%2Fworld_brain%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Wilkinson, Endymion (2000). <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=ERnrQq0bsPYC&amp;printsec=frontcover"><i>Chinese History</i></a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. A Manual. Cambridge (Mass.). p.&#160;1181. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-674-00249-4" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-674-00249-4">978-0-674-00249-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.aufirst=Endymion&amp;rft.aulast=Wilkinson&amp;rft.btitle=Chinese+History&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-674-00249-4&amp;rft.pages=1181&amp;rft.place=Cambridge+%28Mass.%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.fr%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DERnrQq0bsPYC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Woodside, Alexander (1971). <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, ed. <i>Vietnam and the Chinese Model</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. A Comparative Study of Vietnamese and Chinese Civil Government in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge (Mass.). Woodside.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.aufirst=Alexander&amp;rft.aulast=Woodside&amp;rft.btitle=Vietnam+and+the+Chinese+Model&amp;rft.date=1971&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.place=Cambridge+%28Mass.%29&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Yeo, Richard (2001). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8bJYm1N8bqgC&amp;printsec=frontcover"><i>Encyclopædic Visions</i></a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. Cambridge (U.K.). p.&#160;336. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-521-65191-2" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-521-65191-2">978-0-521-65191-2</a>. Yeo.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AEnciclopedia&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard&amp;rft.aulast=Yeo&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dic+Visions&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-65191-2&amp;rft.pages=336&amp;rft.place=Cambridge+%28U.K.%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8bJYm1N8bqgC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outros_artigos">Outros artigos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Editar a sección: «Outros artigos»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Editar o código 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