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Auriculotemporal nerve - Wikipedia

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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Branch of the mandibular nerve</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:lemonchiffon">Auriculotemporal nerve</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray843.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Gray843.png/250px-Gray843.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Gray843.png/375px-Gray843.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Gray843.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="559" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Sympathetic connections of the otic and superior cervical ganglia. (Auriculotemporal labeled at top right.)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray778.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Gray778.png/250px-Gray778.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Gray778.png/375px-Gray778.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Gray778.png/500px-Gray778.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="578" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Distribution of the <a href="/wiki/Maxillary_nerve" title="Maxillary nerve">maxillary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mandibular_nerve" title="Mandibular nerve">mandibular nerves</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Submaxillary_ganglion" class="mw-redirect" title="Submaxillary ganglion">submaxillary ganglion</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">From</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mandibular_nerve" title="Mandibular nerve">Mandibular nerve</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Innervates</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Temple_(anatomy)" title="Temple (anatomy)">Temple</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>nervus auriculotemporalis</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/14.2.01.074%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A14.2.01.074</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=6261">6261</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&amp;conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma53000">53000</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_neuroanatomy" title="Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy">Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">&#91;<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q587430" class="extiw" title="d:Q587430">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>auriculotemporal nerve</b> is a sensory branch of the <a href="/wiki/Mandibular_nerve" title="Mandibular nerve">mandibular nerve</a> (CN V<sub>3</sub>) that runs with the <a href="/wiki/Superficial_temporal_artery" title="Superficial temporal artery">superficial temporal artery</a> and vein, and provides sensory innervation to parts of the external ear, scalp, and <a href="/wiki/Temporomandibular_joint" title="Temporomandibular joint">temporomandibular joint</a>. The nerve also conveys post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibres from the <a href="/wiki/Otic_ganglion" title="Otic ganglion">otic ganglion</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Parotid_gland" title="Parotid gland">parotid gland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auriculotemporal_nerve&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin">Origin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auriculotemporal_nerve&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The auriculotemporal nerve arises from the posterior division of<b><sup id="cite_ref-:022_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></b><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 497">&#58;&#8202;497&#8202;</span></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Mandibular_nerve" title="Mandibular nerve">mandibular nerve (CN V<sub>3</sub>)</a> (which is itself a branch of the <a href="/wiki/Trigeminal_nerve" title="Trigeminal nerve">trigeminal nerve (CN V)</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It arises by two roots<b><sup id="cite_ref-:022_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></b><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 497">&#58;&#8202;497&#8202;</span></sup> that circle around either side of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_meningeal_artery" title="Middle meningeal artery">middle meningeal artery</a><sup id="cite_ref-:02_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><b><sup id="cite_ref-:022_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></b><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 363">&#58;&#8202;363&#8202;</span></sup> before uniting to form a single nerve.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Course">Course</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auriculotemporal_nerve&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Course"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Roots of the auriculotemporal nerve circle around both sides of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_meningeal_artery" title="Middle meningeal artery">middle meningeal artery</a> before uniting to form a single nerve. The nerve passes deep to the neck of the mandible<sup id="cite_ref-:02_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> - between it and the <a href="/wiki/Sphenomandibular_ligament" title="Sphenomandibular ligament">sphenomandibular ligament</a><b><sup id="cite_ref-:022_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></b><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 364">&#58;&#8202;364&#8202;</span></sup> - andthen courses deep to the <a href="/wiki/Lateral_pterygoid_muscle" title="Lateral pterygoid muscle">lateral pterygoid muscle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It issues parotid branches and then turns superiorly, posterior to its head and moving anteriorly, gives off anterior branches to the <a href="/wiki/Ear" title="Ear">auricle</a>. It then crosses over the root of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, deep to the <a href="/wiki/Superficial_temporal_artery" title="Superficial temporal artery">superficial temporal artery</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> Shortly after the secretomotor parasympathetic fibers branch from the auriculotemporal nerve (parotid branches) to innervate the parotid gland, the auriculotemporal nerve comprises exclusively somatosensory fibers. It ascends to reach the superficial temporal region and innervate its target structures.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>The auriculotemporal nerve communicates with the <a href="/wiki/Facial_nerve" title="Facial nerve">facial nerve (CN VII)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parasympathetic_component">Parasympathetic component</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auriculotemporal_nerve&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Parasympathetic component"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Post-ganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor nerve fibres from the otic ganglion join and "hitch-hike" along the auriculotemporal nerve, leaving the nerve as it passes across the anteromedial surface of the parotid gland to enter and innervate said gland.<b><sup id="cite_ref-:022_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></b><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 359–360">&#58;&#8202;359–360&#8202;</span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distribution">Distribution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auriculotemporal_nerve&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The auriculotemporal nerve provides sensory innervation to the auricle, <a href="/wiki/External_acoustic_meatus" class="mw-redirect" title="External acoustic meatus">external acoustic meatus</a>, outer side of the <a href="/wiki/Tympanic_membrane" class="mw-redirect" title="Tympanic membrane">tympanic membrane</a> and the skin in the temporal region (superficial temporal branches). It also carries a few articular branches that innervate the <a href="/wiki/Temporomandibular_joint" title="Temporomandibular joint">temporomandibular joint</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auriculotemporal_nerve&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This nerve, as it courses posteriorly to the condylar head, is frequently injured in <a href="/wiki/Temporomandibular_joint" title="Temporomandibular joint">temporomandibular joint</a> (TMJ) surgery, causing an ipsilateral <a href="/wiki/Paresthesia" title="Paresthesia">paresthesia</a> of the auricle and skin surrounding the ear. It is the main nerve that supplies the TMJ, along with branches of the masseteric nerve and the deep temporal. </p><p>After a parotidectomy, the nerves from the Auriculotemporal Nerve that previously innervated the parotid gland can reattach to the sweat glands in the same region. The result is sweating along the cheek with the consumption of foods (<a href="/wiki/Frey%27s_syndrome" title="Frey&#39;s syndrome">Frey's syndrome</a>). Treatment involves the application of an antiperspirant or glycopyrrolate to the cheek, Jacobsen's neurectomy along the middle ear promontory, and lifting of the skin flap with the placement of a tissue barrier (harvested or cadaveric) to interrupt the misguided innervation of the sweat glands. </p><p>Pain from <a href="/wiki/Parotitis" title="Parotitis">parotitis</a>, a condition that can be caused by <a href="/wiki/Mumps" title="Mumps">mumps</a>, will be carried by the auriculotemporal nerve and <a href="/wiki/Great_auricular_nerve" title="Great auricular nerve">great auricular nerve</a> to the brain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auriculotemporal_nerve&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superficial_temporal_artery" title="Superficial temporal artery">Superficial temporal artery</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_images">Additional images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auriculotemporal_nerve&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Additional images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray178.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Mandible of human embryo 24&#160;mm. long. Outer aspect."><img alt="Mandible of human embryo 24&#160;mm. long. Outer aspect." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Gray178.png/120px-Gray178.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Gray178.png/180px-Gray178.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Gray178.png/240px-Gray178.png 2x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="196" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mandible of human embryo 24&#160;mm. long. Outer aspect.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auriculotemporal_nerve&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:02-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFehrenbachHerring2017" class="citation book cs1">Fehrenbach, Margaret J.; Herring, Susan W. (2017). <i>Illustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck</i> (5th&#160;ed.). St. Louis: Elsevier. p.&#160;189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-323-39634-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-323-39634-9"><bdi>978-0-323-39634-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Illustrated+Anatomy+of+the+Head+and+Neck&amp;rft.place=St.+Louis&amp;rft.pages=189&amp;rft.edition=5th&amp;rft.pub=Elsevier&amp;rft.date=2017&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-323-39634-9&amp;rft.aulast=Fehrenbach&amp;rft.aufirst=Margaret+J.&amp;rft.au=Herring%2C+Susan+W.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuriculotemporal+nerve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:022-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:022_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:022_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:022_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:022_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:022_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinnatamby2011" class="citation book cs1">Sinnatamby, Chummy S. (2011). <i>Last's Anatomy</i> (12th&#160;ed.). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7295-3752-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7295-3752-0"><bdi>978-0-7295-3752-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Last%27s+Anatomy&amp;rft.edition=12th&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7295-3752-0&amp;rft.aulast=Sinnatamby&amp;rft.aufirst=Chummy+S.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuriculotemporal+nerve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoran2009" class="citation book cs1">Moran, Steven L. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780721605197000162">"16 - Temporoparietal fascia flap"</a>. <i>Flaps and Reconstructive Surgery - Section 2</i>. <a href="/wiki/Saunders_(imprint)" title="Saunders (imprint)">Saunders</a>. pp.&#160;157–173. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-0-7216-0519-7.00016-2">10.1016/B978-0-7216-0519-7.00016-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7216-0519-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7216-0519-7"><bdi>978-0-7216-0519-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=16+-+Temporoparietal+fascia+flap&amp;rft.btitle=Flaps+and+Reconstructive+Surgery+-+Section+2&amp;rft.pages=157-173&amp;rft.pub=Saunders&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-0-7216-0519-7.00016-2&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7216-0519-7&amp;rft.aulast=Moran&amp;rft.aufirst=Steven+L.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB9780721605197000162&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuriculotemporal+nerve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auriculotemporal_nerve&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100101010101/http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/figs/l27/270304.htm">Anatomy figure: 27:03-04</a> at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Illustration of the nerves within the <a href="/wiki/Infratemporal_fossa" title="Infratemporal fossa">infratemporal fossa</a> after removal of the <a href="/wiki/Lateral_pterygoid_muscle" title="Lateral pterygoid muscle">lateral pterygoid muscle</a>."</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyola_University_Chicago" title="Loyola University Chicago">MedEd at Loyola</a> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meddean.luc.edu/Lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cnb3.htm">GrossAnatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cnb3.htm</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wesnorman.com/lesson4.htm">lesson4</a> at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wesnorman.com/Images/mandibularnerve.jpg">mandibularnerve</a></i>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wesnorman.com/cranialnerves.htm">cranialnerves</a> at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wesnorman.com/Images/V.jpg">V</a></i>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/figures/chapter_47/47-2.HTM">http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/figures/chapter_47/47-2.HTM</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180303181327/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/figures/chapter_47/47-2.HTM">Archived</a> 2018-03-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Trigeminal_nerve" title="Template:Trigeminal nerve"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Trigeminal_nerve" title="Template talk:Trigeminal nerve"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trigeminal_nerve" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Trigeminal nerve"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_trigeminal_nerve" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/Trigeminal_nerve" title="Trigeminal nerve">trigeminal nerve</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmic_nerve" title="Ophthalmic nerve">ophthalmic</a> (V1)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Frontal_nerve" title="Frontal nerve">frontal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supratrochlear_nerve" title="Supratrochlear nerve">supratrochlear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supraorbital_nerve" title="Supraorbital nerve">supraorbital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nasociliary_nerve" title="Nasociliary nerve">nasociliary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_ciliary_nerves" title="Long ciliary nerves">long ciliary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infratrochlear_nerve" title="Infratrochlear nerve">infratrochlear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_ethmoidal_nerve" title="Posterior ethmoidal nerve">posterior ethmoidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_ethmoidal_nerve" title="Anterior ethmoidal nerve">anterior ethmoidal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/External_nasal_nerve" title="External nasal nerve">external nasal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensory_root_of_ciliary_ganglion" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensory root of ciliary ganglion">sensory root of ciliary ganglion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciliary_ganglion" title="Ciliary ganglion">ciliary ganglion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lacrimal_nerve" title="Lacrimal nerve">lacrimal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maxillary_nerve" title="Maxillary nerve">maxillary</a> (V2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">in <a href="/wiki/Middle_cranial_fossa" title="Middle cranial fossa">middle cranial fossa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_meningeal_nerve" title="Middle meningeal nerve">middle meningeal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">in <a href="/wiki/Pterygopalatine_fossa" title="Pterygopalatine fossa">pterygopalatine fossa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zygomatic_nerve" title="Zygomatic nerve">zygomatic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zygomaticotemporal_nerve" title="Zygomaticotemporal nerve">zygomaticotemporal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygomaticofacial_nerve" title="Zygomaticofacial nerve">zygomaticofacial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infraorbital_nerve" title="Infraorbital nerve">infraorbital</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_superior_alveolar_nerve" title="Posterior superior alveolar nerve">posterior superior alveolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_superior_alveolar_nerve" title="Middle superior alveolar nerve">middle superior alveolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_superior_alveolar_nerve" title="Anterior superior alveolar nerve">anterior superior alveolar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mandibular_nerve" title="Mandibular nerve">mandibular</a> (V3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">in <a href="/wiki/Middle_cranial_fossa" title="Middle cranial fossa">middle cranial fossa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meningeal_branch_of_the_mandibular_nerve" title="Meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve">meningeal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">anterior division</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Muscles_of_mastication" title="Muscles of mastication">to muscles of mastication</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medial_pterygoid_nerve" title="Medial pterygoid nerve">medial pterygoid</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nerve_to_tensor_veli_palatini" title="Nerve to tensor veli palatini">to tensor veli palatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_pterygoid_nerve" title="Lateral pterygoid nerve">lateral pterygoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masseteric_nerve" title="Masseteric nerve">masseteric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_temporal_nerves" title="Deep temporal nerves">deep temporal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccal_nerve" title="Buccal nerve">buccal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">posterior division</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">auriculotemporal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otic_ganglion" title="Otic ganglion">otic ganglion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingual_nerve" title="Lingual nerve">lingual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Submandibular_ganglion" title="Submandibular ganglion">submandibular ganglion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_alveolar_nerve" title="Inferior alveolar nerve">inferior alveolar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mylohyoid_nerve" title="Mylohyoid nerve">mylohyoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_nerve" title="Mental nerve">mental</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q587430#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" 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