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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B8%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86)" title="ويكيبيديا:ملحوظية (أكاديميون) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويكيبيديا:ملحوظية (أكاديميون)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipediya:Ensiklopedik_%C9%99h%C9%99miyy%C9%99tlilik_(elm_xadiml%C9%99ri)" title="Vikipediya:Ensiklopedik əhəmiyyətlilik (elm xadimləri) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vikipediya:Ensiklopedik əhəmiyyətlilik (elm xadimləri)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE_(%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC)" title="উইকিপিডিয়া:উল্লেখযোগ্যতা (উচ্চশিক্ষায়তনিক ব্যক্তিত্ব) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইকিপিডিয়া:উল্লেখযোগ্যতা (উচ্চশিক্ষায়তনিক ব্যক্তিত্ব)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Уикипедия:Значимост по академичен признак – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уикипедия:Значимост по академичен признак" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Relevanzkriterien#Wissenschaftler" title="Wikipedia:Relevanzkriterien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wikipedia:Relevanzkriterien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1:%CE%95%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1_(%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF)" title="Βικιπαίδεια:Εγκυκλοπαιδικότητα (πανεπιστημιακοί) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βικιπαίδεια:Εγκυκλοπαιδικότητα (πανεπιστημιακοί)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_(%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="ویکی‌پدیا:سرشناسی (دانشگاهیان) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویکی‌پدیا:سرشناسی (دانشگاهیان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C_%EB%93%B1%EC%9E%AC_%EA%B8%B0%EC%A4%80_(%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90)" title="위키백과:문서 등재 기준 (학자) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위키백과:문서 등재 기준 (학자)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Markver%C3%B0ugleiki_(fr%C3%A6%C3%B0imenn)" title="Wikipedia:Markverðugleiki (fræðimenn) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Wikipedia:Markverðugleiki (fræðimenn)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4-%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ശ്രദ്ധേയത-അക്കാഡമിക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ശ്രദ്ധേയത-അക്കാഡമിക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinget/Arkiv/2011-44" title="Wikipedia:Tinget/Arkiv/2011-44 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wikipedia:Tinget/Arkiv/2011-44" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE:%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88_(%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D)" title="விக்கிப்பீடியா:குறிப்பிடத்தக்கமை (கல்வியாளர்கள்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விக்கிப்பீடியா:குறிப்பிடத்தக்கமை (கல்வியாளர்கள்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedi:Kayda_de%C4%9Ferlik_(akademisyenler)" title="Vikipedi:Kayda değerlik (akademisyenler) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vikipedi:Kayda değerlik (akademisyenler)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%C4%90%E1%BB%99_n%E1%BB%95i_b%E1%BA%ADt_(h%E1%BB%8Dc_gi%E1%BA%A3)" title="Wikipedia:Độ nổi bật (học giả) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Wikipedia:Độ nổi bật (học giả)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%97%9C%E6%B3%A8%E5%BA%A6_(%E5%AD%B8%E8%80%85)" title="Wikipedia:關注度 (學者) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Wikipedia:關注度 (學者)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia guideline on notability of academics</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:ACADEMIC" redirects here. For advice for academic editors, see <a href="/wiki/Help:Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Academic">Help:Academic</a>. For a list of academic studies of Wikipedia, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Academic_studies_of_Wikipedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Academic studies of Wikipedia">Wikipedia:Academic studies of Wikipedia</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:TEACHER" redirects here. For advice on running a student project within Wikipedia, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Student_assignments" title="Wikipedia:Student assignments">Wikipedia:Student assignments</a>. For the humour page, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Teachers_can_be_vandals_too" title="Wikipedia:Teachers can be vandals too">Wikipedia:Teachers can be vandals too</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:SCHOLAR" redirects here. For advice on evaluating sources produced by scholars, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SCHOLARSHIP" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SCHOLARSHIP">WP:SCHOLARSHIP</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Deletion_sorting" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Deletion sorting">Deletion Sorting Project</a> has a list of deletion of articles related to academics and educators at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Deletion_sorting/Academics_and_educators" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Deletion sorting/Academics and educators">Wikipedia:WikiProject Deletion sorting/Academics and educators</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Blue tick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/30px-Blue_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/45px-Blue_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/60px-Blue_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>This page documents an English Wikipedia <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_notability_guidelines" title="Category:Wikipedia notability guidelines">notability guideline</a>.</b><br/><div style="font-size: 90%;">Editors should generally follow it, though <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">exceptions</a> may apply. Substantive edits to this page should reflect <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PGCHANGE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PGCHANGE">consensus</a>. When in doubt, discuss first on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Notability_(academics)" title="Wikipedia talk:Notability (academics)">this guideline's talk page</a>.</div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:PROF"></span><span id="WP:NPROF"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:PROF&redirect=no">WP:PROF</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:NPROF&redirect=no">WP:NPROF</a></span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238436933"><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice nutshell" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/30px-Walnut.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/45px-Walnut.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/60px-Walnut.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>This page in a nutshell:</b> <div><ul><li>Subjects of biographical articles on Wikipedia are required to be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:N" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:N">notable</a>; that is significant, interesting, or unusual enough to be worthy of notice, as evidenced by being the subject of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SIGCOV" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SIGCOV">significant coverage</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:INDEPENDENT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:INDEPENDENT">independent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RS">reliable</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SECONDARY" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SECONDARY">secondary</a> sources.</li><li>Many scientists, researchers, philosophers, and other scholars (collectively referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic">academics</a>" for convenience) are notably influential in the world of ideas without their biographies being <b>the subject</b> of secondary sources.</li><li>Having published work does not, in itself, make an academic notable, no matter how many publications there are. Notability depends on the impact the work has had on the field of study. This notability guideline specifies criteria for judging the notability of an academic through reliable sources for the impact of their work.</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .help-box{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-heading{background:#082849}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks help-box noprint plainlist" style="clear:right;width:200px;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability" title="Wikipedia:Notability">Notability</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability#General_notability_guideline" title="Wikipedia:Notability">General notability guideline</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability#Subject-specific_notability_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Notability">Subject-specific guidelines</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Academics</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(astronomical_objects)" title="Wikipedia:Notability (astronomical objects)">Astronomical objects</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(books)" title="Wikipedia:Notability (books)">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(events)" title="Wikipedia:Notability (events)">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(films)" title="Wikipedia:Notability (films)">Films</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(geographic_features)" title="Wikipedia:Notability (geographic features)">Geographic features</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(music)" title="Wikipedia:Notability (music)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(numbers)" title="Wikipedia:Notability (numbers)">Numbers</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(organizations_and_companies)" title="Wikipedia:Notability (organizations and companies)">Organizations and companies</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)" title="Wikipedia:Notability (people)">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(species)" title="Wikipedia:Notability (species)">Species</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(sports)" title="Wikipedia:Notability (sports)">Sports and athletes</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(web)" title="Wikipedia:Notability (web)">Web content</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> See also</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Essay_directory#Notability" title="Wikipedia:Essay directory">Notability essays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Guide to deletion">Guide to deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Common_outcomes" title="Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Common outcomes">Common deletion outcomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Why_was_the_page_I_created_deleted%3F" title="Wikipedia:Why was the page I created deleted?">Why was my article deleted?</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Notability_sidebar" title="Template:Notability sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Notability_sidebar" title="Template talk:Notability sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Notability_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Notability sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This guideline reflects consensus about the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability" title="Wikipedia:Notability">notability</a> of <a href="/wiki/Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic">academics</a> (people, not academic subjects) as measured by their academic achievements. An academic is someone engaged in scholarly research or <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a>; academic notability refers to being <i>known for such engagement.</i> </p> <ul><li>Many academics have been faculty members (such as <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professors</a>) at colleges or universities. Also, many academics have held research positions at academic research institutes (such as <a href="/wiki/NIH" class="mw-redirect" title="NIH">NIH</a>, <a href="/wiki/CNRS" class="mw-redirect" title="CNRS">CNRS</a>, etc.). However, academics <i>may also work outside academia</i> and their primary job <i>does not</i> need to be academic if they are known for their academic achievements. Conversely, if they are notable for their primary job, they do not need to be notable academics to warrant an article.</li> <li>School teachers at the <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">secondary education</a> level, sometimes also called professors, are not presumed to be academics. They may only be considered academics for the purposes of this guideline if they are engaged in substantial scholarly research and are known for such research. If not, they are evaluated by the usual rules for notability in their profession.</li> <li>See <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professor</a> for more information about <a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_ranks" title="List of academic ranks">academic ranks</a> and their meanings. Note that academic ranks are different in different countries.</li></ul> <p>This guideline is <i>independent</i> from the other subject-specific notability guidelines, such as <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:BIO" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:BIO">WP:BIO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:MUSIC" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:MUSIC">WP:MUSIC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUTH" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUTH">WP:AUTH</a>, etc., and is explicitly listed as an alternative to the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GNG" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:GNG">general notability guideline</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is possible for an academic not to be notable under the provisions of this guideline but to be notable in some other way under the general notability guideline or one of the other subject-specific notability guidelines. Conversely, failure to meet either the general notability guideline or other subject-specific notability guidelines is irrelevant if an academic is notable under this guideline. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Criteria" data-mw-thread-id="h-Criteria"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Criteria"></span>Criteria<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Criteria"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Notability_(academics)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Criteria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:NACADEMIC"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:NACADEMIC&redirect=no">WP:NACADEMIC</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Academics meeting <i>any <b>one</b></i> of the following conditions, as substantiated through <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a>, are notable. Academics meeting none of these conditions <i>may</i> still be notable if they meet the conditions of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:BIO" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:BIO">WP:BIO</a> or other notability criteria. The merits of an article on the academic will depend largely on the extent to which it is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifiable</a>. <b>Before applying these criteria, see the General notes and Specific criteria notes sections, which follow.</b> </p> <ol><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="The_person's_research_has_had_a_significant_impact_in_their_scholarly_discipline,_broadly_construed,_as_demonstrated_by_independent_reliable_sources."></span><span id="1"></span><span class="vanchor-text">The person's research has had a significant impact in their scholarly discipline, broadly construed, as demonstrated by independent reliable sources.</span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="The_person_has_received_a_highly_prestigious_academic_award_or_honor_at_a_national_or_international_level."></span><span id="2"></span><span class="vanchor-text">The person has received a highly prestigious academic award or honor at a national or international level.</span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="The_person_has_been_an_elected_member_of_a_highly_selective_and_prestigious_scholarly_society_or_association_(e.g.,_a_[[National_Academy_of_Sciences_(disambiguation)|National_Academy_of_Sciences]]_or_the_[[Royal_Society]])_or_a_[[fellow]]_of_a_major_scholarly_society_which_reserves_fellow_status_as_a_highly_selective_honor_(e.g.,_[[Fellow_of_the_Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers]]_or_Honorary_Fellow_of_the_[[Institute_of_Physics]])."></span><span id="3"></span><span class="vanchor-text">The person has been an elected member of a highly selective and prestigious scholarly society or association (e.g., a <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="National Academy of Sciences (disambiguation)">National Academy of Sciences</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>) or a <a href="/wiki/Fellow" title="Fellow">fellow</a> of a major scholarly society which reserves fellow status as a highly selective honor (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</a> or Honorary Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Physics" title="Institute of Physics">Institute of Physics</a>).</span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="The_person's_academic_work_has_made_a_significant_impact_in_the_area_of_[[higher_education]],_affecting_a_substantial_number_of_academic_institutions."></span><span id="4"></span><span class="vanchor-text">The person's academic work has made a significant impact in the area of <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a>, affecting a substantial number of academic institutions.</span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="The_person_has_held_a_[[distinguished_professor]]_appointment_at_a_major_institution_of_higher_education_and_research,_a_[[named_chair]]_appointment_that_indicates_a_comparable_level_of_achievement,_or_an_equivalent_position_in_countries_where_named_chairs_are_uncommon."></span><span id="5"></span><span class="vanchor-text">The person has held a <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_professor" title="Distinguished professor">distinguished professor</a> appointment at a major institution of higher education and research, a <a href="/wiki/Named_chair" class="mw-redirect" title="Named chair">named chair</a> appointment that indicates a comparable level of achievement, or an equivalent position in countries where named chairs are uncommon.</span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="The_person_has_held_a_highest-level_elected_or_appointed_administrative_post_at_a_major_academic_institution_or_major_academic_society."></span><span id="6"></span><span class="vanchor-text">The person has held a highest-level elected or appointed administrative post at a major academic institution or major academic society.</span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="The_person_has_had_a_substantial_impact_outside_academia_in_their_academic_capacity."></span><span id="7"></span><span class="vanchor-text">The person has had a substantial impact outside academia in their academic capacity.</span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="The_person_has_been_the_head_or_chief_editor_of_a_major,_well-established_academic_journal_in_their_subject_area."></span><span id="8"></span><span class="vanchor-text">The person has been the head or chief editor of a major, well-established academic journal in their subject area.</span></span></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="General_notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-General_notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-General_notes"></span>General notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-General_notes"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Notability_(academics)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: General notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>An article's assertion that the subject passes this guideline is not sufficient. Every topic on Wikipedia must have sources that comply with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Wikipedia:Verifiability</a>. Major awards must be confirmed, claims of impact must be substantiated by independent statements, reviews, <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Citation_metrics">citation metrics</a>, or library holdings, and so on.</li> <li>Once the passage of one or more notability criteria has been verified through independent sources, or through the reliable sources listed explicitly for this purpose in the <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Specific_criteria_notes">specific criteria notes</a>, non-independent sources, such as official institutional and professional sources, are widely accepted as reliable sourcing for routine, uncontroversial details.</li> <li>The criteria above are sometimes summed up as an "Average Professor Test": When judged against the average impact of a researcher in a given field, does this researcher stand out as clearly more notable or more accomplished?</li> <li>Note that this is a <b>guideline</b> and not a <b>rule</b>; exceptions may exist. Some academics may not meet any of these criteria, but may still be notable for their academic work. It is very difficult to make clear requirements in terms of number/quality of publications. The criteria, in practice, vary greatly by field and are determined by precedent and consensus. Also, this guideline sets the bar fairly low, which is natural; to a degree, academics live in the public arena, trying to influence others with their ideas. It is natural that successful ones should be considered notable.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Specific_criteria_notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Specific_criteria_notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Specific_criteria_notes"></span>Specific criteria notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Specific_criteria_notes"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Notability_(academics)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Specific criteria notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>1. <span class="anchor" id="C1"></span>The person's research has made significant impact in their scholarly discipline, broadly construed, as demonstrated by independent reliable sources.</b> <i>See also</i> notes to Criterion 2, some of which apply to Criterion 1 as well. </p> <ol type="a"> <li>The most typical way of satisfying Criterion 1 is to show that the academic has been an author of <i><a href="#Citation_metrics">highly cited</a></i> academic work – either several extremely highly cited scholarly publications or a substantial number of scholarly publications with significant citation rates. Reviews of the person's work, published in selective academic publications, can be considered together with ordinary citations here. Differences in typical citation and publication rates and in publication conventions between different academic disciplines should be taken into account. <ul><li>To count towards satisfying Criterion 1, citations need to occur in peer-reviewed scholarly publications such as journals or academic books.</li> <li>In some disciplines there are review publications that review virtually all <a href="/wiki/Academic_journal#Scholarly_articles" title="Academic journal">refereed publications</a> in that discipline. For example, in mathematics, <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Reviews" title="Mathematical Reviews">Mathematical Reviews</a>, also known as <a href="/wiki/MathSciNet" title="MathSciNet">MathSciNet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zentralblatt_MATH" class="mw-redirect" title="Zentralblatt MATH">Zentralblatt MATH</a> fall into that category. The mere fact that an article or a book is reviewed in such a publication does not serve towards satisfying Criterion 1. However, the content of the review and any evaluative comments made there may be used for that purpose.</li> <li>Generally, more experimental and applied subjects tend to have higher publication and citation rates than more theoretical ones. Publication and citation rates in humanities are generally lower than in sciences. Also, in sciences, most new original research is published in journals and conference proceedings whereas in humanities book publications tend to play a larger role (and are harder to count without access to offline libraries). The meaning of "substantial number of publications" and "high citation rates" is to be interpreted in line with the interpretations used by major research institutions in determining the qualifications for the awarding of tenure.</li></ul> </li> <li>Criterion 1 can also be satisfied if the person has pioneered or developed a significant new concept, technique or idea, made a significant discovery or solved a major problem in their academic discipline. In this case it is necessary to explicitly demonstrate, by a substantial number of references to academic publications of researchers other than the person in question, that this contribution is indeed widely considered to be significant and is widely attributed to the person in question.</li> <li>The publication of an anniversary or memorial journal volume or a <a href="/wiki/Festschrift" title="Festschrift">Festschrift</a> dedicated to a particular person is usually enough to satisfy Criterion 1, except in the case of publication in vanity, fringe, or non-selective journals or presses.</li> <li>There are other considerations that may be used as contributing factors (usually not sufficient individually) towards satisfying Criterion 1: significant academic awards and honors (see below); service on editorial boards of scholarly publications; publications in especially prestigious and selective academic journals; publication of collected works; special conferences dedicated to honor academic achievements of a particular person; naming of academic awards or lecture series after a particular person; and others.</li> <li>For the purposes of partially satisfying Criterion 1, significant academic awards and honors may include, for example: major academic awards (they would also automatically satisfy Criterion 2), highly selective fellowships (other than postdoctoral fellowships); invited lectures at meetings of national or international scholarly societies, where giving such an invited lecture is considered considerably more prestigious than giving an invited lecture at typical national and international conferences in that discipline; named lectures or named lecture series; awards by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:N" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:N">notable</a> academic and scholarly societies; honorary degrees; and others. Ordinary colloquia and seminar talks and invited lectures at scholarly conferences, standard research grants, named post-doctoral fellowships, visiting appointments, or internal university awards are insufficient for this purpose.</li> <li>For the purposes of satisfying Criterion 1, the academic discipline of the person in question needs to be <i>sufficiently broadly construed</i>. Major disciplines, such as physics, mathematics, history, political science, or their significant subdisciplines (e.g., particle physics, algebraic geometry, medieval history, fluid mechanics, cancer genetics are valid examples). Overly narrow and highly specialized categories should be avoided. Arguing that someone is an expert in an extremely narrow area of study is, in and of itself, not necessarily sufficient to satisfy Criterion 1, except for the actual leaders in those subjects.</li> <li>Simply having authored a large number of published academic works <i>is not considered sufficient to satisfy Criterion 1.</i></li> <li>Having an object (asteroid, process, manuscript, etc.) named after the subject is not in itself indicative of satisfying Criterion 1.</li> <li>Having a small <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_distance" class="mw-redirect" title="Collaboration distance">collaboration distance</a> from a famous or notable academic (e.g., having a small <a href="/wiki/Erd%C5%91s_number" title="Erdős number">Erdős number</a>) is not, in and of itself, indicative of satisfying Criterion 1.</li> </ol> <p><b>2. <span class="anchor" id="C2"></span>The person has received a highly prestigious academic award or honor at a national or international level. </b> </p> <ol type="a"> <li>For the purposes of Criterion 2, <i>major</i> academic awards, such as the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Fellowship" class="mw-redirect" title="MacArthur Fellowship">MacArthur Fellowship</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">Fields Medal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bancroft_Prize" title="Bancroft Prize">Bancroft Prize</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_History" title="Pulitzer Prize for History">Pulitzer Prize for History</a>, etc., <i>always</i> qualify under Criterion 2. Some less significant academic honors and awards that confer a high level of academic prestige can also be used to satisfy Criterion 2. Examples may include certain awards, honors and prizes of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:N" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:N">notable</a> academic societies, of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:N" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:N">notable</a> foundations and trusts (e.g., the <a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_Fellowship" title="Guggenheim Fellowship">Guggenheim Fellowship</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linguapax_Prize" title="Linguapax Prize">Linguapax Prize</a>), etc. Significant academic awards and honors can also be used to partially satisfy Criterion 1 (see item 4 above in this section).</li> <li>For documenting that a person has won a specific award (but not for a judgement of whether or not that award is prestigious), publications of the awarding institution are considered a reliable source.</li> <li>Victories in academic student competitions at the high school and university level as well as other awards and honors for academic student achievements (at either high school, undergraduate or graduate level) do not qualify under Criterion 2 and do not count towards partially satisfying Criterion 1.</li> <li>Biographical listings in and awards from <a href="/wiki/Vanity_press" title="Vanity press">vanity press</a> publishers, such as the <a href="/wiki/American_Biographical_Institute" title="American Biographical Institute">American Biographical Institute</a>, or from publications incorporating a substantial vanity press element in their business model, such as <a href="/wiki/Marquis_Who%27s_Who" title="Marquis Who's Who">Marquis Who's Who</a>, do not qualify for satisfying Criterion 2 or for partially satisfying Criterion 1.</li> </ol> <p><b>3. <span class="anchor" id="C3"></span>The person has been an elected member of a highly selective and prestigious scholarly society or association (e.g., a <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="National Academy of Sciences (disambiguation)">National Academy of Sciences</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>) or a <a href="/wiki/Fellow" title="Fellow">Fellow</a> of a major scholarly society for which that is a highly selective honor (e.g., the <a href="/wiki/IEEE" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE">IEEE</a>). </b> </p> <ol type="a"> <li>For the purposes of Criterion 3, elected memberships in minor and non-notable societies are insufficient (most newly formed societies fall into that category).</li> <li>For documenting that a person has been elected member or fellow (but not for a judgement of whether or not that membership/fellowship is prestigious), publications of the electing institution are considered a reliable source.</li> </ol> <p><b>4. <span class="anchor" id="C4"></span>The person's academic work has made a significant impact in the area of <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a>, affecting a substantial number of academic institutions.</b> </p> <ol type="a"> <li>Criterion 4 may be satisfied, for example, if the person has authored several books that are widely used as textbooks (or as a basis for a course) at multiple institutions of higher education.</li> </ol> <p><b>5. <span class="anchor" id="C5"></span>The person has held a distinguished professor appointment at a major institution of higher education and research, a named chair appointment that indicates a comparable level of achievement, or an equivalent position in countries where named chairs are uncommon.</b> </p> <ol type="a"> <li>For documenting that a person has held such an appointment (but not for a judgement of whether or not the institution is a major one), publications of the appointing institution are considered a reliable source.</li> <li>Criterion 5 can be applied reliably only for persons who are tenured at the full professor level, and not for junior faculty members with endowed appointments.</li> <li>Major institutions, for these purposes, are those that have a reputation for excellence or selectivity. Named chairs at other institutions are not necessarily sufficient to establish notability.</li> </ol> <p><b>6. <span class="anchor" id="C6"></span>The person has held a highest-level elected or appointed administrative post at a major academic institution or major academic society.</b> </p> <ol type="a"> <li>For documenting that a person has held such a post (but not for a judgement of whether or not the institution or society is a major one), publications of the institution where the post is held are considered a reliable source.</li> <li>Criterion 6 may be satisfied, for example, if the person has held the post of president or chancellor (or vice-chancellor in countries where this is the top academic post) of a significant <a href="/wiki/Educational_accreditation" title="Educational accreditation">accredited</a> college or university, director of a highly regarded, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:N" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:N">notable</a> academic independent research institute or center (which is not a part of a university), president of a notable national or international scholarly society, etc.</li> <li>Lesser administrative posts (provost, dean, department chair, etc.) are generally not sufficient to qualify under Criterion 6 alone, although exceptions are possible on a case-by-case basis (e.g., being a provost of a major university may sometimes qualify). Generally, appointment as an acting president/chancellor/vice-chancellor also is not generally sufficient to qualify under Criterion 6 alone. </li> <li>Heads of institutes and centers devoted to promoting <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-science" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo-science">pseudo-science</a> and marginal or fringe theories are generally not covered by Criterion 6; they may still be notable under other criteria of this guideline or under the general <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:BIO" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:BIO">WP:BIO</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:N" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:N">WP:N</a> guidelines.</li> </ol> <p><b>7. <span class="anchor" id="C7"></span>The person has made substantial impact outside academia in their academic capacity.</b> </p> <ol type="a"> <li>Criterion 7 may be satisfied, for example, if the person is frequently quoted in conventional media as an academic expert in a particular area. A small number of quotations, especially in local news media, is not unexpected for academics and so falls short of this mark.</li> <li>Criterion 7 may also be satisfied if the person has authored widely popular general audience books on academic subjects provided the author is widely regarded inside academia as a well-established academic expert and provided the books deal with that expert's field of study. Books on <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-science" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo-science">pseudo-science</a> and marginal or fringe scientific theories are generally not covered by this criterion; their authors may still be notable under other criteria of this guideline or under the general <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:BIO" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:BIO">WP:BIO</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:N" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:N">WP:N</a> guidelines.</li> <li>Patents, commercial and financial applications are generally not indicative of satisfying Criterion 7.</li> </ol> <p><b>8. <span class="anchor" id="C8"></span>The person has been head or chief editor of a major well-established <a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">academic journal</a> in their subject area.</b> </p> <ol type="a"> <li>For documenting that a person has held such a position (but not for a judgement of whether or not the journal is a major well-established one), publications of the journal or its publishers are considered a reliable source.</li> <li>Journals dedicated to promoting <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-science" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo-science">pseudo-science</a> and marginal or fringe theories are generally not covered by Criterion 8. However, their head editor may still be notable under other criteria of this guideline or under the general <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:BIO" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:BIO">WP:BIO</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:N" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:N">WP:N</a> guidelines.</li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Citation_metrics" data-mw-thread-id="h-Citation_metrics"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Citation_metrics"></span>Citation metrics<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Citation_metrics"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Notability_(academics)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Citation metrics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The only reasonably accurate way of finding citations to journal articles in most subjects is to use one of the two major citation indexes, <a href="/wiki/Web_of_Science" title="Web of Science">Web of Science</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus">Scopus</a>. Scopus covers the sciences and the social sciences, but is very incomplete before 1996; Web of Science <i>may</i> cover the sciences back to 1900, the social sciences back to 1956, and the humanities (very incompletely) back to 1975, but only the largest universities can afford the entire set. (Fortunately, additional citation indexes with public access are being developed.) These databases are furthermore incomplete especially for the less developed countries. Additionally, they list citations only from journal articles – citations from articles published in books or other publications are not included. For that reason, these databases should be used with caution for disciplines such as computer science in which conference or other non-journal publication is essential, or humanistic disciplines where book publication is most important. Web of Science provides a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isihighlycited.com">free index of highly cited researchers</a>, which may be of some value. In individual scientific fields, <a href="/wiki/MathSciNet" title="MathSciNet">MathSciNet</a>, <a href="/wiki/SciFinder_Scholar" class="mw-redirect" title="SciFinder Scholar">SciFinder Scholar</a> (Chemical Abstracts), and similar disciplinary indexes are also valuable resources, often specifically listing citation counts, but access to them is also not free and usually requires a university computer account. </p> <ul><li>A caution about <a href="/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Google Scholar</a>: Google Scholar works well for fields where all (or nearly all) respected venues have an online presence. Most papers written by a computer scientist will show up, but for less technologically up-to-date fields, it is dicey. For non-scientific subjects, it is especially dicey. Many journals, additionally, do not permit Google Scholar to list their articles. For books, the coverage in Google Scholar is partly through Google Book Search, and is very strongly influenced by publisher's permissions and policies. Thus, the absence of references in Google Scholar should not be used as proof of non-notability. In the other direction, GS includes sources that are not peer-reviewed, such as academic web sites and other <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SPS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SPS">self-published sources</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also been criticized for not vetting journals and including <a href="/wiki/Predatory_journals" class="mw-redirect" title="Predatory journals">predatory journals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, the number of citations found there can sometimes be significantly more than the number of actual citations from truly reliable scholarly material. In essence, it is a rough guide only.</li> <li>A caution about <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a>: <a href="/wiki/Medline" class="mw-redirect" title="Medline">Medline</a>, now usually accessed as part of <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a>, is a well-established broadly based search engine, covering much of biology and all of medicine, published since 1967 and sometimes even earlier. It includes a few journals in medically related clinical subjects, but is not complete in those. Further, not all articles in PubMed are from peer-reviewed journals, as it includes medical news sources of various degrees of quality, including such items in peer-reviewed journals it does cover. It also exhaustively covers letters to the editor and similar material, not all of which is of any significance.</li> <li>A caution about "related articles": In PubMed, and most other databases, "related articles" are <b>not</b> articles that necessarily cite the original; they are articles on the same general topic, usually selected by having title words or citations in common. Some <i>may</i> cite the original (and some clearly do not, for they will have been published before the articles in question). They are useful for finding additional papers on a subject, which is the purpose for which they were designed. The only way to count citations using such a listing in, for example, PubMed, is the tedious method of looking at every one of the related articles published after the article in question, finding its "cited article" display, and check if it is there. (Some PubMed records do not list cited articles, for a variety of reasons.) Nor will such a listing necessarily include all the citations. – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&db=books&doptcmdl=GenBookHL&term=%22related+articles%22+AND+helppubmed%5Bbook%5D+AND+404127%5Buid%5D&rid=helppubmed.section.pubmedhelp.Searching_PubMed#pubmedhelp.Finding_articles_rel%7CPubMed">Help for "Related articles" feature</a></li> <li>Citation measures such as the <a href="/wiki/H-index" title="H-index">h-index</a>, <a href="/wiki/G-index" title="G-index">g-index</a>, etc., are of limited usefulness in evaluating whether Criterion 1 is satisfied. They should be approached with caution because their validity is not, at present, completely accepted, and they may depend substantially on the citation database used. They are also discipline-dependent; some disciplines have higher average citation rates than others.</li> <li>For scholars in humanities the existing citation indices and Google Scholar often provide inadequate and incomplete information. (Google Scholar is not totally irrelevant in many cases, for it now does include citations to books—it's worth a look). In these fields one can also look at how widely the person's books are held in various academic libraries (this information is available in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org">Worldcat</a>) when evaluating whether Criterion 1 is satisfied.</li> <li>A report from the association of European computer science departments lists ten bullet points for evaluation of computer science research, two of which emphasize the importance of non-journal publication and one of which specifically cautions against the use of Web of Science. Instead, it recommends Google Scholar or <a href="/wiki/Citeseer" class="mw-redirect" title="Citeseer">Citeseer</a> for this field.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Notability_(academics)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability" title="Wikipedia:Notability">Wikipedia:Notability</a>, emphasis added: "A topic is presumed to merit an article if (1) It meets either the general notability guideline below, <b>or the criteria outlined in a subject-specific guideline</b> listed in the box on the right," which includes this document, "and (2) It is not excluded under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOT">What Wikipedia is not</a> policy."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.une.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/10788/peerreview.pdf">"Identifying Academic Journals"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The University of New England<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Identifying+Academic+Journals&rft.pub=The+University+of+New+England&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.une.edu.au%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0006%2F10788%2Fpeerreview.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3ANotability+%28academics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolata2017" class="citation news cs1">Kolata, Gina (30 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/30/science/predatory-journals-academics.html">"Many Academics Are Eager to Publish in Worthless Journals"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Many+Academics+Are+Eager+to+Publish+in+Worthless+Journals&rft.date=2017-10-30&rft.aulast=Kolata&rft.aufirst=Gina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F10%2F30%2Fscience%2Fpredatory-journals-academics.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3ANotability+%28academics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Meyer" title="Bertrand Meyer">Meyer, Bertrand</a>; Choppy, Christine; Staunstrup, Jørgen; <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Leeuwen" title="Jan van Leeuwen">van Leeuwen, Jan</a> (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informatics-europe.org/docs/research-eval.php">"Research Evaluation for Computer Science"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Communications_of_the_ACM" title="Communications of the ACM">Communications of the ACM</a></i>, <b>52</b> (4): 31–34, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F1498765.1498780">10.1145/1498765.1498780</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8625066">8625066</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=Research+Evaluation+for+Computer+Science&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=31-34&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F1498765.1498780&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8625066%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Bertrand&rft.au=Choppy%2C+Christine&rft.au=Staunstrup%2C+J%C3%B8rgen&rft.au=van+Leeuwen%2C+Jan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.informatics-europe.org%2Fdocs%2Fresearch-eval.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3ANotability+%28academics%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Notability_(academics)&oldid=1240289975">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Notability_(academics)&oldid=1240289975</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_notability_guidelines" title="Category:Wikipedia notability guidelines">Wikipedia notability guidelines</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 August 2024, at 16:16<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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