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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volume"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Volume </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volume-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-British_apothecaries'_volume_measures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_apothecaries'_volume_measures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 British apothecaries' volume measures </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_apothecaries'_volume_measures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mass_and_weight" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass_and_weight"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Mass and weight </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mass_and_weight-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_equivalents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_equivalents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Natural equivalents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_equivalents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Current use </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Current_use-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Current use subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Current_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 United Kingdom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 India </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hong_Kong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hong_Kong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Hong Kong </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hong_Kong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Canada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Australia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 New Zealand </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Ireland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bahamas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bahamas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 Bahamas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bahamas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belize" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belize"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.9 Belize </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belize-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Myanmar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Myanmar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.10 Myanmar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Myanmar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.11 Other countries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Explanatory notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 General sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Imperial units</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" > 34 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="وحدات إمبراطورية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وحدات إمبراطورية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8-kok_tan-%C5%ABi" title="Tè-kok tan-ūi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tè-kok tan-ūi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Имперска единица – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Имперска единица" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_Imperial_d%27Unitats" title="Sistema Imperial d'Unitats – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sistema Imperial d'Unitats" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperi%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_jednotka" title="Imperiální jednotka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Imperiální jednotka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unedau_imperial" title="Unedau imperial – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Unedau imperial" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%83%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Αγγλικό σύστημα μέτρησης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αγγλικό σύστημα μέτρησης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%87%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="واحدهای اندازه‌گیری بریتانیایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="واحدهای اندازه‌گیری بریتانیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_d%27unit%C3%A9s_imp%C3%A9riales" title="Système d'unités impériales – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Système d'unités impériales" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EB%8B%A8%EC%9C%84%EA%B3%84" title="제국 단위계 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제국 단위계" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81" title="इम्पीरियल इकाईयाँ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इम्पीरियल इकाईयाँ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperijalni_sustav_mjera" title="Imperijalni sustav mjera – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Imperijalni sustav mjera" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satuan_imperial" title="Satuan imperial – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Satuan imperial" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breskar_m%C3%A6lieiningar" title="Breskar mælieiningar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Breskar mælieiningar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_imperiale_britannico" title="Sistema imperiale britannico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sistema imperiale britannico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Init%C3%A9_di_mizour_anglo-saksonn" title="Inité di mizour anglo-saksonn – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Inité di mizour anglo-saksonn" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_Imperial" title="Sistem Imperial – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sistem Imperial" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%98%E4%BD%8D" title="帝国単位 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="帝国単位" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britisk_einingssystem_for_m%C3%A5l_og_vekt" title="Britisk einingssystem for mål og vekt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Britisk einingssystem for mål og vekt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impiiriyal_Yuunit" title="Impiiriyal Yuunit – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Impiiriyal Yuunit" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jednostki_imperialne" title="Jednostki imperialne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jednostki imperialne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemi_perandorak_i_nj%C3%ABsive" title="Sistemi perandorak i njësive – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sistemi perandorak i njësive" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_units" title="Imperial units – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Imperial units" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperialna_enota" title="Imperialna enota – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Imperialna enota" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Британски систем мера – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Британски систем мера" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperijalni_sistem_mjera" title="Imperijalni sistem mjera – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Imperijalni sistem mjera" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittiska_m%C3%A5ttenheter" title="Brittiska måttenheter – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Brittiska måttenheter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="பிரித்தானிய அலகுகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரித்தானிய அலகுகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="หน่วยวัดแบบอังกฤษ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หน่วยวัดแบบอังกฤษ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0mparatorluk_birimleri" title="İmparatorluk birimleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İmparatorluk birimleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86" title="شاہی نظام اوزان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شاہی نظام اوزان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunit_Imperyal" title="Yunit Imperyal – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Yunit Imperyal" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%88%B6%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D" title="英制單位 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="英制單位" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">System of measurements</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the post-1824 measures used in the British Empire and countries in the British sphere of influence. For the units used in England before 1824, see <a href="/wiki/English_units" title="English units">English units</a>. For the system of weight, see <a href="/wiki/Avoirdupois" title="Avoirdupois">Avoirdupois</a>. For United States customary units, see <a href="/wiki/United_States_customary_units" title="United States customary units">United States customary units</a>. For an overview of UK and US units, see <a href="/wiki/Imperial_and_US_customary_measurement_systems" title="Imperial and US customary measurement systems">Imperial and US customary measurement systems</a>. For the political ideology, see <a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Weights_and_Measures_office.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Weights_and_Measures_office.jpg/260px-Weights_and_Measures_office.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Weights_and_Measures_office.jpg/390px-Weights_and_Measures_office.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Weights_and_Measures_office.jpg/520px-Weights_and_Measures_office.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The former Weights and Measures office in <a href="/wiki/Seven_Sisters,_London" title="Seven Sisters, London">Seven Sisters, London</a> (590 Seven Sisters Road)</figcaption></figure> The imperial system of units, imperial system or imperial units (also known as British Imperial<a href="#cite_note-Publishing2010-1">[1]</a> or Exchequer Standards of 1826) is the <a href="/wiki/System_of_units" class="mw-redirect" title="System of units">system of units</a> first defined in the British <a href="/wiki/Weights_and_Measures_Act_1824" class="mw-redirect" title="Weights and Measures Act 1824">Weights and Measures Act 1824</a> and continued to be developed through a series of Weights and Measures Acts and amendments. The imperial system developed from earlier <a href="/wiki/English_units" title="English units">English units</a> as did the <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_the_imperial_and_US_customary_measurement_systems" title="Comparison of the imperial and US customary measurement systems">related but differing system</a> of <a href="/wiki/United_States_customary_units" title="United States customary units">customary units of the United States</a>. The imperial units replaced the <a href="/wiki/Winchester_measure" title="Winchester measure">Winchester Standards</a>, which were in effect from 1588 to 1825.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> The system came into official use across the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> in 1826. By the late 20th century, most nations of the former empire had <a href="/wiki/Metrication" title="Metrication">officially adopted</a> the <a href="/wiki/Metric_system" title="Metric system">metric system</a> as their main system of measurement, but imperial units are still used alongside metric units in the United Kingdom and in some other parts of the former empire, notably Canada. The modern UK legislation defining the imperial system of units is given in the <a href="/wiki/Weights_and_Measures_Act_1985" class="mw-redirect" title="Weights and Measures Act 1985">Weights and Measures Act 1985</a> (as amended).<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementation">Implementation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_units&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Implementation">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Weights_and_Measures_Act_1824" class="mw-redirect" title="Weights and Measures Act 1824">Weights and Measures Act 1824</a> was initially scheduled to go into effect on 1 May 1825.<a href="#cite_note-google339-4">[4]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Weights_and_Measures_Act_1825" class="mw-redirect" title="Weights and Measures Act 1825">Weights and Measures Act 1825</a> pushed back the date to 1 January 1826.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> The 1824 act allowed the continued use of pre-imperial units provided that they were customary, widely known, and clearly marked with imperial equivalents.<a href="#cite_note-google339-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apothecaries'_units">Apothecaries' units</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_units&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Apothecaries' units">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_standards_of_length_1876_Trafalgar_Square.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Imperial_standards_of_length_1876_Trafalgar_Square.jpg/220px-Imperial_standards_of_length_1876_Trafalgar_Square.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Imperial_standards_of_length_1876_Trafalgar_Square.jpg/330px-Imperial_standards_of_length_1876_Trafalgar_Square.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Imperial_standards_of_length_1876_Trafalgar_Square.jpg/440px-Imperial_standards_of_length_1876_Trafalgar_Square.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1760" data-file-height="1168" /></a><figcaption>Imperial standards of length 1876 in <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a>, London</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Apothecaries%27_system" title="Apothecaries' system">Apothecaries' units</a> are not mentioned in the acts of 1824 and 1825. At the time, apothecaries' weights and measures were regulated "in England, Wales, and <a href="/wiki/Berwick-upon-Tweed" title="Berwick-upon-Tweed">Berwick-upon-Tweed</a>" by the <a href="/wiki/London_College_of_Physicians" class="mw-redirect" title="London College of Physicians">London College of Physicians</a>, and in Ireland by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Physicians_of_Ireland" title="Royal College of Physicians of Ireland">Dublin College of Physicians</a>. In Scotland, apothecaries' units were unofficially regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_College_of_Physicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Edinburgh College of Physicians">Edinburgh College of Physicians</a>. The three colleges published, at infrequent intervals, <a href="/wiki/Pharmacopoeia" title="Pharmacopoeia">pharmacopoeias</a>, the London and Dublin editions having the force of law.<a href="#cite_note-Edinburgh_medical_and_surgical_journal-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-IrelandButler1765-7">[7]</a> Imperial apothecaries' measures, based on the imperial pint of 20 fluid ounces, were introduced by the publication of the <a href="/wiki/London_Pharmacopoeia" class="mw-redirect" title="London Pharmacopoeia">London Pharmacopoeia</a> of 1836,<a href="#cite_note-Gray1836-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Pharmacopoeia" title="Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia">Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia</a> of 1839,<a href="#cite_note-The_Pharmacopoeia_of_the_Royal_College_of_Physicians_of_Edinburgh-10">[10]</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_Pharmacopoeia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dublin Pharmacopoeia (page does not exist)">Dublin Pharmacopoeia</a> of 1850.<a href="#cite_note-DublinIreland1850-11">[11]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Medical_Act_1858" title="Medical Act 1858">Medical Act 1858</a> transferred to <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">the Crown</a> the right to publish the official pharmacopoeia and to regulate apothecaries' weights and measures.<a href="#cite_note-Britain1858-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Units">Units</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_units&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Units">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Length">Length</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_units&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Length">edit</a>]</div> Metric equivalents in this article usually assume the latest official definition. Before this date, the most precise measurement of the imperial Standard Yard was 0.914398415 metres.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0"> <caption>Table of length equivalent units </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Unit </th> <th>Abbr. or symbols </th> <th>Relative to previous </th> <th>Feet </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Metres" class="mw-redirect" title="Metres">Metres</a> </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Twip" title="Twip">twip</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>1⁄17280 </td> <td align="right">0.0000176389 </td> <td>typographic measure </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Thou_(length)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thou (length)">thou</a> </th> <td>th </td> <td>1.44 twip </td> <td align="right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄12000 </td> <td align="right">0.0000254 </td> <td> Abbreviation of "thousandth of an inch". Also known as mil.<a href="#cite_note-jerrard-14">[14]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Barleycorn_(unit)" title="Barleycorn (unit)">barleycorn</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">333+1⁄3 th </td> <td align="right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄36 </td> <td align="right">0.0084667 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄3 in </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Inch" title="Inch">inch</a> </th> <td>in (<a href="/wiki/%E2%80%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="″">″</a>) </td> <td>3 Bc </td> <td align="right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄12 </td> <td align="right">0.0254 </td> <td>1 metre ≈ 39.3701 in </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hand_(unit)" title="Hand (unit)">hand</a> </th> <td>hh </td> <td>4 in </td> <td align="right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄3 </td> <td align="right">0.1016 </td> <td>Used to measure the height of horses </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">foot</a> </th> <td>ft (<a href="/wiki/%E2%80%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="′">′</a>) </td> <td>3 h </td> <td align="right">1 </td> <td align="right">0.3048 </td> <td>12 in </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Yard" title="Yard">yard</a> </th> <td>yd </td> <td>3 ft </td> <td align="right">3 </td> <td align="right">0.9144 </td> <td>Defined as exactly 0.9144 m by the <a href="/wiki/International_yard_and_pound" title="International yard and pound">international yard and pound</a> agreement of 1959 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Chain_(unit)" title="Chain (unit)">chain</a> </th> <td>ch </td> <td>22 yd </td> <td align="right">66 </td> <td align="right">20.1168 </td> <td>100 links, 4 rods, or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄10 of a furlong. The distance between the two <a href="/wiki/Wicket" title="Wicket">wickets</a> on a <a href="/wiki/Cricket_pitch" title="Cricket pitch">cricket pitch</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Furlong" title="Furlong">furlong</a> </th> <td>fur </td> <td>10 chains </td> <td align="right">660 </td> <td align="right">201.168 </td> <td>220 yd </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mile" title="Mile">mile</a> </th> <td>mi </td> <td>8 furlongs </td> <td align="right">5280 </td> <td align="right">1609.344 </td> <td>1760 yd or 80 chains </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/League_(unit)" title="League (unit)">league</a> </th> <td>lea </td> <td>3 miles </td> <td align="right">15840 </td> <td align="right">4828.032 </td> <td>No longer an official unit in any nation.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6" style="text-align:center;">Maritime units </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th><a href="/wiki/Fathom" title="Fathom">fathom</a> </th> <td>ftm </td> <td>2.02667 yd </td> <td align="right">6.0761 </td> <td align="right">1.852 </td> <td>The British Admiralty in practice used a fathom of 6 ft. This was despite its being <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄1000 of a nautical mile (i.e. 6.08 ft) until the adoption of the international nautical mile.<a href="#cite_note-fath-15">[15]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th><a href="/wiki/Cable_length" title="Cable length">cable</a> </th> <td> </td> <td>100 fathoms </td> <td align="right">607.61 </td> <td align="right">185.2 </td> <td>One tenth of a nautical mile. Equal to 100 fathoms under the strict definition. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th><a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nautical mile</a> </th> <td>nmi </td> <td>10 cables </td> <td align="right">6076.1 </td> <td align="right">1852 </td> <td>Used for measuring distances at sea (and also in aviation) and approximately equal to one <a href="/wiki/Arc_minute" class="mw-redirect" title="Arc minute">arc minute</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Great_circle" title="Great circle">great circle</a>. Until the adoption of the international definition of 1852 m in 1970, the British nautical (Admiralty) mile was defined as 6080 ft.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6" style="text-align:center;">Gunter's survey units (17th century onwards) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Link_(unit)" title="Link (unit)">link</a> </th> <td> </td> <td>7.92 in </td> <td align="right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">66⁄100 </td> <td align="right">0.201168 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄100 of a chain and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄1000 of a furlong </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Rod_(unit)" title="Rod (unit)">rod</a> </th> <td> </td> <td>25 links </td> <td align="right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">66⁄4 </td> <td align="right">5.0292 </td> <td>The rod is also called pole or perch and equal to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">5+1⁄2 yards </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Area">Area</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_units&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Area">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0"> <caption>Table of area units and equivalents </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Unit </th> <th>Abbr. or symbol </th> <th>Relative to previous </th> <th>Relation to units of length </th> <th>Square feet </th> <th>Square yards </th> <th>Acres </th> <th>Square metres </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">Hectares</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Perch_(area)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perch (area)">perch</a>* </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 rd × 1 rd </td> <td align="right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">272+1⁄4 </td> <td align="right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">30+1⁄4 </td> <td align="right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄160 </td> <td align="right">25.29285264 </td> <td align="right">0.002529285264 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Rood_(unit)" title="Rood (unit)">rood</a> </th> <td> </td> <td>40 perches </td> <td>1 furlong × 1 rd<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> </td> <td align="right">10890 </td> <td align="right">1210 </td> <td align="right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄4 </td> <td align="right">1011.7141056 </td> <td align="right">0.10117141056 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Acre" title="Acre">acre</a> </th> <td> </td> <td>4 roods </td> <td>1 furlong × 1 chain </td> <td align="right">43560 </td> <td align="right">4840 </td> <td align="right">1 </td> <td align="right">4046.8564224 </td> <td align="right">0.40468564224 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Square_mile" title="Square mile">square mile</a> </th> <td>sq mi </td> <td>640 acres </td> <td>1 mile × 1 mile </td> <td align="right">27878400 </td> <td align="right">3097600 </td> <td align="right">640 </td> <td>2589988.110336 </td> <td>258.9988110336 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9">Note: *The square rod has been called a pole or perch or, more properly, square pole or square perch for centuries. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Volume">Volume</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_units&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Volume">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Volume_measurements_from_The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Volume_measurements_from_The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work.svg/220px-Volume_measurements_from_The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Volume_measurements_from_The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work.svg/330px-Volume_measurements_from_The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Volume_measurements_from_The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work.svg/440px-Volume_measurements_from_The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Imperial volume units, illustrated as jugs of various sizes</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Weights_and_Measures_Act_1824" class="mw-redirect" title="Weights and Measures Act 1824">Weights and Measures Act 1824</a> invalidated the various different gallons in use in the British Empire, declaring them to be replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Statute_measure" class="mw-redirect" title="Statute measure">statute</a> gallon (which became known as the imperial gallon), a unit close in volume to the <a href="/wiki/Gallon#History" title="Gallon">ale gallon</a>. The 1824 act defined as the volume of a gallon to be that of 10 pounds (4.54 kg) of distilled water weighed in air with brass weights with the barometer standing at 30 <a href="/wiki/Inch_of_mercury" title="Inch of mercury">inches of mercury</a> (102 kPa) at a temperature of 62 <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">°F</a> (17 °C).<a href="#cite_note-1824Act-18">[18]</a> The 1824 act went on to give this volume as 277.274 cubic inches (4.54371 litres).<a href="#cite_note-1824Act-18">[18]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Weights_and_Measures_Act_1963" class="mw-redirect" title="Weights and Measures Act 1963">Weights and Measures Act 1963</a> refined this definition to be the volume of 10 pounds of distilled water of density 0.998859 g/mL weighed in air of density 0.001217 g/mL against weights of density 8.136 g/mL, which works out to 4.546092 L.<a href="#cite_note-19">[nb 1]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Weights_and_Measures_Act_1985" class="mw-redirect" title="Weights and Measures Act 1985">Weights and Measures Act 1985</a> defined a gallon to be exactly 4.54609 L (approximately 277.4194 cu in).<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Table of equivalences </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Unit </th> <th>Imperial ounces </th> <th>Imperial pints </th> <th>Millilitres </th> <th>Cubic inches </th> <th>US ounces </th> <th>US pints </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Fluid_ounce" title="Fluid ounce">fluid ounce</a> (fl oz) </td> <td align="right">1     </td> <td align="right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄20     </td> <td style="text-align:right;">28.4130625 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.7339 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.96076 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.060047 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Gill_(volume)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gill (volume)">gill</a> (gi) </td> <td align="right">5     </td> <td align="right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄4     </td> <td style="text-align:right;">142.0653125 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.6694 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.8038 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.30024 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Pint" title="Pint">pint</a> (pt) </td> <td align="right">20     </td> <td align="right">1     </td> <td style="text-align:right;">568.26125 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">34.677 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19.215 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Quart" title="Quart">quart</a> (qt) </td> <td align="right">40     </td> <td align="right">2     </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1136.5225 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">69.355 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">38.430 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.4019 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Gallon" title="Gallon">gallon</a> (gal) </td> <td align="right">160     </td> <td align="right">8     </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4546.09 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">277.42 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">153.72 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.6076 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7">Note: The millilitre equivalences are exact, but cubic-inch and US measures are correct to 5 significant figures. </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0"> <caption>Unit measures defined by the Weights and Measures Act 1824, all measures determined by reference to the statute gallon of 277.274 cubic inches.<a href="#cite_note-1824Act-18">[18]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Liquid </th> <th>Dry </th> <th>Capacity </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄2 gill</td> <td></td> <td>4.32 cu in (70.8 mL) </td></tr> <tr> <td>gill</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄4 pint</td> <td>8.64 cu in (141.6 mL) </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄2 pint</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄2 pint</td> <td>17.38 cu in (284.8 mL) </td></tr> <tr> <td>pint</td> <td>pint</td> <td>34.76 cu in (569.6 mL; 0.5696 L) </td></tr> <tr> <td>quart</td> <td>quart</td> <td>69.32 cu in (1.1360 L) </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄2 gallon</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄4 peck or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄2 gallon</td> <td>138.64 cu in (2.2719 L) </td></tr> <tr> <td>gallon</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄2 peck or gallon</td> <td>277.274 cu in (4.54371 L) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 gallons (peck)</td> <td>peck</td> <td>554.548 cu in (9.08741 L) </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 gallons (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄2 bushel)</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄2 bushel</td> <td>1,109.096 cu in (18.17483 L) </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 gallons</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bushel" title="Bushel">bushel</a></td> <td>2,218.192 cu in (36.34965 L) </td></tr> <tr> <td>64 gallons</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quarter_(unit)" title="Quarter (unit)">quarter</a></td> <td>17,745.536 cu in (290.79723 L) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">Note: The 1824 Act removed the distinction between liquid and dry measure, specifying instead that the dry quantities shall be unheaped. The metric equivalences shown are approximate. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="British_apothecaries'_volume_measures">British apothecaries' volume measures</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_units&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: British apothecaries' volume measures">edit</a>]</div> These measurements were in use from 1826, when the new imperial gallon was defined. For pharmaceutical purposes, they were replaced by the metric system in the United Kingdom on 1 January 1971.<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> In the US, though no longer recommended, the <a href="/wiki/Apothecaries%27_system" title="Apothecaries' system">apothecaries' system</a> is still used occasionally in medicine, especially in <a href="/wiki/Medical_prescription" title="Medical prescription">prescriptions</a> for older medications.<a href="#cite_note-Zentz2010-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Boyer2009-24">[23]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0"> <caption>Table of British apothecaries' volume units<a href="#cite_note-31">[nb 2]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Unit </th> <th>Symbols and abbreviations </th> <th>Relative to previous </th> <th>Exact metric value<a href="#cite_note-32">[note 1]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Minim_(unit)" title="Minim (unit)">minim</a> </td> <td align="center">♏︎, <a href="/wiki/File:Mx,_a_symbol_for_minim_in_the_apothecaries%27_system.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Mx%2C_a_symbol_for_minim_in_the_apothecaries%27_system.svg/13px-Mx%2C_a_symbol_for_minim_in_the_apothecaries%27_system.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Mx%2C_a_symbol_for_minim_in_the_apothecaries%27_system.svg/20px-Mx%2C_a_symbol_for_minim_in_the_apothecaries%27_system.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Mx%2C_a_symbol_for_minim_in_the_apothecaries%27_system.svg/26px-Mx%2C_a_symbol_for_minim_in_the_apothecaries%27_system.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="1785" /></a>, m, m., min </td> <td align="right">  (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄9600 pint) </td> <td align="right">59.1938802083 <a href="/wiki/Microlitre" class="mw-redirect" title="Microlitre">μL</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Fluid_scruple" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluid scruple">fluid scruple</a> </td> <td align="center">fl ℈, fl s </td> <td align="right">20 minims (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄480 pint) </td> <td align="right">1.18387760416 mL </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Dram_(unit)" title="Dram (unit)">fluid drachm</a> (fluid dram, fluidram) </td> <td align="center">ʒ, fl ʒ, fʒ, ƒ 3, fl dr </td> <td align="right">3 fluid scruples (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄160 pint) </td> <td align="right">3.5516328125 mL </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Fluid_ounce" title="Fluid ounce">fluid ounce</a> </td> <td align="center">℥, fl ℥, f℥, ƒ ℥, fl oz </td> <td align="right">8 fluid drachms </td> <td align="right">28.4130625 mL </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Pint" title="Pint">pint</a> </td> <td align="center">O, pt </td> <td align="right">20 fluid ounces </td> <td align="right">568.26125 mL </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Gallon" title="Gallon">gallon</a> </td> <td align="center">C, gal </td> <td align="right">8 pints </td> <td align="right">4.54609 L </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4">Note: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Vinculum_(symbol)" title="Vinculum (symbol)">vinculum</a> over numbers (e.g. 3) represents a <a href="/wiki/Repeating_decimal" title="Repeating decimal">repeating decimal</a>. </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mass_and_weight">Mass and weight</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_units&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mass and weight">edit</a>]</div> In the 19th and 20th centuries, the UK used three different systems for mass and weight. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Troy_weight" title="Troy weight">troy weight</a>, used for precious metals;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoirdupois" title="Avoirdupois">avoirdupois</a> weight, used for most other purposes; and</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apothecaries%27_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Apothecaries' weight">apothecaries' weight</a>, now virtually unused since the metric system is used for all scientific purposes.</li></ul> The distinction between <a href="/wiki/Mass_versus_weight" title="Mass versus weight">mass and weight</a> is not always clearly drawn. Strictly a pound is a unit of mass, but it is commonly referred to as a weight. When a distinction is necessary, the term <a href="/wiki/Pound-force" class="mw-redirect" title="Pound-force">pound-force</a> may refer to a unit of force rather than mass. The troy pound (373.2417216 g) was made the primary unit of mass by the <a href="/wiki/Weights_and_Measures_Act_1824" class="mw-redirect" title="Weights and Measures Act 1824">Weights and Measures Act 1824</a> and its use was abolished in the UK on 1 January 1879,<a href="#cite_note-Britain1878-33">[30]</a> with only the troy ounce (31.1034768 g) and its <a href="/wiki/Decimal" title="Decimal">decimal</a> subdivisions retained.<a href="#cite_note-Chisholm1911-34">[31]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Weights_and_Measures_Act_1855" class="mw-redirect" title="Weights and Measures Act 1855">Weights and Measures Act 1855</a> made the avoirdupois pound the primary unit of mass.<a href="#cite_note-Britain1855-35">[32]</a> In all the systems, the fundamental unit is the <a href="/wiki/Pound_(mass)" title="Pound (mass)">pound</a>, and all other units are defined as fractions or multiples of it. <table class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0"> <caption>Table of mass units </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Unit </th> <th>Pounds </th> <th>In SI units </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Grain_(mass)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grain (mass)">grain</a> (gr) </td> <td align="right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄7000 </td> <td align="right">64.79891 mg </td> <td>Exactly 64.79891 milligrams. </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Dram_(unit)" title="Dram (unit)">drachm</a> (dr) </td> <td align="right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄256 </td> <td align="right">1.7718451953125 g </td> <td>A dram is <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄16 of an ounce </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Ounce" title="Ounce">ounce</a> (oz) </td> <td align="right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄16 </td> <td align="right">28.349523125 g </td> <td>An ounce is <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄16 of a pound </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Pound_(mass)" title="Pound (mass)">pound</a> (lb) </td> <td align="right">1 </td> <td align="right">0.45359237 kg </td> <td>Defined by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Units_of_Measurement_Regulations_1994&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Units of Measurement Regulations 1994 (page does not exist)">Units of Measurement Regulations 1994</a> (<a href="/wiki/SI_1994" class="mw-redirect" title="SI 1994">SI 1994</a>/2867)<a href="#cite_note-36">[33]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Stone_(Imperial_mass)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone (Imperial mass)">stone</a> (st) </td> <td align="right">14 </td> <td align="right">6.35029318 kg </td> <td>The plural stone is often used when providing a weight (e.g. "this sack weighs 8 stone").<a href="#cite_note-:0-37">[34]</a> A person's weight is usually quoted in stone and pounds in English-speaking countries that use the avoirdupois system, with the exception of the United States and Canada, where it is usually quoted in pounds. </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Quarter_(unit)" title="Quarter (unit)">quarter</a> (qr or qtr) </td> <td align="right">28 </td> <td align="right">12.70058636 kg </td> <td> One quarter (literally a quarter of a hundredweight) is equal to two stone or 28 pounds. The term quarter is also used in retail contexts, where it refers to four ounces, i.e. a quarter of a pound. (The 1824 act defined a quarter as a unit of volume, as above: thus a 'quarter of wheat', 64 gallons, would weigh about 494 lb.<a href="#cite_note-38">[35]</a>). </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Hundredweight" title="Hundredweight">hundredweight</a> (cwt) </td> <td align="right">112 </td> <td align="right">50.80234544 kg </td> <td>One imperial hundredweight is equal to eight stone. This is the long hundredweight, 112 pounds, as opposed to the short hundredweight of 100 pounds used in the United States and Canada.<a href="#cite_note-justice1-39">[36]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">ton</a> (t[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]) </td> <td align="right">2240 </td> <td align="right">1016.0469088 kg </td> <td>Twenty hundredweight equals a ton (as in the US and Canadian<a href="#cite_note-justice1-39">[36]</a> systems). The imperial hundredweight is 12% greater than the US and Canadian one. The imperial ton (or long ton) is 2240 pounds, which is much closer to a <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonne</a> (about 2204.6 pounds), compared to the 10.7% smaller North American short ton of 2000 pounds (907.185 kg). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="6">Gravitational units </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Slug_(unit)" title="Slug (unit)">slug</a> (slug) </td> <td align="right">32.17404856 </td> <td align="right">14.59390294 kg </td> <td>The slug, a unit associated with imperial and US customary systems, is a mass that accelerates by 1 ft/s2 when a force of one <a href="/wiki/Pound_(force)" title="Pound (force)">pound</a> (lbf) is exerted on it.<a href="#cite_note-40">[37]</a> <dl><dd><dl><dd><table> <tbody><tr> <td></td> <td align="right">F </td> <td>= ma (<a href="/wiki/Newton%27s_second_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Newton's second law">Newton's second law</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td align="right">1 lbf </td> <td>= 1 slug × 1 ft/s2 (as defined above) </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td align="right">1 lbf </td> <td>= 1 lb × <a href="/wiki/Standard_gravity" title="Standard gravity">g</a>/gc (by definition of the pound force[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]) </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td align="right">g </td> <td>≈ 32.17404856 ft/s2 </td> <td></td> <td align="right">gc </td> <td>≈ 32.17404856 lbm⋅ft/lbf⋅s2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>∴</td> <td align="right">1 slug </td> <td>≈ 32.17404856 pounds </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Natural_equivalents">Natural equivalents</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_units&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Natural equivalents">edit</a>]</div> The 1824 Act of Parliament defined the yard and pound by reference to the <a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">prototype</a> standards, and it also defined the values of certain <a href="/wiki/Physical_constants" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical constants">physical constants</a>, to make provision for re-creation of the standards if they were to be damaged. For the yard, the length of a <a href="/wiki/Pendulum" title="Pendulum">pendulum</a> beating <a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">seconds</a> at the latitude of Greenwich at <a href="/wiki/Mean_Sea_Level" class="mw-redirect" title="Mean Sea Level">Mean Sea Level</a> in vacuo was defined as 39.01393 inches. For the pound, the mass of a cubic inch of distilled water at an <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">atmospheric pressure</a> of 30 <a href="/wiki/Inches_of_mercury" class="mw-redirect" title="Inches of mercury">inches of mercury</a> and a temperature of 62° <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">Fahrenheit</a> was defined as 252.458 grains, with there being 7,000 grains per pound.<a href="#cite_note-google339-4">[4]</a> Following the destruction of the original prototypes in the <a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Parliament" title="Burning of Parliament">1834 Houses of Parliament fire</a>, it proved impossible to recreate the standards from these definitions, and a new <a href="/wiki/Weights_and_Measures_Act_1855" class="mw-redirect" title="Weights and Measures Act 1855">Weights and Measures Act 1855</a> was passed which permitted the recreation of the prototypes from recognized <a href="/wiki/Standard_(metrology)" title="Standard (metrology)">secondary standards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Britain1855-35">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_use">Current use</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_units&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Current use">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Metrication_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Metrication in the United Kingdom">Metrication in the United Kingdom</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metric_and_imperial_systems_(2019).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Metric_and_imperial_systems_%282019%29.svg/220px-Metric_and_imperial_systems_%282019%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Metric_and_imperial_systems_%282019%29.svg/330px-Metric_and_imperial_systems_%282019%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Metric_and_imperial_systems_%282019%29.svg/440px-Metric_and_imperial_systems_%282019%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption>Countries using the <a href="/wiki/Metric_system" title="Metric system">metric</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">SI</a>), imperial and <a href="/wiki/US_customary" class="mw-redirect" title="US customary">US customary</a> systems as of 2019</figcaption></figure> Since the <a href="/wiki/Weights_and_Measures_Act_1985" class="mw-redirect" title="Weights and Measures Act 1985">Weights and Measures Act 1985</a>, British law defines base imperial units in terms of their metric equivalent. The metric system is routinely used in business and technology within the United Kingdom, with imperial units remaining in widespread use amongst the public.<a href="#cite_note-BBCNews_December_2011-41">[38]</a> All UK roads use the imperial system except for weight limits, and newer height or width restriction signs give metric alongside imperial.<a href="#cite_note-BBCNews_November_2014-42">[39]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MetricImperialUSCustomaryUnits.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/MetricImperialUSCustomaryUnits.jpg/170px-MetricImperialUSCustomaryUnits.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/MetricImperialUSCustomaryUnits.jpg/255px-MetricImperialUSCustomaryUnits.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/MetricImperialUSCustomaryUnits.jpg/340px-MetricImperialUSCustomaryUnits.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption>A baby bottle that measures in three measurement systems—metric, imperial (UK), and US customary</figcaption></figure> Traders in the UK may accept requests from customers specified in imperial units, and scales which display in both unit systems are commonplace in the retail trade. Metric price signs may be accompanied by imperial price signs provided that the imperial signs are no larger and no more prominent than the metric ones. The United Kingdom completed its official partial transition to the metric system in 1995, with imperial units still legally mandated for certain applications such as draught beer and cider,<a href="#cite_note-WMbeer-43">[40]</a> and road-signs.<a href="#cite_note-WMroads-44">[41]</a> Therefore, the speedometers on vehicles sold in the UK must be capable of displaying miles per hour. Even though the <a href="/wiki/Troy_weight" title="Troy weight">troy pound</a> was outlawed in the UK in the <a href="/wiki/Weights_and_Measures_Act_1878" class="mw-redirect" title="Weights and Measures Act 1878">Weights and Measures Act 1878</a>, the troy ounce may still be used for the weights of precious stones and metals. The original railways (many built in the Victorian era) are a big user of imperial units, with distances officially measured in miles and yards or miles and <a href="/wiki/Chain_(length)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chain (length)">chains</a>, and also feet and inches, and speeds are in miles per hour. Some British people still use one or more imperial units in everyday life for distance (miles, yards, feet, and inches) and some types of volume measurement (especially milk and beer in pints; rarely for canned or bottled soft drinks, or <a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">petrol</a>).<a href="#cite_note-BBCNews_December_2011-41">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[42]</a> As of February 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Imperial_units&action=edit">[update]</a>, many British people also still use imperial units in everyday life for body weight (stones and pounds for adults, pounds and ounces for babies).<a href="#cite_note-46">[43]</a> Government documents aimed at the public may give body weight and height in imperial units as well as in metric.<a href="#cite_note-47">[44]</a> A survey in 2015 found that many people did not know their body weight or height in both systems.<a href="#cite_note-48">[45]</a> As of 2017, people under the age of 40 preferred the metric system but people aged 40 and over preferred the imperial system.<a href="#cite_note-49">[46]</a> As in other English-speaking countries, including <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the height of horses is usually measured in <a href="/wiki/Hand_(unit)" title="Hand (unit)">hands</a>, standardised to 4 inches (102 mm). Fuel consumption for vehicles is commonly stated in miles per gallon (mpg), though official figures always include litres per 100 km equivalents and fuel is sold in litres. When sold <a href="/wiki/Draught_beer" title="Draught beer">draught</a> in licensed premises, beer and cider must be sold in pints, half-pints or third-pints.<a href="#cite_note-50">[47]</a> Cow's milk is available in both litre- and pint-based containers in supermarkets and shops. Areas of land associated with farming, forestry and real estate are commonly advertised in acres and square feet but, for contracts and <a href="/wiki/Land_registration" title="Land registration">land registration</a> purposes, the units are always hectares and square metres.<a href="#cite_note-legislation_20093045-51">[48]</a> Office space and industrial units are usually advertised in square feet. Steel pipe sizes are sold in increments of inches, while copper pipe is sold in increments of millimetres. Road bicycles have their frames measured in centimetres, while off-road bicycles have their frames measured in inches. <a href="/wiki/Display_size" title="Display size">Display sizes</a> for screens on television sets and computer monitors are always <a href="/wiki/Diagonal" title="Diagonal">diagonally</a> measured in inches. Food sold by length or width, e.g. pizzas or sandwiches, is generally sold in inches. Clothing is usually sized in inches, with the metric equivalent often shown as a small supplementary indicator. Gas is usually measured by the cubic foot or cubic metre, but is billed like electricity by the <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt_hour" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt hour">kilowatt hour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[49]</a> Pre-packaged products can show both metric and imperial measures, and it is also common to see imperial pack sizes with metric only labels, e.g. a 1 lb (454 g) tin of Lyle's Golden Syrup is always labelled 454 g with no imperial indicator. Similarly most jars of jam and packs of sausages are labelled 454 g with no imperial indicator. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_units&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: India">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Metrication_in_India" title="Metrication in India">Metrication in India</a></div> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> began converting to the metric system from the imperial system between 1955 and 1962. The metric system in weights and measures was adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Parliament">Indian Parliament</a> in December 1956 with the Standards of Weights and Measures Act, which took effect beginning 1 October 1958. By 1962, metric units became "mandatory and exclusive."<a href="#cite_note-53">[50]</a> Today all official measurements are made in the metric system. In common usage some older Indians may still refer to imperial units. Some measurements, such as the heights of mountains, are still recorded in feet. Tyre rim diameters are still measured in inches, as used worldwide. Industries like the construction and the real estate industry still use both the metric and the imperial system though it is more common for sizes of homes to be given in square feet and land in acres.<a href="#cite_note-Acharya,_Anil_Kumar_1958-54">[51]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">Standard Indian English</a>, as in <a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">Canadian</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singaporean_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Singaporean English">Singaporean</a>, and <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>, metric units such as the litre, metre, and <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonne</a> utilise the traditional spellings brought over from <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, which differ from those used in the <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">United States</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_English" title="Philippine English">Philippines</a>. The imperial long ton is invariably spelt with one 'n'.<a href="#cite_note-Acharya,_Anil_Kumar_1958-54">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hong_Kong">Hong Kong</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_units&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Hong Kong">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> has three main systems of <a href="/wiki/Units_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Units of measurement">units of measurement</a> in current use: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_units_of_measurement" title="Chinese units of measurement">Chinese units of measurement</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Qing_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Empire">Qing Empire</a> (no longer in widespread use in China);</li> <li>British imperial units; and</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Metric_system" title="Metric system">metric system</a>.</li></ul> In 1976 the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Government">Hong Kong Government</a> started the conversion to the metric system, and as of 2012 measurements for government purposes, such as road signs, are almost always in metric units. All three systems are officially permitted for trade,<a href="#cite_note-Ordinance-55">[52]</a> and in the wider society a mixture of all three systems prevails. The Chinese system's most commonly used units for length are 里 (lei5), 丈 (zoeng6), 尺 (<a href="/wiki/Chi_(unit)" title="Chi (unit)">cek3</a>), 寸 (<a href="/wiki/Tsun" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsun">cyun3</a>), 分 (fan1) in descending scale order. These units are now rarely used in daily life, the imperial and metric systems being preferred. The imperial equivalents are written with the same basic Chinese characters as the Chinese system. In order to distinguish between the units of the two systems, the units can be prefixed with "Ying" (英, jing1) for the imperial system and "Wa" (華, waa4) for the Chinese system. In writing, derived characters are often used, with an additional 口 (mouth) <a href="/wiki/Kangxi_radicals" title="Kangxi radicals">radical</a> to the left of the original Chinese character, for writing imperial units. The most commonly used units are the <a href="/wiki/Mile" title="Mile">mile</a> or "li" (哩, li1), the <a href="/wiki/Yard" title="Yard">yard</a> or "ma" (碼, maa5), the <a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">foot</a> or "chek" (呎, cek3), and the <a href="/wiki/Inch" title="Inch">inch</a> or "tsun" (吋, cyun3). The traditional measure of flat area is the square foot (方呎, 平方呎, fong1 cek3, ping4 fong1 cek3) of the imperial system, which is still in common use for real estate purposes. The measurement of agricultural plots and fields is traditionally conducted in 畝 (mau5) of the Chinese system. For the measurement of volume, Hong Kong officially uses the metric system, though the gallon (加侖, gaa1 leon4-2) is also occasionally used. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_units&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Canada">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Metrication_in_Canada" title="Metrication in Canada">Metrication in Canada</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GasCan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/GasCan.jpg/170px-GasCan.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/GasCan.jpg/255px-GasCan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/GasCan.jpg/340px-GasCan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1525" data-file-height="2357" /></a><figcaption>A one US gallon gas can purchased near the US-Canada border showing equivalences in imperial gallons and litres</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_canned_food_labels_showing_imperial_and_metric_units_of_measurement.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Canadian_canned_food_labels_showing_imperial_and_metric_units_of_measurement.jpg/220px-Canadian_canned_food_labels_showing_imperial_and_metric_units_of_measurement.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Canadian_canned_food_labels_showing_imperial_and_metric_units_of_measurement.jpg/330px-Canadian_canned_food_labels_showing_imperial_and_metric_units_of_measurement.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Canadian_canned_food_labels_showing_imperial_and_metric_units_of_measurement.jpg/440px-Canadian_canned_food_labels_showing_imperial_and_metric_units_of_measurement.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1162" data-file-height="290" /></a><figcaption>Imperial and metric measurements on Canadian canned goods labels. The imperial measurements often take precedence over the metric ones on labels.</figcaption></figure> During the 1970s, the metric system and SI units were introduced in Canada to replace the imperial system. Within the government, efforts to implement the metric system were extensive; almost any agency, institution, or function provided by the government uses SI units exclusively. Imperial units were eliminated from all public road signs and both systems of measurement will still be found on privately owned signs, such as the height warnings at the entrance of a <a href="/wiki/Multi-storey_car_park" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-storey car park">parkade</a>. In the 1980s, momentum to fully convert to the metric system stalled when the government of <a href="/wiki/Brian_Mulroney" title="Brian Mulroney">Brian Mulroney</a> was elected. There was heavy opposition to metrication and as a compromise the government maintains legal definitions for and allows use of imperial units as long as metric units are shown as well.<a href="#cite_note-56">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[56]</a> The law requires that measured products (such as fuel and meat) be priced in metric units and an imperial price can be shown if a metric price is present.<a href="#cite_note-Canadian_compromise-60">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-Livre-61">[58]</a> There tends to be leniency in regards to fruits and vegetables being priced in imperial units only. <a href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</a> still offers an imperial unit option beside metric units, even though weather is typically measured and reported in metric units in the Canadian media. Some radio stations near the United States border (such as <a href="/wiki/CIMX" class="mw-redirect" title="CIMX">CIMX</a> and <a href="/wiki/CIDR-FM" title="CIDR-FM">CIDR</a>) primarily use imperial units to report the weather. Railways in Canada also continue to use imperial units. Imperial units are still used in ordinary conversation. Today, Canadians typically use a mix of metric and imperial measurements in their daily lives. The use of the metric and imperial systems varies by age. The older generation mostly uses the imperial system, while the younger generation more often uses the metric system. <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> has implemented metrication more fully. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Newborns are measured in SI at hospitals, but the birth weight and length is also announced to family and friends in imperial units. Drivers' licences use SI units, though many English-speaking Canadians give their height and weight in imperial. In livestock auction markets, cattle are sold in dollars per <a href="/wiki/Hundredweight" title="Hundredweight">hundredweight</a> (short), whereas hogs are sold in dollars per hundred kilograms. Imperial units still dominate in recipes, construction, house renovation and gardening.<a href="#cite_note-62">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[63]</a> Land is now surveyed and registered in metric units whilst initial surveys used imperial units. For example, partitioning of farmland on the prairies in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was done in imperial units; this accounts for imperial units of distance and area retaining wide use in the <a href="/wiki/Prairie_Provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="Prairie Provinces">Prairie Provinces</a>. In English-speaking Canada commercial and residential spaces are mostly (but not exclusively) constructed using square feet, while in French-speaking Quebec commercial and residential spaces are constructed in metres and advertised using both square metres and square feet as equivalents. Carpet or flooring tile is purchased by the square foot, but less frequently also in square metres.<a href="#cite_note-67">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[65]</a> Motor-vehicle fuel consumption is reported in both litres per 100 km and statute miles per imperial gallon,<a href="#cite_note-69">[66]</a> leading to the erroneous impression that Canadian vehicles are 20% more fuel-efficient than their apparently identical American counterparts for which fuel economy is reported in statute miles per US gallon (neither country specifies which gallon is used). Canadian railways maintain exclusive use of imperial measurements to describe train length (feet), train height (feet), capacity (<a href="/wiki/Short_ton" title="Short ton">tons</a>), speed (mph), and trackage (miles).<a href="#cite_note-70">[67]</a> Imperial units also retain common use in firearms and ammunition. Imperial measures are still used in the description of cartridge types, even when the cartridge is of relatively recent invention (e.g., <a href="/wiki/.204_Ruger" title=".204 Ruger">.204 Ruger</a>, <a href="/wiki/.17_HMR" title=".17 HMR">.17 HMR</a>, where the calibre is expressed in decimal fractions of an inch). Ammunition that is already classified in metric is still kept metric (e.g., <a href="/wiki/9%C3%9719mm" class="mw-redirect" title="9×19mm">9×19mm</a>). In the manufacture of ammunition, bullet and powder weights are expressed in terms of <a href="/wiki/Grain_(measure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grain (measure)">grains</a> for both metric and imperial cartridges. In keeping with the international standard, air navigation is based on nautical units, e.g., the nautical mile, which is neither imperial nor metric, and altitude is measured in imperial feet.<a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_units&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Australia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Metrication_in_Australia" title="Metrication in Australia">Metrication in Australia</a></div> While metrication in Australia has largely ended the official use of imperial units, for particular measurements, international use of imperial units is still followed. <ul><li>In licensed venues, draught beer and cider is sold in glasses and jugs with <a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Australia#Sizes" title="Beer in Australia">sizes</a> based on the imperial fluid ounce, though rounded to the nearest 5 mL.</li> <li>Newborns are measured in metric at hospitals, but the birth weight and length is sometimes also announced to family and friends in imperial units.</li> <li>Screen sizes, are frequently described in inches instead of or as well as centimetres.</li> <li>Property size is infrequently described in acres, but is mostly as square metres or <a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">hectares</a>.</li> <li>Marine navigation is done in nautical miles, and water-based speed limits are in nautical miles per hour.</li> <li>Historical writing and presentations may include pre-metric units to reflect the context of the era represented.</li> <li>The illicit drug trade in Australia still often uses imperial measurements, particularly when dealing with smaller amounts closer to end user levels e.g. "8-ball" an 8th of an ounce or 3.5 g; cannabis is often traded in ounces ("oz") and pounds ("p")[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Firearm barrel length are almost always referred by in inches, ammunition is also still measured in grains and ounces as well as grams.</li> <li>A persons height is frequently and informally described in feet and inches, but on official records is described in metres.</li></ul> The influence of British and American culture in Australia has been noted to be a cause for residual use of imperial units of measure. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_units&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: New Zealand">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Metrication_in_New_Zealand" title="Metrication in New Zealand">Metrication in New Zealand</a></div> New Zealand introduced the metric system on 15 December 1976.<a href="#cite_note-72">[69]</a> Aviation was exempt, with altitude and airport elevation continuing to be measured in feet whilst navigation is done in <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nautical miles</a>; all other aspects (fuel quantity, aircraft weight, runway length, etc.) use metric units. Screen sizes for devices such as televisions, monitors and phones, and wheel rim sizes for vehicles, are stated in inches, as is the convention in the rest of the world - and a 1992 study found a continued use of imperial units for birth weight and human height alongside metric units.<a href="#cite_note-73">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_units&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ireland">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Metrication_in_Ireland" title="Metrication in Ireland">Metrication in Ireland</a></div> Ireland has officially changed over to the metric system since entering the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, with distances on new road signs being metric since 1997 and speed limits being metric since 2005. The imperial system remains in limited use – for sales of beer in pubs (traditionally sold by the pint). All other goods are required by law to be sold in metric units with traditional quantities being retained for goods like butter and sausages, which are sold in 454 grams (1 lb) packaging. The majority of cars sold pre-2005 feature speedometers with miles per hour as the primary unit, but with a kilometres per hour display. Often signs such as those for bridge height can display both metric and imperial units. Imperial measurements continue to be used colloquially by the general population especially with height and distance measurements such as feet, inches, and acres as well as for weight with pounds and stones still in common use among people of all ages. Measurements such as yards have fallen out of favour with younger generations. Ireland's railways still use imperial measurements for distances and speed signage.<a href="#cite_note-74">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[72]</a> Property is usually listed in square feet as well as metres also. Horse racing in Ireland still continues to use stones, pounds, miles and furlongs as measurements.<a href="#cite_note-76">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bahamas">Bahamas</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_units&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bahamas">edit</a>]</div> Imperial measurements remain in general use in the <a href="/wiki/Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a>. Legally, both the imperial and metric systems are recognised by the Weights and Measures Act 2006.<a href="#cite_note-77">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belize">Belize</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_units&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Belize">edit</a>]</div> Both imperial units and metric units are used in <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a>. Both systems are legally recognized by the National Metrology Act.<a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Myanmar">Myanmar</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_units&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Myanmar">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Myanmar_units_of_measurement" title="Myanmar units of measurement">Myanmar units of measurement</a></div> According to the CIA, in June 2009, Myanmar was one of three countries that had not adopted the <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">SI metric system</a> as their official system of weights and measures.<a href="#cite_note-79">[76]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>] Metrication efforts began in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-80">[77]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Myanmar">Burmese government</a> set a goal to metricate by 2019, which was not met, with the help of the <a href="/wiki/Physikalisch-Technische_Bundesanstalt" title="Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt">German National Metrology Institute</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_countries">Other countries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_units&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Other countries">edit</a>]</div> Some imperial measurements remain in limited use in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>. Measurements in feet and inches, especially for a person's height, are frequently encountered in conversation and non-governmental publications. Prior to metrication, it was a common practice in Malaysia for people to refer to unnamed locations and small settlements along major roads by referring to how many miles the said locations were from the nearest major town. In some cases, these eventually became the official names of the locations; in other cases, such names have been largely or completely superseded by new names. An example of the former is Batu 32 (literally "Mile 32" in <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>), which refers to the area surrounding the intersection between <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Federal_Route_22" title="Malaysia Federal Route 22">Federal Route 22</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Tamparuli" title="Tamparuli">Tamparuli</a>-<a href="/wiki/Sandakan" title="Sandakan">Sandakan</a> highway) and <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Federal_Route_13" title="Malaysia Federal Route 13">Federal Route 13</a> (the Sandakan-<a href="/wiki/Tawau" title="Tawau">Tawau</a> highway). The area is so named because it is 32 miles west of Sandakan, the nearest major town. Petrol is still sold by the imperial gallon in <a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Kitts_and_Nevis" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Kitts and Nevis">St Kitts and Nevis</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Vincent and the Grenadines">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> Cabinet in 2009 issued the Decree No. (270 / 3) specifying that, from 1 January 2010, the new unit sale price for petrol will be the litre and not the gallon, which was in line with the UAE Cabinet Decision No. 31 of 2006 on the national system of measurement, which mandates the use of International System of units as a basis for the legal units of measurement in the country.<a href="#cite_note-gas7-82">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-gas5-84">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[82]</a> Sierra Leone switched to selling fuel by the litre in May 2011.<a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a> In October 2011, the Antigua and Barbuda government announced the re-launch of the Metrication Programme in accordance with the Metrology Act 2007, which established the International System of Units as the legal system of units. The Antigua and Barbuda government has committed to a full conversion from the imperial system by the first quarter of 2015.<a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_units&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acre-foot" title="Acre-foot">Acre-foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_foot" title="Board foot">Board foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_the_imperial_and_US_customary_measurement_systems" title="Comparison of the imperial and US customary measurement systems">Comparison of the imperial and US customary measurement systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_units" title="Conversion of units">Conversion of units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking_weights_and_measures" title="Cooking weights and measures">Cooking weights and measures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cord_(volume)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cord (volume)">Cord (volume)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_measurement" title="History of measurement">History of measurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrication" title="Metrication">Metrication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Systems of measurement">Systems of measurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_of_measurement" title="Unit of measurement">Unit of measurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C2%A3sd" title="£sd">£sd</a> (L.s.d.)</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_units&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> 10 pounds = 4535.9237 grams. @ 0.998859 g/mL => 4546.092 mL </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> References for the <a href="#British_apothecaries'_volume_measures">Table of British apothecaries' volume units</a>: Unit column;<a href="#cite_note-RoyalCollege1850-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-NIST-26">[25]</a>: C-7 <a href="#cite_note-Rowlett2001-27">[26]</a> Symbols & abbreviations column;<a href="#cite_note-Zentz2010-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Boyer2009-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-RoyalCollege1850-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-NIST-26">[25]</a>: C-5, C-17–C-18 <a href="#cite_note-Rowlett2001-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-Buchholz2009-28">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-PickarEtAl2012-29">[28]</a> Relative to previous column;<a href="#cite_note-RoyalCollege1850-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-NIST-26">[25]</a>: C-7  Exact metric value column – fluid ounce, pint and gallon,<a href="#cite_note-UnitsOfMeasurementRegulations1995-30">[29]</a> all other values calculated using value for fluid ounce and the Relative to previous column's values. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_units&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Publishing2010-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Publishing2010_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBritannica_Educational_Publishing2010" class="citation book cs1">Britannica Educational Publishing (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cuN7rH6RzikC&pg=PA241">The Britannica Guide to Numbers and Measurement</a>. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 241. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61530-218-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61530-218-5"><bdi>978-1-61530-218-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114131616/https://books.google.com/books?id=cuN7rH6RzikC&pg=PA241">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Britannica+Guide+to+Numbers+and+Measurement&rft.pages=241&rft.pub=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-61530-218-5&rft.au=Britannica+Educational+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcuN7rH6RzikC%26pg%3DPA241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaney,_Henry_James1897" class="citation book cs1">Chaney, Henry James (1897). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ourweightsandme00changoog">A Practical Treatise on the Standard Weights and Measures in Use in the British Empire with some account of the metric system</a>. Eyre and Spottiswoode. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ourweightsandme00changoog/page/n11">3</a>. Retrieved 11 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Practical+Treatise+on+the+Standard+Weights+and+Measures+in+Use+in+the+British+Empire+with+some+account+of+the+metric+system&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Eyre+and+Spottiswoode&rft.date=1897&rft.au=Chaney%2C+Henry+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fourweightsandme00changoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1985/72">"Weights and Measures Act 1985"</a>. legislation.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220102140420/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1985/72">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Weights+and+Measures+Act+1985&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1985%2F72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-google339-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-google339_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-google339_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-google339_4-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreat_Britain1824" class="citation book cs1">Great Britain (1824). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/statutesunitedk02britgoog">The statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1807-1865)</a>. His Majesty's statute and law printers. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/statutesunitedk02britgoog/page/n373">339</a>–354. Retrieved 31 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+statutes+of+the+United+Kingdom+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland+%281807-1865%29&rft.pages=339-354&rft.pub=His+Majesty%27s+statute+and+law+printers&rft.date=1824&rft.au=Great+Britain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstatutesunitedk02britgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreat_BritainWilliam_David_EvansAnthony_HammondThomas_Colpitts_Granger1836" class="citation book cs1">Great Britain; <a href="/wiki/William_David_Evans" title="William David Evans">William David Evans</a>; Anthony Hammond; Thomas Colpitts Granger (1836). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/acollectionstat08evangoog">A collection of statutes connected with the general administration of the law: arranged according to the order of subjects</a>. W. H. Bond. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/acollectionstat08evangoog/page/n397">306</a>–27. Retrieved 31 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+collection+of+statutes+connected+with+the+general+administration+of+the+law%3A+arranged+according+to+the+order+of+subjects&rft.pages=306-27&rft.pub=W.+H.+Bond&rft.date=1836&rft.au=Great+Britain&rft.au=William+David+Evans&rft.au=Anthony+Hammond&rft.au=Thomas+Colpitts+Granger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Facollectionstat08evangoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Edinburgh_medical_and_surgical_journal-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Edinburgh_medical_and_surgical_journal_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DwUbAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA398">Edinburgh medical and surgical journal</a>. A. and C. Black. 1824. p. 398.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edinburgh+medical+and+surgical+journal&rft.pages=398&rft.pub=A.+and+C.+Black&rft.date=1824&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDwUbAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA398&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IrelandButler1765-7"><a href="#cite_ref-IrelandButler1765_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrelandButlerBall1765" class="citation book cs1">Ireland; Butler, James Goddard; Ball, William (barrister.) (1765). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iIdRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA852">The Statutes at Large, Passed in the Parliaments Held in Ireland: From the twenty-third year of George the Second, A.D. 1749, to the first year of George the Third, A.D. 1761 inclusive</a>. Boulter Grierson. p. 852.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Statutes+at+Large%2C+Passed+in+the+Parliaments+Held+in+Ireland%3A+From+the+twenty-third+year+of+George+the+Second%2C+A.D.+1749%2C+to+the+first+year+of+George+the+Third%2C+A.D.+1761+inclusive&rft.pages=852&rft.pub=Boulter+Grierson&rft.date=1765&rft.au=Ireland&rft.au=Butler%2C+James+Goddard&rft.au=Ball%2C+William+%28barrister.%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiIdRAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA852&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gray1836-8"><a href="#cite_ref-Gray1836_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray1836" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Frederick_Gray" title="Samuel Frederick Gray">Gray, Samuel Frederick</a> (1836). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/supplementtophar00grayuoft">A supplement to the Pharmacopœia and treatise on pharmacology in general: including not only the drugs and preparations used by practitioners of medicine, but also most of those employed in the chemical arts : together with a collection of the most useful medical formulæ ...</a> Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/supplementtophar00grayuoft/page/516">516</a>. Retrieved 29 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+supplement+to+the+Pharmacop%C5%93ia+and+treatise+on+pharmacology+in+general%3A+including+not+only+the+drugs+and+preparations+used+by+practitioners+of+medicine%2C+but+also+most+of+those+employed+in+the+chemical+arts+%3A+together+with+a+collection+of+the+most+useful+medical+formul%C3%A6+...&rft.pages=516&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Rees%2C+Orme%2C+Brown%2C+Green%2C+and+Longman&rft.date=1836&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Samuel+Frederick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsupplementtophar00grayuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/atranslationpha01philgoog#page/n19/mode/2up">"A Translation of the Pharmacopoeia of the Royal College of Physicians of London, 1836.: With ..."</a> S. Highley, 32, Fleet Street. 1837.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Translation+of+the+Pharmacopoeia+of+the+Royal+College+of+Physicians+of+London%2C+1836.%3A+With+...&rft.pub=S.+Highley%2C+32%2C+Fleet+Street.&rft.date=1837&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fatranslationpha01philgoog%23page%2Fn19%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Pharmacopoeia_of_the_Royal_College_of_Physicians_of_Edinburgh-10"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Pharmacopoeia_of_the_Royal_College_of_Physicians_of_Edinburgh_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sTjY2_xKm9UC&pg=PR13">The Pharmacopoeia of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh</a>. Adam and Charles Black and Bell and Bradfute. 1839. pp. xiii–xiv.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pharmacopoeia+of+the+Royal+College+of+Physicians+of+Edinburgh&rft.pages=xiii-xiv&rft.pub=Adam+and+Charles+Black+and+Bell+and+Bradfute&rft.date=1839&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsTjY2_xKm9UC%26pg%3DPR13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DublinIreland1850-11"><a href="#cite_ref-DublinIreland1850_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoyal_College_of_Physicians_of_DublinRoyal_College_of_Physicians_of_Ireland1850" class="citation book cs1">Royal College of Physicians of Dublin; <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Physicians_of_Ireland" title="Royal College of Physicians of Ireland">Royal College of Physicians of Ireland</a> (1850). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pharmacopiaking00dublgoog">The pharmacopœia of the King and queen's college of physicians in Ireland</a>. Hodges and Smith. p. xxii. Retrieved 29 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+pharmacop%C5%93ia+of+the+King+and+queen%27s+college+of+physicians+in+Ireland&rft.pages=xxii&rft.pub=Hodges+and+Smith&rft.date=1850&rft.au=Royal+College+of+Physicians+of+Dublin&rft.au=Royal+College+of+Physicians+of+Ireland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpharmacopiaking00dublgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britain1858-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Britain1858_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreat_Britain1858" class="citation book cs1">Great Britain (1858). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rkovAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA306">A collection of the public general statutes passed in the ... year of the reign of ...</a> Printed by G. W. Eyre and W. Spottiswoode, Printers to the Queen. p. 306.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+collection+of+the+public+general+statutes+passed+in+the+...+year+of+the+reign+of+...&rft.pages=306&rft.pub=Printed+by+G.+W.+Eyre+and+W.+Spottiswoode%2C+Printers+to+the+Queen&rft.date=1858&rft.au=Great+Britain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrkovAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA306&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Sears et al. 1928. Phil Trans A, 227:281. </li> <li id="cite_note-jerrard-14"><a href="#cite_ref-jerrard_14-0">^</a> Jerrard and McNeill, Dictionary of Scientific Units, second edition, Chapman and Hall; cites first appearance in print in Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers (G.B.) vol. 1, page 246 (1872). </li> <li id="cite_note-fath-15"><a href="#cite_ref-fath_15-0">^</a> The exact figure was 6.08 ft, but 6 ft was in use in practice. The commonly accepted definition of a fathom was always 6 feet. The conflict was inconsequential, as Admiralty nautical charts designated depths shallower than 5 fathoms in feet on older imperial charts. Today, all charts worldwide are metric, except for USA Hydrographic Office charts, which use feet for all depth ranges. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nautical mile</a> was not readily expressible in terms of any of the intermediate units, because it was derived from the circumference of the Earth (like the original metre). </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061126120208/http://ts.nist.gov/WeightsAndMeasures/Publications/upload/h4402_appenc.pdf">"Appendix C: General Tables of Units of Measurements"</a> (PDF). NIST. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ts.nist.gov/WeightsAndMeasures/Publications/upload/h4402_appenc.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 26 November 2006. Retrieved 4 January 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Appendix+C%3A+General+Tables+of+Units+of+Measurements&rft.pub=NIST&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fts.nist.gov%2FWeightsAndMeasures%2FPublications%2Fupload%2Fh4402_appenc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1824Act-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1824Act_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1824Act_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1824Act_18-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1824/74/pdfs/ukpga_18240074_en.pdf">"An Act for ascertaining and establishing Uniformity of Weights and Measures (17 June 1824)"</a> (PDF). legislation.gov.uk. 17 June 1824. p. 639,640. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200720182949/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1824/74/pdfs/ukpga_18240074_en.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 20 July 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020. <q>Two such Gallons shall be a Peck, and Eight such Gallons shall be a Bushel, and Eight such Bushels a Quarter of Corn or other dry Goods, not measured by Heaped Measure.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=An+Act+for+ascertaining+and+establishing+Uniformity+of+Weights+and+Measures+%2817+June+1824%29&rft.pages=639%2C640&rft.date=1824-06-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1824%2F74%2Fpdfs%2Fukpga_18240074_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988">. (The date of coming into effect was 1 May 1825). </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sizes.com/units/gallon_imperial.htm">imperial gallon</a>. Sizes.com. 25 October 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514101804/http://www.sizes.com/units/gallon_imperial.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 10 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=imperial+gallon&rft.pub=Sizes.com&rft.date=2013-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sizes.com%2Funits%2Fgallon_imperial.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1970/1897/introduction/made">"The Weights and Measures (Equivalents for dealings with drugs) Regulations 1970"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130620141325/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1970/1897/introduction/made">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Weights+and+Measures+%28Equivalents+for+dealings+with+drugs%29+Regulations+1970&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F1970%2F1897%2Fintroduction%2Fmade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rpharms.com/Portals/0/MuseumLearningResources/11%20Balances%20Weights%20and%20Measures.pdf">"Information Sheet: 11: Balances, Weights and Measures"</a> (PDF). Royal Pharmaceutical Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220520094140/https://www.rpharms.com/Portals/0/MuseumLearningResources/11%20Balances%20Weights%20and%20Measures.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 20 May 2022. 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(2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PvriGp6ZEhMC&pg=PA7">"Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Math – Apothecary System"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PvriGp6ZEhMC">Math for Pharmacy Technicians</a>. Sudbury, MA: <a href="/wiki/Jones_%26_Bartlett_Learning" title="Jones & Bartlett Learning">Jones & Bartlett Learning</a>. pp. 7–8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7637-5961-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7637-5961-2"><bdi>978-0-7637-5961-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/421360709">421360709</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114131618/https://books.google.com/books?id=PvriGp6ZEhMC">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2023. 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Philadelphia, PA: <a href="/wiki/Wolters_Kluwer_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolters Kluwer Health">Wolters Kluwer Health</a> | <a href="/wiki/Lippincott_Williams_%26_Wilkins" title="Lippincott Williams & Wilkins">Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</a>. pp. 108–9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7817-6335-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7817-6335-6"><bdi>978-0-7817-6335-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/181600928">181600928</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114131618/https://books.google.com/books?id=FCfCGwqNt4QC">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2023. 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Dublin: Hodges and Smith. p. xlvi. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015069402942">2027/mdp.39015069402942</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/599509441">599509441</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Weights+and+Measures&rft.btitle=The+Pharmacop%C5%93ia+of+the+King+and+Queen%27s+College+of+Physicians+in+Ireland&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pages=xlvi&rft.pub=Hodges+and+Smith&rft.date=1850&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015069402942&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F599509441&rft.au=Royal+College+of+Physicians+of+Dublin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NIST-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NIST_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIST_26-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIST_26-2">c</a> National Institute of Standards and Technology (October 2011). Butcher, Tina; Cook, Steve; Crown, Linda et al. eds. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/pml/wmd/pubs/upload/AppC-12-hb44-final.pdf">"Appendix C – General Tables of Units of Measurement"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160617040949/http://www.nist.gov/pml/wmd/pubs/upload/AppC-12-hb44-final.pdf">Archived</a> 17 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/sp811.pdf">Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160603203340/http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/sp811.pdf">Archived</a> 3 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. NIST Handbook. 44 (2012 ed.). Washington, D.C.: US Department of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/issn/0271-4027">0271-4027</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221225104227/https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0271-4027">Archived</a> 25 December 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58927093">58927093</a>. 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Retrieved 6 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=How+Many%3F+A+Dictionary+of+Units+of+Measurement&rft.atitle=F&rft.pages=fluid+dram+or+fluidram+%28fl+dr%29&rft.date=2001-09-13&rft.aulast=Rowlett&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unc.edu%2F~rowlett%2Funits%2FdictF.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buchholz2009-28"><a href="#cite_ref-Buchholz2009_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuchholzHenke2009" class="citation book cs1">Buchholz, Susan; Henke, Grace (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZlKqGHGNrtIC&pg=PA55">"Chapter 3: Metric, Apothecary, and Household Systems of Measurement – Table 3-1: Apothecary Abbreviations"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZlKqGHGNrtIC">Henke's Med-Math: Dosage Calculation, Preparation and Administration</a> (6th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: <a href="/wiki/Wolters_Kluwer_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolters Kluwer Health">Wolters Kluwer Health</a> | <a href="/wiki/Lippincott_Williams_%26_Wilkins" title="Lippincott Williams & Wilkins">Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</a>. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7817-7628-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7817-7628-8"><bdi>978-0-7817-7628-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/181600929">181600929</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114131618/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZlKqGHGNrtIC">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2023. 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Toronto: Nelson Education. p. 528. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-17-650259-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-17-650259-1"><bdi>978-0-17-650259-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/693657704">693657704</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114131618/https://books.google.com/books?id=wFEsup6KhuQC">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2023. 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London: <a href="/wiki/HMSO" class="mw-redirect" title="HMSO">HMSO</a>. Schedule: Relevant Imperial Units, Corresponding Metric Units and Metric Equivalents. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-11-053334-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-11-053334-6"><bdi>978-0-11-053334-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/33237616">33237616</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211219163507/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1995/1804/made">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2021. 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Retrieved 25 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oxforddictionaries.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+stone+in+English+from+the+Oxford+dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2Fstone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/foods-materials-bulk-density-d_1819.html">"Bulk densities of some common food products"</a>. engineeringtoolbox.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200705195715/https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/foods-materials-bulk-density-d_1819.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=engineeringtoolbox.com&rft.atitle=Bulk+densities+of+some+common+food+products&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engineeringtoolbox.com%2Ffoods-materials-bulk-density-d_1819.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> The density of wheat is 0.770, and 291*0.770=224 kilograms (494 lb). </li> <li id="cite_note-justice1-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-justice1_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-justice1_39-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/W-6/page-15.html/">Weights and Measures Act</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121016084035/http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/W-6/page-15.html/">Archived</a> 16 October 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=Slug&a=*C.Slug-_*Unit-">"Wolfram-Alpha: Computational Knowledge Engine"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114132639/https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=Slug&a=%2AC.Slug-_%2AUnit-">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wolfram-Alpha%3A+Computational+Knowledge+Engine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wolframalpha.com%2Finput%2F%3Fi%3DSlug%26a%3D%2AC.Slug-_%2AUnit-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCNews_December_2011-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBCNews_December_2011_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBCNews_December_2011_41-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly2011" class="citation news cs1">Kelly, Jon (21 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-16245391">"Will British people ever think in metric?"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120424232814/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-16245391">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2017. <q>...but today the British remain unique in Europe by holding onto imperial weights and measures. ...the persistent British preference for imperial over metric is particularly noteworthy...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Will+British+people+ever+think+in+metric%3F&rft.date=2011-12-21&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-16245391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCNews_November_2014-42"><a href="#cite_ref-BBCNews_November_2014_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-29965935">"Height and width road signs to display metric and imperial"</a>. BBC. 8 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170226222752/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-29965935">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2017. Retrieved 26 February 2017. <q>New road signs showing height and width restrictions will use both metric and imperial measurements from March 2015....Road signs for bridges, tunnels and narrow roads can currently show measurements in just feet and inches or only metres. Some already display both.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Height+and+width+road+signs+to+display+metric+and+imperial&rft.date=2014-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-29965935&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMbeer-43"><a href="#cite_ref-WMbeer_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720114311/http://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?type=RESOURCES&itemId=1073792198">"BusinessLink: Weights and measures: Rules for pubs, restaurants and cafes"</a>. Department for Business, Innovation & Skills. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?type=RESOURCES&itemId=1073792198">the original</a> (online) on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 24 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BusinessLink%3A+Weights+and+measures%3A+Rules+for+pubs%2C+restaurants+and+cafes&rft.pub=Department+for+Business%2C+Innovation+%26+Skills&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesslink.gov.uk%2Fbdotg%2Faction%2Fdetail%3Ftype%3DRESOURCES%26itemId%3D1073792198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMroads-44"><a href="#cite_ref-WMroads_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bwmaonline.com/Transport%20-%20DfT%20memo.htm">"Department for Transport statement on metric road signs"</a> (online). 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London. 1 December 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170919233902/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/dec/01/comment.britishidentity">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=In+praise+of+...+metric+measurements&rft.date=2006-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2006%2Fdec%2F01%2Fcomment.britishidentity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2021" class="citation web cs1">King, Max (15 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://moneyweek.com/economy/uk-economy/602705/decimalisation-britains-new-pence-turn-50-years-old">"Decimalisation: Britain's "new pence" turn 50 years old"</a>. MoneyWeek. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515143311/https://moneyweek.com/economy/uk-economy/602705/decimalisation-britains-new-pence-turn-50-years-old">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 8 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MoneyWeek&rft.atitle=Decimalisation%3A+Britain%27s+%22new+pence%22+turn+50+years+old&rft.date=2021-02-15&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoneyweek.com%2Feconomy%2Fuk-economy%2F602705%2Fdecimalisation-britains-new-pence-turn-50-years-old&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhs.uk/Tools/Documents/BMI%20Healthy%20weight%20calculator.htm">"BMI healthy weight calculator"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160119013839/http://www.nhs.uk/Tools/Documents/BMI%20Healthy%20weight%20calculator.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BMI+healthy+weight+calculator&rft.pub=National+Health+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhs.uk%2FTools%2FDocuments%2FBMI%2520Healthy%2520weight%2520calculator.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDahlgreen2015" class="citation web cs1">Dahlgreen, Will (20 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yougov.co.uk/news/2015/06/20/britains-metric-muddle/">"Britain's metric muddle not changing any time soon"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171030003336/https://yougov.co.uk/news/2015/06/20/britains-metric-muddle/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017. <q>even today [2015] some 18-24-year-olds still do not know how much they weigh in kilograms (60%) or how tall they are in metres and centimetres (54%).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Britain%27s+metric+muddle+not+changing+any+time+soon&rft.date=2015-06-20&rft.aulast=Dahlgreen&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyougov.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2015%2F06%2F20%2Fbritains-metric-muddle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d25d2506sfb94s.cloudfront.net/cumulus_uploads/document/vsi5u7fi74/InternalResults_150609_systems_of_measurement_Website.pdf">"YouGov Survey Results"</a> (PDF). 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171030003559/https://d25d2506sfb94s.cloudfront.net/cumulus_uploads/document/vsi5u7fi74/InternalResults_150609_systems_of_measurement_Website.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 30 October 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=YouGov+Survey+Results&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fd25d2506sfb94s.cloudfront.net%2Fcumulus_uploads%2Fdocument%2Fvsi5u7fi74%2FInternalResults_150609_systems_of_measurement_Website.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/weights-measures-and-packaging-the-law/specified-quantities">"Weights and measures: the law"</a>. gov.uk. 7 April 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151002115839/https://www.gov.uk/weights-measures-and-packaging-the-law/specified-quantities">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.uk&rft.atitle=Weights+and+measures%3A+the+law&rft.date=2020-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fweights-measures-and-packaging-the-law%2Fspecified-quantities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-legislation_20093045-51"><a href="#cite_ref-legislation_20093045_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2009/3045/pdfs/uksiem_20093045_en.pdf">"Explanatory memorandum to The weights and measures (metrication amendments) regulations 2009"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">Legislation.gov.uk</a>. 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210304074504/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2009/3045/pdfs/uksiem_20093045_en.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 3 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Explanatory+memorandum+to+The+weights+and+measures+%28metrication+amendments%29+regulations+2009&rft.pub=Legislation.gov.uk&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F2009%2F3045%2Fpdfs%2Fuksiem_20093045_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> See paragraph 7.4. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/guidance/gas-meter-readings-and-bill-calculation">"Gas meter readings and bill calculation"</a>. gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220171928/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/gas-meter-readings-and-bill-calculation">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2016. 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Retrieved 23 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CARIBARENA+Antigua&rft.atitle=Minister+Lovell+Addresses+Metric+Conversions&rft.date=2011-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caribarena.com%2Fantigua%2Fnews%2Feconomy%2F98673-minister-lovell-addresses-metric-conversions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_sources">General sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_units&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: General sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Appendices B and C of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050403211923/http://ts.nist.gov/ts/htdocs/230/235/h442003.htm">NIST Handbook 44</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompsonTaylor2010" class="citation web cs1">Thompson, A.; Taylor, Barry N. (5 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100216211152/http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/">"The NIST guide for the use of the international system of units"</a>. NIST. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/">the original</a> on 16 February 2010. Retrieved 15 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+NIST+guide+for+the+use+of+the+international+system+of+units&rft.pub=NIST&rft.date=2010-10-05&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Barry+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphysics.nist.gov%2FPubs%2FSP811%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+units" class="Z3988"> Also available as a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/sp811.pdf">PDF file</a>.</li> <li>6 George IV chapter 12, 1825 (statute)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_units&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:British_Imperial_units" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:British Imperial units">British Imperial units</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bwma.org.uk">British Weights And Measures Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070224102425/http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/ShowFullDoc/cs/W-6///en">Canada Weights and Measures Act 1970-71-72</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061126120208/http://ts.nist.gov/WeightsAndMeasures/Publications/upload/h4402_appenc.pdf">General table of units of measure – NIST – pdf</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/">How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181010153750/http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/">Archived</a> 10 October 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1995/1804">Statutory Instrument 1995 No. 1804</a> Units of Measurement Regulations 1995</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial_units" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial units"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Imperial_units" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Imperial units</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_the_imperial_and_US_customary_measurement_systems" title="Comparison of the imperial and US customary measurement systems">Comparison with US customary system</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Length</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twip" title="Twip">Twip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousandth_of_an_inch" title="Thousandth of an inch">Thousandth of an inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barleycorn_(unit)" title="Barleycorn (unit)">Barleycorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inch" title="Inch">Inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_(unit)" title="Hand (unit)">Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_(unit)" title="Link (unit)">Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yard" title="Yard">Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathom" title="Fathom">Fathom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_(unit)" title="Rod (unit)">Rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chain_(unit)" title="Chain (unit)">Chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunter%27s_chain" title="Gunter's chain">Gunter's chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furlong" title="Furlong">Furlong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_length" title="Cable length">Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile" title="Mile">Mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">Nautical mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_(unit)" title="League (unit)">League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Square_inch" title="Square inch">Square inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_foot" title="Square foot">Square foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_yard" title="Square yard">Square yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perch_(area)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perch (area)">Perch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rood_(unit)" title="Rood (unit)">Rood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acre" title="Acre">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_mile" title="Square mile">Square mile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Volume</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Derived</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_inch" title="Cubic inch">Cubic inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_foot" title="Cubic foot">Cubic foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoppus" title="Hoppus">Hoppus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_yard" title="Cubic yard">Cubic yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_mile" title="Cubic mile">Cubic mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tmcft" title="Tmcft">Tmcft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cooking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teaspoon" title="Teaspoon">Teaspoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablespoon" title="Tablespoon">Tablespoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluid_ounce" title="Fluid ounce">Fluid ounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cup_(unit)" title="Cup (unit)">Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pint" title="Pint">Pint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quart" title="Quart">Quart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_gallon" title="Trade gallon">Trade gallon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallon" title="Gallon">Gallon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaldron" title="Chaldron">Chaldron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minim_(unit)" title="Minim (unit)">Minim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_(unit)" title="Gill (unit)">Gill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scruple_(unit)" title="Scruple (unit)">Fluid Scruple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dram_(unit)" title="Dram (unit)">Fluid Drachm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peck" title="Peck">Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushel" title="Bushel">Bushel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel_(unit)" title="Barrel (unit)">Barrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuck_(unit)" title="Stuck (unit)">Stuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogshead" title="Hogshead">Hogshead</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miles_per_hour" title="Miles per hour">Miles per hour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mass</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grain_(unit)" title="Grain (unit)">Grain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dram_(unit)" title="Dram (unit)">Drachm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ounce" title="Ounce">Ounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_(mass)" title="Pound (mass)">Pound (mass)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_(unit)" title="Stone (unit)">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_(unit)" title="Quarter (unit)">Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slug_(unit)" title="Slug (unit)">Slug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_hundred" title="Long hundred">Long hundred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundredweight" title="Hundredweight">Hundredweight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_load" title="Ship load">Ship load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Ton" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Ton">Ton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pressure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ksi_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ksi (unit)">Ksi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pounds_per_square_inch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pounds per square inch">Pounds per square inch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other units and measures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_thermal_unit" title="British thermal unit">British thermal unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">Degree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">Fahrenheit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankine_scale" title="Rankine scale">Rankine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot-candle" title="Foot-candle">Foot-candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot-pound_(energy)" title="Foot-pound (energy)">Foot-pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot-poundal" title="Foot-poundal">Foot-poundal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">Horsepower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsepower-hour" title="Horsepower-hour">Horsepower-hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenning_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenning (unit)">Kenning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_(force)" title="Pound (force)">Pound (force)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound-foot_(torque)" title="Pound-foot (torque)">Pound-foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poundal" title="Poundal">Poundal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Span_(unit)" title="Span (unit)">Span</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_count" title="Spinning count">Spinning count</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avoirdupois_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Avoirdupois system">Avoirdupois system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_units" title="English units">English units</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_measure" title="Winchester measure">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchequer_Standards" title="Exchequer Standards">Exchequer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Engineering_units" class="mw-redirect" title="English Engineering units">English Engineering units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot%E2%80%93pound%E2%80%93second_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Foot–pound–second system">Foot–pound–second system (FPS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-foot_equivalent_unit" title="Twenty-foot equivalent unit">Twenty-foot equivalent unit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Systems_of_measurement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Systems_of_measurement" title="Template:Systems of measurement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Systems_of_measurement" title="Template talk:Systems of measurement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Systems_of_measurement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Systems of measurement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Systems_of_measurement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/System_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="System of measurement">Systems of measurement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">International System of Units (SI)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">UK imperial system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_customary_units" title="United States customary units">US customary units (USCS/USC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_units_of_measurement" title="Chinese units of measurement">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_units_of_measurement" title="Hong Kong units of measurement">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apothecaries%27_system" title="Apothecaries' system">Apothecaries'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoirdupois_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Avoirdupois system">Avoirdupois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy_weight" title="Troy weight">Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_system_of_units" title="Astronomical system of units">Astronomical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_electrical_unit" title="Conventional electrical unit">Electrical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Engineering_Units" title="English Engineering Units">English Engineering Units</a> (US)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Natural_units" title="Natural units">Natural</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_units" title="Atomic units">Atomic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geometrized_unit_system" title="Geometrized unit system">Geometrised</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaviside%E2%80%93Lorentz_units" title="Heaviside–Lorentz units">Heaviside–Lorentz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planck_units" title="Planck units">Planck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_units#Quantum_chromodynamics_units" title="Natural units">Quantum chromodynamical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoney_units" title="Stoney units">Stoney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Metric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metric_system" title="Metric system">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_metric_system" title="Outline of the metric system">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_metric_system" title="History of the metric system">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrication" title="Metrication">Metrication</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">UK/US</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_and_US_customary_measurement_systems" title="Imperial and US customary measurement systems">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_the_imperial_and_US_customary_measurement_systems" title="Comparison of the imperial and US customary measurement systems">Comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot%E2%80%93pound%E2%80%93second_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Foot–pound–second system">Foot–pound–second</a> (FPS)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Metric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MKS_system_of_units" class="mw-redirect" title="MKS system of units">metre–kilogram–second</a> (MKS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metre%E2%80%93tonne%E2%80%93second_system_of_units" title="Metre–tonne–second system of units">metre–tonne–second</a> (MTS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centimetre%E2%80%93gram%E2%80%93second_system_of_units" title="Centimetre–gram–second system of units">centimetre–gram–second</a> (CGS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_metric_system" title="Gravitational metric system">gravitational</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Cornish_units_of_measurement" title="Old Cornish units of measurement">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_units_of_measurement" title="Cypriot units of measurement">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_units_of_measurement" title="Czech units of measurement">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_units_of_measurement" title="Danish units of measurement">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_units_of_measurement" title="Dutch units of measurement">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_units" title="English units">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_measure" title="Winchester measure">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchequer_Standards" title="Exchequer Standards">Exchequer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_units_of_measurement" title="Estonian units of measurement">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_Finnish_units_of_measurement" title="Obsolete Finnish units of measurement">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_units_of_measurement" title="French units of measurement">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_French_units_of_measurement" title="Traditional French units of measurement">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesures_usuelles" title="Mesures usuelles">Mesures usuelles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_German_units_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Obsolete German units of measurement">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_units_of_measurement" title="Greek units of measurement">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_units_of_measurement" title="Byzantine units of measurement">Byzantine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_units_of_measurement" title="Hungarian units of measurement">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_units_of_measurement" title="Icelandic units of measurement">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Irish_units_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Irish units of measurement">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_units_of_measurement" title="Italian units of measurement">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_units_of_measurement" title="Latvian units of measurement">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgian_units_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourgian units of measurement">Luxembourgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_units_of_measurement" title="Maltese units of measurement">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_units_of_measurement" title="Norwegian units of measurement">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_units_of_measurement" title="Ottoman units of measurement">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_units_of_measurement" title="Polish units of measurement">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_units_of_measurement" title="Portuguese units of measurement">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_units_of_measurement" title="Romanian units of measurement">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_Russian_units_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Obsolete Russian units of measurement">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_units" title="Scottish units">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_Serbian_units_of_measurement" title="Obsolete Serbian units of measurement">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_units_of_measurement" title="Slovak units of measurement">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_units_of_measurement" title="Spanish units of measurement">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_units_of_measurement" title="Swedish units of measurement">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_units_of_measurement" title="Swiss units of measurement">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_units" title="Welsh units">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_units_of_measurement" title="Afghan units of measurement">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_units_of_measurement" title="Cambodian units of measurement">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_units_of_measurement" title="Indian units of measurement">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_units_of_measurement" title="Indonesian units of measurement">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_units_of_measurement" title="Japanese units of measurement">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_units_of_measurement" title="Korean units of measurement">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_units" title="Mongolian units">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_units_of_measurement" title="Myanmar units of measurement">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_customary_units_of_measurement" title="Nepalese customary units of measurement">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_units_of_measurement" title="Omani units of measurement">Omani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_measurement_systems_in_Pakistan" title="History of measurement systems in Pakistan">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_units_of_measurement" title="Philippine units of measurement">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abucco" title="Abucco">Pegu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_units_of_measurement" title="Singaporean units of measurement">Singaporean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_units_of_measurement" title="Sri Lankan units of measurement">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_units_of_measurement" title="Syrian units of measurement">Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_units_of_measurement" title="Taiwanese units of measurement">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_Tatar_units_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Obsolete Tatar units of measurement">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_units_of_measurement" title="Thai units of measurement">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_units_of_measurement" title="Vietnamese units of measurement">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_units_of_measurement" title="Algerian units of measurement">Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_units_of_measurement" title="Ethiopian units of measurement">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_units_of_measurement" title="Egyptian units of measurement">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_units_of_measurement" title="Eritrean units of measurement">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinean_units_of_measurement" title="Guinean units of measurement">Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_units_of_measurement" title="Libyan units of measurement">Libyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_units_of_measurement" title="Malagasy units of measurement">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_units_of_measurement" title="Mauritian units of measurement">Mauritian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_units_of_measurement" title="Moroccan units of measurement">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_units_of_measurement" title="Seychellois units of measurement">Seychellois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_units_of_measurement" title="Somali units of measurement">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_units_of_measurement" title="South African units of measurement">South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_units_of_measurement" title="Tunisian units of measurement">Tunisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_units_of_measurement" title="Tanzanian units of measurement">Tanzanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rican_units_of_measurement" title="Costa Rican units of measurement">Costa Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_units_of_measurement" title="Cuban units of measurement">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_units_of_measurement" title="Haitian units of measurement">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_units_of_measurement" title="Honduran units of measurement">Honduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_units_of_measurement" title="Mexican units of measurement">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_units_of_measurement" title="Nicaraguan units of measurement">Nicaraguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_units_of_measurement" title="Puerto Rican units of measurement">Puerto Rican</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_units_of_measurement" title="Argentine units of measurement">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_units_of_measurement" title="Bolivian units of measurement">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_units_of_measurement" title="Brazilian units of measurement">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_units_of_measurement" title="Chilean units of measurement">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_units_of_measurement" title="Colombian units of measurement">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_units_of_measurement" title="Paraguayan units of measurement">Paraguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_units_of_measurement" title="Peruvian units of measurement">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_units_of_measurement" title="Uruguayan units of measurement">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_units_of_measurement" title="Venezuelan units of measurement">Venezuelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Arabic_units_of_measurement" title="Ancient Arabic units of measurement">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_and_Talmudic_units_of_measurement" title="Biblical and Talmudic units of measurement">Biblical and Talmudic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_units_of_measurement" title="Ancient Egyptian units of measurement">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_units_of_measurement" title="Ancient Greek units of measurement">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_units_of_time" title="Hindu units of time">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_measurement_systems_in_India" title="History of measurement systems in India">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_units_of_measurement" title="Ancient Mesopotamian units of measurement">Mesopotamian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_units_of_measurement" title="Persian units of measurement">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_units_of_measurement" title="Ancient Roman units of measurement">Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">List articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_humorous_units_of_measurement" title="List of humorous units of measurement">Humorous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_obsolete_units_of_measurement" title="List of obsolete units of measurement">Obsolete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unusual_units_of_measurement" title="List of unusual units of measurement">Unusual</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_scale" title="Absolute scale">Absolute scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-body_units" title="N-body units">N-body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modulor" title="Modulor">Modulor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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