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<!DOCTYPE html> <HTML lang="en"> <HEAD> <TITLE>Earlier move, greater joy: Migration timing and subjective well-being among rural migrants in China</TITLE> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-Gn5384xqQ1aoWXA+058RXPxPg6fy4IWvTNh0E263XmFcJlSAwiGgFAW/dAiS6JXm" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/font-awesome.min.css">   <link href="/css/normalnew.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <link href="/css/pushy.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <link rel="icon" type="image.jpg" href="/favicon.ico">  <script type='text/javascript'> var captchaContainer = null; var loadCaptcha = function() { captchaContainer = grecaptcha.render('captcha_container', { 'sitekey' : '6LdQebIaAAAAACSKxvbloyrkQ_q-MqhOAGgD5PQV', 'callback' : function(response) { console.log(response); } }); }; </script> <META NAME="handle" CONTENT="RePEc:eee:ecmode:v:145:y:2025:i:c:s0264999325000069"><META NAME="DOI" CONTENT="10.1016/j.econmod.2025.107011"><META NAME="description" CONTENT="Downloadable (with restrictions)! This study examines the effects of migration timing on subjective well-being among rural migrants in China, offering new insights into how the age at migration influences long-term welfare. Using data from the China Labor-force Dynamic Survey, we exploit historical rainfall fluctuations as an exogenous shock to identify causal impacts. The results show that early migration significantly promotes adult migrants' happiness, overall life satisfaction, and family economic satisfaction, with findings remaining robust across various sensitivity tests. These positive effects are stronger for female migrants, older birth cohorts, and those moving from smaller cities to major cities. Our mechanisms analysis suggests that socioeconomic status, human capital, and social capital are potential channels through which early migrants achieve higher levels of subjective well-being compared to late migrants. Our study highlights the importance of promoting rural-to-urban migration and fostering an inclusive urban development environment to improve migrants’ welfare, particularly in major cities."> <META NAME="robots" content="NOARCHIVE"><META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="Migration timing; Early migration; Subjective well-being; Rural migrants; China"> <META NAME="jel_code" CONTENT=""> <META NAME="author" CONTENT="Zheng, Xiaodong & Zhou, Yanran"> <META NAME="author_shortid" CONTENT=""> <META NAME="title" CONTENT="Earlier move, greater joy: Migration timing and subjective well-being among rural migrants in China"> <META NAME="download" CONTENT="1"> <META NAME="freedownload" CONTENT="0"> <META NAME="date" CONTENT="2025-02-02"> <META NAME="citation_publication_date" CONTENT="2025"> <META NAME="citation_authors" content="Zheng, Xiaodong; Zhou, Yanran"> <META NAME="citation_title" content="Earlier move, greater joy: Migration timing and subjective well-being among rural migrants in China"> <META NAME="citation_abstract" content="This study examines the effects of migration timing on subjective well-being among rural migrants in China, offering new insights into how the age at migration influences long-term welfare. Using data from the China Labor-force Dynamic Survey, we exploit historical rainfall fluctuations as an exogenous shock to identify causal impacts. The results show that early migration significantly promotes adult migrants' happiness, overall life satisfaction, and family economic satisfaction, with findings remaining robust across various sensitivity tests. These positive effects are stronger for female migrants, older birth cohorts, and those moving from smaller cities to major cities. Our mechanisms analysis suggests that socioeconomic status, human capital, and social capital are potential channels through which early migrants achieve higher levels of subjective well-being compared to late migrants. Our study highlights the importance of promoting rural-to-urban migration and fostering an inclusive urban development environment to improve migrants’ welfare, particularly in major cities."> <META NAME="citation_publisher" content="Elsevier"> <META NAME="citation_journal_title" content="Economic Modelling"> <META NAME="citation_keywords" content="Migration timing; Early migration; Subjective well-being; Rural migrants; China"> <META NAME="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ecmode/v145y2025ics0264999325000069.html"> <META NAME="citation_abstract_pdf_url" content="https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ecmode/v145y2025ics0264999325000069.html"> <META NAME="redif-type" content="article"> <META NAME="citation_type" content="redif-article"> <META NAME="citation_year" content="2025"> <META NAME="citation_volume" content="145"> <META NAME="citation_issue" content="C"> <META NAME="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <META NAME="twitter:site" content="@repec_org"> <META NAME="twitter:title" content="Earlier move, greater joy: Migration timing and subjective well-being "> <META NAME="twitter:description" content="This study examines the effects of migration timing on subjective well-being among rural migrants in China, offering new insights into how the age at migration influences long-term welfare. 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Using data from the China Labor-force Dynamic Survey, we exploit historical rainfall fluctuations as an exogenous shock to identify causal impacts. The results show that early migration significantly promotes adult migrants' happiness, overall life satisfaction, and family economic satisfaction, with findings remaining robust across various sensitivity tests. These positive effects are stronger for female migrants, older birth cohorts, and those moving from smaller cities to major cities. Our mechanisms analysis suggests that socioeconomic status, human capital, and social capital are potential channels through which early migrants achieve higher levels of subjective well-being compared to late migrants. 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</div> </div> <div id="content-block"> <div id="title"> <h1>Earlier move, greater joy: Migration timing and subjective well-being among rural migrants in China</h1></div> <div> <ul class="nav nav-pills" id="myTab" role="tablist"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link active" id="author-abstract-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#author-abstract" role="tab" aria-controls="author-abstract" aria-selected="true">Author & abstract</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link download-tab" id="download-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#download" role="tab" aria-controls="download" aria-selected="false">Download</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" id="more-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#more" role="tab" aria-controls="more" aria-selected="false">Related works & more</a> </li>  <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" id="correct-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#correct" role="tab" aria-controls="correct" aria-selected="false">Corrections</a> </li> </ul> <div class="tab-content" id="myTabContent"> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="author-abstract" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="author-abstract-tab"> <h2>Author</h2> <div id="author-body"> <div id="authortable"> <div id="listed-authors">Listed: <ul id="authorlist"><li class="authorname">Zheng, Xiaodong</li> <li class="authorname">Zhou, Yanran</li> </ul></div><div id="registered-authors"> <a href="https://authors.repec.org/">Registered:</a> <ul id="authorregistered"></ul> </div> </div> </div> <h2 style="clear:left">Abstract</h2><div id="abstract-body">This study examines the effects of migration timing on subjective well-being among rural migrants in China, offering new insights into how the age at migration influences long-term welfare. Using data from the China Labor-force Dynamic Survey, we exploit historical rainfall fluctuations as an exogenous shock to identify causal impacts. The results show that early migration significantly promotes adult migrants' happiness, overall life satisfaction, and family economic satisfaction, with findings remaining robust across various sensitivity tests. These positive effects are stronger for female migrants, older birth cohorts, and those moving from smaller cities to major cities. Our mechanisms analysis suggests that socioeconomic status, human capital, and social capital are potential channels through which early migrants achieve higher levels of subjective well-being compared to late migrants. Our study highlights the importance of promoting rural-to-urban migration and fostering an inclusive urban development environment to improve migrants’ welfare, particularly in major cities.</div> <h2>Suggested Citation</h2> <div id="biblio-body"> <LI class="list-group-item downgate"> Zheng, Xiaodong & Zhou, Yanran, 2025. 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