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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American diplomat (1915–1995)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Angier Biddle Duke</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:JFKWHP-KN-C19983_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/JFKWHP-KN-C19983_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-JFKWHP-KN-C19983_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/JFKWHP-KN-C19983_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="259" data-file-height="288" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Duke in 1962</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">10th and 13th <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Protocol_of_the_United_States" title="Chief of Protocol of the United States">Chief of Protocol of the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 24, 1961 – January 20, 1965</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wiley_T._Buchanan,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Wiley T. Buchanan, Jr.">Wiley T. Buchanan, Jr.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Nelson_Hand" title="Lloyd Nelson Hand">Lloyd Nelson Hand</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />April 1, 1968 – September 26, 1968</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_W._Symington" title="James W. Symington">James W. Symington</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tyler_Abell" title="Tyler Abell">Tyler Abell</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Morocco">United States Ambassador to Morocco</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />December 20, 1979 – February 28, 1981</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bordeaux_Parker" title="Richard Bordeaux Parker">Richard B. Parker</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Verner_Reed,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Verner Reed, Jr.">Joseph Verner Reed, Jr.</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Denmark">United States Ambassador to Denmark</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />October 3, 1968 – May 1, 1969</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Elkus_White" title="Katharine Elkus White">Katharine Elkus White</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guilford_Dudley_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Guilford Dudley Jr.">Guilford Dudley Jr.</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Spain">United States Ambassador to Spain</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />April 1, 1965 – March 30, 1968</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Woodward" title="Robert F. Woodward">Robert F. Woodward</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frank_E._McKinney" title="Frank E. McKinney">Frank E. McKinney</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_El_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to El Salvador">United States Ambassador to El Salvador</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 5, 1952 – May 21, 1953</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_P._Shaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George P. Shaw (page does not exist)">George P. Shaw</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._McDermott" title="Michael J. McDermott">Michael J. McDermott</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1915-11-30</span>)</span>November 30, 1915<br />New York City, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">April 29, 1995<span style="display:none">(1995-04-29)</span> (aged 79)<br /><a href="/wiki/Southampton,_New_York" title="Southampton, New York">Southampton</a>, New York, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Priscilla St. George<br /></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1936; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1940)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Margaret Screven White<br /></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1940; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1952)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Maria-Luisa de Arana<br /></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1952; died 1961)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Chandler_Duke" title="Robin Chandler Duke">Robin Chandler Lynn</a><br /></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1962)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angier_Buchanan_Duke" title="Angier Buchanan Duke">Angier Buchanan Duke</a></li> <li>Cordelia Drexel Biddle</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_School_(Concord,_New_Hampshire)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul's School (Concord, New Hampshire)">St. Paul's School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Diplomat</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1940-1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">Major</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Angier Biddle Duke</b> (November 30, 1915 – April 29, 1995) was an American diplomat who served as <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Protocol_of_the_United_States" title="Chief of Protocol of the United States">Chief of Protocol of the United States</a> in the 1960s. Prior to that, at the age of 36, he became the youngest American ambassador in history when he was appointed to be the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_El_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to El Salvador">U.S. Ambassador to El Salvador</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ABDObit1995_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABDObit1995-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angier_Biddle_Duke&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Duke was born in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father was <a href="/wiki/Angier_Buchanan_Duke" title="Angier Buchanan Duke">Angier Buchanan Duke</a> (1884–1923) and his mother was Cordelia Drexel Biddle, later Cordelia Biddle Robertson. Angier Buchanan Duke was an heir to the <a href="/wiki/American_Tobacco_Company" title="American Tobacco Company">American Tobacco Company</a> fortune while Cordelia Drexel Biddle was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Biddle_family" title="Biddle family">Biddle family</a> who were prominent in business, political and cultural affairs in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>. Angier Biddle Duke's only sibling was Anthony Drexel Duke (1918–2014).<sup id="cite_ref-ADDobit2014_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADDobit2014-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After separating in 1918, Duke's parents divorced in 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-1921Reco_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1921Reco-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1921Divorce_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1921Divorce-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His paternal grandfather was <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Newton_Duke" title="Benjamin Newton Duke">Benjamin Newton Duke</a> (1855–1929), a major benefactor of <a href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke University</a> and brother of <a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan_Duke" title="James Buchanan Duke">James Buchanan Duke</a>, himself the father of <a href="/wiki/Doris_Duke" title="Doris Duke">Doris Duke</a>, Angier's cousin.<sup id="cite_ref-duke_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duke-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hewitt1995_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hewitt1995-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His maternal grandfather was <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Joseph_Drexel_Biddle,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle, Sr.">Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle, Sr.</a><sup id="cite_ref-BiddleEisenhower1961_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BiddleEisenhower1961-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through his mother, he was a great-great-grandson of banker <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Joseph_Drexel" title="Anthony Joseph Drexel">Anthony Joseph Drexel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ADDobit2014_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADDobit2014-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gross2006_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gross2006-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Duke attended <a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_School_(Concord,_New_Hampshire)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul's School (Concord, New Hampshire)">St. Paul's School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Concord,_New_Hampshire" title="Concord, New Hampshire">Concord, New Hampshire</a>. He dropped out of <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> in 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-ABDObit1995_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABDObit1995-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angier_Biddle_Duke&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the late 1930s, Duke became skiing editor for a sports magazine and, by 1940, he enlisted as a private in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a>. Upon his discharge in 1945, Duke was a <a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">major</a> serving in North Africa and Europe. His uncle, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Joseph_Drexel_Biddle,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle, Jr.">Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle, Jr.</a>, was serving as ambassador to most of the governments-in-exile that were occupied by Germany during World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-BiddleEisenhower1961_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BiddleEisenhower1961-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diplomatic_career">Diplomatic career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angier_Biddle_Duke&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Diplomatic career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ikeda_and_Kennedy_1961.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ikeda_and_Kennedy_1961.jpg/220px-Ikeda_and_Kennedy_1961.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ikeda_and_Kennedy_1961.jpg/330px-Ikeda_and_Kennedy_1961.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ikeda_and_Kennedy_1961.jpg/440px-Ikeda_and_Kennedy_1961.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2944" /></a><figcaption>Meeting with the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister of Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hayato_Ikeda" title="Hayato Ikeda">Hayato Ikeda</a>. (L-R) Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs <a href="/wiki/Zentaro_Kosaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Zentaro Kosaka">Zentaro Kosaka</a>, Prime Minister Ikeda, Counselor of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Japan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> (Interpreter) Toshiro Shimanouchi, President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">State Department</a> <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Protocol">Chief of Protocol</a> Angier Biddle Duke (standing), and interpreter James J. Wickel. <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1949, Duke joined the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Foreign_Service" title="United States Foreign Service">United States Foreign Service</a> as an assistant in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> and subsequently <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1952 to 1953,<sup id="cite_ref-1952Appointment_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1952Appointment-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he served as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_El_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to El Salvador">U.S. Ambassador to El Salvador</a> during the Truman administration and was, aged 36, the youngest ever U.S. Ambassador up to that time.<sup id="cite_ref-1953Return_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1953Return-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>People thought Angie was just a rich playboy when President Truman appointed him Ambassador to El Salvador. He was 36 years old, the youngest ambassador in United States history, and the Duke name represented entrenched, giant capitalists.<sup id="cite_ref-1981Award_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1981Award-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>With the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> out of power in 1953, he left the foreign service and returned to private life. During much of this time he served as President of the <a href="/wiki/International_Rescue_Committee" title="International Rescue Committee">International Rescue Commission</a>. Originally a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>, he later became a Democrat.<sup id="cite_ref-ABDObit1995_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABDObit1995-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1960, Duke, a personal friend of Kennedy, was asked to serve as <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Protocol_of_the_United_States" title="Chief of Protocol of the United States">chief of protocol</a> for the <a href="/wiki/U.S._State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. State Department">U.S. State Department</a> with the rank of ambassador. He held this position until 1965. As a vocal supporter of equal rights, "he resigned from the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Club_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Metropolitan Club (Washington, D.C.)">Metropolitan Club</a> of Washington after it refused to admit black diplomats" in 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-ABDObit1995_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABDObit1995-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His most visible task during his term as chief was to supervise the protocol for world leaders who attended the <a href="/wiki/State_funeral_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="State funeral of John F. Kennedy">funeral of John F. Kennedy</a> on November 25, 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-ABDObit1995_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABDObit1995-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of his term as chief of protocol, the Johnson administration asked him to serve as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Spain">U.S. Ambassador to Spain</a>, which he did from 1965 to 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-1965Envoy_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1965Envoy-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then served as Chief of Protocol a second time, for less than six months, until he was appointed to become the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Denmark">U.S. Ambassador to Denmark</a>. He served in that position for seven months.<sup id="cite_ref-1968Appointment_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1968Appointment-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1969, he was awarded an honorary <a href="/wiki/LL.D." class="mw-redirect" title="LL.D.">LL.D.</a> degree from Duke University.<sup id="cite_ref-papers_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-papers-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following Vice President <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a>'s defeat by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>, and with the Democratic Party again out of power, he was again out of the U.S. Foreign Service. In the early 1970s, he was appointed by Mayor <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Beame" title="Abraham Beame">Abraham Beame</a> to serve as Commissioner of the New York City Department of Civic Affairs and Public Events with a staff of 17 until he resigned in 1976 to work for <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>'s campaign for the presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-1974Wedding_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1974Wedding-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Carter defeated <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976 presidential election</a>, the Democrats were again in power, and in 1979 the administration brought him back again to serve as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Morocco">U.S. Ambassador to Morocco</a>, a position he held until 1981, when he was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Verner_Reed,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Verner Reed, Jr.">Joseph Verner Reed, Jr.</a> following <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>'s election to president.<sup id="cite_ref-ABDObit1995_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABDObit1995-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_years">Later years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angier_Biddle_Duke&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon his return to the United States, the <a href="/wiki/National_Committee_on_American_Foreign_Policy" title="National Committee on American Foreign Policy">National Committee on American Foreign Policy</a> awarded him with the inaugural <a href="/wiki/Hans_Morgenthau" title="Hans Morgenthau">Hans J. Morgenthau</a> Memorial Award "in recognition of his exemplary foreign policy contributions to the United States".<sup id="cite_ref-1981Award_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1981Award-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1992 to 1995, Duke served as the elected president of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_American_Ambassadors" title="Council of American Ambassadors">Council of American Ambassadors</a>. He was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Sons of the American Revolution">Sons of the American Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1940Wedding_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1940Wedding-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also served as the chancellor of the <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_University,_Southampton_Campus" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Island University, Southampton Campus">Long Island University, Southampton Campus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1990Wedding_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1990Wedding-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After his death, his papers were archived by Duke University in <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-papers_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-papers-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angier_Biddle_Duke&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1937, he married <a href="/wiki/Katharine_St._George#Early_life_and_family" title="Katharine St. George">Priscilla Avenal St. George</a> (1919–1995) at <a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s-in-Tuxedo" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mary's-in-Tuxedo">St. Mary's-in-Tuxedo Episcopal Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the daughter of George Baker Bligh St. George and <a href="/wiki/Katharine_St._George" title="Katharine St. George">Katharine St. George</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> from New York.<sup id="cite_ref-KSGObit1983_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KSGObit1983-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her maternal grandmother, Catherine Delano Collier, was the younger sister of <a href="/wiki/Sara_Delano_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Sara Delano Roosevelt">Sara Delano Roosevelt</a>, the mother of President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a> and her great-grandfather was <a href="/wiki/George_Fisher_Baker" title="George Fisher Baker">George Fisher Baker</a>, the financier and philanthropist. Her father was the grandson of <a href="/wiki/St_George_Baronets" class="mw-redirect" title="St George Baronets">Robert St George</a>, himself the son of Sir <a href="/wiki/St_George_baronets" title="St George baronets">Richard Bligh St George, 2nd Baronet</a>. Before their divorce in August 1940, they were the parents of: </p> <ul><li>Angier "Pony" St. George Duke (1937–2014), who married Mary Ellen Haga in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-ASGBDObit2014_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASGBDObit2014-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was known for infecting Margaret Housen with <a href="/wiki/Gonorrhea" title="Gonorrhea">gonorrhea</a> in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-Maxa1979_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maxa1979-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pony2015_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pony2015-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His son, Benjamin Buchanan Duke, married the poker player <a href="/wiki/Annie_Duke" title="Annie Duke">Annie Duke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Following their divorce, Priscilla married State Senator <a href="/wiki/Allan_A._Ryan,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Allan A. Ryan, Jr.">Allan A. Ryan, Jr.</a> (1903–1981) in 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-1941Wedding_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1941Wedding-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1973AldrichWedding_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1973AldrichWedding-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1940, the 26-year-old Duke married the 34-year-old Margaret Screven White immediately after her divorce from J. M. Tuck.<sup id="cite_ref-1940Wedding_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1940Wedding-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Margaret had also been married to Fitzhugh White and was the daughter of Franklin Buchanan Screven, great-granddaughter of Admiral Franklin Screven, commander of the Confederate <a href="/wiki/USS_Merrimack_(1855)" title="USS Merrimack (1855)">USS <i>Merrimack</i></a>, and a descendant of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">Thomas McKean</a>, a signer of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1940Wedding_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1940Wedding-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They divorced in 1952, the same year Duke married Maria-Luisa de Arana of Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-1952Wedding_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1952Wedding-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the daughter of Isabella de Zurita and Dario de Arana, and the granddaughter of the 10th Marquis de Campo Real,<sup id="cite_ref-1957Birth_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1957Birth-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> members of the <a href="/wiki/Basques" title="Basques">Basque</a> nobility of <a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1952Wedding_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1952Wedding-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His third wife died in a plane crash in 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-1961PlaneCrash_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1961PlaneCrash-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1961Funeral_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1961Funeral-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Maria-Luisa Duke (b. 1954),<sup id="cite_ref-1954Birth_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1954Birth-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Drexel Dario Duke (b. 1957).<sup id="cite_ref-1957Birth_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1957Birth-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In 1962, he married <a href="/wiki/Robin_Chandler_Duke" title="Robin Chandler Duke">Robin Chandler Lynn</a> (1923–2016), who served as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Norway">United States Ambassador to Norway</a> during the Clinton administration.<sup id="cite_ref-RCDObit2016_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCDObit2016-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She had previously been married to <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Lynn" title="Jeffrey Lynn">Jeffrey Lynn</a>, the actor and film producer, and was the daughter of Richard Edgar and Esther Chandler Tippett.<sup id="cite_ref-LATimesobit_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimesobit-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They lived together at The River House on 52nd Street in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robin and Angier remained married until his death in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2016Girls_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016Girls-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Angier Biddle Duke, Jr. (b. 1963)<sup id="cite_ref-1990Wedding_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1990Wedding-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Duke died at the age of 79, from being struck by a car while <a href="/wiki/Rollerblading" class="mw-redirect" title="Rollerblading">rollerblading</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angier_Biddle_Duke&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ABDObit1995-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ABDObit1995_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABDObit1995_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABDObit1995_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABDObit1995_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABDObit1995_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABDObit1995_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSevero1995" class="citation news cs1">Severo, Richard (April 30, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/30/obituaries/angier-biddle-duke-diplomat-79-dies-scion-of-a-prominent-american-family.html">"Angier Biddle Duke, Diplomat, 79, Dies; Scion of a Prominent American Family"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Angier+Biddle+Duke%2C+Diplomat%2C+79%2C+Dies%3B+Scion+of+a+Prominent+American+Family&rft.date=1995-04-30&rft.aulast=Severo&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F04%2F30%2Fobituaries%2Fangier-biddle-duke-diplomat-79-dies-scion-of-a-prominent-american-family.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngier+Biddle+Duke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-obit-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-obit_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obit_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obit_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSevero1995" class="citation news cs1">Severo, Richard (May 1, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/01/obituaries/angier-biddle-duke-79-an-ambassador-and-scion-of-tobacco-family-has-died.html">"Angier Biddle Duke, 79, an Ambassador And Scion of Tobacco Family, Has Died"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Angier+Biddle+Duke%2C+79%2C+an+Ambassador+And+Scion+of+Tobacco+Family%2C+Has+Died&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.aulast=Severo&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F05%2F01%2Fobituaries%2Fangier-biddle-duke-79-an-ambassador-and-scion-of-tobacco-family-has-died.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngier+Biddle+Duke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ADDobit2014-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ADDobit2014_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ADDobit2014_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox2014" class="citation news cs1">Fox, Margalit (May 2, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/03/nyregion/anthony-drexel-duke-95-boys-harbor-founder-dies.html">"Anthony Drexel Duke, 95, Dies; Scion of Wealth Aided Underprivileged"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Anthony+Drexel+Duke%2C+95%2C+Dies%3B+Scion+of+Wealth+Aided+Underprivileged&rft.date=2014-05-02&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Margalit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F05%2F03%2Fnyregion%2Fanthony-drexel-duke-95-boys-harbor-founder-dies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngier+Biddle+Duke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1921Reco-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1921Reco_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1921/09/20/archives/divorce-recommended-for-mrs-ab-duke-master-files-report-in-action.html">"Divorce Recommended for Mrs. A.B. Duke – Master Files Report in Action Brought by Farmer Cordelia Biddle"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. September 20, 1921<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Divorce+Recommended+for+Mrs.+A.B.+Duke+%E2%80%93+Master+Files+Report+in+Action+Brought+by+Farmer+Cordelia+Biddle.&rft.date=1921-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1921%2F09%2F20%2Farchives%2Fdivorce-recommended-for-mrs-ab-duke-master-files-report-in-action.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngier+Biddle+Duke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1921Divorce-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1921Divorce_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1921/10/25/archives/mrs-duke-wins-divorce-former-miss-cordelia-biddle-receives-decree.html">"Mrs. Duke Wins Divorce – Former Miss Cordelia Biddle Receives Decree in Philadelphia"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. October 25, 1921. p. 19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Mrs.+Duke+Wins+Divorce+%E2%80%93+Former+Miss+Cordelia+Biddle+Receives+Decree+in+Philadelphia.&rft.pages=19&rft.date=1921-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1921%2F10%2F25%2Farchives%2Fmrs-duke-wins-divorce-former-miss-cordelia-biddle-receives-decree.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngier+Biddle+Duke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-duke-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-duke_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.duke.edu/uarchives/history/duke_wash-genea.html">"A Washington Duke genealogy as it pertains to Duke University"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110305122212/http://library.duke.edu/uarchives/history/duke_wash-genea.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Life&rft.atitle=Ambassador+Biddle%3A+As+multiple+envoy+to+governments-in-exile%2C+he+is+foremost+U.S.+expert+on+postwar+plans+and+problems+of+Europe%27s+courageous+little+nations&rft.pages=106-114%2C+117-120&rft.date=1943-10-04&rft.aulast=Busch&rft.aufirst=Noel+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPlcEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngier+Biddle+Duke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adst.org/OH%20TOCs/Duke,%20Angier%20Biddle.toc.pdf">"The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR ANGIER BIDDLE DUKE"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training</i>. 4 April 1989. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240716195454/https://adst.org/OH%20TOCs/Duke,%20Angier%20Biddle.toc.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Vol. Tomo 155 Número 109. San Salvador, El Salvador, Central America. June 10, 1952. p. 3971<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diario+Oficial&rft.atitle=Decreto+N%C2%BA+6&rft.volume=Tomo+155+N%C3%BAmero+109&rft.pages=3971&rft.date=1952-06-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabaco.uca.edu.sv%2Facervo%2FDiario_Oficial%2F1952%2F1952-06.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngier+Biddle+Duke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1953Return-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1953Return_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1953/05/31/archives/a-b-duke-back-from-salvador.html">"A. B. Duke Back From Salvador"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. May 31, 1953<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Notable+Turnout+for+Angier+Biddle+Duke&rft.date=1981-06-04&rft.aulast=Hinds&rft.aufirst=Michael+deCourcy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F06%2F04%2Fgarden%2Fnotable-turnout-for-angier-biddle-duke.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngier+Biddle+Duke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1965Envoy-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1965Envoy_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1965/03/29/archives/new-us-envoy-in-spain.html">"New U.S. Envoy in Spain"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 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February 8, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/social-diary/2016/leave-it-to-the-girls">the original</a> on June 2, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Shaw (page does not exist)">George P. Shaw</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_El_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to El Salvador">United States Ambassador to El Salvador</a> </b><br />1952–1953 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._McDermott" title="Michael J. McDermott">Michael J. McDermott</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Woodward" title="Robert F. Woodward">Robert F. Woodward</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Spain">United States Ambassador to Spain</a> </b><br />1965–1968 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frank_E._McKinney" title="Frank E. McKinney">Frank E. McKinney</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Elkus_White" title="Katharine Elkus White">Katharine Elkus White</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Denmark">United States Ambassador to Denmark</a> </b><br />1968–1969 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Guilford_Dudley_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Guilford Dudley Jr.">Guilford Dudley Jr.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bordeaux_Parker" title="Richard Bordeaux Parker">Richard B. Parker</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Morocco">United States Ambassador to Morocco</a> </b><br />1979–1981 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Verner_Reed,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Verner Reed, Jr.">Joseph Verner Reed, Jr.</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output 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Lammot Belin">F. Lammot Belin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Delano_Robbins" title="Warren Delano Robbins">Warren Delano Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clement_Dunn" title="James Clement Dunn">James Clement Dunn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Southgate_(Chief_of_Protocol)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Southgate (Chief of Protocol) (page does not exist)">Richard Southgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_T._Summerlin" title="George T. Summerlin">George T. Summerlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Woodward_(political_aide)" title="Stanley Woodward (political aide)">Stanley Woodward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Simmons" title="John F. Simmons">John F. Simmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiley_T._Buchanan_Jr." title="Wiley T. Buchanan Jr.">Wiley T. Buchanan Jr.</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Angier Biddle Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Nelson_Hand" title="Lloyd Nelson Hand">Lloyd Nelson Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Symington" title="James W. Symington">James W. Symington</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Angier Biddle Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyler_Abell" title="Tyler Abell">Tyler Abell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Mosbacher" title="Emil Mosbacher">Emil Mosbacher</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marion_Hartzog_Smoak" title="Marion Hartzog Smoak">Marion Hartzog Smoak</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_E._Catto_Jr." title="Henry E. Catto Jr.">Henry E. Catto Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Temple" title="Shirley Temple">Shirley Temple Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evan_Dobelle" title="Evan Dobelle">Evan Dobelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_H._J._Dobelle" title="Edith H. J. Dobelle">Edith H. J. Dobelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abelardo_L._Valdez" title="Abelardo L. Valdez">Abelardo L. Valdez</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Mason" title="Morgan Mason">Morgan Mason</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonore_Annenberg" title="Leonore Annenberg">Leonore Annenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selwa_Roosevelt" title="Selwa Roosevelt">Selwa Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Verner_Reed_Jr." title="Joseph Verner Reed Jr.">Joseph Verner Reed Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Giffen_Weinmann" title="John Giffen Weinmann">John Giffen Weinmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_M._Raiser" title="Molly M. Raiser">Molly M. Raiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Mel_French" title="Mary Mel French">Mary Mel French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Ensenat" title="Donald Ensenat">Donald Ensenat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Brinker" title="Nancy Brinker">Nancy Brinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capricia_Marshall" title="Capricia Marshall">Capricia Marshall</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Jones_(diplomat)" title="Natalie Jones (diplomat)">Natalie Jones</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_A._Selfridge" title="Peter A. Selfridge">Peter A. Selfridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Lawler" title="Sean Lawler">Sean Lawler</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mary-Kate_Fisher" title="Mary-Kate Fisher">Mary-Kate Fisher</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cam_Henderson_(diplomat)" title="Cam Henderson (diplomat)">Cam Henderson</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Asel_Roberts" title="Asel Roberts">Asel Roberts</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Gifford" title="Rufus Gifford">Rufus Gifford</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/75px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/113px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/150px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Italics</i> indicates acting</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_United_States_Ambassadors_to_Denmark_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Denmark&#124;link=Denmark" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Ambassadors_to_Denmark" title="Template:US Ambassadors to Denmark"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Ambassadors_to_Denmark" title="Template talk:US Ambassadors to Denmark"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Ambassadors_to_Denmark" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Ambassadors to Denmark"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_United_States_Ambassadors_to_Denmark_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Denmark&#124;link=Denmark" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Denmark" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Denmark">United States Ambassadors to Denmark</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chargé d'Affaires</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wheaton" title="Henry Wheaton">Wheaton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_F._Woodside&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonathan F. Woodside (page does not exist)">Woodside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Rand_Jackson" title="Isaac Rand Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Irwin" title="William W. Irwin">Irwin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_P._Flenniken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert P. Flenniken (page does not exist)">Flenniken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Forward" title="Walter Forward">Forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Ogle" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Jackson Ogle">Ogle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miller_Grieve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miller Grieve (page does not exist)">Grieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bedinger" title="Henry Bedinger">Bedinger</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the US Department of State"><img alt="Seal of the US Department of State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/70px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/105px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/140px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minister Resident</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bedinger" title="Henry Bedinger">Bedinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Buchanan_(diplomat)" title="James M. Buchanan (diplomat)">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradford_R._Wood" title="Bradford R. Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Helm_Yeaman" class="mw-redirect" title="George Helm Yeaman">Yeaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus_Andrews" title="Christopher Columbus Andrews">Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_J._Cramer_(diplomat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael J. Cramer (diplomat) (page does not exist)">Cramer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Payson" title="Charles Payson">Payson</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(chargé d'affaires)</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Wickersham" title="James P. Wickersham">Wickersham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickham_Hoffman" title="Wickham Hoffman">Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasmus_B._Anderson" title="Rasmus B. Anderson">R. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_A._Enander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John A. Enander (page does not exist)">Enander</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clark_E._Carr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clark E. Carr (page does not exist)">Carr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Envoy Extraordinary<br />and Minister Plenipotentiary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clark_E._Carr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clark E. Carr (page does not exist)">Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_E._Risley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John E. Risley (page does not exist)">Risley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurits_S._Swenson" title="Laurits S. Swenson">Swenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._O%27Brien_(Michigan_politician)" title="Thomas J. O'Brien (Michigan politician)">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Francis_Egan" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurice Francis Egan">Egan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Hapgood" title="Norman Hapgood">Hapgood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Grew" title="Joseph Grew">Grew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dyneley_Prince" title="John Dyneley Prince">Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Percival_Dodge" title="Henry Percival Dodge">Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_H._Booth" title="Ralph H. Booth">Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._B._Coleman" title="Frederick W. B. Coleman">Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bryan_Owen" title="Ruth Bryan Owen">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_M._Owsley" title="Alvin M. Owsley">Owsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Atherton" title="Ray Atherton">Atherton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monnett_Bain_Davis" title="Monnett Bain Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Marvel_Jr." title="Josiah Marvel Jr.">Marvel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ambassador Extraordinary<br />and Plenipotentiary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Marvel_Jr." title="Josiah Marvel Jr.">Marvel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenie_Anderson" title="Eugenie Anderson">E. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Douglas_Coe" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Douglas Coe">Coe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_Peterson" title="Val Peterson">Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McCormick_Blair_Jr." title="William McCormick Blair Jr.">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Elkus_White" title="Katharine Elkus White">White</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilford_Dudley_(ambassador)" title="Guilford Dudley (ambassador)">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_J._Russell" title="Fred J. Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_K._Crowe" title="Philip K. Crowe">Crowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gunther_Dean" title="John Gunther Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Demian_Manshel" class="mw-redirect" title="Warren Demian Manshel">Manshel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Langeloth_Loeb_Jr." title="John Langeloth Loeb Jr.">Loeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Todman" title="Terence Todman">Todman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_L._Brown" title="Keith L. Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stone_(politician)" title="Richard Stone (politician)">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Elliot_Elson" title="Edward Elliot Elson">Elson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_N._Swett" title="Richard N. Swett">Swett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_A._Bernstein" title="Stuart A. Bernstein">Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Cain" title="James P. Cain">Cain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_S._Fulton" title="Laurie S. Fulton">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Gifford" title="Rufus Gifford">Gifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Sands" title="Carla Sands">Sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_M._Leventhal" title="Alan M. Leventhal">Leventhal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_States&#124;link=United_States_United_States_Ambassadors_to_Spain_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Spain&#124;link=Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Ambassadors_to_Spain" title="Template:US Ambassadors to Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Ambassadors_to_Spain" title="Template talk:US Ambassadors to Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Ambassadors_to_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Ambassadors to Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_States&#124;link=United_States_United_States_Ambassadors_to_Spain_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Spain&#124;link=Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Spain" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Spain">United States Ambassadors to Spain</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers Plenipotentiary<br />to Spain<br />(1779–1825)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Carmichael_(diplomat)" title="William Carmichael (diplomat)">Carmichael</a> <small>(<i>chargé d'affaires</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Short_(American_ambassador)" title="William Short (American ambassador)">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Humphreys_(soldier)" title="David Humphreys (soldier)">Humphreys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Pinckney_(governor)" title="Charles Pinckney (governor)">Pinckney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Erving" title="George W. Erving">Erving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Erving" title="George W. Erving">Erving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(politician)" title="John Forsyth (politician)">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Nelson_(American_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh Nelson (American politician)">Nelson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Envoy Extraordinary and<br />Minister Plenipotentiary <br />to Spain<br />(1825–1913)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hill_Everett" title="Alexander Hill Everett">Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_P._Van_Ness" title="Cornelius P. Van Ness">Van Ness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eaton_(politician)" title="John Eaton (politician)">Eaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Vail" title="Aaron Vail">Vail</a> <small>(<i>chargé d'affaires</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romulus_Mitchell_Saunders" class="mw-redirect" title="Romulus Mitchell Saunders">Saunders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Moreau_Barringer" title="Daniel Moreau Barringer">Barringer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Soul%C3%A9" title="Pierre Soulé">Soulé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_C._Dodge" title="Augustus C. Dodge">Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Preston_(Kentucky_soldier)" title="William Preston (Kentucky soldier)">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schurz" title="Carl Schurz">Schurz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Koerner" title="Gustav Koerner">Koerner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Hale" title="John P. Hale">Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Sickles" title="Daniel Sickles">Sickles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Cushing" title="Caleb Cushing">Cushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Russell_Lowell" title="James Russell Lowell">Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Fairchild" title="Lucius Fairchild">Fairchild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Hamlin" title="Hannibal Hamlin">Hamlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Foster" title="John W. Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabez_Lamar_Monroe_Curry" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabez Lamar Monroe Curry">Curry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Belmont" title="Perry Belmont">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Palmer" title="Thomas W. Palmer">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Burd_Grubb_Jr." title="Edward Burd Grubb Jr.">Grubb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Loudon_Snowden" title="A. Loudon Snowden">Snowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannis_Taylor" title="Hannis Taylor">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_L._Woodford" title="Stewart L. Woodford">Woodford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellamy_Storer_(politician,_born_1847)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellamy Storer (politician, born 1847)">Storer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sherburne_Hardy" title="Arthur Sherburne Hardy">Hardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Miller_Collier" title="William Miller Collier">Collier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay_Ide" title="Henry Clay Ide">Ide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ambassador Extraordinary<br />and Plenipotentiary<br />to Spain<br />(1913–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Edward_Willard" title="Joseph Edward Willard">Willard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Woods" title="Cyrus Woods">Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pollock_Moore" title="Alexander Pollock Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogden_H._Hammond" title="Ogden H. Hammond">Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irwin_B._Laughlin" title="Irwin B. Laughlin">Laughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Bowers" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude Bowers">Bowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Freeman_Matthews" title="H. Freeman Matthews">Matthews</a> <small>(<i>chargé d'affaires</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_W._Weddell" title="Alexander W. Weddell">Weddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_J._H._Hayes" title="Carlton J. H. Hayes">Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Armour" title="Norman Armour">Armour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Bonsal" title="Philip Bonsal">Bonsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_T._Culbertson" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul T. Culbertson">Culbertson</a> <small>(<i>chargé d'affaires</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanton_Griffis" title="Stanton Griffis">Griffis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_MacVeagh" title="Lincoln MacVeagh">MacVeagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clement_Dunn" title="James Clement Dunn">Dunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_Lodge" title="John Davis Lodge">Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Joseph_Drexel_Biddle_Jr." title="Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle Jr.">Biddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Woodward" title="Robert F. Woodward">Woodward</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Wagner_Jr." title="Robert F. Wagner Jr.">Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Hill" title="Robert C. Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horacio_Rivero_Jr." title="Horacio Rivero Jr.">Rivero</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruce_Penn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruce Penn (page does not exist)">Penn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wells_Stabler" title="Wells Stabler">Stabler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Todman" title="Terence Todman">Todman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_O._Enders" title="Thomas O. Enders">Enders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Bartholomew" title="Reginald Bartholomew">Bartholomew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Zappala" title="Joseph Zappala">Zappala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Goodwin_Capen_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Goodwin Capen Jr.">Capen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_N._Gardner" title="Richard N. Gardner">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_L._Romero" title="Edward L. Romero">Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Argyros" title="George Argyros">Argyros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Aguirre_(diplomat)" title="Eduardo Aguirre (diplomat)">Aguirre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Solomont" title="Alan Solomont">Solomont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Costos" title="James Costos">Costos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Buchan" title="Duke Buchan">Buchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julissa_Reynoso_Pantale%C3%B3n" title="Julissa Reynoso Pantaleón">Pantaleón</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q539383#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q539383#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q539383#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000038499418">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/46078057">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/419066/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJghjWyVtxqr4mgdmrPqQq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n98054708">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10575677">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w61v6hm9">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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