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<!DOCTYPE HTML><html lang=en><head><meta charset="utf-8"><title>Fulfulde - Worldwide distribution</title><link rel=preconnect href="https://js.worlddata.info"><link rel=dns-prefetch href="https://js.worlddata.info"><link rel=preconnect href="https://cdn.worlddata.info"><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn.worlddata.info"><link rel=alternate hreflang=de href="https://www.laenderdaten.info/sprachen/fulfulde.php"><link rel=alternate hreflang=en href="https://www.worlddata.info/languages/fulfulde.php"><link rel=alternate hreflang=es href="https://www.datosmundial.com/idiomas/fulfulde.php"><link rel=alternate hreflang=pt-BR href="https://www.dadosmundiais.com/linguas/fulfulde.php"><link rel=alternate hreflang=fr href="https://www.donneesmondiales.com/langues/fulfulde.php"><link rel=canonical id=canonical href="https://www.worlddata.info/languages/fulfulde.php"><meta name=description content="International distribution of mother tongue Fulfulde including regional allocations. 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warming</a><a href="/greenhouse-gas-by-country.php">CO2 emissions</a><a href="/climate-comparison.php">Climate comparison</a></div></nav><div class=clear id=navbar data-pos="0" style="background-position:0px 0px;"></div></header><main id=main><div id=intro1><div id=blurbg style="background-image:url(//cdn.worlddata.info/pics/lettercubes.jpg);"></div><div id=intro3><img class=deko src="//cdn.worlddata.info/pics/lettercubes.jpg" loading=lazy alt="Picture Symbolic image: Languages" width=340 height=226><div class=floater><h1>Fulfulde speaking countries</h1>Fulfulde is a widely spoken language of the Fulbe people in West and Central Africa. In Mali and parts of Nigeria, Fulfulde is also an official language, and in other countries it is considered a national language (along with other languages).<p>Fulfulde is most widely spoken in Nigeria with 16.0 million native speakers. It is estimated that there are around 30 million speakers in total, although it is usually more widespread in rural areas than in large cities.</div><div class=clear></div></div></div><div class="adtg bbd" id="adtg-1" data-gptfrmt="bbd" ><ins id=ags1 class=adsbygoogle data-ad-client="ca-pub-0315193065476355" data-ad-slot="2913722277" data-ad-format="horizontal" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins></div><div class=boxwhite> Fulfulde is a West African subgroup of the Niger-Congo language family with numerous dialects spread over a wide area. The language has different names depending on the dialect or region. The eastern dialects are often called Ful, Fula, Fulani or Fulfulde. The western dialects are mostly based on French and are spelled Peul, Peulh, Pulaar or Poular.<p><div id=map><picture><source srcset="//cdn.worlddata.info/maps/language/fulfulde-dark.png" media="(max-width:380px) and (prefers-color-scheme:dark)"><source srcset="//cdn.worlddata.info/maps/language/fulfulde.png" media="(max-width:380px)"><source srcset="//cdn.worlddata.info/maps/language/fulfulde-dark-720.png" media="(min-width:381px) and (prefers-color-scheme:dark)"><source srcset="//cdn.worlddata.info/maps/language/fulfulde-720.png" media="(min-width:381px)"><img src="//cdn.worlddata.info/maps/language/fulfulde.png" width=360 height=180 alt="Distribution Fulfulde"></picture><button id=mapswitch class="preload-spinner" onclick="interactiveMap()">► Interactive map</button></div><br><script>function interactiveMap(){ addClass('map','spinner'); var d=document,s1=d.createElement('script'); d.getElementById('map').innerHTML='';s2=d.createElement('script');css=d.createElement('link'); css.type='text/css';css.rel='stylesheet';css.href='//cdn.worlddata.info/css/wdmap.css';d.head.appendChild(css); s1.async=false;s1.src='//cdn.worlddata.info/js/wdmap.js';d.head.appendChild(s1); s2.async=false;s2.src='//cdn.worlddata.info/js/world-en.js'; s2.onload=function(){ var markers=[{name:"United States",coords:[37,-97]},{name:"Australia",coords:[-28,140]},{name:"Guinea",coords:[10.3,-11.7]}]; var jvm=new jsVectorMap({ selector:"#map",labels:{markers:{render:(marker)=>marker.name}},markers:markers, series:{regions:[{attribute:'fill',colorRange:'A9E0F0 65A0B0',attributes:{NG:7,GN:39,SN:21,CM:10,NE:10,BF:10,ML:7,BJ:5,GM:15,GW:17,SL:4,MR:1}}]} }); jvm.setScale(1.8,480,300,false,true); window.addEventListener('resize',()=>{jvm.updateSize()}); removeClass('map','spinner'); }; d.head.appendChild(s2); } var wd_tooltips={NG:'7.0;15.95 m',GN:'38.6;5.56 m',SN:'20.7;3.74 m',CM:'9.6;2.72 m',NE:'9.7;2.54 m',BF:'9.7;2.23 m',ML:'7.0;1.66 m',BJ:'5.2;733,774',GM:'15.2;410,072',GW:'16.6;357,454',SL:'3.8;321,499',MR:'1.2;60,269'}; function buildTooltip(code,countryname){ if(wd_tooltips[code]){ var tt='<b>'+countryname+'</b>'; ttData=wd_tooltips[code].split(';'); if(ttData[0]+ttData[1]){tt+=ttData[0]+'% (ca. '+ttData[1]+' Population)'} return tt; } return countryname; }</script><div class="adtg hrz" id="adtg-2" data-gptfrmt="hrz" ><ins id=ags2 class=adsbygoogle data-ad-client="ca-pub-0315193065476355" data-ad-slot="3247214056" data-ad-format="horizontal" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins></div><br><div class=tablescroller><table class="std100 hover sticky"><tr><th>Country</th><th>Region</th><th>Official language</th><th>Distribution</th><th>Total</th></tr><tr><td><a class="fl_af fl_NGA" href="/africa/nigeria/index.php">Nigeria</a></td><td>Western Africa</td><td>no</td><td>7.0 %</td><td>15,952,000</td></tr><tr><td><a class="fl_af fl_GIN" href="/africa/guinea/index.php">Guinea</a></td><td>Western Africa</td><td>no</td><td>38.6 %</td><td>5,561,000</td></tr><tr><td><a class="fl_af fl_SEN" href="/africa/senegal/index.php">Senegal</a></td><td>Western Africa</td><td>no</td><td>20.7 %</td><td>3,742,000</td></tr><tr><td><a class="fl_af fl_CMR" href="/africa/cameroon/index.php">Cameroon</a></td><td>Central Africa</td><td>no</td><td>9.6 %</td><td>2,724,000</td></tr><tr><td><a class="fl_af fl_NER" href="/africa/niger/index.php">Niger</a></td><td>Western Africa</td><td>no</td><td>9.7 %</td><td>2,538,000</td></tr><tr><td><a class="fl_af fl_BFA" href="/africa/burkina-faso/index.php">Burkina Faso</a></td><td>Western Africa</td><td>no</td><td>9.7 %</td><td>2,234,000</td></tr><tr><td><a class="fl_af fl_MLI" href="/africa/mali/index.php">Mali</a></td><td>Western Africa</td><td>yes</td><td>7.0 %</td><td>1,664,000</td></tr><tr><td><a class="fl_af fl_BEN" href="/africa/benin/index.php">Benin</a></td><td>Western Africa</td><td>no</td><td>5.2 %</td><td>734,000</td></tr><tr><td><a class="fl_af fl_GMB" href="/africa/gambia/index.php">Gambia</a></td><td>Western Africa</td><td>no</td><td>15.2 %</td><td>410,000</td></tr><tr><td><a class="fl_af fl_GNB" href="/africa/guinea-bissau/index.php">Guinea-Bissau</a></td><td>Western Africa</td><td>no</td><td>16.6 %</td><td>357,000</td></tr><tr><td><a class="fl_af fl_SLE" href="/africa/sierra-leone/index.php">Sierra Leone</a></td><td>Western Africa</td><td>no</td><td>3.8 %</td><td>321,000</td></tr><tr><td><a class="fl_af fl_MRT" href="/africa/mauritania/index.php">Mauritania</a></td><td>Western Africa</td><td>no</td><td>1.2 %</td><td>60,000</td></tr></table></div><br><br><h2>Origins and development of the language</h2> The Fulbe and their language have been present in the Sahel region for centuries. Their origins are often traced back to the Senegal River Valley, from where they spread across large parts of West Africa through nomadic cattle breeding and trade. These migratory movements contributed to the spread of the language and led to a strong diversification of dialects.<p>Fulfulde is known for its complex system of nominal classes, which functions similarly to many Bantu languages. These classes influence both the form of nouns and the verbs and adjectives associated with them. The verbal system is also complex, with a variety of aspects, modes and tenses to convey different nuances of action.<p>The language has evolved over time, absorbing influences from <a href="/languages/arabic.php">Arabic</a>, <a href="/languages/french.php">French</a> and, more recently, <a href="/languages/english.php">English</a>. These influences also reflect the colonial and post-colonial history of many Fulbe peoples.<p>The writing of the Fulfulde has produced different writing systems in different regions, including the Latin alphabet and the Arabic Ajami writing system. Educational policy initiatives and cultural organizations are increasingly seeking to standardize and promote the language in order to strengthen and maintain its use in formal educational contexts.<p><div class="adtg hrz" id="adtg-3" data-gptfrmt="hrz" ><ins id=ags3 class=adsbygoogle data-ad-client="ca-pub-0315193065476355" data-ad-slot="3247214056" data-ad-format="horizontal" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins></div><div data-nosnippet style="font-size:.9em;"><br>Unless otherwise described in the text, this page is about native speakers — not the total number of speakers. How many people understand or speak Fulfulde as a subsequently learned language is not the subject of this page. Countries where native speakers make up only a few thousand, or even a few hundred people, or countries with a percentage well below 1% are unlikely to be listed here.<p>Official language, national language or lingua franca: <a href="/languages/terms.php">explanation of frequently used terms</a></div></div></main><footer id=footer><div id=socials><a href="//twitter.com/share?original_referer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worlddata.info%2Flanguages%2Ffulfulde.php&text=Fulfulde+-+Worldwide+distribution&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worlddata.info%2Flanguages%2Ffulfulde.php" target=_blank rel=noopener style="background-position:-31px -29px;" title=Twitter></a><a href="//www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worlddata.info%2Flanguages%2Ffulfulde.php&t=Fulfulde+-+Worldwide+distribution" target=_blank rel=noopener style="background-position:-209px -29px;" title=Facebook></a><a class=ab630 href="//www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worlddata.info%2Flanguages%2Ffulfulde.php" target=_blank rel=noopener style="background-position:-270px -29px;" title=LinkedIn></a><a class=no-desktop href="fb-messenger://share?link=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worlddata.info%2Flanguages%2Ffulfulde.php" rel=noopener style="background-position:-150px -29px;" title=Messenger></a><a class=no-desktop href="whatsapp://send?text=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worlddata.info%2Flanguages%2Ffulfulde.php%20Fulfulde+-+Worldwide+distribution" rel=noopener style="background-position:-116px -29px;" title=WhatsApp></a><a href="//www.reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worlddata.info%2Flanguages%2Ffulfulde.php&title=Fulfulde+-+Worldwide+distribution" target=_blank rel=noopener style="background-position:0 -29px;" title=Reddit></a><a href="mailto:?subject=Fulfulde+-+Worldwide+distribution&body=Fulfulde+-+Worldwide+distribution%0Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.worlddata.info%2Flanguages%2Ffulfulde.php" style="background-position:-59px -29px;" title=Email></a></div><div class=breadcrumbs>You are here: <a href="/">Home</a> › <a href="/languages/">Languages</a> › <span style="color:#00FFFF;">Fulfulde</span></div><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context": "https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Homepage","item":"https://www.worlddata.info/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Languages","item":"https://www.worlddata.info/languages/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Fulfulde","item":"https://www.worlddata.info/languages/fulfulde.php"}]}</script><a href="/quiz/">Country Quiz</a><a href="/countrycodes.php">Country codes</a><a href="/downloads/">CSV downloads</a><a href="/definition-country.php">What is a country?</a><div id=langsel><a href="https://www.laenderdaten.info/sprachen/fulfulde.php" title="Language: Fulfulde" class=langh rel=alternate style="background-position:2px 1px;" hreflang=de lang=de>deutsch</a><a href="https://www.datosmundial.com/idiomas/fulfulde.php" title="Idiomas: Fulfulde" class=langh rel=alternate style="background-position:-348px 1px;" hreflang=es lang=es>español</a><a href="https://www.dadosmundiais.com/linguas/fulfulde.php" title="Língua: Fulfulde" class=langh rel=alternate style="background-position:-1028px 1px;" hreflang=pt-BR lang=pt-BR id=lngpt>português</a><a href="https://www.donneesmondiales.com/langues/fulfulde.php" title="Langue maternelle: Fulfulde" class=langh rel=alternate style="background-position:-518px 1px;" hreflang=fr lang=fr>français</a></div><br><br><a class=legal href="/about.php">About worlddata.info</a><a class=legal href="/privacypolicy.php">Privacy policy</a><a class=legal id=cmp_revoke style="display:none;" href="#" onclick="window.manualCmpResurface();return false">Cookie settings</a><a class=legal href="/report-an-error.php" rel=nofollow onclick="errurl(this)">Report an error</a><br><br>Data without guarantee © WorldData.info, all rights reserved<br>Photo: 18939035 © Vladimir Voronin | Dreamstime.com<br>This page was first published in October 2023 and has been continuously updated since then. 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