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<li id="toc-19th_and_20th_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_and_20th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>19th and 20th centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_and_20th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Recent history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Campus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Academics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Academics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Academics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Academics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Schools,_institutes,_and_research_centres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools,_institutes,_and_research_centres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Schools, institutes, and research centres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools,_institutes,_and_research_centres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Study_programmes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Study_programmes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Study programmes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Study_programmes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rankings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rankings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Rankings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rankings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Student life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Student_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alumni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alumni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Alumni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alumni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Faculty_and_staff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faculty_and_staff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Faculty and staff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faculty_and_staff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">University of St. Gallen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t_St._Gallen" title="Universität St. Gallen – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Universität St. Gallen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86" title="جامعة سانت غالن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جامعة سانت غالن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Gallen_T%C4%81i-ha%CC%8Dk" title="St. Gallen Tāi-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="St. Gallen Tāi-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Санкт-Галенскі ўніверсітэт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Санкт-Галенскі ўніверсітэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t_St._Gallen" title="Universität St. Gallen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Universität St. Gallen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_de_San_Galo" title="Universidad de San Galo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Universidad de San Galo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitato_de_Sankt-Galo" title="Universitato de Sankt-Galo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Universitato de Sankt-Galo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86" title="دانشگاه سنت گالن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشگاه سنت گالن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Saint-Gall" title="Université de Saint-Gall – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Université de Saint-Gall" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%ED%81%AC%ED%8A%B8%EA%B0%88%EB%A0%8C_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="장크트갈렌 대학교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="장크트갈렌 대학교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_San_Gallo" title="Università di San Gallo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Università di San Gallo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%92%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9F" title="אוניברסיטת סנט גאלן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוניברסיטת סנט גאלן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankt_Galeno_universitetas" title="Sankt Galeno universitetas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sankt Galeno universitetas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86" title="جامعة سانت جالن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جامعة سانت جالن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteit_van_Sankt_Gallen" title="Universiteit van Sankt Gallen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Universiteit van Sankt Gallen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B6%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="ザンクトガレン大学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ザンクトガレン大学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t_St._Gallen" title="Universität St. Gallen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Universität St. Gallen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniwersytet_w_St._Gallen" title="Uniwersytet w St. Gallen – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Uniwersytet w St. Gallen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_de_S%C3%A3o_Galo" title="Universidade de São Galo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Universidade de São Galo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Университет Санкт-Галлена – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Университет Санкт-Галлена" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_St._Gallen" title="University of St. Gallen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="University of St. Gallen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Gallenin_yliopisto" title="St. Gallenin yliopisto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="St. Gallenin yliopisto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankt_Gallens_universitet" title="Sankt Gallens universitet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sankt Gallens universitet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unibersidad_ng_St._Gallen" title="Unibersidad ng St. Gallen – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Unibersidad ng St. Gallen" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Gallen_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="St. Gallen Üniversitesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="St. Gallen Üniversitesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Університет Санкт-Галлена – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Університет Санкт-Галлена" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%8A%A0%E4%BB%91%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="圣加仑大学 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="圣加仑大学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q673354#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/University_of_St._Gallen" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_of_St._Gallen&params=47_25_54_N_9_22_29_E_region:CH-SG_type:edu"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°25′54″N</span> <span class="longitude">9°22′29″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.43167°N 9.37472°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.43167; 9.37472</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Swiss university</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">University of St. Gallen</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname">Universität St. Gallen</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSG_Logo_EN_RGB.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/HSG_Logo_EN_RGB.svg/250px-HSG_Logo_EN_RGB.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/HSG_Logo_EN_RGB.svg/375px-HSG_Logo_EN_RGB.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/HSG_Logo_EN_RGB.svg/500px-HSG_Logo_EN_RGB.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data">From insight to impact</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">May 25, 1898</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">CHF</a> 251.3 million (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-hsgfacts_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hsgfacts-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/University_president" class="mw-redirect" title="University president">President</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Bernhard Ehrenzeller</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">105 professors (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-hsgfacts_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hsgfacts-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />73 assistant professors (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-hsgfacts_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hsgfacts-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Administrative staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,335</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">9,047 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-hsgfacts_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hsgfacts-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4,952 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-hsgfacts_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hsgfacts-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Postgraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3,443 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-hsgfacts_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hsgfacts-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">Doctoral students</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">617 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-hsgfacts_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hsgfacts-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Other students</div></th><td class="infobox-data">35 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-hsgfacts_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hsgfacts-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="state"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">Canton of St. Gallen</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></div><br /><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_of_St._Gallen&params=47_25_54_N_9_22_29_E_region:CH-SG_type:edu"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°25′54″N</span> <span class="longitude">9°22′29″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.43167°N 9.37472°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.43167; 9.37472</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a> (Rosenberg hill)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Newspapers</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hsgfocus.ch/">HSG Focus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prisma-hsg.ch/">Prisma</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colors</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">Green</a>, <a href="/wiki/White" title="White">White</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black" title="Black">Black</a><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00802F; color:white;"> </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFFF; color:black;"> </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#000000; color:white;"> </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Community_of_European_Management_Schools_and_International_Companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Community of European Management Schools and International Companies">CEMS</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Association_of_Professional_Schools_of_International_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="The Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs">APSIA</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Quality_Improvement_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Quality Improvement System">EQUIS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Association_to_Advance_Collegiate_Schools_of_Business" title="Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business">AACSB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Association_of_MBAs" title="Association of MBAs">AMBA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Professional_Schools_of_International_Affairs" title="Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs">Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unisg.ch/">www.unisg.ch</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>University of St. Gallen</b> (<b>HSG</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a> located in <a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, that specialises in <a href="/wiki/Business_administration" title="Business administration">business administration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">international affairs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was established in 1898. It consistently ranks as one of the best business schools in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, it had 9,590 students, of which 3,757 were master's students and 584 were doctoral students.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Although one of Switzerland's smallest universities, HSG has Switzerland's largest faculty for business administration.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has produced more billionaires in Europe than any other European university.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_European_Management_Schools_and_International_Companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Community of European Management Schools and International Companies">CEMS</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Association_of_Professional_Schools_of_International_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="The Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs">APSIA</a> and is <a href="/wiki/EFMD_Quality_Improvement_System" title="EFMD Quality Improvement System">EQUIS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Association_to_Advance_Collegiate_Schools_of_Business" title="Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business">AACSB</a> and <a href="/wiki/Association_of_MBAs" title="Association of MBAs">AMBA</a> accredited (<a href="/wiki/Triple_accreditation" title="Triple accreditation">triple crown</a>). Its campus is listed as a Swiss <a href="/wiki/Swiss_inventory_of_cultural_property_of_national_and_regional_significance" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance">heritage site of national significance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The university is owned by the canton of St. Gallen.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style></p><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_St._Gallen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/University_of_St._Gallen" title="Special:EditPage/University of St. Gallen">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22University+of+St.+Gallen%22">"University of St. Gallen"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22University+of+St.+Gallen%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22University+of+St.+Gallen%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22University+of+St.+Gallen%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22University+of+St.+Gallen%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22University+of+St.+Gallen%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_and_20th_centuries">19th and 20th centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_St._Gallen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 19th and 20th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 1898, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_legislatures_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal legislatures of Switzerland">Cantonal Parliament of St. Gallen</a> established an academy for trade, commerce and administration in St. Gallen. The actual founding father is considered to be Theodor Curti, then the head of the Department of Economic Affairs of the Canton of St. Gallen. The business academy commenced lectures in 1899, making it one of the first institutions of its kind in the world. From 1911 onward, the name <i>Handels-Hochschule</i> was used. In 1938, the former foundation under private law became a public institution, and in 1939 gained the right to award doctoral degrees. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ETH-BIB-St._Gallen,_HSG,_Bibliothek,_Innenansicht,_Strukturen_von_Antonio_Tapi%C3%A8s-Com_L12-0161-0003-0034.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/ETH-BIB-St._Gallen%2C_HSG%2C_Bibliothek%2C_Innenansicht%2C_Strukturen_von_Antonio_Tapi%C3%A8s-Com_L12-0161-0003-0034.tif/lossy-page1-220px-ETH-BIB-St._Gallen%2C_HSG%2C_Bibliothek%2C_Innenansicht%2C_Strukturen_von_Antonio_Tapi%C3%A8s-Com_L12-0161-0003-0034.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/ETH-BIB-St._Gallen%2C_HSG%2C_Bibliothek%2C_Innenansicht%2C_Strukturen_von_Antonio_Tapi%C3%A8s-Com_L12-0161-0003-0034.tif/lossy-page1-330px-ETH-BIB-St._Gallen%2C_HSG%2C_Bibliothek%2C_Innenansicht%2C_Strukturen_von_Antonio_Tapi%C3%A8s-Com_L12-0161-0003-0034.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/ETH-BIB-St._Gallen%2C_HSG%2C_Bibliothek%2C_Innenansicht%2C_Strukturen_von_Antonio_Tapi%C3%A8s-Com_L12-0161-0003-0034.tif/lossy-page1-440px-ETH-BIB-St._Gallen%2C_HSG%2C_Bibliothek%2C_Innenansicht%2C_Strukturen_von_Antonio_Tapi%C3%A8s-Com_L12-0161-0003-0034.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4825" data-file-height="3159" /></a><figcaption>The University of St. Gallen in 1963, with art works by <a href="/wiki/Antoni_T%C3%A0pies" title="Antoni Tàpies">Antoni Tàpies</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1963, the university moved to new buildings and changed its name to <i>Hochschule für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften</i>. The new buildings were planned for 900 students, but by the winter term of 1963/64, more than 1150 students were enrolled. With the enaction of the Higher Education Act of 1989, the university was renamed <i>Hochschule St. Gallen für Wirtschafts-, Rechts- und Sozialwissenschaften</i> to reflect its curricula. The university has had its law department since 1978. In 1989, the library building opened, and enrollment had grown to over 3900. In February 1994, the Cantonal Parliament of St. Gallen approved a bill to amend the Higher Education Act, leading to the renaming of the institution as <i>Universität St. Gallen</i> (University of St. Gallen). The acronym <i>HSG</i> remained. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_St._Gallen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Recent history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the winter of 2001/02, the University of St. Gallen started the reorganization of its study programs. Education was classified into bachelor's and master's degrees, making the university Switzerland's pioneer in the <a href="/wiki/Bologna_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Bologna process">Bologna process</a>. In October 2005, the university's Executive School of Management, Technology and Law (ES-HSG) was opened. The financially autonomous Executive School centralizes further educational activities such as MBA and executive MBA programs. </p><p>Mid-2005, the people of St. Gallen voted (with 66.4% in favour) to renovate, reorganize and expand the university by 2011. With a budget of about 80m Swiss francs, buildings from the 1960s were renovated, and its infrastructure was updated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campus">Campus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_St._Gallen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Campus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Gallen_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/St_Gallen_University.jpg/170px-St_Gallen_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/St_Gallen_University.jpg/255px-St_Gallen_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/St_Gallen_University.jpg/340px-St_Gallen_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption>The University of St. Gallen with the <a href="/wiki/Altstadt" title="Altstadt">Altstadt</a> of St. Gallen and its <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Saint_Gall" title="Abbey of Saint Gall">Abbey of Saint Gall</a> in the background</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bauphasen_HSG-Neubau,_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_im_Winter,_HSGH_022-001324-12.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bauphasen_HSG-Neubau%2C_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_im_Winter%2C_HSGH_022-001324-12.png/220px-Bauphasen_HSG-Neubau%2C_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_im_Winter%2C_HSGH_022-001324-12.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bauphasen_HSG-Neubau%2C_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_im_Winter%2C_HSGH_022-001324-12.png/330px-Bauphasen_HSG-Neubau%2C_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_im_Winter%2C_HSGH_022-001324-12.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bauphasen_HSG-Neubau%2C_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_im_Winter%2C_HSGH_022-001324-12.png/440px-Bauphasen_HSG-Neubau%2C_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_im_Winter%2C_HSGH_022-001324-12.png 2x" data-file-width="9859" data-file-height="6746" /></a><figcaption>Main Building, designed by Walter Förderer, at the time of opening 1963</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_St._Gallen_Convention_and_Executive_Education_Center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/University_of_St._Gallen_Convention_and_Executive_Education_Center.jpg/220px-University_of_St._Gallen_Convention_and_Executive_Education_Center.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/University_of_St._Gallen_Convention_and_Executive_Education_Center.jpg/330px-University_of_St._Gallen_Convention_and_Executive_Education_Center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/University_of_St._Gallen_Convention_and_Executive_Education_Center.jpg/440px-University_of_St._Gallen_Convention_and_Executive_Education_Center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>The convention and executive education center opened in 1995</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HSG-SQUARE-2000x1125.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="HSG Learning Center "SQUARE" in October 2021" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/HSG-SQUARE-2000x1125.jpg/220px-HSG-SQUARE-2000x1125.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/HSG-SQUARE-2000x1125.jpg/330px-HSG-SQUARE-2000x1125.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/HSG-SQUARE-2000x1125.jpg/440px-HSG-SQUARE-2000x1125.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1125" /></a><figcaption>HSG Learning Center "SQUARE" in October 2021</figcaption></figure> <p>The University of St. Gallen is located atop Rosenberg Hill, overlooking the <a href="/wiki/Altstadt" title="Altstadt">Altstadt</a> of St. Gallen, with a view of the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alpstein mountain range</a>. The campus is noted for its integration of art and architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area around the university, including the town of St. Gallen at <a href="/wiki/Lake_Constance" title="Lake Constance">Lake Constance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Alps" title="Swiss Alps">the Alps</a>, offers facilities for outdoor activities including skiing, hiking, climbing and sailing. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_St._Gallen_Giacometti_Sculpture_Main_Building.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2c/University_of_St._Gallen_Giacometti_Sculpture_Main_Building.JPG/220px-University_of_St._Gallen_Giacometti_Sculpture_Main_Building.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2c/University_of_St._Gallen_Giacometti_Sculpture_Main_Building.JPG/330px-University_of_St._Gallen_Giacometti_Sculpture_Main_Building.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/2c/University_of_St._Gallen_Giacometti_Sculpture_Main_Building.JPG 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="258" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Giacometti" title="Alberto Giacometti">Giacometti</a> sculpture in the Main Building of the University of St. Gallen</figcaption></figure> <p>In the Main Building, designed by Walter Foerderer and regarded worldwide as a significant example of 1960s architecture, art is a major feature of the architecture; whereas in the Library Building of 1989, works of art complement the diversity of architectural forms narratively. There are works by <a href="/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_Kem%C3%A9ny" title="Zoltán Kemény">Kemény</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alicia_Penalba" title="Alicia Penalba">Penalba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Arp" title="Jean Arp">Arp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Braque" class="mw-redirect" title="Braque">Braque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Etienne_Hajdu" class="mw-redirect" title="Etienne Hajdu">Hajdu</a>, Soniatta, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3" title="Joan Miró">Miró</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Calder" title="Alexander Calder">Calder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Soulages" title="Pierre Soulages">Soulages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Giacometti" title="Alberto Giacometti">Giacometti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antoni_T%C3%A0pies" title="Antoni Tàpies">Tàpies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coghuf" title="Coghuf">Coghuf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Mueller" title="Otto Mueller">Otto Müller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Disler" title="Martin Disler">Disler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_Bill" title="Max Bill">Bill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josef_Felix_M%C3%BCller" title="Josef Felix Müller">Josef Felix Müller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mimmo_Paladino" title="Mimmo Paladino">Paladino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Richter" title="Gerhard Richter">Richter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Enzo_Cucchi" title="Enzo Cucchi">Cucchi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1995, a convention and executive education centre opened a few minutes walk from the main campus. Extended in 2007, it now comprises several plenary halls and 54 business rooms.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The university also has international hubs in <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> and <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a> to connect local faculty, students, alumni and companies with its academic activities.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, the voters of the canton of St. Gallen approved the construction of an additional campus in the city. The new campus will create room for 3,000 additional students and will be opened in 2027.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2022, the new <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hsg-square.ch/">HSG Learning Center "SQUARE"</a> will open on the Rosenberg. It is intended to be an innovative place for thinking and working, enabling new types of learning and interaction between students, faculty and people from the field. The project is being realised by the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hsg-stiftung.ch/en/">HSG Foundation</a> and financed entirely through donations. Over 800 donors have supported the HSG Learning Center to date. The project <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-8olZVpNAQ&t=124s">"Open Grid - Choices of Tomorrow"</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sou_Fujimoto" title="Sou Fujimoto">Sou Fujimoto Architects</a> won the architecture competition in 2018. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academics">Academics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_St._Gallen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Academics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools,_institutes,_and_research_centres"><span id="Schools.2C_institutes.2C_and_research_centres"></span>Schools, institutes, and research centres</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_St._Gallen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Schools, institutes, and research centres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_St._Gallen_Central_Institute_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/University_of_St._Gallen_Central_Institute_Building.jpg/220px-University_of_St._Gallen_Central_Institute_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/University_of_St._Gallen_Central_Institute_Building.jpg/330px-University_of_St._Gallen_Central_Institute_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/University_of_St._Gallen_Central_Institute_Building.jpg/440px-University_of_St._Gallen_Central_Institute_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The Central Institute Building, designed by <a href="/wiki/Herzog_%26_de_Meuron" title="Herzog & de Meuron">Herzog & de Meuron</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_St._Gallen_EUR-HSG_Institute_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/University_of_St._Gallen_EUR-HSG_Institute_Building.jpg/220px-University_of_St._Gallen_EUR-HSG_Institute_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/University_of_St._Gallen_EUR-HSG_Institute_Building.jpg/330px-University_of_St._Gallen_EUR-HSG_Institute_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/University_of_St._Gallen_EUR-HSG_Institute_Building.jpg/440px-University_of_St._Gallen_EUR-HSG_Institute_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2667" /></a><figcaption>The Institute of European and International Business Law</figcaption></figure> <p>Following a restructuring in 2011, there are five schools at the University of St. Gallen: the School of Management (SoM-HSG), the School of Finance (SoF-HSG), the Law School (LS-HSG), the School of Economics and Political Science (SEPS-HSG), and the School of Humanities and Social Sciences (SHSS-HSG). Study programs are typically associated with a specific school but are taught jointly by faculty members from several schools. The Executive School of Management, Technology and Law (ES-HSG) plays a special role which has the status of an <i>Institut mit besonderen gesamtuniversitären Aufgaben</i> and which runs the MBA and executive education programs.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The crystallization points of research at the University of St. Gallen are about 40 institutes and research centres, which are an integral part of the university. The directors of the institutes double as professors of the University of St. Gallen. Bringing theory and practice together, the institutes provide important input for teaching at the university and play a significant role in furthering the careers of young academics. 80 tenured professors, 60 assistant professors and senior lecturers, and more than 300 lecturers and 300 assistants, plus distinguished visiting professors cultivate the scientific discourse with the students. </p><p>The University of St. Gallen is a member of the <a href="/wiki/European_Research_Center_for_Information_Systems" title="European Research Center for Information Systems">European Research Center for Information Systems</a> (ERCIS) and the <a href="/wiki/Auto-ID_Labs" title="Auto-ID Labs">Auto-ID Labs</a> network. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Study_programmes">Study programmes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_St._Gallen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Study programmes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A new structure of Studies became operational as of winter 2001/2002. Degrees are now divided into <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">Bachelor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">Master</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">Doctoral</a> programmes under the <a href="/wiki/Bologna_Process" title="Bologna Process">Bologna Process</a>. Since 2013, the bachelor's degree programmes have started with an Assessment Year for all students. The Assessment Year in Economics and Law is offered in two separate tracks, with instruction in either German or English. The main difference between the two is that the English track offers an economics specialization that allows for subsequent Bachelor studies in Business Administration, Economics, International Affairs, or Law and Economics. The German track offers an additional option of a specialization in Law for students interested in pursuing Bachelor studies in Law. Many Master's programmes and most Doctoral programmes are taught in English. <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon successful completion of the Assessment Year, students can then choose one of five majors for their remaining two years of study as listed below. The majority of Bachelor students are enrolled in Business Administration. Aside from the University of St. Gallen, only the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Geneva" title="University of Geneva">University of Geneva</a> offers an International Affairs programme within Switzerland. The Master's programmes cover the same range of studies but are more specialised. The Master's programmes typically run from 1.5 to 2 years. Besides the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_European_Management_Schools_and_International_Companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Community of European Management Schools and International Companies">CEMS</a> Master's in International Management, further double degrees may be obtained in cooperation with partner universities such as <a href="/wiki/Bocconi_University" title="Bocconi University">Bocconi University</a>, <a href="/wiki/ESADE" title="ESADE">ESADE</a>, <a href="/wiki/HEC_Paris" title="HEC Paris">HEC Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/INCAE_Business_School" title="INCAE Business School">INCAE Business School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanyang_Technological_University" title="Nanyang Technological University">Nanyang Technological University</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Fletcher_School_of_Law_and_Diplomacy" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy">The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam_School_of_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotterdam School of Management">Rotterdam School of Management</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Institut_d%27%C3%89tudes_Politiques_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris">Sciences Po Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rankings">Rankings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_St._Gallen&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Rankings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>2016 </th> <th>2017 </th> <th>2018 </th> <th>2019 </th> <th>2020 </th> <th>2021 </th> <th>2022 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">FT</a> – European Business School<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>5th </td> <td>4th </td> <td>4th </td> <td>4th </td> <td>7th </td> <td>6th </td> <td>5th<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">FT</a> – Master in Management (HSG Program)<sup id="cite_ref-rankings.ft.com_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rankings.ft.com-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1st </td> <td>1st </td> <td>1st </td> <td>1st </td> <td>1st </td> <td>1st </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> – Master in Management<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>- </td> <td>5th </td> <td>- </td> <td>2nd </td> <td>- </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">FT</a> – Master in Management (CEMS Program)<sup id="cite_ref-rankings.ft.com_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rankings.ft.com-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A* </td> <td>9th </td> <td>9th </td> <td>8th </td> <td>13th </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">FT</a> – Master in Finance<sup id="cite_ref-rankings.ft.com_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rankings.ft.com-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>8th </td> <td>10th </td> <td>6th </td> <td> </td> <td>6th </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">FT</a> – Master of Business Administration (MBA)<sup id="cite_ref-rankings.ft.com_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rankings.ft.com-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>60th </td> <td>59th </td> <td>60th </td> <td>69th </td> <td>68th </td> <td>64th </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> – Master of Business Administration (MBA)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>92nd </td> <td>- </td> <td>53rd </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">FT</a> – Executive Master of Business Administration (EMBA)<sup id="cite_ref-rankings.ft.com_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rankings.ft.com-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>46th </td> <td>45th </td> <td>55th </td> <td>44th </td> <td>47th </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">FT</a> – Executive Education – Open<sup id="cite_ref-rankings.ft.com_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rankings.ft.com-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>38th </td> <td>28th </td> <td>28th </td> <td>24th </td> <td>26th </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>*In 2016, CEMS refused to take part in the yearly FT Ranking. The programme made its comeback in 2017 at the 9th place. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Student_life">Student life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_St._Gallen&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Student life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Opening_Panel_-_HSG_TALENTS_Conference.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Opening_Panel_-_HSG_TALENTS_Conference.jpg/220px-Opening_Panel_-_HSG_TALENTS_Conference.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Opening_Panel_-_HSG_TALENTS_Conference.jpg/330px-Opening_Panel_-_HSG_TALENTS_Conference.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Opening_Panel_-_HSG_TALENTS_Conference.jpg/440px-Opening_Panel_-_HSG_TALENTS_Conference.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4242" data-file-height="2823" /></a><figcaption>Opening panel of HSG Talents, a recruiting initiative run by students</figcaption></figure> <p>The University of St. Gallen hosts 25% international students, an upper limit which has been fixed by the government.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are about 130 clubs at the University of St. Gallen.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Particularly well-known is the International Students' Committee, an organisation which plans and coordinates the annual <a href="/wiki/St._Gallen_Symposium" title="St. Gallen Symposium">St. Gallen Symposium</a>. Since 1970, the St. Gallen Symposium has brought together leaders from business, science, politics and society with students from all over the world. <a href="/wiki/AIESEC" title="AIESEC">AIESEC</a> St. Gallen is a club that was founded in 1951 and provides an international internship programme. The largest club at the University of St. Gallen and the largest of its kind in Switzerland is the Helvetian Investment Club, a finance-focused career club with over 1,450 members.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the largest clubs with more than 600 members is DocNet, the doctoral students' club at the University of St. Gallen. </p><p>Founded in 2001, a major event of DocNet is the annual DocNet Management Symposium. A chapter of <a href="/wiki/Oikos_International" title="Oikos International">Oikos International</a>, a student organisation for sustainable development, also plays an active role at the University of St. Gallen. Other clubs are mostly sports clubs, cultural clubs or associations of students of different countries or cantons, subject-specific clubs related to specialisations at the University of St. Gallen as well as fraternities.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The official organisation of former students of the University of St. Gallen is HSG Alumni. With more than 19,000 members and 80 alumni clubs on 4 continents, it is one of Europe's leading associations of its kind. Since 1930, the club has been reinforcing alumni's lifelong bonds with the university, as well as the networks among its members, utilising numerous events and information platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_St._Gallen&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_St._Gallen_people" title="List of University of St. Gallen people">List of University of St. Gallen people</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alumni">Alumni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_St._Gallen&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Alumni"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ackermann_begradigt.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Ackermann_begradigt.png/220px-Ackermann_begradigt.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Ackermann_begradigt.png/330px-Ackermann_begradigt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Ackermann_begradigt.png/440px-Ackermann_begradigt.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="293" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Josef_Ackermann" title="Josef Ackermann">Josef Ackermann</a> graduated from the University of St. Gallen with a doctoral degree in economics in 1977</figcaption></figure> <p>Notable the University of St. Gallen alumni in the financial sector include <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a> Chairman <a href="/wiki/Paul_Achleitner" title="Paul Achleitner">Paul Achleitner</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> former <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Josef_Ackermann" title="Josef Ackermann">Josef Ackermann</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> former <a href="/wiki/Commerzbank" title="Commerzbank">Commerzbank</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Martin_Blessing" title="Martin Blessing">Martin Blessing</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Founder & CEO of wefox <a href="/wiki/Julian_Teicke" title="Julian Teicke">Julian Teicke</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Re" title="Swiss Re">Swiss Re</a> Honorary Chairman <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kielholz" title="Walter Kielholz">Walter Kielholz</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> former <a href="/wiki/Julius_Baer_Group" title="Julius Baer Group">Julius Baer Group</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Alex_Widmer" title="Alex Widmer">Alex Widmer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> former <a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Peter_Wuffli" title="Peter Wuffli">Peter Wuffli</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> current N26 CEO and founder Valentin Stalf.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Business leaders in other sectors who attended the University of St. Gallen include <a href="/wiki/Daimler_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimler AG">Daimler AG</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Ola_K%C3%A4llenius" title="Ola Källenius">Ola Källenius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swatch_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Swatch Group">Swatch Group</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Nick_Hayek,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Nick Hayek, Jr.">Nick Hayek, Jr.</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/International_Watch_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="International Watch Company">IWC</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Georges_Kern" title="Georges Kern">Georges Kern</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Qiagen" title="Qiagen">Qiagen</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Peer_M._Schatz" title="Peer M. Schatz">Peer M. Schatz</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> former <a href="/wiki/Fresenius_SE" class="mw-redirect" title="Fresenius SE">Fresenius SE</a> CEO and <a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé">Nestlé</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Mark_Schneider" title="Ulf Mark Schneider">Ulf Mark Schneider</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cook_Group" title="Thomas Cook Group">Thomas Cook Group</a> CEO, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Fankhauser" title="Peter Fankhauser">Peter Fankhauser</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Businessweek_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Businessweek-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/BASF" title="BASF">BASF</a> board member <a href="/wiki/Margret_Suckale" title="Margret Suckale">Margret Suckale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the intellectual space, notable alumni include novelist and bestselling author <a href="/wiki/Rolf_Dobelli" title="Rolf Dobelli">Rolf Dobelli</a>. In the field of law and politics, notable alumni include Swiss politician and former President of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Council_of_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Council of States">Swiss Council of States</a> <a href="/wiki/Christoffel_Br%C3%A4ndli" title="Christoffel Brändli">Christoffel Brändli</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sovereign Monarch and Head of State of Liechtenstein <a href="/wiki/Prince_Hans-Adam_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Hans-Adam II">Prince Hans-Adam II</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Swiss politician <a href="/wiki/Hans-Rudolf_Merz" title="Hans-Rudolf Merz">Hans-Rudolf Merz</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Swiss politician and <a href="/wiki/Stadler_Rail" title="Stadler Rail">Stadler Rail</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Peter_Spuhler" title="Peter Spuhler">Peter Spuhler</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Swiss politician Heinz Indermaur, as well as <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Hasler" title="Adrian Hasler">Adrian Hasler</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Liechtenstein">Prime Minister of Liechtenstein</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Tsch%C3%BCtscher" title="Klaus Tschütscher">Klaus Tschütscher</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Liechtenstein">Prime Minister of Liechtenstein</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aeschi" title="Thomas Aeschi">Thomas Aeschi</a> businessman and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Bellaiche" title="Judith Bellaiche">Judith Sarah Jäger Bellaiche</a> politician</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faculty_and_staff">Faculty and staff</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_St._Gallen&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Faculty and staff"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Notable current or former faculty members of the University of St. Gallen include the <a href="/wiki/Advocate_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Advocate General">Advocate General</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_European_Union" title="Court of Justice of the European Union">Court of Justice of the European Union</a> <a href="/wiki/Juliane_Kokott" title="Juliane Kokott">Juliane Kokott</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> corporate communication professor <a href="/wiki/Miriam_Meckel" title="Miriam Meckel">Miriam Meckel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> art director <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jonas_(director)" title="Peter Jonas (director)">Sir Peter Jonas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Hunziker" title="Walter Hunziker">Walter Hunziker</a>, developer of Tourism Science, and <a href="/wiki/Ota_%C5%A0ik" title="Ota Šik">Ota Šik</a>, Professor of Economics and one of the key figures in the <a href="/wiki/Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">Prague Spring</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_St._Gallen&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following a 2019 investigation by the cantonal audit office, the University of St. Gallen came under heavy criticism for the frivolous spending behaviour in some of its institutes. Representatives of the cantonal legislature called for a change in the university's culture of accountability.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, a professor at the University of St. Gallen ended her supervisor agreement with a temporarily deregistered doctorate student and had the university delete his email account, for making a negative comment on Twitter about China's communication during the beginning of the Covid-19 crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_St._Gallen&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_universities_by_enrollment_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest universities by enrollment in Switzerland">List of largest universities by enrollment in Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_universities_in_Europe_(1801%E2%80%931945)" title="List of modern universities in Europe (1801–1945)">List of modern universities in Europe (1801–1945)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_St._Gallen&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBoller,_Gabrielle1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Boller, Gabrielle (1998). <i>Kunst und Architektur im Dialog: Universität St. Gallen</i> (in German). Benteli. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-71651-076-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-71651-076-9"><bdi>3-71651-076-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kunst+und+Architektur+im+Dialog%3A+Universit%C3%A4t+St.+Gallen&rft.pub=Benteli&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=3-71651-076-9&rft.au=Boller%2C+Gabrielle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+St.+Gallen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurmeister,_Karl_Heinz1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Burmeister, Karl Heinz (1998). <i>100 Jahre HSG: Geschichte der Universität St. Gallen, Hochschule für Wirtschafts-, Rechts- und Sozialwissenschaften</i> (in German). Bern: Stämpfli. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-72729-248-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-72729-248-2"><bdi>3-72729-248-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=100+Jahre+HSG%3A+Geschichte+der+Universit%C3%A4t+St.+Gallen%2C+Hochschule+f%C3%BCr+Wirtschafts-%2C+Rechts-+und+Sozialwissenschaften&rft.place=Bern&rft.pub=St%C3%A4mpfli&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=3-72729-248-2&rft.au=Burmeister%2C+Karl+Heinz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+St.+Gallen" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_St._Gallen&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hsgfacts-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hsgfacts_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hsgfacts_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hsgfacts_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hsgfacts_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hsgfacts_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hsgfacts_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hsgfacts_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hsgfacts_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.unisg.ch/en/universitaet/ueber-uns/portraet/hsginzahlen">[1]</a>". University of St. Gallen website. Retrieved June 03, 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unisg.ch/en/">"University of St.Gallen"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rankings.ft.com&rft.atitle=European+Business+School+Rankings+2022+-+Business+school+rankings+from+the+Financial+Times+-+FT.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frankings.ft.com%2Frankings%2F2943%2Feuropean-business-school-rankings-2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+St.+Gallen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unisg.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/HSG_ROOT/_Kernauftritt_HSG/Universitaet/Ueber_uns/HSG_in_Zahlen/Immatrikulationsstatistik_2022.pdf">"Immatrikulations statistik 2022"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Immatrikulations+statistik+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unisg.ch%2Ffileadmin%2Fuser_upload%2FHSG_ROOT%2F_Kernauftritt_HSG%2FUniversitaet%2FUeber_uns%2FHSG_in_Zahlen%2FImmatrikulationsstatistik_2022.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+St.+Gallen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/oekonomie/bwl-ranking/die-top-fakultaeten-deutsche-betriebswirte-fallen-zurueck/7142160.html">"Die Top-Fakultäten: Deutsche Betriebswirte fallen zurück – Ökonomie – Politik"</a> (in German). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Die+Top-Fakult%C3%A4ten%3A+Deutsche+Betriebswirte+fallen+zur%C3%BCck+%E2%80%93+%C3%96konomie+%E2%80%93+Politik&rft.pub=Handelsblatt&rft.date=2012-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.handelsblatt.com%2Fpolitik%2Foekonomie%2Fbwl-ranking%2Fdie-top-fakultaeten-deutsche-betriebswirte-fallen-zurueck%2F7142160.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+St.+Gallen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdsor2017" class="citation web cs1">Edsor, Bobbie (24 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/28-universities-that-have-produced-the-most-european-billionaires-2017-8">"The 28 universities that have produced the most European billionaires"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=The+28+universities+that+have+produced+the+most+European+billionaires&rft.date=2017-03-24&rft.aulast=Edsor&rft.aufirst=Bobbie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2F28-universities-that-have-produced-the-most-european-billionaires-2017-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+St.+Gallen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170116073353/http://www.babs.admin.ch/de/aufgabenbabs/kgs/inventar/a-objekte.html">"Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance"</a>. <i>A-Objects</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Universit%C3%A4t+St.Gallen+%E2%80%93+Forschungsplattform%3A+Miriam+Meckel&rft.pub=Alexandria.unisg.ch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alexandria.unisg.ch%2Fpersons%2FMiriam_Meckel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+St.+Gallen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/ota-sik-6163011.html">"Ota Sik – Reforming Czech economist and politician"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 27 August 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Ota+Sik+%E2%80%93+Reforming+Czech+economist+and+politician&rft.date=2004-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2Fota-sik-6163011.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+St.+Gallen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/schweiz/standard/Die-HSG-reiht-Skandal-an-Skandal/story/18563300"><i>Artikel im "Tagesanzeiger": "Die HSG reiht Skandal an Skandal" </i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhynBüchenbacher2021" class="citation news cs1">Rhyn, Larissa; Büchenbacher, Katrin (4 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzz.ch/english/swiss-phd-students-dismissal-spotlights-chinas-influence-ld.1638771">"A tweet cost him his doctorate: The extent of China's influence on Swiss universities"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Neue_Z%C3%BCrcher_Zeitung" title="Neue Zürcher Zeitung">Neue Zürcher Zeitung</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neue+Z%C3%BCrcher+Zeitung&rft.atitle=A+tweet+cost+him+his+doctorate%3A+The+extent+of+China%27s+influence+on+Swiss+universities&rft.date=2021-08-04&rft.aulast=Rhyn&rft.aufirst=Larissa&rft.au=B%C3%BCchenbacher%2C+Katrin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzz.ch%2Fenglish%2Fswiss-phd-students-dismissal-spotlights-chinas-influence-ld.1638771&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+St.+Gallen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cantonal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Basel" title="University of Basel">University of Basel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bern" title="University of Bern">University of Bern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Fribourg" title="University of Fribourg">University of Fribourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Geneva" title="University of Geneva">University of Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="University of Neuchâtel">University of Neuchâtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lausanne" title="University of Lausanne">University of Lausanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lucerne" title="University of Lucerne">University of Lucerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_della_Svizzera_italiana" title="Università della Svizzera italiana">Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of St. Gallen (HSG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zurich" title="University of Zurich">University of Zurich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_de_Lausanne" title="École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne">Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETH_Zurich" title="ETH Zurich">Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities of<br />Applied Sciences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bern_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Bern University of Applied Sciences">Bern University of Applied Sciences</a> (BFH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Applied_Sciences_of_the_Grisons" title="University of Applied Sciences of the Grisons">University of Applied Sciences of the Grisons</a> (FHGR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucerne_University_of_Applied_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts">Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts</a> (HSLU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Applied_Sciences_Northwestern_Switzerland" title="University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland">University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland</a> (FHNW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Applied_Sciences_of_Eastern_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Applied Sciences of Eastern Switzerland">University of Applied Sciences of Eastern Switzerland</a> (OST)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Applied_Sciences_Western_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland">University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland</a> (HES-SO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUPSI" title="SUPSI">Scuola Universitaria Professionale della Svizzera Italiana</a> (SUPSI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurich_University_of_Applied_Sciences/ZHAW" title="Zurich University of Applied Sciences/ZHAW">Zurich University of Applied Sciences/ZHAW</a> (ZHAW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurich_University_of_the_Arts" title="Zurich University of the Arts">Zurich University of the Arts</a> (ZHdK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaidos_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Kalaidos University of Applied Sciences">Kalaidos University of Applied Sciences</a> (<i>private</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities<br />of Teacher Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Haute école pédagogique des cantons de Berne, du Jura et de Neuchâtel (HEP-BEJUNE)</li> <li>Haute école pédagogique du canton de Vaud (HEP Vaud)</li> <li>Haute école pédagogique du Valais/Pädagogische Hochschule Wallis (HEP-VS/PH-VS)</li> <li>Haute école pédagogique Fribourg/Pädagogische Hochschule Freiburg (HEP/PH FR)</li> <li>PH-Institut NMS (IVP NMS), Bern</li> <li>Interkantonale Hochschule für Heilpädagogik (HfH), Zürich</li> <li>Pädagogische Hochschule Graubünden/Alta scuola pedagogica dei Grigioni/Scola auta da pedagogia dal Grischun (PHGR)</li> <li>Pädagogische Hochschule Bern (PHBern)</li> <li>Pädagogische Hochschule Luzern (PH Luzern)</li> <li>Pädagogische Hochschule Nordwestschweiz (PH FHNW, part of FHNW)</li> <li>Pädagogische Hochschule Schaffhausen (PHSH)</li> <li>Pädagogische Hochschule Schwyz (PHSZ)</li> <li>Pädagogische Hochschule St. Gallen (PHSG)</li> <li>Pädagogische Hochschule Thurgau (PHTG)</li> <li>Pädagogische Hochschule Zug (PHZG)</li> <li>Pädagogische Hochschule Zürich (PH Zürich)</li> <li>Schweizer Hochschule für Logopädie Rorschach (SHLR)</li> <li>SUPSI - Dipartimento formazione e apprendimento (SUPSI-DFA, part of SUPSI), Ticino</li> <li>Swiss Federal University for Vocational Education and Training (SFUVET)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other Institutions<br />of the higher<br />education sector</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">university institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hochschulinstitut Schaffhausen (HSSH)</li> <li>IMD - <a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Management_Development" title="International Institute for Management Development">International Institute for Management Development</a> (IMD) (<i>private</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graduate_Institute_of_International_and_Development_Studies" title="Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies">Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies</a> (IHEID), Geneva (<i>semi-private</i>)</li> <li>Schweizerisches universitäres Institut für traditionelle chinesische Medizin (SWISS TCM UNI) (<i>private</i>)</li> <li>Stiftung Universitäre Fernstudien Schweiz, Brig / Fondation Formation universitaire à distance, Suisse à Brigue (part of SUPSI)</li> <li>Theologische Hochschule Chur</li> <li>Universitäre Theologische Hochschule Basel (STH Basel)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">university of applied<br />sciences institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hochschule für Wirtschaft Zürich (HWZ)</li> <li>Swiss Business School (SBS), Kloten (<i>private</i>)</li> <li>Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen (SFISM)</li> <li>Swiss UMEF, Aire (<i>private</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Swiss_University_Conference" title="Swiss University Conference">Swiss University Conference</a> · <a href="/wiki/Swissuniversities" title="Swissuniversities">Swissuniversities</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="CEMS_Business_Schools" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cems_School" title="Template:Cems School"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cems_School" title="Template talk:Cems School"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cems_School" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cems School"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="CEMS_Business_Schools" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Global_Alliance_in_Management_Education" title="Global Alliance in Management Education">CEMS Business Schools</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_University_in_Cairo" title="American University in Cairo">The American University in Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cape_Town_Graduate_School_of_Business&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Cape Town Graduate School of Business (page does not exist)">University of Cape Town Graduate School of Business</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_University_of_Science_and_Technology_Business_School" title="Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Business School">HKUST Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Calcutta" title="Indian Institute of Management Calcutta">Indian Institute of Management Calcutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keio_University" title="Keio University">Keio University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_University_Business_School" title="Korea University Business School">Korea University Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Singapore" title="National University of Singapore">National University of Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsinghua_University_School_of_Economics_and_Management" title="Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management">Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aalto_University_School_of_Business" title="Aalto University School of Business">Aalto University School of Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bocconi_University" title="Bocconi University">Bocconi University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Business_School" title="Copenhagen Business School">Copenhagen Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corvinus_University_of_Budapest" title="Corvinus University of Budapest">Corvinus University of Budapest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESADE_Business_School" title="ESADE Business School">ESADE Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HEC_Paris" title="HEC Paris">HEC Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C3%A7_University" title="Koç University">Koç University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics and Political Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louvain_School_of_Management" title="Louvain School of Management">Louvain School of Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Smurfit_Graduate_Business_School" title="Michael Smurfit Graduate Business School">Michael Smurfit Graduate Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_School_of_Economics" title="Norwegian School of Economics">Norwegian School of Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_School_of_Business_and_Economics" title="Nova School of Business and Economics">Nova School of Business and Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_University_of_Economics_and_Business" title="Prague University of Economics and Business">Prague University of Economics and Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotterdam_School_of_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotterdam School of Management">Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_State_University_Graduate_School_of_Management" title="Saint Petersburg State University Graduate School of Management">Saint Petersburg State University Graduate School of Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGH_Warsaw_School_of_Economics" title="SGH Warsaw School of Economics">SGH Warsaw School of Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm_School_of_Economics" title="Stockholm School of Economics">Stockholm School of Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cologne" title="University of Cologne">University of Cologne</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of St. Gallen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_University_of_Economics_and_Business" title="Vienna University of Economics and Business">Vienna University of Economics and Business</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivey_Business_School" title="Ivey Business School">Ivey Business School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney_Business_School" title="University of Sydney Business School">University of Sydney Business School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Ib%C3%A1%C3%B1ez_University" title="Adolfo Ibáñez University">Adolfo Ibáñez University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escola_de_Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Empresas_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo">Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Andes_(Colombia)" title="University of the Andes (Colombia)">University of the Andes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Association_of_Professional_Schools_of_International_Affairs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:APSIA" title="Template:APSIA"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:APSIA" title="Template talk:APSIA"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:APSIA" title="Special:EditPage/Template:APSIA"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Association_of_Professional_Schools_of_International_Affairs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Professional_Schools_of_International_Affairs" title="Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs">The Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#ddddff;"><div id="*_Member_schools"> <ul><li>Member schools</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_University" title="American University">American University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_University_School_of_International_Service" title="American University School of International Service">American University School of International Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pardee_School_of_Global_Studies" title="Pardee School of Global Studies">Pardee School of Global Studies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carleton_University" title="Carleton University">Carleton University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Paterson_School_of_International_Affairs" title="Norman Paterson School of International Affairs">Norman Paterson School of International Affairs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_International_and_Public_Affairs,_Columbia_University" class="mw-redirect" title="School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University">School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanford_School_of_Public_Policy" title="Sanford School of Public Policy">Sanford School of Public Policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_International_University" title="Florida International University">Florida International University</a> <ul><li>Steven J. Green School of International and Public Affairs</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_School_of_International_Affairs" title="Elliott School of International Affairs">Elliott School of International Affairs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_A._Walsh_School_of_Foreign_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service">Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Institute of Technology">Georgia Institute of Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Nunn_School_of_International_Affairs" title="Sam Nunn School of International Affairs">Sam Nunn School of International Affairs</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_School_of_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="John F. Kennedy School of Government">John F. Kennedy School of Government</a><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Advanced_International_Studies" title="School of Advanced International Studies">School of Advanced International Studies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University" title="Pennsylvania State University">Pennsylvania State University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penn_State_School_of_International_Affairs" title="Penn State School of International Affairs">Penn State School of International Affairs</a><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_School_of_Public_and_International_Affairs" title="Princeton School of Public and International Affairs">Princeton School of Public and International Affairs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freeman_Spogli_Institute_for_International_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies">Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University" title="Syracuse University">Syracuse University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_School_of_Citizenship_and_Public_Affairs" title="Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs">Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University" title="Texas A&M University">Texas A&M University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bush_School_of_Government_and_Public_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bush School of Government and Public Service">The Bush School of Government and Public Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Fletcher_School_of_Law_and_Diplomacy" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy">The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UC_San_Diego_School_of_Global_Policy_and_Strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="UC San Diego School of Global Policy and Strategy">UC San Diego School of Global Policy and Strategy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Denver" title="University of Denver">University of Denver</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Korbel_School_of_International_Studies" title="Josef Korbel School of International Studies">Josef Korbel School of International Studies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park" title="University of Maryland, College Park">University of Maryland, College Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland_School_of_Public_Policy" title="University of Maryland School of Public Policy">University of Maryland School of Public Policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_School_of_Public_Policy" title="Ford School of Public Policy">Ford School of Public Policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_School_of_Public_Affairs" title="Humphrey School of Public Affairs">Humphrey School of Public Affairs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" title="University of Pittsburgh">University of Pittsburgh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Graduate_School_of_Public_and_International_Affairs" title="University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public and International Affairs">University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public and International Affairs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a> <ul><li>USC Master of Public Diplomacy program</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Texas_at_Austin" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Texas at Austin">The University of Texas at Austin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_School_of_Public_Affairs" title="Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs">Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Munk_School_of_Global_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Munk School of Global Affairs">Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington_Henry_M._Jackson_School_of_International_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Washington Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies">Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Institute_for_Global_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackson Institute for Global Affairs">Yale Jackson School of Global Affairs</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graduate_Institute_of_International_and_Development_Studies" title="Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies">Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertie_School" title="Hertie School">Hertie School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm_School_of_Economics" title="Stockholm School of Economics">Stockholm School of Economics</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of St. Gallen</a> <ul><li>Master International Affairs and Governance program</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciences_Po" title="Sciences Po">Sciences Po</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_School_of_International_Affairs" title="Paris School of International Affairs">Paris School of International Affairs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IE_University" title="IE University">IE University</a> <ul><li>School of Politics, Economics, and Global Affairs</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_State_Institute_of_International_Relations" title="Moscow State Institute of International Relations">Moscow State Institute of International Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_State_University" title="Saint Petersburg State University">Saint Petersburg State University</a> <ul><li>School of International Relations</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yonsei_University" title="Yonsei University">Yonsei University</a> <ul><li>Graduate School of International Studies</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoul_National_University" title="Seoul National University">Seoul National University</a> <ul><li>Graduate School of International Studies</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_University" title="Korea University">Korea University</a> <ul><li>Graduate School of International Studies</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Singapore" title="National University of Singapore">National University of Singapore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew_School_of_Public_Policy" title="Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy">Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritsumeikan_University" title="Ritsumeikan University">Ritsumeikan University</a> <ul><li>Graduate School of International Relations</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Queensland" title="University of Queensland">University of Queensland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#ddddff;"><div id="*_Affiliate_member_schools"> <ul><li>Affiliate member schools</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_State_University" title="Arizona State University">Arizona State University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbird_School_of_Global_Management" title="Thunderbird School of Global Management">Thunderbird School of Global Management</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balsillie_School_of_International_Affairs" title="Balsillie School of International Affairs">Balsille School of International Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo" title="University of Waterloo">University of Waterloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier_University" title="Wilfrid Laurier University">Wilfrid Laurier University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_International_Governance_Innovation" title="Centre for International Governance Innovation">Centre for International Governance Innovation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_College" title="Baruch College">Baruch College</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marxe_School_of_Public_and_International_Affairs" title="Marxe School of Public and International Affairs">Marxe School of Public and International Affairs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University">Brandeis University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Heller_School_for_Social_Policy_and_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="The Heller School for Social Policy and Management">The Heller School for Social Policy and Management</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a> <ul><li>Institute for Politics and Strategy</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DePaul_University" title="DePaul University">DePaul University</a> <ul><li>International Studies Program</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fordham_University" title="Fordham University">Fordham University</a> <ul><li>Graduate Program in International Political Economy and Development</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schar_School_of_Policy_and_Government" title="Schar School of Policy and Government">Schar School of Policy and Government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Graduate_School_of_Public_Service" title="Wagner Graduate School of Public Service">Wagner Graduate School of Public Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_State_University" title="North Carolina State University">North Carolina State University</a> <ul><li>School of Public and International Affairs</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepperdine_University" title="Pepperdine University">Pepperdine University</a> <ul><li>School of Public Policy</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_State_University" title="San Francisco State University">San Francisco State University</a> <ul><li>Department of International Relations</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seton_Hall_University" title="Seton Hall University">Seton Hall University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Diplomacy_and_International_Relations" title="School of Diplomacy and International Relations">School of Diplomacy and International Relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia" title="University of Georgia">University of Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia_School_of_Public_and_International_Affairs" title="University of Georgia School of Public and International Affairs">University of Georgia School of Public and International Affairs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Miami" title="University of Miami">University of Miami</a> <ul><li>Master of Arts in International Administration program</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oregon" title="University of Oregon">University of Oregon</a> <ul><li>Department of International Studies</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlebury_College" title="Middlebury College">Middlebury College</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middlebury_Institute_of_International_Studies_at_Monterey" title="Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey">Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_William_%26_Mary" title="College of William & Mary">College of William & Mary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austral_University_(Argentina)" title="Austral University (Argentina)">Universidad Austral</a> <ul><li>Escuela de Política, Gobierno y Relaciones Internacionales</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universidad_Externado_de_Colombia" title="Universidad Externado de Colombia">Universidad Externado de Colombia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Trento" title="University of Trento">University of Trento</a> <ul><li>School of International Studies</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_Academy_of_Vienna" title="Diplomatic Academy of Vienna">Diplomatic Academy of Vienna</a> - Vienna School of International Studies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_University_of_Economics_and_Business" title="Prague University of Economics and Business">Prague University of Economics and Business</a> <ul><li>Jan Masaryk Centre for International Studies</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_Barcelona_d%27Estudis_Internacionals" title="Institut Barcelona d'Estudis Internacionals">Institut Barcelona d'Estudis Internacionals</a> - IBEI <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_Centre_for_International_Affairs" title="Barcelona Centre for International Affairs">Barcelona Centre for International Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeu_Fabra_University" title="Pompeu Fabra University">Pompeu Fabra University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Barcelona" title="University of Barcelona">University of Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_University_of_Barcelona" title="Autonomous University of Barcelona">Autonomous University of Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Catalonia" title="Polytechnic University of Catalonia">Polytechnic University of Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_University_of_Catalonia" title="Open University of Catalonia">Open University of Catalonia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Geneva" title="University of Geneva">University of Geneva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Akhawayn_University" title="Al Akhawayn University">Al Akhawayn University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADA_University" title="ADA University">ADA University</a> <ul><li>School of Public and International Affairs</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waseda_University" title="Waseda University">Waseda University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graduate_School_of_Asia-Pacific_Studies" title="Graduate School of Asia-Pacific Studies">Graduate School of Asia-Pacific Studies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utsunomiya_University" title="Utsunomiya University">Utsunomiya University</a> <ul><li>Graduate School of International Studies</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_University_of_Japan" title="International University of Japan">International University of Japan</a> <ul><li>Graduate School of International Relations</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang_Technological_University" title="Nanyang Technological University">Nanyang Technological University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S._Rajaratnam_School_of_International_Studies" title="S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies">S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Chengchi_University" title="National Chengchi University">National Chengchi University</a> <ul><li>College of International Affairs</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fudan_University" title="Fudan University">Fudan University</a> <ul><li>School of International Relations and Public Affairs</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_University_of_Japan" title="International University of Japan">International University of Japan</a> <ul><li>Graduate School of International Relations</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utsunomiya_University" title="Utsunomiya University">Utsunomiya University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monash_University" title="Monash University">Monash University</a> <ul><li>Master of International Relations program</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inta.gatech.edu/about/apsia">"Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs | Sam Nunn School of International Affairs"</a>. <i>inta.gatech.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=inta.gatech.edu&rft.atitle=Association+of+Professional+Schools+of+International+Affairs+%7C+Sam+Nunn+School+of+International+Affairs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finta.gatech.edu%2Fabout%2Fapsia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+St.+Gallen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://careerservices.fas.harvard.edu/events/2023/07/20/association-of-professional-schools-of-international-affairs-apsia-online-graduate-school-fair/">"Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs (APSIA) Online Graduate School Fair"</a>. <i>Harvard FAS | Mignone Center for Career Success</i>. 12 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Harvard+FAS+%7C+Mignone+Center+for+Career+Success&rft.atitle=Association+of+Professional+Schools+of+International+Affairs+%28APSIA%29+Online+Graduate+School+Fair&rft.date=2023-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcareerservices.fas.harvard.edu%2Fevents%2F2023%2F07%2F20%2Fassociation-of-professional-schools-of-international-affairs-apsia-online-graduate-school-fair%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+St.+Gallen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sia.psu.edu/why-penn-state-sia/apsia">"APSIA Member – Penn State School of International Affairs"</a>. <i>www.sia.psu.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sia.psu.edu&rft.atitle=APSIA+Member+%E2%80%93+Penn+State+School+of+International+Affairs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sia.psu.edu%2Fwhy-penn-state-sia%2Fapsia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+St.+Gallen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ocs.yale.edu/organizations/association-of-professional-schools-of-international-affairs-apsia/">"Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs (APSIA)"</a>. <i>Office of Career Strategy – Yale University</i>. 7 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+Career+Strategy+%E2%80%93+Yale+University&rft.atitle=Association+of+Professional+Schools+of+International+Affairs+%28APSIA%29&rft.date=2023-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Focs.yale.edu%2Forganizations%2Fassociation-of-professional-schools-of-international-affairs-apsia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+St.+Gallen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Triple_accredited_business_schools" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Triple_accreditation" title="Template:Triple accreditation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Triple_accreditation" title="Template talk:Triple accreditation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Triple_accreditation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Triple accreditation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Triple_accredited_business_schools" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Triple_accreditation" title="Triple accreditation">Triple accredited business schools</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_American_University_in_Cairo" class="mw-redirect" title="The American University in Cairo">Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cape_Town_Graduate_School_of_Business&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Cape Town Graduate School of Business (page does not exist)">Cape Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Stellenbosch_Business_School" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Stellenbosch Business School">Stellenbosch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Andes_(Colombia)" title="University of the Andes (Colombia)">Uniandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Get%C3%BAlio_Vargas" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundação Getúlio Vargas">FGV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escola_de_Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Empresas_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo">EAESP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HEC_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="HEC Montreal">HEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IAE_Universidad_Austral" title="IAE Universidad Austral">IAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_de_Estudios_Superiores_de_Administraci%C3%B3n" title="Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Administración">IESA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INCAE_Business_School" title="INCAE Business School">INCAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insper" title="Insper">Insper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Tecnol%C3%B3gico_Aut%C3%B3nomo_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México">ITAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterrey_Institute_of_Technology_and_Higher_Education" title="Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education">ITESM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontificia_Universidad_Cat%C3%B3lica_del_Per%C3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú">PUCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telfer_School_of_Management" title="Telfer School of Management">Telfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Ib%C3%A1%C3%B1ez_University" title="Adolfo Ibáñez University">UAI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Baptist_University" title="Hong Kong Baptist University">Hong Kong Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Calcutta" title="Indian Institute of Management Calcutta">Indian Management Calcutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Indore" title="Indian Institute of Management Indore">Indian Management Indore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_School_of_Business" title="Indian School of Business">Indian Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Management_University" title="Singapore Management University">Singapore Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antai_College_of_Economics_and_Management" title="Antai College of Economics and Management">Shanghai Jiaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen_University" title="Sun Yat-sen University">Sun Yat-sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thammasat_University" title="Thammasat University">Thammasat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongji_University" title="Tongji University">Tongji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_International_Business_and_Economics" title="University of International Business and Economics">International Business and Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_University" title="Xiamen University">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_University" title="Zhejiang University">Zhejiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan_University" title="Wuhan University">Wuhan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aalto_University_School_of_Business" title="Aalto University School of Business">Aalto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aarhus_University,_School_of_Business_and_Social_Sciences" title="Aarhus University, School of Business and Social Sciences">Aarhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Manchester_Business_School" title="Alliance Manchester Business School">Alliance MBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aston_University" title="Aston University">Aston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audencia_Business_School" title="Audencia Business School">Audencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayes_Business_School" title="Bayes Business School">Bayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BI_Norwegian_Business_School" title="BI Norwegian Business School">BI Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Business_School_(University_of_Birmingham)" title="Birmingham Business School (University of Birmingham)">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bradford_School_of_Management" title="University of Bradford School of Management">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%B3lica_Lisbon_School_of_Business_%26_Economics" title="Católica Lisbon School of Business & Economics">CLSBE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranfield_School_of_Management" title="Cranfield School of Management">Cranfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Business_School" title="Copenhagen Business School">CBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_University_Business_School" title="Durham University Business School">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin" title="University College Dublin">UCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDHEC" class="mw-redirect" title="EDHEC">EDHEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_Business_School" title="University of Edinburgh Business School">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emlyon_Business_School" title="Emlyon Business School">Emlyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus_University_Rotterdam" title="Erasmus University Rotterdam">EUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESADE_Business_School" title="ESADE Business School">ESADE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESMT_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="ESMT Berlin">ESMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_sup%C3%A9rieure_des_sciences_commerciales_d%27Angers" title="École supérieure des sciences commerciales d'Angers">ESSCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESSEC_Business_School" title="ESSEC Business School">ESSEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excelia_Group" title="Excelia Group">Excelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Exeter_Business_School" title="University of Exeter Business School">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_School_of_Finance_%26_Management" title="Frankfurt School of Finance & Management">Frankfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith_School_of_Economics_and_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam Smith School of Economics and Finance">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenoble_%C3%A9cole_de_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Grenoble école de management">Grenoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothenburg_School_of_Business,_Economics_and_Law" title="Gothenburg School of Business, Economics and Law">Gothenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanken_School_of_Economics" title="Hanken School of Economics">Hanken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HEC_Paris" title="HEC Paris">HEC Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hult_International_Business_School" title="Hult International Business School">Hult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICN_Graduate_Business_School" class="mw-redirect" title="ICN Graduate Business School">ICN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IE_Business_School" title="IE Business School">IE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IESE_Business_School" title="IESE Business School">IESE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%89SEG_School_of_Management" title="IÉSEG School of Management">IÉSEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Management_Development" title="International Institute for Management Development">IMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Business_School" title="Imperial College Business School">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INSEAD" title="INSEAD">INSEAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KEDGE_Business_School" title="KEDGE Business School">KEDGE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozminski_University" title="Kozminski University">Kozminski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster_University_Management_School" title="Lancaster University Management School">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Business_School" title="London Business School">LBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_University_Business_School" title="Leeds University Business School">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loughborough_University" title="Loughborough University">Loughborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maastricht_University" title="Maastricht University">Maastricht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Mannheim" title="University of Mannheim">Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Metropolitan_University" title="Manchester Metropolitan University">MMU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpellier_Business_School" title="Montpellier Business School">Montpellier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEOMA_Business_School" title="NEOMA Business School">NEOMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_University" title="Newcastle University">Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_School_of_Business_and_Economics" title="Nova School of Business and Economics">Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_University_Business_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Open University Business School">OUBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henley_Business_School" title="Henley Business School">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDA_Bocconi_School_of_Management" title="SDA Bocconi School of Management">SDA Bocconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sheffield_Management_School" title="University of Sheffield Management School">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">St. Gallen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathclyde_Business_School" title="Strathclyde Business School">Strathclyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse_Business_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Toulouse Business School">Toulouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TUM_School_of_Management" title="TUM School of Management">TUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_University_of_Economics_and_Business" title="Vienna University of Economics and Business">Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlerick_Business_School" title="Vlerick Business School">Vlerick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_University_of_Economics_and_Business" title="Prague University of Economics and Business">VŠE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwick_Business_School" title="Warwick Business School">Warwick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Auckland" title="University of Auckland">Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Canterbury" title="University of Canterbury">Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QUT_Business_School" title="QUT Business School">QUT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monash_University" title="Monash University">Monash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waikato" title="University of Waikato">Waikato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_of_Wellington" title="Victoria University of Wellington">Wellington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673354#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673354#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007581057505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/010978">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_St._Gallen&oldid=1254878698">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_St._Gallen&oldid=1254878698</a>"</div></div> <div 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