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custom"><h1 id="初始渲染缓存"><a href="#初始渲染缓存" class="header-anchor">#</a> 初始渲染缓存</h1> <blockquote><p>基础库 2.11.1 开始支持，低版本需做<a href="../compatibility.html">兼容处理</a>。</p></blockquote> <h2 id="初始渲染缓存工作原理"><a href="#初始渲染缓存工作原理" class="header-anchor">#</a> 初始渲染缓存工作原理</h2> <p>小程序页面的初始化分为两个部分。</p> <ul><li>逻辑层初始化：载入必需的小程序代码、初始化页面 this 对象（也包括它涉及到的所有自定义组件的 this 对象）、将相关数据发送给视图层。</li> <li>视图层初始化：载入必需的小程序代码，然后等待逻辑层初始化完毕并接收逻辑层发送的数据，最后渲染页面。</li></ul> <p>在启动页面时，尤其是小程序冷启动、进入第一个页面时，逻辑层初始化的时间较长。在页面初始化过程中，用户将看到小程序的标准载入画面（冷启动时）或可能看到轻微的白屏现象（页面跳转过程中）。</p> <p>启用初始渲染缓存，可以使视图层不需要等待逻辑层初始化完毕，而直接提前将页面初始 data 的渲染结果展示给用户，这可以使得页面对用户可见的时间大大提前。它的工作原理如下：</p> <ul><li>在小程序页面第一次被打开后，将页面初始数据渲染结果记录下来，写入一个持久化的缓存区域（缓存可长时间保留，但可能因为小程序更新、基础库更新、储存空间回收等原因被清除）；</li> <li>在这个页面被第二次打开时，检查缓存中是否还存有这个页面上一次初始数据的渲染结果，如果有，就直接将渲染结果展示出来；</li> <li>如果展示了缓存中的渲染结果，这个页面暂时还不能响应用户事件，等到逻辑层初始化完毕后才能响应用户事件。</li></ul> <p>利用初始渲染缓存，可以：</p> <ul><li>快速展示出页面中永远不会变的部分，如导航栏；</li> <li>预先展示一个骨架页，提升用户体验；</li> <li>展示自定义的加载提示；</li> <li>提前展示广告，等等。</li></ul> <h2 id="支持的组件"><a href="#支持的组件" class="header-anchor">#</a> 支持的组件</h2> <p>在初始渲染缓存阶段中，复杂组件不能被展示或不能响应交互。</p> <p>目前支持的内置组件：</p> <ul><li><code><view /></code></li> <li><code><text /></code></li> <li><code><button /></code></li> <li><code><image /></code></li> <li><code><scroll-view /></code></li> <li><code><rich-text /></code></li></ul> <p>自定义组件本身可以被展示（但它们里面用到的内置组件也遵循上述限制）。</p> <h2 id="静态初始渲染缓存"><a href="#静态初始渲染缓存" class="header-anchor">#</a> 静态初始渲染缓存</h2> <p>若想启用初始渲染缓存，最简单的方法是在页面的 <code>json</code> 文件中添加配置项 <code>"initialRenderingCache": "static"</code> ：</p> <div class="language-json extra-class"><pre class="language-json"><code><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"initialRenderingCache"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"static"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre></div><p>如果想要对所有页面启用，可以在 <code>app.json</code> 的 <code>window</code> 配置段中添加这个配置：</p> <div class="language-json extra-class"><pre class="language-json"><code><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"window"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"initialRenderingCache"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"static"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre></div><p>添加这个配置项之后，在手机中预览小程序首页，然后杀死小程序再次进入，就会通过初始渲染缓存来渲染首页。</p> <p>注意：这种情况下，初始渲染缓存记录的是页面 data 应用在页面 WXML 上的结果，不包含任何 setData 的结果。</p> <p>例如，如果想要在页面中展示出“正在加载”几个字，这几个字受到 <code>loading</code> 数据字段控制：</p> <div class="language-html extra-class"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>view</span> <span class="token attr-name"><span class="token namespace">wx:</span>if</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>{{loading}}<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>正在加载<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>view</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre></div><p>这种情况下， <code>loading</code> 应当在 <code>data</code> 中指定为 <code>true</code> ，如：</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token comment">// 正确的做法</span> <span class="token function">Page</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">data</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">loading</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre></div><p>而不能通过 <code>setData</code> 将 <code>loading</code> 置为 <code>true</code> ：</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token comment">// 错误的做法！不要这么做！</span> <span class="token function">Page</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">data</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function-variable function">onLoad</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">loading</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre></div><p>换而言之，这种做法只包含页面 <code>data</code> 的渲染结果，即页面的纯静态成分。</p> <h2 id="在初始渲染缓存中添加动态内容"><a href="#在初始渲染缓存中添加动态内容" class="header-anchor">#</a> 在初始渲染缓存中添加动态内容</h2> <p>有些场景中，只是页面 <code>data</code> 的渲染结果会比较局限。有时会想要额外展示一些可变的内容，如展示的广告图片 URL 等。</p> <p>这种情况下可以使用“动态”初始渲染缓存的方式。首先，配置 <code>"initialRenderingCache": "dynamic"</code> ：</p> <div class="language-json extra-class"><pre class="language-json"><code><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"initialRenderingCache"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"dynamic"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre></div><p>此时，初始渲染缓存不会被自动启用，还需要在页面中调用 <code>this.setInitialRenderingCache(dynamicData)</code> 才能启用。其中， <code>dynamicData</code> 是一组数据，与 <code>data</code> 一起参与页面 WXML 渲染。</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token function">Page</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">data</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">loading</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function-variable function">onReady</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setInitialRenderingCache</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">loadingHint</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'正在加载'</span> <span class="token comment">// 这一部分数据将被应用于界面上，相当于在初始 data 基础上额外进行一次 setData</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre></div><div class="language-html extra-class"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>view</span> <span class="token attr-name"><span class="token namespace">wx:</span>if</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>{{loading}}<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>{{loadingHint}}<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>view</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre></div><p>从原理上说，在动态生成初始渲染缓存的方式下，页面会在后台使用动态数据重新渲染一次，因而开销相对较大。因而要尽量避免频繁调用 <code>this.setInitialRenderingCache</code> ，如果在一个页面内多次调用，仅最后一次调用生效。</p> <p>注意：</p> <ul><li><code>this.setInitialRenderingCache</code> 调用时机不能早于 <code>Page</code> 的 <code>onReady</code> 或 <code>Component</code> 的 <code>ready</code> 生命周期，否则可能对性能有负面影响。</li> <li>如果想禁用初始渲染缓存，调用 <code>this.setInitialRenderingCache(null)</code> 。</li></ul></div> <div class="fixed-translate" style="display:none;"><span>The translations are provided by WeChat Translation and are for reference only. 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