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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" 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class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Icarus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 68 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaros" title="Ikaros – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ikaros" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AE%E1%88%B5" title="ኢካሮስ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኢካሮስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="إيكاروس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيكاروس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0kar_(mifologiya)" title="İkar (mifologiya) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İkar (mifologiya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8" title="ইকারোস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইকারোস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ікар – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ікар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ікар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ікар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Икар – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Икар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaros" title="Ikaros – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ikaros" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dcar" title="Ícar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ícar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dkaros" title="Íkaros – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Íkaros" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icaru" title="Icaru – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Icaru" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icarus" title="Icarus – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Icarus" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaros" title="Ikaros – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ikaros" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikarus" title="Ikarus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ikarus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaros" title="Ikaros – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ikaros" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8A%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Ίκαρος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ίκαρος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dcaro" title="Ícaro – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ícaro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaro" title="Ikaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ikaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaro" title="Ikaro – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ikaro" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ایکاروس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایکاروس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icare" title="Icare – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Icare" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dcaro" title="Ícaro – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ícaro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%B9%B4%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4" title="이카로스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이카로스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Իկարոս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իկարոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikar" title="Ikar – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ikar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaros" title="Ikaros – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ikaros" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaros" title="Ikaros – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ikaros" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dkaros" title="Íkaros – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Íkaros" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icaro" title="Icaro – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Icaro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1" title="איקרוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איקרוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="იკაროსი (მითოლოგია) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იკაროსი (მითოლოგია)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ekaros" title="Îkaros – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îkaros" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icarus" title="Icarus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Icarus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikars" title="Ikars – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ikars" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaras" title="Ikaras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ikaras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikarosz" title="Ikarosz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ikarosz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Икар – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Икар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaros" title="Ikaros – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ikaros" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81" title="Икарус – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Икарус" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icarus" title="Icarus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Icarus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B9" title="イーカロス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イーカロス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaros" title="Ikaros – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ikaros" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaros" title="Ikaros – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ikaros" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icar" title="Icar – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Icar" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikar_(mifologiya)" title="Ikar (mifologiya) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ikar (mifologiya)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8" title="ਇੱਕਾਰਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇੱਕਾਰਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikar" title="Ikar – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ikar" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dcaro" title="Ícaro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ícaro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icar" title="Icar – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Icar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Икар – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Икар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icarus" title="Icarus – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Icarus" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikari" title="Ikari – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ikari" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icarus" title="Icarus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Icarus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikar_(mitologija)" title="Ikar (mitologija) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ikar (mitologija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Икар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Икар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikar" title="Ikar – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ikar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaros" title="Ikaros – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ikaros" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaros" title="Ikaros – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ikaros" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icarus" title="Icarus – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Icarus" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="இகாரசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இகாரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Икар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Икар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA" title="อิคะเริส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อิคะเริส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0karus" title="İkarus – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İkarus" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ікар – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ікар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icarus" title="Icarus – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Icarus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%AF" title="伊卡洛斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伊卡洛斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%AF" title="伊卡洛斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊卡洛斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Icarus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Icarus (disambiguation)">Icarus (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gowy-icaro-prado.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Gowy-icaro-prado.jpg/220px-Gowy-icaro-prado.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Gowy-icaro-prado.jpg/330px-Gowy-icaro-prado.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Gowy-icaro-prado.jpg/440px-Gowy-icaro-prado.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="2554" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Peter_Gowy" title="Jacob Peter Gowy">Jacob Peter Gowy</a>'s <i>The Fall of Icarus</i> (1635–1637)</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>, <b>Icarus</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἴκαρος</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Íkaros</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="grc-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[ǐːkaros]</a></span>) was the son of the <a href="/wiki/Master_craftsman" title="Master craftsman">master craftsman</a> <a href="/wiki/Daedalus" title="Daedalus">Daedalus</a>, the architect of the <a href="/wiki/Labyrinth" title="Labyrinth">labyrinth</a> of <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>. After <a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> and enemy of <a href="/wiki/King_Minos" class="mw-redirect" title="King Minos">King Minos</a>, escaped from the labyrinth, Minos suspected that Icarus and Daedalus had revealed the labyrinth's secrets and imprisoned them—either in a large tower overlooking the ocean or in the labyrinth itself, depending upon the account.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Icarus and Daedalus escaped using wings Daedalus constructed from birds’ molted feathers, threads from blankets, the leather straps from their sandals, and beeswax.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before escaping, Daedalus warned Icarus not to fly too low or the water would soak the feathers and not to fly too close to the sun or the heat would melt the wax.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Icarus ignored Daedalus's instructions not to fly too close to the sun, causing the beeswax in his wings to melt. Icarus fell from the sky, plunged into the sea, and drowned. The myth gave rise to the idiom, "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fly_too_close_to_the_sun" class="extiw" title="wikt:fly too close to the sun">fly too close to the sun</a>." In some versions of the tale, Daedalus and Icarus escape by ship.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_legend">The legend</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icarus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The legend"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaziantep_Zeugma_Museum_Daedalus_mosaic_1871.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gaziantep_Zeugma_Museum_Daedalus_mosaic_1871.jpg/220px-Gaziantep_Zeugma_Museum_Daedalus_mosaic_1871.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gaziantep_Zeugma_Museum_Daedalus_mosaic_1871.jpg/330px-Gaziantep_Zeugma_Museum_Daedalus_mosaic_1871.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gaziantep_Zeugma_Museum_Daedalus_mosaic_1871.jpg/440px-Gaziantep_Zeugma_Museum_Daedalus_mosaic_1871.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Daedalus" title="Daedalus">Daedalus</a>, Icarus, Queen <a href="/wiki/Pasipha%C3%AB" title="Pasiphaë">Pasiphaë</a>, and two of her attendants in a <a href="/wiki/Roman_mosaic" title="Roman mosaic">Roman mosaic</a> from <a href="/wiki/Zeugma,_Commagene" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeugma, Commagene">Zeugma, Commagene</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:At_Tenerife_2021_0099.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/At_Tenerife_2021_0099.jpg/220px-At_Tenerife_2021_0099.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/At_Tenerife_2021_0099.jpg/330px-At_Tenerife_2021_0099.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/At_Tenerife_2021_0099.jpg/440px-At_Tenerife_2021_0099.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6376" data-file-height="4251" /></a><figcaption>Ícaro Salvado (<i>Icarus Saved</i>), work of Julio Nieto. <a href="/wiki/La_Matanza_de_Acentejo" title="La Matanza de Acentejo">La Matanza de Acentejo</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Fall_of_Icarus,_fresco_from_Pompeii,_40-79_AD.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/The_Fall_of_Icarus%2C_fresco_from_Pompeii%2C_40-79_AD.png/189px-The_Fall_of_Icarus%2C_fresco_from_Pompeii%2C_40-79_AD.png" decoding="async" width="189" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/The_Fall_of_Icarus%2C_fresco_from_Pompeii%2C_40-79_AD.png/284px-The_Fall_of_Icarus%2C_fresco_from_Pompeii%2C_40-79_AD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/The_Fall_of_Icarus%2C_fresco_from_Pompeii%2C_40-79_AD.png/379px-The_Fall_of_Icarus%2C_fresco_from_Pompeii%2C_40-79_AD.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><i>The Fall of Icarus.</i> Antique fresco from <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>, 40–79 AD</figcaption></figure> <p>Icarus's father <a href="/wiki/Daedalus" title="Daedalus">Daedalus</a>, a very talented <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athenian</a> craftsman, built a <a href="/wiki/Cretan_Labyrinth" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan Labyrinth">labyrinth</a> for <a href="/wiki/Minos" title="Minos">King Minos</a> of Crete near his palace at <a href="/wiki/Knossos" title="Knossos">Knossos</a> to imprison the <a href="/wiki/Minotaur" title="Minotaur">Minotaur</a>, a half-man, half-bull monster born of his wife and the <a href="/wiki/Cretan_bull" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan bull">Cretan bull</a>. Minos imprisoned Daedalus himself in the labyrinth because he believed Daedalus gave Minos's daughter, <a href="/wiki/Ariadne" title="Ariadne">Ariadne</a>, a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clew" class="extiw" title="wikt:clew">clew</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (or ball of string) in order to help <a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a> escape the labyrinth and defeat the Minotaur. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pompeya_Villa_Imperiale_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Pompeya_Villa_Imperiale_08.jpg/184px-Pompeya_Villa_Imperiale_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Pompeya_Villa_Imperiale_08.jpg/276px-Pompeya_Villa_Imperiale_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Pompeya_Villa_Imperiale_08.jpg/369px-Pompeya_Villa_Imperiale_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="2887" /></a><figcaption>A fresco in <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a> depicting Daedalus and Icarus, 1st century</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herbert_Draper_-_The_Lament_for_Icarus_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Herbert_Draper_-_The_Lament_for_Icarus_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Herbert_Draper_-_The_Lament_for_Icarus_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Herbert_Draper_-_The_Lament_for_Icarus_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Herbert_Draper_-_The_Lament_for_Icarus_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Herbert_Draper_-_The_Lament_for_Icarus_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Herbert_Draper_-_The_Lament_for_Icarus_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2285" data-file-height="2703" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lament_for_Icarus" title="The Lament for Icarus">The Lament for Icarus</a></i> (1898) by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_James_Draper" title="Herbert James Draper">H. J. Draper</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Daedalus fashioned two pairs of wings for himself and his son, made of metal feathers held to a leather frame by beeswax. Before trying to escape the island, he warned his son to follow his flight path and not fly too close to the sun or the sea. Overcome by giddiness while flying, Icarus disobeyed his father and soared higher into the sky. Without warning, the heat from the sun softened (and melted) the wax. Icarus could feel melted wax dripping down his arms. The feathers then fell one by one. Icarus kept flapping his "wings", trying to stay aloft. But he realized that he had no feathers left. He was only flapping his bare arms. He also saw loose feathers falling like snowflakes. Finally, he fell into the sea, sank to the bottom, and drowned. Daedalus wept for his son and called the nearest land <a href="/wiki/Icaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Icaria">Icaria</a> (an island southwest of <a href="/wiki/Samos" title="Samos">Samos</a>) in the memory of him. </p><p>Today, the supposed site of his burial on the island bears his name, and the sea near Icaria in which he drowned is called the <a href="/wiki/Icarian_Sea" title="Icarian Sea">Icarian Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With much grief, Daedalus went to the temple of Apollo in Sicily, hung up his own wings as an offering, and promised to never attempt to fly again.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Scholia" title="Scholia">scholia</a> on <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, Icarus thought himself greater than <a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> himself, and the god punished him by directing his powerful rays at him, melting the beeswax. Afterwards, it was Helios who named the Icarian Sea after Icarus.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hellenistic writers give <a href="/wiki/Euhemerism" title="Euhemerism">euhemerising</a> variants in which the escape from Crete was actually by boat, provided by <a href="/wiki/Pasipha%C3%AB" title="Pasiphaë">Pasiphaë</a>, for which Daedalus invented the first sails, to outstrip Minos's pursuing <a href="/wiki/Galley" title="Galley">galleys</a>, that Icarus fell overboard en route to <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> and drowned, and that <a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a> erected a tomb for him.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classical_literature">Classical literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icarus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Classical literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Accounts of Icarus's story are found in Pseudo-Apollodorus's <i><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Bibliotheca</a></i> (Epitome i.12–13); Diodorus Siculus's <i><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_historica" title="Bibliotheca historica">Bibliotheca historica</a></i> (4.77.5–9); Hyginus's <i><a href="/wiki/Fabulae" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a></i> (40); Virgil's <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i> (vi.14–33); and Ovid's <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i> (viii.183–235). A number of other ancient writers allude to the story in passing, notably <a href="/wiki/Lucian" title="Lucian">Lucian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The account by <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Apollodorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo-Apollodorus">Pseudo-Apollodorus</a> is brief.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>'s account in the <i>Metamorphoses</i> is among the lengthiest, and the Latin poet refers to Icarus's myth elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, among the <a href="/wiki/Augustan_literature_(ancient_Rome)" title="Augustan literature (ancient Rome)">Augustan</a> writers who wrote about it in Latin in his <i>Fabulae</i>, tells of the bovine love affair of <a href="/wiki/Pasipha%C3%AB" title="Pasiphaë">Pasiphaë</a>, daughter of the Sun, that resulted in the birth of the <a href="/wiki/Minotaur" title="Minotaur">Minotaur</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medieval,_Renaissance,_and_modern_literature"><span id="Medieval.2C_Renaissance.2C_and_modern_literature"></span>Medieval, Renaissance, and modern literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icarus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Medieval, Renaissance, and modern literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ovid's version of the Icarus myth and its connection to <a href="/wiki/Phaethon" title="Phaethon">Phaethon</a> influenced the mythological tradition in <a href="/wiki/English_literature" title="English literature">English literature</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reflected in the writings of <a href="/wiki/Chaucer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaucer">Chaucer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe" title="Christopher Marlowe">Marlowe</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">Joyce</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Renaissance <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">iconography</a>, the significance of Icarus depends on context: in the Orion Fountain at Messina, he is one of many figures associated with water; but he is also shown on the Bankruptcy Court of the Amsterdam Town Hall – where he <a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">symbolizes</a> high-flying ambition.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 16th-century painting <i><a href="/wiki/Landscape_with_the_Fall_of_Icarus" title="Landscape with the Fall of Icarus">Landscape with the Fall of Icarus</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) attributed to <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder" title="Pieter Bruegel the Elder">Pieter Bruegel the Elder</a>, was the inspiration for two of the 20th century's most notable <a href="/wiki/Ekphrasis" title="Ekphrasis">ekphrastic</a> English-language poems, "<a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux_Arts_(poem)" title="Musée des Beaux Arts (poem)">Musée des Beaux Arts</a>" by <a href="/wiki/W._H._Auden" title="W. H. Auden">W. H. Auden</a> and "<a href="/wiki/Landscape_with_the_Fall_of_Icarus_(poem)" title="Landscape with the Fall of Icarus (poem)">Landscape with the Fall of Icarus</a>" by <a href="/wiki/William_Carlos_Williams" title="William Carlos Williams">William Carlos Williams</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other English-language poems referring to the Icarus myth are "To a Friend Whose Work Has Come to Triumph" by <a href="/wiki/Anne_Sexton" title="Anne Sexton">Anne Sexton</a>; "Icarus" by <a href="/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike">John Updike</a>; "Icarus Again" by Alan Devenish; "Mrs Icarus" by <a href="/wiki/Carol_Ann_Duffy" title="Carol Ann Duffy">Carol Ann Duffy</a>; "Failing and Flying" by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Gilbert" title="Jack Gilbert">Jack Gilbert</a>; "It Should Have Been Winter" by Nancy Chen Long, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.subruria.com/release-one/up-like-icarus">Up like Icarus</a>" by Mark Antony Owen, "Age 10, 3am" by Sheri Wright, and "Yesterday's Myth" by Jennifer Chang. While the myth is a major subtext throughout Hiromi Yoshida's full-length poetry book <i>Green Roses Bloom for Icarus</i> (2024), Icarus is a metaphor for troubled modern young men in the Norwegian <a href="/wiki/Axel_Jensen" title="Axel Jensen">Axel Jensen</a>'s novel <i>Icarus: A Young Man in Sahara</i> (1957). He is also the subject of the 2017 novel, <i>Icarus</i>, by Adam Wing. According to the <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Book_Review" title="The New York Times Book Review">New York Times Book Review</a>, the hero of Andrew Boryga’s “Victim” is an “inner-city Icarus” who exaggerates his victimization narrative until it implodes.<sup id="cite_ref-s518_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s518-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fall_of_Icarus_Blondel_decoration_Louvre_INV2624.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Sun, or the Fall of Icarus (1819) by Merry-Joseph Blondel, in the Rotunda of Apollo at the Louvre"><img alt="The Sun, or the Fall of Icarus (1819) by Merry-Joseph Blondel, in the Rotunda of Apollo at the Louvre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Fall_of_Icarus_Blondel_decoration_Louvre_INV2624.jpg/176px-Fall_of_Icarus_Blondel_decoration_Louvre_INV2624.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Fall_of_Icarus_Blondel_decoration_Louvre_INV2624.jpg/264px-Fall_of_Icarus_Blondel_decoration_Louvre_INV2624.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Fall_of_Icarus_Blondel_decoration_Louvre_INV2624.jpg/352px-Fall_of_Icarus_Blondel_decoration_Louvre_INV2624.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2580" data-file-height="2930" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Sun, or the Fall of Icarus</i> (1819) by <a href="/wiki/Merry-Joseph_Blondel" title="Merry-Joseph Blondel">Merry-Joseph Blondel</a>, in the Rotunda of Apollo at the <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:De_val_van_Icarus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A 16th century print of Icarus falling.[27]"><img alt="A 16th century print of Icarus falling.[27]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/De_val_van_Icarus.jpg/200px-De_val_van_Icarus.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/De_val_van_Icarus.jpg/300px-De_val_van_Icarus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/De_val_van_Icarus.jpg/400px-De_val_van_Icarus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3915" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A 16th century print of Icarus falling.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pieter_Bruegel_de_Oude_-_De_val_van_Icarus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="In Bruegel's Landscape with the Fall of Icarus (c. 1558) the fallen Icarus is a small detail at lower right."><img alt="In Bruegel's Landscape with the Fall of Icarus (c. 1558) the fallen Icarus is a small detail at lower right." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Pieter_Bruegel_de_Oude_-_De_val_van_Icarus.jpg/200px-Pieter_Bruegel_de_Oude_-_De_val_van_Icarus.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Pieter_Bruegel_de_Oude_-_De_val_van_Icarus.jpg/300px-Pieter_Bruegel_de_Oude_-_De_val_van_Icarus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Pieter_Bruegel_de_Oude_-_De_val_van_Icarus.jpg/400px-Pieter_Bruegel_de_Oude_-_De_val_van_Icarus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1278" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">In <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder" title="Pieter Bruegel the Elder">Bruegel</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Landscape_with_the_Fall_of_Icarus" title="Landscape with the Fall of Icarus">Landscape with the Fall of Icarus</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1558</span>) the fallen Icarus is a small detail at lower right.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ikaria_and_Ikarus_graffiti_at_Evdilos,_Ikaria_island_-_Greece.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Modern street art of Icaria island and falling Icarus just outside the village of Evdilos on Icaria, Greece"><img alt="Modern street art of Icaria island and falling Icarus just outside the village of Evdilos on Icaria, Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ikaria_and_Ikarus_graffiti_at_Evdilos%2C_Ikaria_island_-_Greece.jpg/200px-Ikaria_and_Ikarus_graffiti_at_Evdilos%2C_Ikaria_island_-_Greece.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ikaria_and_Ikarus_graffiti_at_Evdilos%2C_Ikaria_island_-_Greece.jpg/300px-Ikaria_and_Ikarus_graffiti_at_Evdilos%2C_Ikaria_island_-_Greece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ikaria_and_Ikarus_graffiti_at_Evdilos%2C_Ikaria_island_-_Greece.jpg/400px-Ikaria_and_Ikarus_graffiti_at_Evdilos%2C_Ikaria_island_-_Greece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Modern street art of <a href="/wiki/Icaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Icaria">Icaria</a> island and falling Icarus just outside the village of <a href="/wiki/Evdilos" title="Evdilos">Evdilos</a> on Icaria, Greece </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretation">Interpretation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icarus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Interpretation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%27The_Fall_of_Icarus%27,_17th_century,_Mus%C3%A9e_Antoine_Vivenel.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%27The_Fall_of_Icarus%27%2C_17th_century%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_Antoine_Vivenel.JPG/250px-%27The_Fall_of_Icarus%27%2C_17th_century%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_Antoine_Vivenel.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%27The_Fall_of_Icarus%27%2C_17th_century%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_Antoine_Vivenel.JPG/330px-%27The_Fall_of_Icarus%27%2C_17th_century%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_Antoine_Vivenel.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%27The_Fall_of_Icarus%27%2C_17th_century%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_Antoine_Vivenel.JPG/500px-%27The_Fall_of_Icarus%27%2C_17th_century%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_Antoine_Vivenel.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2885" data-file-height="1640" /></a><figcaption>17th-century <a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">relief</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Labyrinth" title="Labyrinth">Cretan labyrinth</a> bottom right <i>(<a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Antoine_Vivenel" title="Musée Antoine Vivenel">Musée Antoine Vivenel</a>)</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Literary interpretation has considered the myth of Icarus as a consequence of excessive ambition.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An Icarus-related study of the <a href="/wiki/Daedalus" title="Daedalus">Daedalus</a> myth was published by the French <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_studies" title="Hellenic studies">hellenist</a> <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Frontisi-Ducroux" class="extiw" title="fr:Françoise Frontisi-Ducroux">Françoise Frontisi-Ducroux</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In psychology, there have been synthetic studies of the <i>Icarus complex</i> with respect to the alleged relationship between fascination for fire, <a href="/wiki/Enuresis" title="Enuresis">enuresis</a>, high ambition, and Ascensionism.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the psychiatric mind, features of disease were perceived in the shape of the pendulous emotional ecstatic-<i>high</i> and depressive-<i>low</i> of bipolar disorder. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Murray" title="Henry Murray">Henry Murray</a> having proposed the term <i>Icarus complex</i>, apparently found symptoms particularly in mania where a person is fond of heights, fascinated by both fire and water, <i><a href="/wiki/Narcissism" title="Narcissism">narcissistic</a></i> and observed with fantastical or <i>far-fetched imaginary</i> cognition.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Seth_Godin" title="Seth Godin">Seth Godin</a>'s 2012 <i>The Icarus Deception,</i> points to the historical change in how Western culture both propagated and interpreted the Icarus myth arguing that "We tend to forget that Icarus was also warned not to fly too low, because seawater would ruin the lift in his wings. Flying too low is even more dangerous than flying too high, because it feels deceptively safe."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each study and analysis of the myth agrees Icarus was too ambitious for his own good. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icarus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Parthenon_from_west.jpg/32px-Parthenon_from_west.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Parthenon_from_west.jpg/48px-Parthenon_from_west.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Parthenon_from_west.jpg/64px-Parthenon_from_west.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Greece" title="Portal:Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Draig.svg/32px-Draig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Draig.svg/48px-Draig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Draig.svg/64px-Draig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="475" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Myths" title="Portal:Myths">Myths portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bladud" title="Bladud">Bladud</a>, a legendary king of the Britons, purported to have met his death when his constructed wings failed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etana" title="Etana">Etana</a>, a sort of "Babylonian Icarus"<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kua_Fu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kua Fu">Kua Fu</a>, a Chinese myth about a giant who chased the sun and died while getting too close</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampati" title="Sampati">Sampati</a>, an Indian myth about a bird which lost its wings while trying to save its younger brother from the sun</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kid_Icarus_(series)" title="Kid Icarus (series)">Kid Icarus</a>, a Nintendo video game series based on the Icarus myths</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icarus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMarch2014" class="citation book cs1">March, Jennifer R. (2014). <i>Dictionary of Classical Mythology</i> (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxbow Books. p. 260. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781782976356" title="Special:BookSources/9781782976356"><bdi>9781782976356</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Classical+Mythology&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=260&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxbow+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781782976356&rft.aulast=March&rft.aufirst=Jennifer+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIcarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ovid.lib.virginia.edu/trans/Metamorph8.htm">"Metamorphoses (Kline) 8, the Ovid Collection, Univ. of Virginia E-Text Center"</a>. <i>ovid.lib.virginia.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ovid.lib.virginia.edu&rft.atitle=Metamorphoses+%28Kline%29+8%2C+the+Ovid+Collection%2C+Univ.+of+Virginia+E-Text+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fovid.lib.virginia.edu%2Ftrans%2FMetamorph8.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIcarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commonlit.org/en/texts/the-myth-of-daedalus-and-icarus">"CommonLit | The Myth of Daedalus and Icarus by Ovid"</a>. <i>CommonLit</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CommonLit&rft.atitle=CommonLit+%7C+The+Myth+of+Daedalus+and+Icarus+by+Ovid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commonlit.org%2Fen%2Ftexts%2Fthe-myth-of-daedalus-and-icarus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIcarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFElder2015" class="citation book cs1">Elder, Pliny the (21 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dwvSBgAAQBAJ"><i>Pliny the Elder: The Natural History Book VII (with Book VIII 1–34)</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 236. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4725-2101-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4725-2101-9"><bdi>978-1-4725-2101-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pliny+the+Elder%3A+The+Natural+History+Book+VII+%28with+Book+VIII+1%E2%80%9334%29&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2015-05-21&rft.isbn=978-1-4725-2101-9&rft.aulast=Elder&rft.aufirst=Pliny+the&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdwvSBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIcarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clew" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:clew">clew</a> – a ball of yarn or thread. The etymology of the word "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clue" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:clue">clue</a>" is a direct reference to this story of the Labyrinth.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGraves1955" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves">Graves, Robert</a> (1955). "92 – Daedalus and Talus". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Greek_Myths" title="The Greek Myths">The Greek Myths</a></i>. Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-007602-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-007602-6"><bdi>0-14-007602-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=92+%E2%80%93+Daedalus+and+Talus&rft.btitle=The+Greek+Myths&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1955&rft.isbn=0-14-007602-6&rft.aulast=Graves&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIcarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bullfinch" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Bullfinch">Thomas Bullfinch</a> - The Age of Fable Stories of Gods and Heroes <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kundaliniawakeningsystems1.com/downloads/thomas-bulfinchs-mythology-age-of-fable-vols1&2.pdf"><i>KundaliniAwakeningSystem.com</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124162013/http://www.kundaliniawakeningsystems1.com/downloads/thomas-bulfinchs-mythology-age-of-fable-vols1%262.pdf">Archived</a> 24 January 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> & The Internet Classics Archive by Daniel C. Stevenson : Ovid – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classics.mit.edu/Ovid/metam.8.eighth.html">Metamorphoses – Book VIII</a> + Translated by <a href="/wiki/Rolfe_Humphries" title="Rolfe Humphries">Rolfe Humphries</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dl.ket.org/humanities/literature/litpacket/metamorphoses.htm">KET Distance Learning</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120614120213/http://www.dl.ket.org/humanities/literature/litpacket/metamorphoses.htm">Archived</a> 14 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 24 January 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Translated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=A._S._Kline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. S. Kline (page does not exist)">A. S. Kline</a> – <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Virginia Library">University of Virginia Library</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/latin/ovid/trans/Metamorph8.htm#_Toc482327661/">.edu</a> Retrieved 3 July 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docslib.org/doc/4909738/icarus-and-daedalus-pdf">"Icarus and Daedalus.Pdf"</a>. <i>Docslib</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Docslib&rft.atitle=Icarus+and+Daedalus.Pdf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocslib.org%2Fdoc%2F4909738%2Ficarus-and-daedalus-pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIcarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMastronarde2017" class="citation book cs1">Mastronarde, Donald J. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/content/qt5p2939zc/qt5p2939zc_noSplash_e32bfabd1126d088150b59583c6c9c38.pdf"><i>Preliminary Studies On the Scholia to Euripides</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Berkeley, California: California Classical Studies. pp. <span class="nowrap">149–</span>150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781939926104" title="Special:BookSources/9781939926104"><bdi>9781939926104</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Preliminary+Studies+On+the+Scholia+to+Euripides&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E149-%3C%2Fspan%3E150&rft.pub=California+Classical+Studies&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781939926104&rft.aulast=Mastronarde&rft.aufirst=Donald+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fcontent%2Fqt5p2939zc%2Fqt5p2939zc_noSplash_e32bfabd1126d088150b59583c6c9c38.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIcarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith,_William1867" class="citation book cs1">Smith, William, ed. (1867). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfGreekAndRomanBiographyAndMythology"><i>A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Biography+and+Mythology&rft.date=1867&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FDictionaryOfGreekAndRomanBiographyAndMythology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIcarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPinsent1982" class="citation book cs1">Pinsent, J. (1982). <i>Greek Mythology</i>. New York: Peter Bedrick Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-600-55023-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-600-55023-0"><bdi>0-600-55023-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+Mythology&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Peter+Bedrick+Books&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-600-55023-0&rft.aulast=Pinsent&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIcarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icaromenippus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Icaromenippus (page does not exist)">Icaromenippus</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaromenippos" class="extiw" title="fi:Ikaromenippos">fi</a>]</span></i> (about Menippus's Icarus-like flight), but also in <i>The Dream</i>, 24; <i>Essays in Portraiture</i>, 21; <i>The Ship</i>, 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Epitome<i> of the </i>Biblioteca</a></i> i.12–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gareth D. Williams, <i>Banished voices: readings in Ovid's Exile Poetry</i> (Cambridge University Press, 1994), p. 132 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LgvkDl59Av8C&dq=ovid+icarus+phaethon+OR+phaeton&pg=PA132">online</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Knox, <i>A Companion to Ovid</i> (Blackwell, 2009), p. 424 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zMMeWI2xbPkC&dq=%22The+figure+of+Ovid+is+never+far+from+the+scenes%22&pg=PA424">online</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jane Chance, <i>The Mythographic Chaucer</i> (University of Michigan Press, 1995), p. 65 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OGJcl_YyVPsC&dq=ovid+icarus+phaethon+OR+phaeton&pg=PA65">online</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Troni Y. Grande, <i>Marlovian Tragedy</i> (Associated University Presses, 1990), pp. 14 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FINn3Y3IgW0C&dq=%22Icarus+and+Phaeton+as+types+of+the+Marlovian+%22over-reacher%22%22&pg=PA14">online</a>, 40–42 <i>et passim</i>; Frederic B. Tromly, <i>Playing with Desire: Christopher Tantalization</i> (University of Toronto Press, 1998), p. 181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coppélia Kahn, <i>Man's estate: Masculine Identity in Shakespeare</i> (University of California Press, 1981), p. 53 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JzEnuYAt5rUC&dq=ovid+shakespeare+icarus+phaethon+OR+phaeton&pg=PA53">online</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Su Fang Nu, <i>Literature and the Politics of Family in Seventeenth-Century England</i> (Cambridge University Press, 2007), p. 154 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XtHEgx0odbEC&dq=ovid+milton+icarus+phaethon+OR+phaeton&pg=PA154">online</a>; <a href="/wiki/R.J._Zwi_Werblowsky" class="mw-redirect" title="R.J. Zwi Werblowsky">R.J. Zwi Werblowsky</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Lucifer_and_Prometheus" title="Lucifer and Prometheus">Lucifer and Prometheus</a></i> (Routledge, 2001, reprinted from 1952), p. 32 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MsR909HjyGkC&dq=%22such+hubris+legends+as%22&pg=PA32">online</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. J. Schork, <i>Latin and Roman Culture in Joyce</i> (University Press of Florida, 1997), p. 160 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HWS8zlRxZ48C&q=Icarus+Phaethon&pg=PA160">online</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. H. Gombrich, <i>Symbolic Images; Studies in the Art of the Renaissance</i> (London, 1972); p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"On doute que l'exécution soit de Pieter I Bruegel mais la conception Lui est par contre attribuée avec certitude", <a href="/wiki/Royal_Museums_of_Fine_Arts_of_Belgium" title="Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium">Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120327082944/http://www.fine-arts-museum.be/fabritiusweb/FullBBBody.csp?SearchMethod=Find_1&Profile=Default&OpacLanguage=fre&RequestId=352686_1&RecordNumber=0CSPCHD=000100030001318j79f5000821052062">"Description détaillée"</a> (in French). Archived from the original on 27 March 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">de Vries, Lyckle (2003). "Bruegel's "Fall of Icarus": Ovid or Solomon?". Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art. Stichting voor Nederlandse Kunsthistorische Publicaties. 30 (1/2): 4–18. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3780948">3780948</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/nov/14/ten-best-ekphrasis-john-mullan">"Ten of the best: examples of ekphrasis"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i>. 14 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ten+of+the+best%3A+examples+of+ekphrasis&rft.date=2009-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2009%2Fnov%2F14%2Ften-best-ekphrasis-john-mullan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIcarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s518-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-s518_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAskaripour2024" class="citation web cs1">Askaripour, Mateo (9 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/09/books/review/victim-andrew-boryga.html">"Book Review: 'Victim,' by Andrew Boryga"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Book+Review%3A+%27Victim%2C%27+by+Andrew+Boryga&rft.date=2024-03-09&rft.aulast=Askaripour&rft.aufirst=Mateo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F03%2F09%2Fbooks%2Freview%2Fvictim-andrew-boryga.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIcarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib.ugent.be/viewer/archive.ugent.be:D1CDDE7A-78F2-11EA-9B8B-089BA936FAF6#?c=&m=&s=&cv=&xywh=-2235,296,8825,4736">"De val van Icarus"</a>. <i>lib.ugent.be</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lib.ugent.be&rft.atitle=De+val+van+Icarus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flib.ugent.be%2Fviewer%2Farchive.ugent.be%3AD1CDDE7A-78F2-11EA-9B8B-089BA936FAF6%23%3Fc%3D%26m%3D%26s%3D%26cv%3D%26xywh%3D-2235%2C296%2C8825%2C4736&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIcarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacob E. Nyenhuis – Myth and the creative process: Michael Ayrton and the myth of Daedalus, the maze maker – 345 pages <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WQlh9oV5PywC&dq=Henry+Murray+Icarus+complex&pg=PA48">Wayne State University Press, 2003</a> Retrieved 24 January 2012 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8143-3002-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8143-3002-9">0-8143-3002-9</a> See also Harry Levin, The Overreacher, Harvard University Press, 1952 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/overreacherstudy0000levi">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrontisi-Ducroux1975" class="citation book cs1">Frontisi-Ducroux, Françoise (1975). <i>Dédale: Mythologie de l'artisan en Grèce Ancienne</i>. Paris: François Maspero. p. 227.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D%C3%A9dale%3A+Mythologie+de+l%27artisan+en+Gr%C3%A8ce+Ancienne&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=227&rft.pub=Fran%C3%A7ois+Maspero&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Frontisi-Ducroux&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7oise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIcarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWiklund1978" class="citation book cs1">Wiklund, Nils (1978). <i>The icarus complex</i>. Lund: Doxa. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-578-0064-2" title="Special:BookSources/91-578-0064-2"><bdi>91-578-0064-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+icarus+complex&rft.place=Lund&rft.pub=Doxa&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=91-578-0064-2&rft.aulast=Wiklund&rft.aufirst=Nils&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIcarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Sperber 2010 – Dostoyevsky's Stalker and Other Essays on Psychopathology and the Arts, University Press of America, 2010, p. 166 ff, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W8v8hfkM5skC">[2]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7618-4993-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7618-4993-9">0-7618-4993-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pendulum – <i>The BiPolar Organisation's</i> quarterly journal <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mdf.org.uk/?o=56962">Bipolar UK</a> Retrieved 24 January 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGodin2012" class="citation book cs1">Godin, Seth (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Icarus-Deception-How-High-Will-ebook/dp/B0090UOLEW"><i>The Icarus Deception: How High Will You Fly?</i></a> (1st ed.). Portfolio.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Icarus+Deception%3A+How+High+Will+You+Fly%3F&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Portfolio&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Godin&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FIcarus-Deception-How-High-Will-ebook%2Fdp%2FB0090UOLEW&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIcarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Comparison noted by W.H.Ph. Römer, "Religion of Ancient Mesopotamia", in <i>Historia Religionum: Religions of the Past</i> (Brill, 1969), vol. 1, p. 163.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icarus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves">Graves, Robert</a>, (1955) 1960. <i>The Greek Myths</i>, section 92 <i>passim</i></li> <li>Pinsent, J. (1982). <i>Greek Mythology</i>. New York: Peter Bedrick Books</li> <li>Smith, William, ed. <i>A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icarus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-003635">The Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (images of Daedalus and Icarus)</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Icarus</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34041" class="extiw" title="d:Q34041">Data</a></b> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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