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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>New changes</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Show any page [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Show any page</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="The place to get help"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-simple.svg" width="101" height="18" style="width: 6.3125em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_simple.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Give to Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Record+label" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Record+label" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_simple.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Give to Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Record+label" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Record+label" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about changes from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Labels_as_brands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labels_as_brands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Labels as brands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labels_as_brands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry_consolidation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry_consolidation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Industry consolidation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry_consolidation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_resurgence_of_independent_labels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_resurgence_of_independent_labels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The resurgence of independent labels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_resurgence_of_independent_labels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_emergence_of_net_labels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_emergence_of_net_labels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>The emergence of net labels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_emergence_of_net_labels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_record_labels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_record_labels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Major record labels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_record_labels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Record label</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaatetiket" title="Plaatetiket – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Plaatetiket" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musiklabel" title="Musiklabel – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Musiklabel" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="شركة تسجيلات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شركة تسجيلات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musiqi_%C5%9Firk%C9%99ti" title="Musiqi şirkəti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Musiqi şirkəti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="রেকর্ড লেবেল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রেকর্ড লেবেল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhi%C3%B9%E2%81%BF-po%C3%A2%E2%81%BF_kong-si" title="Chhiùⁿ-poâⁿ kong-si – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhiùⁿ-poâⁿ kong-si" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BB_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%83" title="Лэйбл гуказапісу – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лэйбл гуказапісу" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BB_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%83" title="Лэйбл гукапісу – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лэйбл гукапісу" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Звукозаписна компания – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Звукозаписна компания" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discogr%C3%A0fica" title="Discogràfica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Discogràfica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Record label" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudebn%C3%AD_vydavatelstv%C3%AD" title="Hudební vydavatelství – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hudební vydavatelství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Label_recordio" title="Label recordio – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Label recordio" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musiklabel" title="Musiklabel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Musiklabel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Δισκογραφική εταιρεία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δισκογραφική εταιρεία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Record label" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sello_discogr%C3%A1fico" title="Sello discográfico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sello discográfico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskeldonejo" title="Diskeldonejo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Diskeldonejo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskoetxe" title="Diskoetxe – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Diskoetxe" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C" title="ناشر موسیقی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ناشر موسیقی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Label_discographique" title="Label discographique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Label discographique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platemaatskippij" title="Platemaatskippij – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Platemaatskippij" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lip%C3%A9ad_ceoil" title="Lipéad ceoil – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Lipéad ceoil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selo_discogr%C3%A1fico" title="Selo discográfico – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Selo discográfico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C_%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%94" title="레코드 레이블 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레코드 레이블" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%81%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%A2%D5%AC" title="Ձայնագրման լեյբլ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ձայնագրման լեյբլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Label_rekaman" title="Label rekaman – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Label rekaman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etichetta_discografica" title="Etichetta discografica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Etichetta discografica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9D" title="חברת תקליטים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חברת תקליטים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A3_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B3%86" title="ಧ್ವನಿ ಮುದ್ರಣ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಧ್ವನಿ ಮುದ್ರಣ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ლეიბლი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლეიბლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AE%C5%9Fana_qeyd%C3%AA" title="Nîşana qeydê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Nîşana qeydê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musekslabel" title="Musekslabel – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Musekslabel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AEra%C5%A1%C5%B3_kompanija" title="Įrašų kompanija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Įrašų kompanija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemezkiad%C3%B3" title="Lemezkiadó – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lemezkiadó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%9C%D0%B0" title="Издавачка куќа – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Издавачка куќа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ლეიბლი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლეიბლი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syarikat_rakaman" title="Syarikat rakaman – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Syarikat rakaman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platenlabel" title="Platenlabel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Platenlabel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="रेकर्ड लेबल – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रेकर्ड लेबल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB" title="レコードレーベル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レコードレーベル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leybl" title="Leybl – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Leybl" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2" title="ਰਿਕਾਰਡ ਲੇਬਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਿਕਾਰਡ ਲੇਬਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wydawnictwo_muzyczne" title="Wydawnictwo muzyczne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wydawnictwo muzyczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selo_fonogr%C3%A1fico" title="Selo fonográfico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Selo fonográfico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BB_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Лейбл звукозаписи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лейбл звукозаписи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA" title="සංගීතය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සංගීතය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%84" title="رکورد لیبل – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="رکورد لیبل" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudobn%C3%A9_vydavate%C4%BEstvo" title="Hudobné vydavateľstvo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hudobné vydavateľstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasbena_zalo%C5%BEba" title="Glasbena založba – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Glasbena založba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86" title="کۆمپانیای تۆمارکردن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆمپانیای تۆمارکردن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87" title="ค่ายเพลง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ค่ายเพลง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCzik_%C5%9Firketi" title="Müzik şirketi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Müzik şirketi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BB_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83" title="Лейбл звукозапису – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лейбл звукозапису" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A3ng_thu_%C3%A2m" title="Hãng thu âm – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hãng thu âm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%B1%E7%89%87%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="唱片公司 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="唱片公司" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%B1%E7%89%87%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="唱片公司 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>A <b>record label</b> or <b>record company</b> makes and sells sound and <a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">video</a> recordings, on various formats including <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">compact discs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vinyl_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinyl record">LPs</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD-Audio" title="DVD-Audio">DVD-Audio</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SACD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SACD (not yet started)">SACDs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Audio_cassette" title="Audio cassette">cassettes</a>. The name "record label" is from the paper label at the center of a <a href="/wiki/Gramophone_record" title="Gramophone record">gramophone record</a> (what is also known as a "phonograph record" in American English). </p><p>Most major record labels are owned by a few large <a href="/wiki/Multinational" class="mw-disambig" title="Multinational">multinational</a> companies. They make up most of the global <a href="/w/index.php?title=Recording_industry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recording industry (not yet started)">recording industry</a>, although there now more <a href="/wiki/Independent_record_label" title="Independent record label">independent record labels</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Labels_as_brands">Labels as brands</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Record_label&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Labels as brands" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Record_label&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Labels as brands"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Recording companies often spend a lot of time and money in discovering new <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/musician" class="extiw" title="wikt:musician">musicians</a> or developing the talent of people they already have signed up with a <a href="/wiki/Contract" title="Contract">contract</a>. The association of the <a href="/wiki/Brand" class="mw-disambig" title="Brand">brand</a> with the musicians helps define the image of both the brand and the musician. </p><p>In spite of the fact that they need each other to survive, the <a href="/wiki/Relationship" class="mw-disambig" title="Relationship">relationship</a> between record labels and musicians can be difficult. Many musician have had albums changed or <a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">censored</a> in some way by the labels before they are released—songs being edited, <a href="/wiki/Artwork" class="mw-redirect" title="Artwork">artwork</a> or titles being changed, etc. Record labels generally do this because they believe that the album will sell better if the changes are made. Often the record label's decisions are correct ones from a <a href="/wiki/Business" title="Business">business</a> perspective, but this typically frustrates the musicians who feels that their work is being destroyed. </p><p>In the early days of the recording industry, record labels were absolutely necessary for success. The first goal of any new musician or band was to get signed to a contract as soon as possible. In the <a href="/wiki/1940s" title="1940s">1940s</a>, <a href="/wiki/1950s" title="1950s">1950s</a> and <a href="/wiki/1960s" title="1960s">1960s</a>, many were so desperate to sign a contract with a record company that they signed a bad contract, sometimes giving away the rights to their music in the process. Entertainment <a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">lawyers</a> are now used by some to look over any contract before it is signed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Industry_consolidation">Industry consolidation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Record_label&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Industry consolidation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Record_label&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Industry consolidation"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/1970s" title="1970s">1970s</a> and <a href="/wiki/1980s" title="1980s">1980s</a>, there was a phase of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Consolidation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consolidation (not yet started)">consolidation</a> in the record industry that led to almost all major labels being owned by a very few multinational companies, who were mostly members of the <a href="/wiki/RIAA" class="mw-redirect" title="RIAA">RIAA</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671799">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_record_labels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of record labels">List of record labels</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_resurgence_of_independent_labels">The resurgence of independent labels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Record_label&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: The resurgence of independent labels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Record_label&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: The resurgence of independent labels"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/1990s" title="1990s">1990s</a>, due to the widespread use of home studios, consumer <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CD recorder</a>s, and the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>, independent labels became more common. Independent labels are often musician-owned (although not always), with a focus on making good music and not always on making lots of money. Independent musicians usually receive less radio play and sell fewer CDs than artists signed to major labels. However, they usually have more control over the music and <a href="/wiki/Packaging" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Packaging">packaging</a> of the released product.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Established artists, once their record contract has finished, sometimes move to an independent label. This often gives the combined advantage of name recognition and more control over one's music. Singers <a href="/wiki/Dolly_Parton" title="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aimee_Mann" title="Aimee Mann">Aimee Mann</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince (artist)">Prince</a>, among others, have done this. </p><p>While there are many independent labels, folk singer <a href="/wiki/Ani_DiFranco" title="Ani DiFranco">Ani DiFranco</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Righteous_Babe_Records&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Righteous Babe Records (not yet started)">Righteous Babe Records</a> is often cited as an ideal example. The singer turned down <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucrative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucrative (not yet started)">lucrative</a> contracts from several labels in order to establish her own New-York-based company. Constant touring resulted in success for an act without significant major funding. Ani and others from the company have spoken on several occasions about their business model in hopes of encouraging others. </p><p>Some independent labels become successful enough that major record companies negotiate contracts to either <a href="/wiki/Distribution" class="mw-disambig" title="Distribution">distribute</a> music for the label or purchase the label completely. </p><p>On the <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a> scene, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=DIY_punk_ethic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DIY punk ethic (not yet started)">DIY punk ethic</a> encouraged bands to self-publish and self-distribute. This approach has been around since the early <a href="/wiki/1980s" title="1980s">1980s</a>, in an attempt to stay true to the punk ideals of doing it yourself and not <a href="/wiki/Selling_out" title="Selling out">selling out</a> to corporate profits and control. They have a <a href="/wiki/Reputation" title="Reputation">reputation</a> for being unwilling to cooperate with the big record labels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_emergence_of_net_labels">The emergence of net labels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Record_label&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: The emergence of net labels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Record_label&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: The emergence of net labels"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the Internet now being a viable source for music, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Net_label&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Net label (not yet started)">net labels</a> started. Depending on the ideals of the net label, music files from the artists may be <a href="/wiki/Download" title="Download">downloaded</a> free of charge or for a fee that is paid via <a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a> or an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Online_payment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Online payment (not yet started)">online payment</a> system. Some of these labels also offer hard copy CDs in addition to direct download (for example, <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>'s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schismatik.com">Schismatik</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050402014231/http://www.schismatik.com/">Archived</a> 2005-04-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> record label ships CDs for a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nominal_charge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nominal charge (not yet started)">nominal charge</a>). Most net labels acknowledge the <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a> licensing system thus reserving certain rights for the artist. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_record_labels">Major record labels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Record_label&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Major record labels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Record_label&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Major record labels"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 21st century brought <i>major</i> record labels. These are inspired by the Recording industry of the successfully artists. </p><p>Examples are </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group">Universal Music Group</a>, such as the artists are merging like <a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(band)" title="Nirvana (band)">Nirvana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Happy_Tree_Friends" title="Happy Tree Friends">Happy Tree Friends</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Music">Sony Music</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> Corporation of America owned by <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> Group Corporation.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Music_Group" title="Warner Music Group">Warner Music Group</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros. Entertainment</a> owned by <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery" title="Warner Bros. Discovery">Warner Bros. Discovery</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Record_label&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Record_label&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190223054625/http://www.musicindie.com/independent-music-now-growing-force-global-market/">"Independent Music is now a growing force in the global market"</a>. <i>Association of Independent Music</i>. 1 February 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicindie.com/independent-music-now-growing-force-global-market/">the original</a> on 23 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Association+of+Independent+Music&rft.atitle=Independent+Music+is+now+a+growing+force+in+the+global+market&rft.date=2014-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicindie.com%2Findependent-music-now-growing-force-global-market%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARecord+label" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">Classical</a>/<a href="/wiki/Art_music" title="Art music">art music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_music" title="Medieval music">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_music" title="Renaissance music">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_period_(music)" title="Classical period (music)">Classical period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Romantic</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20th-century_classical_music" title="20th-century classical music">20th-century classical music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vernacular music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Circus_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Circus music (not yet started)">Circus music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">Folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular music">Popular music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">Hip hop music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">Pop music</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Progressive music (not yet started)">Progressive 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("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Performance</li><li>Ensembles</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Band_(rock_and_pop)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Band (rock and pop) (not yet started)">Band (rock and pop)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-female_band" title="All-female band">All-female band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_section" title="Rhythm section">Rhythm section</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">Big band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choir" class="mw-redirect" title="Choir">Choir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_band" title="Concert band">Concert band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conducting" title="Conducting">Conducting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">Disc jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musician" title="Musician">Musician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra">Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing" title="Singing">Singing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lead_vocalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead vocalist">Lead vocalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backing_vocalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Backing vocalist">Backing vocalist</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122542"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_theory" title="Music theory">Theory</a></li><li>Composition</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musical_form" title="Musical form">Form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_genre" class="mw-redirect" title="Music genre">Genre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_notation" title="Musical notation">Notation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">Composer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_improvisation" title="Musical improvisation">Improvisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songwriter" title="Songwriter">Songwriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyrics" title="Lyrics">Lyrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song" title="Song">Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicology" title="Musicology">Musicology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_(music)" title="Single (music)">Single</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-side_and_B-side" title="A-side and B-side">A-side and B-side</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_play" title="Extended play">Extended play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album" title="Album">Album</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compilation_album" title="Compilation album">Compilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album#Live" title="Album">Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remix_album" class="mw-redirect" title="Remix album">Remix</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">Audio engineer</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Record label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Record producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">Sampling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_technology" title="Category:Music technology">Category:Music technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproduction" title="Sound recording and reproduction">Sound recording and reproduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cover_version" title="Cover version">Cover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remix" class="mw-redirect" title="Remix">Remix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural and <br />regional genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Africa" title="Music of Africa">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_by_nationality" title="Category:Music by nationality">Category:Music by nationality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Australia" title="Music of Australia">Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Austria" title="Music of Austria">Austria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Colombia" title="Music of Colombia">Colombia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Greece" title="Music of Greece">Greece</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mexico" title="Music of Mexico">Mexico</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Serbia">Serbia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Music of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_festival" title="Music festival">Music festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Musical instrument</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music" 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