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<!DOCTYPE HTML> <HTML lang="en-US"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><title>Molar Mass Calculations and Molecular Weight Calculator (EnvironmentalChemistry.com)</title><META NAME="ROBOTS" CONTENT="NOARCHIVE"> <meta name="superfish" content="nofish"><META NAME="ROBOTS" CONTENT="NOODP"><META NAME="DESCRIPTION" CONTENT="A tutorial on Molar mass calculations with examples and a molecular weight calculator to aid calculations."><META NAME="KEYWORDS" CONTENT="molar mass,molecular weight,molar mass calculator,molecular weight calculator,molar mass of compounds,molar mass of a vapor,calculate the molar mass of barium hydroxide octahydrate,mole,moles,mol,avogadros number,chemistry,atom,atomic,avogadro's number,avogadro,molecular weight browser,teacher resources,educational resources,careers,science articles,environmental issues,science"><META NAME="revisit-after" content="30 days"><SCRIPT type="text/javascript">if(top.location!=location){top.location.href=document.location.href}</script><link rel="canonical" href="https://EnvironmentalChemistry.com/yogi/reference/molar.html"><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS" href="/feed.xml" ><link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://envirochem.us/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://envirochem.us/css/Main20170126.css"><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="https://envirochem.us/css/screen20120422.css"><LINK rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://envirochem.us/css/printer.css" media="print"></head><BODY><div class="MB"><header><div class="TA"><a href="https://EnvironmentalChemistry.com/" title="EnvironmentalChemistry.com homepage & site map">EnvironmentalChemistry.com</a></div><div class="TB"><a href="/yogi/environmental" title="Environmental articles and resources" class="TBA">Environmental</a>, <a href="/yogi/chemistry/" title="Chemistry resources" class="TBA">Chemistry</a> & <a href="/yogi/hazmat/" title="Hazardous materials and regulatory resources" class="TBA">Hazardous Materials</a> News, <a href="/careers/" class="TBA">Careers</a> & Resources</div></header><script type="text/javascript">var strChemistry=' Selected';var strEnvironmental='';var strHazMat='';var strCareers='';var strHeadlines='';document.write(TopMenu());</script><div class="W"><div class="CA"><div class="BA"><ul class="Handheld"><li><a href="#Content">Skip to page content</a><li><A HREF="#Menu">Skip to site menu on this page</a></ul><script type="text/javascript">document.writeln(printInstructions());</script><span id="Content"></span><h1>Molar Mass Calculations and <a href="#Calculator">Molecular Weight Calculator</a></h1><h2 class="Author"><A HREF="/yogi/bobbie.html">By Roberta Crowell Barbalace</a></h2><p>In order to grasp the concept of molar mass calculations it is important to understand the molar unit. The mole also called mol is the basic unit of measurement in chemistry. By definition, in modern chemistry, one mole represents the number of carbon atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon 12 isotope. Remember that carbon-12 has an atomic mass of 12 (six neutrons and six protons).</p><p>One mole of anything, however, contains 6.0221367E<sup>23</sup> of that object. This is known as Avogadro's number.</p><dl><dt>Examples:</dt><dd>1 mole of carbon = 6.0221367E<sup>23</sup> carbon atoms<dd>1 mole of bananas = 6.0221367E<sup>23</sup> bananas<br>(Aren't you glad they don't sell bananas by the mole?)</dl><p>Obviously it would be impossible to count out 6.0221367E<sup>23</sup> atoms. Remember, however that 1 mole of carbon-12 = 12 grams = 6.0221367E<sup>23</sup> atoms. It has been established that 1 mole of any element = the atomic mass of that element expressed in grams. Since magnesium has an atomic mass of 24, one mole of magnesium weighs 24 grams and contains 6.0221367E<sup>23</sup> atoms of magnesium. A mole of any molecule = the molecular mass of that molecule expressed in grams. In order to determine the weight of one mole of bananas, one would have to get an average weight of a banana and multiply that by 6.0221367E<sup>23</sup> then we could weigh out that weight of bananas and presto, we would have a mole of bananas. Of course, nobody would ever do that. It just demonstrates that mole of anything = 6.0221367E<sup>23</sup> and we can measure out a mole of something by counting it or by weighing it out. Since atoms are too small to count, we must weigh out a mole of atoms.</p><p><em>Molar mass</em>is a unit that enables scientists to calculate the weight of any chemical substance, be it an element or a compound. Molar mass is the sum of all of the atomic masses in a formula. Once one determines the molar mass of a substance, it will be easy to measure out one mole of that substance.</p><p>The molar mass calculation of a substance is complete the following steps (We will use sulfuric acid, H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, as an example):</p><OL><LI>Make a list of each element and the number of atoms of each element present in the substance.<dl class="NoPadding"><dd>H 2<br>S 1<br>O 4</dl><li>Go to periodic table and determine the atomic mass average (atomic weight) of each element.<dl class="NoPadding"><dd>H 1.00794<br>S 32.066<br>O 15.9994</dl><li>Multiply each atomic mass by the number of atoms in the formula.<dl class="NoPadding"><dd>H 1.00794 * 2 = 2.015<br>S 32.066 * 1 = 32.066<br>O 15.9994 * 4 = 63.998</dl><li>Add up the results of step three:<dl class="NoPadding"><dd>2.015+32.066+63.998 = 98.079 = molar mass of sulfuric acid</dl></ol><p>In this example the results have been rounded off to the correct number of decimal places. (Since the atomic mass average of sulfur given above only has 3 decimal places, accuracy can not be determined beyond that point).</p><p>These calculations will be necessary before one can determine the molarity or normality of a solution and many other formulas in stoichiometry (the quantitative relationships between chemical substances in a chemical equation).</p><dl><dt>Try these formulas and then compare your results to those you get on the calculator below:</dt><dd>H<sub>2</sub>O<dd>NH<sub>3</sub><dd>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub><dd>K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub></dl><h3 id="Calculator">Molecular Weight Calculator</h3><p>Formulas can have a max of two brackets open at the same time, and the molecule of crystallization must be placed last.</p><dl><dt><b>Examples:</b></dt><dd>3BeO.Al2O<sub>3</sub>.6(SiO<sub>2</sub>) = (BeO)3.Al2O3.6(SiO2)<dd>(BaH<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>Mn<sub>5</sub>O<sub>10</sub> = (BaH2O)2Mn5O10<dd>(KMgCl<sub>3</sub>).6H<sub>2</sub>O = (KMgCl3).6H2O</dl><p><div style="margin-left:100px;width:250px"><form method="get" action="" Name="MMC">Formula<br><input type="text" size="29" Name="ChemicalFormula" style="font-family:monospace" class="Border"><br><input type="button" onClick="writeOut(this.form)" value="Calculate" class="Button"><input type="reset" onClick="ClearForm(this.form)" value="Clear" class="Button"><br><input type="text" size="29" Name="vMM" style="font-family:monospace" class="Border"><br><input type="text" size="29" Name="Gram" style="font-family:monospace" class="Border"><br><input type="text" size="29" Name="Sig" style="font-family:monospace" class="Border"><br><span class="TextSmall">(% by mass, Element, # Atoms, mass)<br></span><input type="text" size="29" Name="C1" style="font-family:monospace" class="Border"><br><input type="text" size="29" Name="C2" style="font-family:monospace" class="Border"><br><input type="text" size="29" Name="C3" style="font-family:monospace" class="Border"><br><input type="text" size="29" Name="C4" style="font-family:monospace" class="Border"><br><input type="text" size="29" Name="C5" style="font-family:monospace" class="Border"><br><input type="text" size="29" Name="C6" style="font-family:monospace" class="Border"><br><input type="text" size="29" Name="C7" style="font-family:monospace" class="Border"><br><input type="text" size="29" Name="C8" style="font-family:monospace" class="Border"><br><input type="text" size="29" Name="C9" style="font-family:monospace" class="Border"><br><input type="text" size="29" Name="C10" style="font-family:monospace" class="Border"><br><input type="text" size="29" Name="C11" style="font-family:monospace" class="Border"><br><input type="text" size="29" Name="C12" style="font-family:monospace" class="Border"><br></form></div><h3>Related Resources</h3><ul class="Headlines"><li class="HLI"><a href="/yogi/reference/molar.html">Molarity, Molality and Normality</a><br><span class="IndexTS">Introduces stoichiometry and explains the differences between molarity, molality and normality.</span><li class="HLI"><a href="/yogi/periodic/">Periodic Table of Elements</a><br><span class="IndexTS">Provides comprehensive data on the chemical elements including scores of properties, element names in many languages, chemical compounds, most known nuclides.</span><li class="HLI"><A HREF="/yogi/periodic/atom_anatomy.html" >Anatomy of the Atom</a></strong><br><span class="IndexTS">Answers many questions regarding the structure of atoms.</span></ul> <script type="text/javascript">document.writeln(printSocial());</script><h3>Citing this page</h3><p>If you need to cite this page, you can copy this text:</p><p id="idCitePage" class="CiteLink">Roberta Barbalace, Kenneth Barbalace. Molar Mass Calculations and Molecular Weight Calculator. EnvironmentalChemistry.com. 1996. 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These chemicals can be deadly if used incorrectly.">The Dangers of Lawn Chemicals at Home</A></ul><li><div>Industry</div><ul class="SM"><li><A HREF="/yogi/hazmat/erg/" title="An online version of the USDOT ERG which is for first responders during the initial phase of a HazMat incident.">Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)</A><ul class="SM"><li>List materials by<ul class="SM"><li><A HREF="/yogi/hazmat/erg/">UN Number</A><li><A HREF="/yogi/hazmat/erg/ob/name.html">Material Name</A></ul></ul><li><A HREF="/yogi/hazmat/table/" title="USDOT hazardous materials table from 49CFR 172.101.">49CFR USDOT Hazardous Materials Table</A><li><A HREF="/yogi/hazmat/placards/" title="Images and definitions of hazardous materials placards required by the USDOT when transporting dangerous goods.">USDOT HazMat Placards</A><ul class="SM"><li><label for="PlacardDD" title="Select hazard class/division"><select onchange="window.location='/yogi/hazmat/placards/'+this.options[this.selectedIndex].value+'.html'" id="PlacardDD"><option SELECTED> Select Class/Div.<option value="class1">1 Explosives<option value="class2">2 Compressed Gas<option value="class3">3 Flammable Liquid<option value="class4">4 Flammable Solids<option value="class5">5 Oxidizers<option value="class6">6.1 Poisons<option value="class7">7 Radioactives<option value="class8">8 Corrosives<option value="class9">9 Miscellaneous<option value="etc">Related Markings</select></label></ul><li><A HREF="/yogi/hazmat/compliance/quiz.html" title="Test your knowledge of USDOT HazMat placarding regulations (49CFR).">Placarding Quiz</A><li><A HREF="/yogi/hazmat/placards/PlacardingCD.html" title="Contains clipart versions of hazmat placards. Includes USDOT hazmat transportation training modules as a free bonus.">USDOT HazMat Placards CD & training modules</A><li><A HREF="/yogi/hazmat/compliance/200601ExceptionsExemptionsVariances.html" title="All Leniencies are not created equally, what are the differences?">Exceptions, Exemptions and Variances</A><li><A HREF="/yogi/hazmat/compliance/HazMatTransportionPermitSystem.html" title="Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration's hazardous materials transportation permitting system.">FMCSA HazMat Transportion Permit System</A></ul></ul></nav></div></div><div class="VB ColumnHeight ScreenOnly"></div></div><nav><div class="BN"><ul class="BNUL"><li class="BNLI"><A href="/yogi/privacy.html" class="BNA">Privacy Statement</A><li class="BNLI"><A href="/terms.html" class="BNA">Terms of Service</A><li class="BNLI"><a href="/yogi/about.html" class="BNA">About Us</a><li class="BNLI"><a href="/" class="BNA">Site Directory</a><li class="BNLI"><A href="/contact.html" class="BNA">Contact Us</a><li class="BNLI"><A href="http://twitter.com/envirochem" class="BNA">Follow Us on Twitter</a></ul></div></nav><footer><div class="Copyright">Copyright 1995 - 2024 Kenneth L Barbalace (<a href="https://KLBProductions.com/" title="Custom website development and database application development in Saco Maine.">J.K. Barbalace, inc., website development</a>)<br>NO REPUBLISHING IN ANY FORM (including on other websites), in whole or in part, for any reason, without written permission.<br><span class="NoPrint">A few words about <a href="http://blog.environmentalchemistry.com/2007/10/plagiarism-copyright-infringement-fair.html">Plagiarism, Copyright Infringement and Fair Use</a><br></span> <span class="PrintOnly">Printed from https://EnvironmentalChemistry.com</span></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript">var sEl='',temp='',vMM=0,dM=document.MMC,formula='',DataError=false,nEl='',mP,aM='',aMM='',aG='';NoA=new Array(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);PoM=new Array(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);aNA=new Array(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);compound=new cmpd(NoA,aNA,vMM);a=new mA(109);a[1]=new El('H','1.00794',5);a[2]=new El('He','4.002602',6);a[3]=new El('Li','6.941',3);a[4]=new El('Be','9.012182',6);a[5]=new El('B','10.811',3);a[6]=new El('C','12.011',3);a[7]=new El('N','14.00674',5);a[8]=new 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if(aMM*1000000%10==0){aMMA=aMM+'0'}else aMMA=aMM;aG=Math.round(1000000000/MMM/1000)/1000000;if(aG*10%10==0){aGA='1 gram = '+lG+aG+'.000000 Mole'}if(aG*100%10==0){aGA='1 gram = '+lG+aG+'00000 Mole'}if(aG*1000%10==0){aGA='1 gram = '+lG+aG+'0000 Mole'}if(aG*10000%10==0){aGA='1 gram = '+lG+aG+'000 Mole'}if(aG*100000%10==0){aGA='1 gram = '+lG+aG+'00 Mole'}if(aG*1000000%10==0){aGA='1 gram = '+lG+aG+'0 Mole'}else aGA='1 gram = '+lG+aG+' Mole'}else if(SD==7){aMM=Math.round(MMM*10000000)/10000000;if(aMM*10%10==0){aMMA=aMM+'.0000000'}else if(aMM*100%10==0){aMMA=aMM+'000000'}else if(aMM*1000%10==0){aMMA=aMM+'00000'}else if(aMM*10000%10==0){aMMA=aMM+'0000'}else if(aMM*100000%10==0){aMMA=aMM+'000'}else if(aMM*1000000%10==0){aMMA=aMM+'00'}else if(aMM*10000000%10==0){aMMA=aMM+'0'}else aMMA=aMM;aG=Math.round(10000000000/MMM/1000)/10000000;if(aG*10%10==0){aGA='1 gram = '+lG+aG+'.0000000 Mole'}if(aG*100%10==0){aGA='1 gram = '+lG+aG+'000000 Mole'}if(aG*1000%10==0){aGA='1 gram = '+lG+aG+'00000 Mole'}if(aG*10000%10==0){aGA='1 gram = '+lG+aG+'0000 Mole'}if(aG*100000%10==0){aGA='1 gram = '+lG+aG+'000 Mole'}if(aG*1000000%10==0){aGA='1 gram = '+lG+aG+'00 Mole'}if(aG*10000000%10==0){aGA='1 gram = '+lG+aG+'0 Mole'}else aGA='1 gram = '+lG+aG+' Mole'}else if(SD>7){aMM=Math.round(MMM*10000000000)/10000000000;if(aMM*10%10==0){aMMA=aMM+'.00000000'}else if(aMM*100%10==0){aMMA=aMM+'0000000'}else if(aMM*1000%10==0){aMMA=aMM+'000000'}else if(aMM*10000%10==0){aMMA=aMM+'00000'}else if(aMM*100000%10==0){aMMA=aMM+'0000'}else if(aMM*1000000%10==0){aMMA=aMM+'000'}else if(aMM*10000000%10==0){aMMA=aMM+'00'}else if(aMM*10000000%10==0){aMMA=aMM+'0'}else aMMA=aMM;aG=Math.round(100000000000/MMM/1000)/100000000;if(aG*10%10==0){aGA='1 gram = '+lG+aG+'.00000000 Mole'}if(aG*100%10==0){aGA='1 gram = '+lG+aG+'0000000 Mole'}if(aG*1000%10==0){aGA='1 gram = '+lG+aG+'000000 Mole'}if(aG*10000%10==0){aGA='1 gram = '+lG+aG+'00000 Mole'}if(aG*100000%10==0){aGA='1 gram = '+lG+aG+'0000 Mole'}if(aG*1000000%10==0){aGA='1 gram = '+lG+aG+'000 Mole'}if(aG*10000000%10==0){aGA='1 gram = '+lG+aG+'00 Mole'}if(aG*100000000%10==0){aGA='1 gram = '+lG+aG+'0 Mole'}else aGA='1 gram = '+lG+aG+' Mole'};for(i=0;i<nEl;i++){for(j=0;j<nEl-i;j++){if(Presorted[j]<Presorted[j+1]){temp=Presorted[j];Presorted[j]=Presorted[j+1];Presorted[j+1]=temp}}}dM.vMM.value='1 Mole = '+aMMA+'g';dM.Gram.value=aGA;dM.Sig.value='Significant Digits = '+SD;dM.C1.value=Presorted[0];dM.C2.value=Presorted[1];dM.C3.value=Presorted[2];dM.C4.value=Presorted[3];dM.C5.value=Presorted[4];dM.C6.value=Presorted[5];dM.C7.value=Presorted[6];dM.C8.value=Presorted[7];dM.C9.value=Presorted[8];dM.C10.value=Presorted[9];dM.C11.value=Presorted[10];dM.C12.value=Presorted[11]}else FormulaError()}};function FormulaError(){dM.vMM.value='Error!';dM.Gram.value='Please restructure';dM.Sig.value='your formula!';dM.C1.value='';dM.C2.value='';dM.C3.value='';dM.C4.value='';dM.C5.value='';dM.C6.value='';dM.C7.value='';dM.C8.value='';dM.C9.value='';dM.C10.value='';dM.C11.value='';dM.C12.value=''};function Prepare(){dM.ChemicalFormula.value='(KMgCl3).6H2O';writeOut()};function ClearForm(){dM.ChemicalFormula.value='';dM.vMM.value='';dM.Gram.value='';dM.Sig.value='';dM.C1.value='';dM.C2.value='';dM.C3.value='';dM.C4.value='';dM.C5.value='';dM.C6.value='';dM.C7.value='';dM.C8.value='';dM.C9.value='';dM.C10.value='';dM.C11.value='';dM.C12.value=''};Prepare();</script></body></html>