How Checkpoint Inhibitors for Stage 4 Stomach Cancer Worked for Antonio

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href="https://www.mskcc.org/news/how-checkpoint-inhibitors-for-stage-4-stomach-cancer-worked-for-antonio" /> <meta name="robots" content="noodp, noydir" /> <link rel="image_src" href="https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/node/286991/3x2/lekhrajmal-antonio-230911-050_2100x800.jpg" /> <meta name="rights" content="© 2024 Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.mskcc.org/news/how-checkpoint-inhibitors-for-stage-4-stomach-cancer-worked-for-antonio" /> <meta property="og:title" content="How Checkpoint Inhibitors for Stage 4 Stomach Cancer Worked for Antonio" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Learn how MSK helped a man with stage 4 stomach (gastric) cancer using checkpoint inhibitors, a type of immunotherapy that also treats many other cancers." /> <meta property="og:image" 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He has been successfully treated with checkpoint inhibitors for advanced stomach cancer." /> <meta name="date" content="2023-11-07" scheme="YYYY-MM-DD" /> <meta name="msk_title" content="How Checkpoint Inhibitors for Stage 4 Stomach Cancer Worked for Antonio | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center" /> <script type="application/ld+json">{ "@graph": [ { "@context": "http:\/\/schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "item": { "@id": "https:\/\/www.mskcc.org\/msk-news", "name": "MSK News" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "item": { "@id": "https:\/\/www.mskcc.org\/msk-news\/winter-2024", "name": "MSK News Winter 2024" } } ] }, { "@context": "http:\/\/schema.org", "@type": "Article", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https:\/\/www.mskcc.org\/news\/how-checkpoint-inhibitors-for-stage-4-stomach-cancer-worked-for-antonio" }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Memorial Sloan Kettering" } ], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Memorial Sloan Kettering", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https:\/\/www.mskcc.org\/logo.png", "height": "541px", "width": "113px" } }, "datePublished": "2023-10-24", "dateModified": "2024-07-23", "headline": "How Checkpoint Inhibitors for Stage 4 Stomach Cancer Worked for Antonio", "description": "Learn how MSK helped a man with stage 4 stomach (gastric) cancer using checkpoint inhibitors, a type of immunotherapy that also treats many other cancers.", "articleBody": "Antonio Lekhrajmal knew his diagnosis of advanced\u0026nbsp;stomach cancer — also called gastric cancer — was extremely serious.He credits his doctor, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) gastrointestinal oncologist Yelena Janjigian, MD, with being upfront with him.\u0026nbsp;“She said that stage 4 stomach cancer is very hard,” he recalls. “But she told me, ‘Together, we’re going to do everything possible to help you.’\u0026nbsp;”Today, more than five years after his diagnosis, Antonio is thankful to be doing what he loves — spending time with his wife, Maria, and daughters and pursuing his artwork after nearly 30 years in the custodial department of the Livingston, New Jersey, school system.The Innovative Treatment MSK Offered Antonio for Metastatic Gastric CancerThe treatment that made the difference for Antonio and people facing similar cancers is the immunotherapy known as\u0026nbsp;checkpoint inhibitors. As Chief of the Gastrointestinal Oncology Service at MSK, Dr. Janjigian is at the forefront of efforts to investigate how they can help more people.\n\nDr. Yelena Janjigian, gastrointestinal oncologist at MSK\n\nIn fact, clinical trials she led using checkpoint inhibitors were cited by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration when it approved this therapy as “the first treatment in more than a decade to show survival benefit for people with metastatic gastric cancer who are being treated for the first time.”The success of these clinical trials joins a growing list of advances with checkpoint inhibitors that have been pioneered by MSK scientists and clinicians for more than two decades.How Checkpoint Inhibitors WorkThe cells of the immune system are so powerful that they contain a built-in brake to prevent them from attacking healthy cells by accident. Cancer cells, says Dr. Janjigian, “are normal cells gone rogue.” So they can sometimes trigger the brake, effectively disguising themselves as normal cells and deceiving immune cells into leaving them alone.Checkpoint inhibitors expose the deception by preventing cancer cells from activating the brake. “They uncloak the cancer cells,” says Dr. Janjigian, “making them more visible to the immune system and allowing it to attack the cancer cells and suppress them from coming back.”Dr. Janjigian adds, “The reason this works so well is that the immune system can continue doing surveillance and attacking cancer cells longer than other treatments like chemotherapy.”Which Cancers Are Treated by Checkpoint Inhibitors?Checkpoint inhibitors are remarkably powerful and adaptable — much like the immune system itself.They can be used for local cancer that hasn’t spread, as well as for metastatic cancer. They can be combined with chemotherapy and used before or after surgery and\u0026nbsp;radiation. And they strengthen other forms of immunotherapy, such as vaccines and\u0026nbsp;cellular therapies like TIL.In a\u0026nbsp;small but impactful study at MSK, checkpoint inhibitors used alone made rectal cancer disappear entirely in a group of patients whose tumors had a specific genetic mutation. MSK researchers are now investigating this use of checkpoint inhibitors in other cancer types.Checkpoint inhibitors have proved themselves effective in treating many forms of cancer, including melanoma, lung, bladder, kidney, and, recently, ovarian cancers. Dr. Janjigian says this form of immunotherapy is particularly useful in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including esophagus, colorectal, gastric, and liver cancers.“These kinds of tumors are driven by several different genetic abnormalities and are very complex,” she says.Using checkpoint inhibitors — in combination with other therapies — offers new options that can help address these complexities.Making Checkpoint Inhibitors Work for More PeopleDr. Janjigian stresses that immunotherapy, including checkpoint inhibitors, doesn’t work for everyone. In some cancers, only a small percentage of people see substantial improvement.“Making this work for more people is the next big leap for researchers at MSK,” she says. Among the areas being investigated, Dr. Janjigian cites the “genetics of the tumor itself, as well as where it sits in the body and how easily it can be infiltrated by immune cells.” Perhaps most important, Dr. Janjigian explains, is the person’s own body: “How well does their immune system work in general, and how does that affect treatment?”Dr. Janjigian says, “Understanding these factors is why it matters so much where you go for treatment. Using immunotherapy can affect the entire trajectory of a person’s care. Getting the right expertise is crucial.”MSK’s Expertise With Checkpoint InhibitorsAntonio’s treatment involved regular infusions of checkpoint inhibitors along with chemotherapy. Together, this treatment shrank his tumor enough that it could be surgically removed by Vivian Strong, MD. Antonio says recovery from the treatment was challenging. But “after surviving cancer,” he says, “I know what’s really important in life, and I have Dr. Janjigian to thank.”For her part, Dr. Janjigian is thankful to be able to offer checkpoint inhibitors. “I can now look people in the eye who have stage 4 disease and say there’s a possibility they will live with this disease, rather than live in fear.”Dr. Strong holds the Iris Cantor Chair.", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https:\/\/www.mskcc.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/large\/public\/node\/286991\/3x2\/lekhrajmal-antonio-230911-050_2100x800.jpg", "width": 800, "height": 533 } }, { "@context": "http:\/\/schema.org", "@type": "WebPage", "name": "How Checkpoint Inhibitors for Stage 4 Stomach Cancer Worked for Antonio", "speakable": { "@type": "SpeakableSpecification", "xpath": [ "\/\/meta[@name=\u0022msk_title\u0022]\/@content", "\/\/meta[@name=\u0022description\u0022]\/@content" ] }, "url": 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193.583 196.875 164.808C200.098 151.235 201.723 137.326 201.714 123.37Z" fill="#064785"/> </svg> </a> <ul class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links msk-site-navigation__utility-links--masthead"> <li class="msk-site-navigation__utility-item"> <a class="msk-site-navigation__utility-link" href="/research/ski"> <span class="msk-site-navigation__utility-link-text msk-site-navigation__utility-link-text--external" >Sloan Kettering Institute</span> </a> </li> <li class="msk-site-navigation__utility-item"> <a class="msk-site-navigation__utility-link" href="#" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-controls="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-2"> <span class="msk-site-navigation__utility-link-text msk-site-navigation__utility-link-text--expandable " >Research</span> </a> <ul id="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-2" class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu"> <li class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-link--template"> <ul class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-group-link"> <li class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-item"> <div class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-template"> <h2 class="msk-u-card-title">Changing how the world understands and treats cancer</h2><p>Our scientists pursue every aspect of cancer research—from exploring the biology of genes and cells, to developing immune-based treatments, uncovering the causes of metastasis, and more.</p> </div> <span class="msk-site-navigation__utility-link-heading"></span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-link--links"> <ul class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-group-link"> <li class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-item msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-item--heading"> <span class="msk-site-navigation__utility-link-heading">Programs & Centers</span> </li> <li class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-item"> <a class="msk-site-navigation__utility-link" href="/research/ski"> Sloan Kettering Institute </a> <div class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link-sub-copy">Pursuing basic and translational research across 9 programs and 100+ labs</div> </li> <li class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-item"> <a class="msk-site-navigation__utility-link" href="/research-programs/memorial-hospital-research"> Memorial Hospital research </a> <div class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link-sub-copy">Focusing on clinical cancer research and population health</div> </li> <li class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-item"> <a class="msk-site-navigation__utility-link" href="/research-programs/human-oncology-pathogenesis"> Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program (HOPP) </a> <div class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link-sub-copy">Bridging the lab and the clinic through translational research</div> </li> <li class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-item"> <a class="msk-site-navigation__utility-link" href="/research-programs/collaborative-research-centers"> Collaborative research centers </a> <div class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link-sub-copy">Fostering interdisciplinary collaborations between laboratory scientists and clinicians</div> </li> <li class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-item"> <a class="msk-site-navigation__utility-link" href="/research-programs/extramural-collaborations"> Extramural collaborations </a> <div class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link-sub-copy">Partnering with other academic and research institutions</div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-link--links"> <ul class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-group-link msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-group-link--has-divider"> <li 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researcher or lab </a> </li> <li class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-item"> <a class="msk-site-navigation__utility-link" href="/education-training"> Education & training programs </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="msk-site-navigation__utility-item"> <a class="msk-site-navigation__utility-link" href="#" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-controls="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-3"> <span class="msk-site-navigation__utility-link-text msk-site-navigation__utility-link-text--expandable " >Education & Training</span> </a> <ul id="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-3" class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu"> <li class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-link--template"> <ul class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-group-link"> <li class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-item"> <div class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-template"> <h2 class="msk-u-card-title">Training the next generation of clinicians and scientists</h2><p>Our highly-specialized educational programs shape leaders to be at the forefront of cancer care and research.</p> </div> <span class="msk-site-navigation__utility-link-heading"></span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-link--link"> <ul class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-group-link"> <li class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-item msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-item--heading"> <span class="msk-site-navigation__utility-link-heading">For Healthcare</span> </li> <li class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-item"> <a class="msk-site-navigation__utility-link" href="/hcp-education-training/graduate-medical-education"> Graduate medical education (GME) </a> </li> <li 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="msk-icon msk-icon__md msk-icon__md-earth"><path d="M12 2C6.48 2 2 6.48 2 12s4.48 10 10 10 10-4.48 10-10S17.52 2 12 2zM4 12c0-.61.08-1.21.21-1.78L8.99 15v1c0 1.1.9 2 2 2v1.93C7.06 19.43 4 16.07 4 12zm13.89 5.4c-.26-.81-1-1.4-1.9-1.4h-1v-3c0-.55-.45-1-1-1h-6v-2h2c.55 0 1-.45 1-1V7h2c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2v-.41C17.92 5.77 20 8.65 20 12c0 2.08-.81 3.98-2.11 5.4z"/></svg> <span class="msk-site-navigation__utility-link-text msk-site-navigation__utility-link-text--expandable msk-site-navigation__utility-link__title msk-site-navigation__utility-link__languages-title"><span>Locations & Language</span></span> </a> <div id="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-languages" class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu__languages"> <div class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links__language-group"> <h2 class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links__language-group-title msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-item--heading"><span class="msk-site-navigation__utility-link-heading">In the U.S.</span></h2> <ul class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links__language-group-languages "> <li class="msk-site-navigation-utility-links__language-group-language"> <a href="/" data-langcode="en" hreflang="en"> English </a> </li> <li class="msk-site-navigation-utility-links__language-group-language"> <a href="/es/cuidadosenmsk" data-langcode="es" hreflang="es"> Español </a> </li> <li class="msk-site-navigation-utility-links__language-group-language"> <a href="/russian" data-langcode="ru" hreflang="ru"> Pусский </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links__language-group"> <h2 class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links__language-group-title msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-item--heading"><span class="msk-site-navigation__utility-link-heading">Outside of the U.S.</span></h2> <ul class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links__language-group-languages msk-site-navigation__utility-links__language-group-languages__multicol "> <li class="msk-site-navigation-utility-links__language-group-language"> <a href="/ar/experience/become-patient/international-patients" data-langcode="ar" hreflang="ar"> العَرَبِيَّة </a> </li> <li class="msk-site-navigation-utility-links__language-group-language"> <a href="/de/experience/become-patient/international-patients" data-langcode="de" hreflang="de"> Deutsch </a> </li> <li class="msk-site-navigation-utility-links__language-group-language"> <a href="/experience/become-patient/international-patients" data-langcode="en" hreflang="en"> English </a> </li> <li class="msk-site-navigation-utility-links__language-group-language"> <a href="/es/experience/become-patient/international-patients" data-langcode="es" hreflang="es"> Español </a> </li> <li class="msk-site-navigation-utility-links__language-group-language"> <a href="/ko/experience/become-patient/international-patients" data-langcode="ko" hreflang="ko"> 한국어 </a> </li> <li class="msk-site-navigation-utility-links__language-group-language"> <a href="/he/experience/become-patient/international-patients" data-langcode="he" hreflang="he"> עִבְרִית </a> </li> <li class="msk-site-navigation-utility-links__language-group-language"> <a href="/it/experience/become-patient/international-patients" data-langcode="it" hreflang="it"> Italiano </a> </li> <li class="msk-site-navigation-utility-links__language-group-language"> <a href="/pt/experience/become-patient/international-patients" data-langcode="pt" hreflang="pt"> Portugês </a> </li> <li class="msk-site-navigation-utility-links__language-group-language"> <a href="/ru/experience/become-patient/international-patients" data-langcode="ru" hreflang="ru"> Pу́сский </a> </li> <li class="msk-site-navigation-utility-links__language-group-language"> <a href="/tr/experience/become-patient/international-patients" data-langcode="tr" hreflang="tr"> Türkçe </a> </li> <li class="msk-site-navigation-utility-links__language-group-language"> <a href="/hk/experience/become-patient/international-patients" data-langcode="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"> 中文 </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <div data-menu="search" id="coveo-header-search" class="msk-header-coveo-container"> <button class="msk-site-navigation__menu-toggle msk-site-navigation__search-toggle-button" data-menu-open="search" data-menu-close="none" data-menu-type="top-level" data-focus-on=".msk-site-navigation__search-input" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="coveo-header-search-box"> <span class="msk-site-navigation__menu-toggle-icon msk-site-navigation__menu-toggle-icon--closed"> <svg width='24' height='24' aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="msk-icon msk-icon__md msk-icon__md-search"><path d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27A6.471 6.471 0 0016 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 109.5 16c1.61 0 3.09-.59 4.23-1.57l.27.28v.79l5 4.99L20.49 19l-4.99-5zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z"/></svg> </span> <span class="msk-site-navigation__menu-toggle-icon msk-site-navigation__menu-toggle-icon--opened"> <svg width='24' height='24' aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="msk-icon msk-icon__md msk-icon__md-close"><path d="M19 6.41L17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12 19 6.41z"/></svg> </span> </button> <div id="coveo-header-search-box" class="msk-site-navigation__search msk-coveo__wrapper"> <div id="coveo-header-search-interface"> <div class="CoveoSearchbox msk-coveo__searchbox" data-enable-omnibox="true" data-query-suggest-character-threshold="2" data-placeholder="Search" ></div> <div class="CoveoAnalytics" data-search-hub="Marketing-Mskcc"></div> </div> </div> </div> <button class="msk-site-navigation__menu-toggle msk-site-navigation__nav-toggle" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="msk-site-navigation__primary-links"> <span class="msk-site-navigation__menu-toggle-icon msk-site-navigation__menu-toggle-icon--closed"> <svg width='24' height='24' aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="msk-icon msk-icon__md msk-icon__md-menu"><path d="M3 18h18v-2H3v2zm0-5h18v-2H3v2zm0-7v2h18V6H3z"/></svg> </span> <span class="msk-site-navigation__menu-toggle-icon msk-site-navigation__menu-toggle-icon--opened"> <svg width='24' height='24' aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="msk-icon msk-icon__md msk-icon__md-clear"><path d="M19 6.41L17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12 19 6.41z"/></svg> </span> </button> </div> <ul id="msk-site-navigation__primary-links" class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links"><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-link-item msk-site-navigation__primary-link-item-align--left"><a href="#" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-controls="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-1" class="msk-site-navigation__primary-link"><span class="msk-site-navigation__primary-link-text msk-site-navigation__primary-link-text--expandable" >Make an Appointment</span></a><div id="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-1" class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-container"><div class="msk-site-navigation__submenu-inner"><div class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-header"><a href="#" class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-header-back msk-site-navigation__mobile-back" role="button" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-controls="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-1"><svg width='24' height='24' aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="msk-icon msk-icon__md msk-icon__md-chevron_left"><path d="M15.41 7.41L14 6l-6 6 6 6 1.41-1.41L10.83 12l4.58-4.59z"/></svg><span class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-header-back_text">Back</span></a><div class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-title"> Make an Appointment </div></div><ul class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu--full"><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--template msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--grouped msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--grouped-1 msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--dislpay-mobile"><ul class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group"><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><div class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-template"><h2 class="msk-u-card-title">We’re here for you.</h2><h3 class='msk-u-overline-text'>Make an appointment</h3><div style='margin-top:15px;' class='msk-grid' data-grid-type-small='50:50'><div class='msk-grid__item'><a href='/appointments/request-appointment?appointment_type=new' class='msk-button msk-button--light msk-button--secondary'><span class='msk-button__text'>New patient</span></a></div><div class='msk-grid__item'><a href='https://www.mskcc.org/appointments/request-appointment?appointment_type=current' class='msk-button msk-button--light msk-button--secondary'><span class='msk-button__text'>Current patient</span></a></div></div><h3 class='msk-u-overline-text'>Speak to a care advisor</h3><div class='msk-summary'><p><strong>Adults: <a href='tel:8005252225'>800-525-2225</a></strong></p><p>Available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week</p></div><div class='msk-summary'><p><strong>Children & Teens: <a href='tel:8336755437'>833-MSK-KIDS</a></strong></p><p>Monday through Friday, 9 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. (Eastern time)</p></div></div></li></ul></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--links msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--grouped msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--grouped-2 msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--dislpay-mobile"><ul class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group"><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link-group-link--heading"><span class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link-text">Becoming A Patient</span></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><a href="/experience/become-patient">How to get started</a></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><a href="/insurance-assistance/insurance-information">Insurance & financial assistance</a></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><a href="/experience/become-patient/first-appointment">Preparing for your first appointment</a></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><a href="/doctors">Meet our doctors</a></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><a href="/locations">Explore our locations</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-link-item msk-site-navigation__primary-link-item-align--center"><a href="#" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-controls="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-2" class="msk-site-navigation__primary-link"><span class="msk-site-navigation__primary-link-text msk-site-navigation__primary-link-text--expandable" >Learn About Cancer & Treatment</span></a><div id="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-2" class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-container"><div class="msk-site-navigation__submenu-inner"><div class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-header"><a href="#" class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-header-back msk-site-navigation__mobile-back" role="button" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-controls="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-2"><svg width='24' height='24' aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="msk-icon msk-icon__md msk-icon__md-chevron_left"><path d="M15.41 7.41L14 6l-6 6 6 6 1.41-1.41L10.83 12l4.58-4.59z"/></svg><span class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-header-back_text">Back</span></a><div class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-title"> Learn About Cancer & Treatment </div></div><ul class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu--full"><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--template msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--grouped msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--grouped-1 msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--hide-mobile"><ul class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group"><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><div class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-template"><h2 class="msk-u-card-title">We treat every type of cancer, including the most important one: yours.</h2><p>With cancer, where you get treated first matters. From diagnosis to treatment, our experts provide the care and support you need, when you need it.</p></div></li></ul></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--links msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--grouped msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--grouped-2 msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--dislpay-mobile"><ul class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group"><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link-group-link--heading"><span class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link-text">Adults</span></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><a href="/cancer-care/types">Cancers & conditions</a></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><a href="/cancer-care/risk-assessment-screening">Risk assessment & screening</a></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><a href="/cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment">Diagnosis & treatment</a></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><a href="/cancer-care/clinical-trials">Clinical trials</a></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link-group-link--heading"><span class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link-text">Children & Teens</span></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><a href="/pediatrics/cancer-care/pediatric-cancers">Cancers & conditions</a></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><a href="/pediatrics/cancer-care/treatments">Diagnosis & treatment</a></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><a href="/pediatrics/cancer-care/clinical-trials">Clinical trials</a></li></ul></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--links msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--grouped msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--grouped-3 msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--dislpay-mobile"><ul class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group--has-divider"><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link-group-link--heading"><span class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link-text">Support, Services & Programs</span></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><a href="/experience/patient-support">For adults</a></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><a href="/pediatrics/experience/life-pediatrics">For children & teens</a></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><a href="/experience/caregivers-support">For caregivers</a></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><a href="/experience/patient-support/lisa-and-scott-stuart-center-adolescent-and-young-adult-cancers-msk">Adolescents & young adult (AYA) program</a></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><a href="/cancer-care/patient-education">Patient & caregiver education library</a></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link-group-link--heading"><span class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link-text">Cancer News & Discoveries</span></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><a href="/news/in-the-news">Read the latest</a></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><a href="https://c.mskinfo.org/subscriptionpreferencecenter">Sign up for our newsletter</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-link-item msk-site-navigation__primary-link-item-align--left"><a href="#" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-controls="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-3" class="msk-site-navigation__primary-link"><span class="msk-site-navigation__primary-link-text msk-site-navigation__primary-link-text--expandable" >For Physicians</span></a><div id="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-3" class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-container"><div class="msk-site-navigation__submenu-inner"><div class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-header"><a href="#" class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-header-back msk-site-navigation__mobile-back" role="button" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-controls="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-3"><svg width='24' height='24' aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="msk-icon msk-icon__md msk-icon__md-chevron_left"><path d="M15.41 7.41L14 6l-6 6 6 6 1.41-1.41L10.83 12l4.58-4.59z"/></svg><span class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-header-back_text">Back</span></a><div class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-title"> For Physicians </div></div><ul class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu--full"><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--template msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--grouped msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--grouped-1 msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--dislpay-mobile"><ul class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group"><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><div class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-template"><h2 class="msk-u-card-title">Partner with us to treat your patient’s cancer.</h2><p><a href='/appointments/refer-patient' class='msk-button msk-button--light msk-button--secondary'><span class='msk-button__text'>Refer a patient</span></a></p><h3 class='msk-u-overline-text'>CALL OUR DEDICATED CLINICIAN ACCESS NUMBER</h3><div class='msk-summary'><p><a href='tel:6466777440'>646-677-7440</a></p><p>Monday through Friday, 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. (Eastern time)</p></div></div></li></ul></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--links msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--grouped msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--grouped-2 msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--dislpay-mobile"><ul class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group"><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link-group-link--heading"><span class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link-text">Clinical Resources</span></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><a href="/doctors">Our doctors</a></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><a href="/referring-physicians/physician-relations-team">Physician relations</a></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><a href="/clinical-trials-updates/clinical-updates">Clinical updates & insights</a></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><a href="/nomograms">Prediction tools</a></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><a href="/cancer-care/clinical-trials">Clinical trials</a></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group-link"><a href="/hcp-education-training/cme">Continuing medical education (CME)</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-link-item msk-site-navigation__primary-link-item-align--center"><a href="#" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-controls="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-4" class="msk-site-navigation__primary-link"><span class="msk-site-navigation__primary-link-text msk-site-navigation__primary-link-text--expandable" >About Us</span></a><div id="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-4" class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-container"><div class="msk-site-navigation__submenu-inner"><div class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-header"><a href="#" class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-header-back msk-site-navigation__mobile-back" role="button" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-controls="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-4"><svg width='24' height='24' aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="msk-icon msk-icon__md msk-icon__md-chevron_left"><path d="M15.41 7.41L14 6l-6 6 6 6 1.41-1.41L10.83 12l4.58-4.59z"/></svg><span class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-header-back_text">Back</span></a><div class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-title"> About Us </div></div><ul class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu--full"><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--template msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--grouped msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--grouped-1 msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link--hide-mobile"><ul class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-group"><li class="msk-site-navigation__primary-links-submenu-link 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class="msk-site-navigation__utility-item"><a class="msk-site-navigation__utility-link" href="/research/ski"> Sloan Kettering Institute </a></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__utility-item"><a class="msk-site-navigation__utility-link" href="#" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-controls="msk-site-navigation__mobile-utility-links-submenu-2"> Research <span class="msk-site-navigation__utility-link--expandable" aria-hidden="true"><svg width='24' height='24' aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="msk-icon msk-icon__md msk-icon__md-chevron_right"><path d="M10 6L8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6-6-6z"/></svg></span></a><div id="msk-site-navigation__mobile-utility-links-submenu-2" class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-container" aria-expanded="false"><div class="msk-site-navigation__submenu-inner"><div class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-header"><a href="#" 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nursing education (CNE) </a></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-item"><a class="msk-site-navigation__utility-link" href="/departments-divisions"> Academic departments & divisions </a></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-item"><a class="msk-site-navigation__utility-link" href="/hcp-education-training"> Explore all programs </a></li></ul></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-link msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-link--link"><ul class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-group-link msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-group-link--has-divider"><li class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-item msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-item--heading"><span class="msk-site-navigation__utility-link-heading">For Research</span></li><li class="msk-site-navigation__utility-links-submenu-item"><a class="msk-site-navigation__utility-link" href="/education-training/postdoctoral"> Postdoctoral training 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msk-right-rail__main-content--no-page-intro"> <header class="msk-right-rail__heading"> <div class="region region-drupal-actions"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> <div class="region region-breadcrumb"> <div id="block-mskcc-breadcrumbs" class="block block-system block-system-breadcrumb-block"> <nav class="msk-breadcrumb-rail" role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumb"> <ul class="msk-breadcrumb-rail__list"> <li class="msk-breadcrumb-rail__item "><a href="https://www.mskcc.org/msk-news/winter-2024" class="msk-breadcrumb-rail__item-link">MSK News Winter 2024</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="content-title-wrapper"> <section class="content-title content-title--with-breadcrumb"> <h1 class="content-title__title"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">How Checkpoint Inhibitors for Stage 4 Stomach Cancer Worked for Antonio</span> </h1> </section> <div class="region region-region-content-title"> <div 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</li> </ul> </details> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <section class="msk-right-rail__body"> <div class="region region-content"> <div id="block-mskcc-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <div id="acquia-perz-slot-9cb83d1a-e97f-4d4b-bdd5-d8794d04491f" class="acquia-perz-slot acquia-perz-slot-9cb83d1a-e97f-4d4b-bdd5-d8794d04491f acquia-perz-slot-node-news" data-acquia-perz-slot="9cb83d1a-e97f-4d4b-bdd5-d8794d04491f" data-entity-uuid="9cb83d1a-e97f-4d4b-bdd5-d8794d04491f"> <article class="acquia-perz-slot-content node node--type-news node--view-mode-full"> <p class="byline"> By <span class="byline__author">Bill Piersol</span> <strong class="byline__date"> <time class="date date--simple" datetime="2023-11-07T00:00:00-0500">Tuesday, November 7, 2023</time> </strong> </p> <div class="node__content"> <div class="container-image"> <figure class="msk-figure "> <picture class="msk-image" > <source srcset="https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_200/public/node/286991/main_image/lekhrajmal-antonio-230911-050_2100x800.webp 200w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_300/public/node/286991/main_image/lekhrajmal-antonio-230911-050_2100x800.webp 300w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_400/public/node/286991/main_image/lekhrajmal-antonio-230911-050_2100x800.webp 400w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_500/public/node/286991/main_image/lekhrajmal-antonio-230911-050_2100x800.webp 500w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_600/public/node/286991/main_image/lekhrajmal-antonio-230911-050_2100x800.webp 600w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_700/public/node/286991/main_image/lekhrajmal-antonio-230911-050_2100x800.webp 700w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_800/public/node/286991/main_image/lekhrajmal-antonio-230911-050_2100x800.webp 800w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_1000/public/node/286991/main_image/lekhrajmal-antonio-230911-050_2100x800.webp 1000w" type="image/webp" sizes="(min-width: 1250px) 780px, (min-width: 950px) 64vw, calc(100vw - 30px)" > <img class="msk-image__img msk-markup-image-ignore " loading="lazy" src="https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/node/286991/main_image/lekhrajmal-antonio-230911-050_2100x800.jpg" srcset="https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_200/public/node/286991/main_image/lekhrajmal-antonio-230911-050_2100x800.jpg 200w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_300/public/node/286991/main_image/lekhrajmal-antonio-230911-050_2100x800.jpg 300w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_400/public/node/286991/main_image/lekhrajmal-antonio-230911-050_2100x800.jpg 400w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_500/public/node/286991/main_image/lekhrajmal-antonio-230911-050_2100x800.jpg 500w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_600/public/node/286991/main_image/lekhrajmal-antonio-230911-050_2100x800.jpg 600w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_700/public/node/286991/main_image/lekhrajmal-antonio-230911-050_2100x800.jpg 700w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_800/public/node/286991/main_image/lekhrajmal-antonio-230911-050_2100x800.jpg 800w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_1000/public/node/286991/main_image/lekhrajmal-antonio-230911-050_2100x800.jpg 1000w" alt="Antonio Lekhrajmal is seen outdoors with his wife, Maria. He has been successfully treated with checkpoint inhibitors for advanced stomach cancer. " /> </picture> <figcaption class="msk-figure__text"> <p class="msk-figure__body"> Antonio Lekhrajmal, pictured with his wife, Maria, is living well thanks to a form of immunotherapy called a checkpoint inhibitor that helps keep advanced stomach cancer in check. This type of immunotherapy treats many cancers. </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-node--body field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary" id="body-4363"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><div class="msk-markup"> <p>Antonio Lekhrajmal knew his diagnosis of advanced <a href="/cancer-care/types/stomach-gastric">stomach cancer — also called gastric cancer</a> — was extremely serious.</p><p>He credits his doctor, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) <a href="/cancer-care/doctors/yelena-janjigian">gastrointestinal oncologist Yelena Janjigian, MD</a>, with being upfront with him. </p><p>“She said that <a href="/cancer-care/types/stomach-gastric/diagnosis/stages">stage 4 stomach cancer</a> is very hard,” he recalls. “But she told me, ‘Together, we’re going to do everything possible to help you.’ ”</p><p>Today, more than five years after his diagnosis, Antonio is thankful to be doing what he loves — spending time with his wife, Maria, and daughters and pursuing his artwork after nearly 30 years in the custodial department of the Livingston, New Jersey, school system.</p> <h2 class="right-rail__subtitle" id="the-innovative-treatment-msk-offered-antonio-for-metastatic-gastric-cancer">The Innovative Treatment MSK Offered Antonio for Metastatic Gastric Cancer</h2> <p>The treatment that made the difference for Antonio and people facing similar cancers is the <a href="/cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/cancer-treatments/immunotherapy">immunotherapy</a> known as <a href="/cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/cancer-treatments/immunotherapy/checkpoint-inhibitors">checkpoint inhibitors</a>. As Chief of the <a href="/departments/division-solid-tumor-oncology/faculty">Gastrointestinal Oncology Service</a> at MSK, Dr. Janjigian is at the forefront of efforts to investigate how they can help more people.</p><div class="container-image"> <figure class="msk-figure msk-figure--right"> <picture class="msk-image"> <source srcset="https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_200/public/node/286991/inline_images/janjigian-yelena_210517_017_1_1200x800-1_0.webp 200w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_300/public/node/286991/inline_images/janjigian-yelena_210517_017_1_1200x800-1_0.webp 300w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_400/public/node/286991/inline_images/janjigian-yelena_210517_017_1_1200x800-1_0.webp 400w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_500/public/node/286991/inline_images/janjigian-yelena_210517_017_1_1200x800-1_0.webp 500w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_600/public/node/286991/inline_images/janjigian-yelena_210517_017_1_1200x800-1_0.webp 600w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_700/public/node/286991/inline_images/janjigian-yelena_210517_017_1_1200x800-1_0.webp 700w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_800/public/node/286991/inline_images/janjigian-yelena_210517_017_1_1200x800-1_0.webp 800w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_1000/public/node/286991/inline_images/janjigian-yelena_210517_017_1_1200x800-1_0.webp 1000w" type="image/webp" sizes="(min-width: 1250px) 378px, (min-width: 950px) 31vw, (min-width: 768px) 44vw, calc(100vw - 30px)"></source> <img class="msk-image__img msk-markup-image-ignore " loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/node/286991/inline_images/janjigian-yelena_210517_017_1_1200x800-1_0.jpg" srcset="https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_200/public/node/286991/inline_images/janjigian-yelena_210517_017_1_1200x800-1_0.jpg 200w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_300/public/node/286991/inline_images/janjigian-yelena_210517_017_1_1200x800-1_0.jpg 300w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_400/public/node/286991/inline_images/janjigian-yelena_210517_017_1_1200x800-1_0.jpg 400w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_500/public/node/286991/inline_images/janjigian-yelena_210517_017_1_1200x800-1_0.jpg 500w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_600/public/node/286991/inline_images/janjigian-yelena_210517_017_1_1200x800-1_0.jpg 600w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_700/public/node/286991/inline_images/janjigian-yelena_210517_017_1_1200x800-1_0.jpg 700w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_800/public/node/286991/inline_images/janjigian-yelena_210517_017_1_1200x800-1_0.jpg 800w,https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/styles/width_1000/public/node/286991/inline_images/janjigian-yelena_210517_017_1_1200x800-1_0.jpg 1000w" alt="Yelena Janjigian, MD, gastrointestinal oncologist at Memorial Sloan Ketting"> </picture> <figcaption class="msk-figure__text"> <p class="msk-figure__body"> Dr. Yelena Janjigian, gastrointestinal oncologist at MSK </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div><p>In fact, <a href="/news/breakthrough-people-facing-gastric-and-esophageal">clinical trials she led</a> using checkpoint inhibitors were cited by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration when it approved this therapy as “the first treatment in more than a decade to show survival benefit for people with metastatic gastric cancer who are being treated for the first time.”</p><p>The success of these clinical trials joins a growing list of advances with checkpoint inhibitors that have been pioneered by MSK scientists and clinicians for more than two decades.</p> <div class="msk-back-to-top"> <a href="#" > <span class="msk-back-to-top__text">Back to top</span> <svg width='24' height='24' aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="msk-icon msk-icon__md msk-icon__md-expand_less"><path d="M12 8l-6 6 1.41 1.41L12 10.83l4.59 4.58L18 14l-6-6z"/></svg> </a> </div> <h2 class="right-rail__subtitle" id="how-checkpoint-inhibitors-work">How Checkpoint Inhibitors Work</h2> <p>The cells of the immune system are so powerful that they contain a built-in brake to prevent them from attacking healthy cells by accident. Cancer cells, says Dr. Janjigian, “are normal cells gone rogue.” So they can sometimes trigger the brake, effectively disguising themselves as normal cells and deceiving immune cells into leaving them alone.</p><p>Checkpoint inhibitors expose the deception by preventing cancer cells from activating the brake. “They uncloak the cancer cells,” says Dr. Janjigian, “making them more visible to the immune system and allowing it to attack the cancer cells and suppress them from coming back.”</p><p>Dr. Janjigian adds, “The reason this works so well is that the immune system can continue doing surveillance and attacking cancer cells longer than other treatments like <a href="/cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/cancer-treatments/chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a>.”</p> <div class="msk-back-to-top"> <a href="#" > <span class="msk-back-to-top__text">Back to top</span> <svg width='24' height='24' aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="msk-icon msk-icon__md msk-icon__md-expand_less"><path d="M12 8l-6 6 1.41 1.41L12 10.83l4.59 4.58L18 14l-6-6z"/></svg> </a> </div> <h2 class="right-rail__subtitle" id="which-cancers-are-treated-by-checkpoint-inhibitors">Which Cancers Are Treated by Checkpoint Inhibitors?</h2> <p>Checkpoint inhibitors are remarkably powerful and adaptable — much like the immune system itself.</p><p>They can be used for local cancer that hasn’t spread, as well as for metastatic cancer. They can be combined with chemotherapy and used before or after <a href="/cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/cancer-treatments/surgery">surgery</a> and <a href="/cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/cancer-treatments/radiation-therapy">radiation</a>. And they strengthen other forms of immunotherapy, such as <a href="/news/can-mrna-vaccines-fight-pancreatic-cancer-msk-clinical-researchers-are-trying-find-out">vaccines</a> and <a href="/research-areas/topics/cell-based-therapy">cellular therapies</a> like TIL.</p><p>In a <a href="/news/rectal-cancer-clinical-trial-msk-changed-everything-its-patients">small but impactful study at MSK</a>, checkpoint inhibitors used alone made <a href="/cancer-care/types/rectal">rectal cancer</a> disappear entirely in a group of patients whose tumors had a specific genetic mutation. MSK researchers are now investigating this use of checkpoint inhibitors in other cancer types.</p><p>Checkpoint inhibitors have proved themselves effective in treating many forms of cancer, including <a href="/cancer-care/types/melanoma">melanoma</a>, <a href="/cancer-care/types/lung">lung</a>, <a href="/cancer-care/types/bladder">bladder</a>, <a href="/cancer-care/types/kidney">kidney</a>, and, recently, <a href="/cancer-care/types/ovarian">ovarian</a> cancers. Dr. Janjigian says this form of immunotherapy is particularly useful in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including <a href="/cancer-care/types/esophageal">esophagus</a>, <a href="/cancer-care/types/colorectal">colorectal</a>, gastric, and <a href="/cancer-care/types/liver">liver</a> cancers.</p><p>“These kinds of tumors are driven by several different genetic abnormalities and are very complex,” she says.</p><p>Using checkpoint inhibitors — in combination with other therapies — offers new options that can help address these complexities.</p> <div class="msk-back-to-top"> <a href="#" > <span class="msk-back-to-top__text">Back to top</span> <svg width='24' height='24' aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="msk-icon msk-icon__md msk-icon__md-expand_less"><path d="M12 8l-6 6 1.41 1.41L12 10.83l4.59 4.58L18 14l-6-6z"/></svg> </a> </div> <h2 class="right-rail__subtitle" id="making-checkpoint-inhibitors-work-for-more-people">Making Checkpoint Inhibitors Work for More People</h2> <p>Dr. Janjigian stresses that immunotherapy, including checkpoint inhibitors, doesn’t work for everyone. In some cancers, only a small percentage of people see substantial improvement.</p><p>“Making this work for more people is the next big leap for researchers at MSK,” she says. Among the areas being investigated, Dr. Janjigian cites the “genetics of the tumor itself, as well as where it sits in the body and how easily it can be infiltrated by immune cells.” Perhaps most important, Dr. Janjigian explains, is the person’s own body: “How well does their immune system work in general, and how does that affect treatment?”</p><p>Dr. Janjigian says, “Understanding these factors is why it matters so much where you go for treatment. Using immunotherapy can affect the entire trajectory of a person’s care. Getting the right expertise is crucial.”</p> <div class="msk-back-to-top"> <a href="#" > <span class="msk-back-to-top__text">Back to top</span> <svg width='24' height='24' aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="msk-icon msk-icon__md msk-icon__md-expand_less"><path d="M12 8l-6 6 1.41 1.41L12 10.83l4.59 4.58L18 14l-6-6z"/></svg> </a> </div> <h2 class="right-rail__subtitle" id="msk-s-expertise-with-checkpoint-inhibitors">MSK’s Expertise With Checkpoint Inhibitors</h2> <p>Antonio’s treatment involved regular infusions of checkpoint inhibitors along with chemotherapy. Together, this treatment shrank his tumor enough that it could be surgically removed by <a href="/cancer-care/doctors/vivian-strong">Vivian Strong, MD</a>. Antonio says recovery from the treatment was challenging. But “after surviving cancer,” he says, “I know what’s really important in life, and I have Dr. Janjigian to thank.”</p><p>For her part, Dr. Janjigian is thankful to be able to offer checkpoint inhibitors. “I can now look people in the eye who have stage 4 disease and say there’s a possibility they will live with this disease, rather than live in fear.”</p><div class="container-callout"> <div class="msk-simple-callout "> <div class="msk-simple-callout__content-wrapper"> <div class="msk-simple-callout__body"><strong>Dr. Strong</strong> holds the <strong>Iris Cantor Chair</strong>.</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="msk-back-to-top"> <a href="#" > <span class="msk-back-to-top__text">Back to top</span> <svg width='24' height='24' aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="msk-icon msk-icon__md msk-icon__md-expand_less"><path d="M12 8l-6 6 1.41 1.41L12 10.83l4.59 4.58L18 14l-6-6z"/></svg> </a> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="node__links"> </div> <nav style="clear: both" id="book-navigation-191995" class="book-navigation" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="book-label-191995"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="book-label-191995">Book traversal links for MSK News</h2> <div class="msk-pagination-pages"> <div class="msk-pagination-pages__previous"> <p class="msk-pagination-pages__overline">Previous</p> <a href="/news/how-msk-is-improving-cancer-treatment-for-hispanic-patients" class="msk-pagination-pages__previous-link"> Feeling at Home </a> </div> <div class="msk-pagination-pages__next"> <p class="msk-pagination-pages__overline">Next</p> <a href="/news/how-msk-is-improving-car-t-cell-therapy-for-cancer-treatment" class="msk-pagination-pages__next-link"> How MSK Is Improving CAR T Cell Therapy for Cancer Treatment </a> </div> </div> </nav> </article> </div> </div> </div> </section> </article> </div> <div class="msk-right-rail__right-rail msk-layout-grid__rail"> <div class="msk-right-rail__sidebar-content"> <div class="msk-right-rail__sidebar-content__wrapper"> <aside class="layout-sidebar-first" role="complementary"> <div class="region region-sidebar-first"> <div class="navigation-widget"> <article class="msk-tile "> <div class="msk-tile__content"> <div class="msk-tile__title">Navigate this article</div> <div class="msk-tile__list"> <ul class="msk-list msk-list--unordered" > <li class="msk-list-item "> <a href="#the-innovative-treatment-msk-offered-antonio-for-metastatic-gastric-cancer">The Innovative Treatment MSK Offered Antonio for Metastatic Gastric Cancer</a> </li> <li class="msk-list-item "> <a href="#how-checkpoint-inhibitors-work">How Checkpoint Inhibitors Work</a> </li> <li class="msk-list-item "> <a href="#which-cancers-are-treated-by-checkpoint-inhibitors">Which Cancers Are Treated by Checkpoint Inhibitors?</a> </li> <li class="msk-list-item "> <a href="#making-checkpoint-inhibitors-work-for-more-people">Making Checkpoint Inhibitors Work for More People</a> </li> <li 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How Checkpoint Inhibitors for Stage 4 Stomach Cancer Worked for Antonio | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center