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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Climate change in the US state of Pennsylvania</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pennsylvania_K%C3%B6ppen.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Pennsylvania_K%C3%B6ppen.png/220px-Pennsylvania_K%C3%B6ppen.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Pennsylvania_K%C3%B6ppen.png/330px-Pennsylvania_K%C3%B6ppen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Pennsylvania_K%C3%B6ppen.png/440px-Pennsylvania_K%C3%B6ppen.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="5519" /></a><figcaption>Köppen climate types in Pennsylvania, showing that the climate of the state is a primarily warm summer humid-continental in the north and primarily humid subtropical with patches of oceanic in the south.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Climate change in Pennsylvania</b> encompasses the <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change" title="Effects of climate change">effects of climate change</a>, attributed to man-made increases in atmospheric <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>, in the U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. </p><p>In 2021, Pennsylvania experienced areas of extreme flooding due to <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ida" title="Hurricane Ida">Hurricane Ida</a>, which was noted as having characteristics that are probably more common in a <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">warmer climate</a>: the intensity, the rapid intensification, and the amount of rainfall over land.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a> (EPA) reports that Pennsylvania has warmed more than half a degree (F) in the last century, heavy rainstorms are more frequent, and the tidal portion of the Delaware River is rising about one inch every eight years.<sup id="cite_ref-EPA_August_2016_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPA_August_2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the coming decades, changing the climate is likely to increase flooding, harm ecosystems, disrupt farming, and increase some risks to human health. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Increasing_temperature_and_changing_precipitation">Increasing temperature and changing precipitation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Climate_change_in_Pennsylvania&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Increasing temperature and changing precipitation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:July_2021_flood_aftermath,_Andalusia,_Pennsylvania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/July_2021_flood_aftermath%2C_Andalusia%2C_Pennsylvania.jpg/220px-July_2021_flood_aftermath%2C_Andalusia%2C_Pennsylvania.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/July_2021_flood_aftermath%2C_Andalusia%2C_Pennsylvania.jpg/330px-July_2021_flood_aftermath%2C_Andalusia%2C_Pennsylvania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/July_2021_flood_aftermath%2C_Andalusia%2C_Pennsylvania.jpg/440px-July_2021_flood_aftermath%2C_Andalusia%2C_Pennsylvania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8192" data-file-height="5464" /></a><figcaption>Belongings dry out after a flood, <a href="/wiki/Andalusia,_Pennsylvania" title="Andalusia, Pennsylvania">Andalusia</a>, 2021</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cleaning_solar_panels,_Palmyra,_Pennsylvania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Cleaning_solar_panels%2C_Palmyra%2C_Pennsylvania.jpg/220px-Cleaning_solar_panels%2C_Palmyra%2C_Pennsylvania.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Cleaning_solar_panels%2C_Palmyra%2C_Pennsylvania.jpg/330px-Cleaning_solar_panels%2C_Palmyra%2C_Pennsylvania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Cleaning_solar_panels%2C_Palmyra%2C_Pennsylvania.jpg/440px-Cleaning_solar_panels%2C_Palmyra%2C_Pennsylvania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Cleaning solar panels, <a href="/wiki/Palmyra,_Pennsylvania" title="Palmyra, Pennsylvania">Palmyra</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The EPA reports that rising temperatures and shifting rainfall patterns are likely to increase the intensity of both floods and droughts. Average annual precipitation in Pennsylvania has increased 5 to 10 percent in the last century, and precipitation from extremely heavy storms has increased 70 percent in the Northeast since 1958. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2023-06-07_17_34_40_Canadian_wildfire_smoke_obscuring_the_view_southwest_along_the_Scudder_Falls_Bridge_Shared-Use_Path_as_it_crosses_the_Delaware_River_from_Ewing_Township,_New_Jersey_to_Lower_Makefield_Township,_Pennsylvania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/2023-06-07_17_34_40_Canadian_wildfire_smoke_obscuring_the_view_southwest_along_the_Scudder_Falls_Bridge_Shared-Use_Path_as_it_crosses_the_Delaware_River_from_Ewing_Township%2C_New_Jersey_to_Lower_Makefield_Township%2C_Pennsylvania.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/2023-06-07_17_34_40_Canadian_wildfire_smoke_obscuring_the_view_southwest_along_the_Scudder_Falls_Bridge_Shared-Use_Path_as_it_crosses_the_Delaware_River_from_Ewing_Township%2C_New_Jersey_to_Lower_Makefield_Township%2C_Pennsylvania.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/2023-06-07_17_34_40_Canadian_wildfire_smoke_obscuring_the_view_southwest_along_the_Scudder_Falls_Bridge_Shared-Use_Path_as_it_crosses_the_Delaware_River_from_Ewing_Township%2C_New_Jersey_to_Lower_Makefield_Township%2C_Pennsylvania.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Smoke_from_the_2023_Canadian_wildfires" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoke from the 2023 Canadian wildfires">Wildfire smoke pollution</a>, Delaware River, 2023</figcaption></figure> <p>During the next century, annual precipitation and the frequency of heavy downpours are likely to keep rising. Precipitation is likely to increase during winter and spring, but not change significantly during summer and fall. Rising temperatures will melt snow earlier in spring and increase evaporation, and thereby dry the soil during summer and fall. As a result, changing the climate is likely to intensify flooding during winter and spring, and drought during summer and fall. In 2011, <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Irene" title="Hurricane Irene">Hurricane Irene</a> caused the Schuylkill River to overflow its banks, flooding a rail line, bike path, and other infrastructure in Philadelphia.<sup id="cite_ref-EPA_August_2016_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPA_August_2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Higher_tides_along_the_Delaware_River">Higher tides along the Delaware River</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Climate_change_in_Pennsylvania&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Higher tides along the Delaware River"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2006_flood_Westfall_PA_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/2006_flood_Westfall_PA_%28cropped%29.png/220px-2006_flood_Westfall_PA_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/2006_flood_Westfall_PA_%28cropped%29.png/330px-2006_flood_Westfall_PA_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/2006_flood_Westfall_PA_%28cropped%29.png/440px-2006_flood_Westfall_PA_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="519" /></a><figcaption>Delaware River flood blocking <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_6_in_Pennsylvania" title="U.S. Route 6 in Pennsylvania">Route 6</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CasselmanWF2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/CasselmanWF2019.jpg/220px-CasselmanWF2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/CasselmanWF2019.jpg/330px-CasselmanWF2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/CasselmanWF2019.jpg/440px-CasselmanWF2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Casselman_Wind_Power_Project" title="Casselman Wind Power Project">Casselman wind farm</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The EPA reports that sea level is rising more rapidly along Pennsylvania's shoreline than in most coastal areas because the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">Delaware Valley</a> is sinking. If the oceans and atmosphere continue to warm, the tidal portion of the Delaware River is likely to rise one to four feet in the next century. Parts of <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_International_Airport" title="Philadelphia International Airport">Philadelphia International Airport</a> and neighborhoods to the north are within two or three feet above the average high tide on the Delaware River. In downtown Philadelphia, <a href="/wiki/Penn%27s_Landing" title="Penn's Landing">Penn's Landing</a> and the Northeast Corridor railroad tracks at 30th Street Station are currently in the 100-year floodplain. Along the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers, a higher sea level could increase the extent of flooding caused by either coastal storms or severe rainstorms, unless communities take measures to hold back the rising rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-EPA_August_2016_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPA_August_2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tidal freshwater wetlands along the Delaware River are likely to capture enough sediment for their land surfaces to keep pace with rising sea level. But both rising sea level and increasing drought enable salt water to mix farther up the Delaware River, which could kill wetland plants. In places where that occurs, wetlands might be replaced by either salt-tolerant wetland plants or shallow waters. Higher salinity could also create problems for Philadelphia's water supply during droughts, if salty water moves upstream to the city's drinking water intake at <a href="/wiki/Torresdale,_Philadelphia" title="Torresdale, Philadelphia">Torresdale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EPA_August_2016_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPA_August_2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inland_waters">Inland waters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Climate_change_in_Pennsylvania&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Inland waters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flood_damage,_York,_Pennsylvania,_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flood_damage%2C_York%2C_Pennsylvania%2C_2018.jpg/220px-Flood_damage%2C_York%2C_Pennsylvania%2C_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flood_damage%2C_York%2C_Pennsylvania%2C_2018.jpg/330px-Flood_damage%2C_York%2C_Pennsylvania%2C_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flood_damage%2C_York%2C_Pennsylvania%2C_2018.jpg/440px-Flood_damage%2C_York%2C_Pennsylvania%2C_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Flood damage, <a href="/wiki/York,_Pennsylvania" title="York, Pennsylvania">York</a>, 2018</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20110420-RD-LSC-0880_-_Flickr_-_USDAgov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/20110420-RD-LSC-0880_-_Flickr_-_USDAgov.jpg/220px-20110420-RD-LSC-0880_-_Flickr_-_USDAgov.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/20110420-RD-LSC-0880_-_Flickr_-_USDAgov.jpg/330px-20110420-RD-LSC-0880_-_Flickr_-_USDAgov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/20110420-RD-LSC-0880_-_Flickr_-_USDAgov.jpg/440px-20110420-RD-LSC-0880_-_Flickr_-_USDAgov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Solar installation, <a href="/wiki/Myerstown,_Pennsylvania" title="Myerstown, Pennsylvania">Myerstown</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The EPA notes that extraordinarily high river flows occasionally cause problems for commercial navigation along the Ohio and Allegheny rivers, and riverfront communities along the Susquehanna River and smaller tributaries occasionally flood. Heavier storms and greater river flows could make these problems worse. In 2011, heavy rainfall caused record flooding on the Susquehanna and the evacuations of Wilkes-Barre. Conversely, lower summer rainfall and higher evaporation could leave some rivers too shallow for navigation during droughts.<sup id="cite_ref-EPA_August_2016_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPA_August_2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warmer winters reduce the number of days that ice prevents navigation on rivers and in the Great Lakes. Between 1994 and 2011, reduced ice cover lengthened the shipping season on the Great Lakes by eight additional days. The Great Lakes are likely to warm another 3° to 7°F in the next 70 years, which will further extend the shipping season. The impact of climate change on water quality is less likely to be beneficial. Warmer temperatures tend to cause more algal blooms, which can be unsightly, harm fish, and degrade water quality. Severe storms also increase the amount of pollutants that run off from the land into the water, further increasing the risk of algal blooms.<sup id="cite_ref-EPA_August_2016_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPA_August_2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecosystems">Ecosystems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Climate_change_in_Pennsylvania&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ecosystems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Centralia_smoke_rising.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Centralia_smoke_rising.jpg/220px-Centralia_smoke_rising.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Centralia_smoke_rising.jpg/330px-Centralia_smoke_rising.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Centralia_smoke_rising.jpg/440px-Centralia_smoke_rising.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="838" /></a><figcaption>Centralia fire</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FEMA_-_11598_-_Photograph_by_Bob_McMillan_taken_on_09-29-2004_in_Pennsylvania_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/FEMA_-_11598_-_Photograph_by_Bob_McMillan_taken_on_09-29-2004_in_Pennsylvania_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-FEMA_-_11598_-_Photograph_by_Bob_McMillan_taken_on_09-29-2004_in_Pennsylvania_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/FEMA_-_11598_-_Photograph_by_Bob_McMillan_taken_on_09-29-2004_in_Pennsylvania_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-FEMA_-_11598_-_Photograph_by_Bob_McMillan_taken_on_09-29-2004_in_Pennsylvania_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/FEMA_-_11598_-_Photograph_by_Bob_McMillan_taken_on_09-29-2004_in_Pennsylvania_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-FEMA_-_11598_-_Photograph_by_Bob_McMillan_taken_on_09-29-2004_in_Pennsylvania_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1246" data-file-height="1360" /></a><figcaption>Flood cleanup, Bridgeville</figcaption></figure> <p>The EPA reports that a changing climate threatens ecosystems by disrupting the existing relationships between species. Wildflowers and woody perennials are blooming—and migratory birds are arriving—sooner in spring. Not all species adjust in the same way, however, so the food that one species needs may no longer be available when that species arrives on its migration. As a result, for example birds in western Pennsylvania have had lower body weights during warm years. Warmer temperatures allow deer populations to increase, leading to a loss of forest underbrush, which, in turn, makes some animals more vulnerable to predators. Rising temperatures also enable invasive species to move into areas that were previously too cold.<sup id="cite_ref-EPA_August_2016_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPA_August_2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Climate_change_in_Pennsylvania&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Changing climate will have both beneficial and harmful effects on farming, but the net effect is unknown. Longer frost-free growing seasons and higher concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide would increase yields for many crops during an average year, notably soybeans. But increasingly hot summers are likely to reduce yields of corn, Pennsylvania's most important crop. The earlier arrival of spring may increase populations of major crop pests, such as the corn earworm and aggressive weeds. Higher temperatures cause cows to eat less and produce less milk, so a warming climate could reduce the output of milk and beef, which together account for more than one-third of the commonwealth's farm revenues.<sup id="cite_ref-EPA_August_2016_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPA_August_2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Climate_change_in_Pennsylvania&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plug-in_electric_vehicles_in_Pennsylvania" title="Plug-in electric vehicles in Pennsylvania">Plug-in electric vehicles in Pennsylvania</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Climate_change_in_Pennsylvania&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGibbens2021" class="citation web cs1">Gibbens, Sarah (August 31, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210831222517/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/how-climate-change-is-fueling-hurricanes-like-ida">"How climate change is fueling hurricanes like Ida"</a>. <i>National Geographic</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/how-climate-change-is-fueling-hurricanes-like-ida">the original</a> on August 31, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=How+climate+change+is+fueling+hurricanes+like+Ida&rft.date=2021-08-31&rft.aulast=Gibbens&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fenvironment%2Farticle%2Fhow-climate-change-is-fueling-hurricanes-like-ida&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClimate+change+in+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EPA_August_2016-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EPA_August_2016_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EPA_August_2016_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EPA_August_2016_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EPA_August_2016_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EPA_August_2016_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EPA_August_2016_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EPA_August_2016_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EPA_August_2016_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/climate-change-pa.pdf">"What Climate Change Means for Pennsylvania"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>United States Environmental Protection Agency</i>. EPA.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft.atitle=What+Climate+Change+Means+for+Pennsylvania&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F19january2017snapshot.epa.gov%2Fsites%2Fproduction%2Ffiles%2F2016-09%2Fdocuments%2Fclimate-change-pa.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClimate+change+in+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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title="Climate change in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Arkansas" title="Climate change in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_California" title="Climate change in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Colorado" title="Climate change in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Connecticut" title="Climate change in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Delaware" title="Climate change in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Florida" title="Climate change in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Climate change in Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate change in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Idaho" title="Climate change in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Illinois" title="Climate change in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Indiana" title="Climate change in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Iowa" title="Climate change in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Kansas" title="Climate change in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Kentucky" title="Climate change in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Louisiana" title="Climate change in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Maine" title="Climate change in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Maryland" title="Climate change in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Massachusetts" title="Climate change in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Michigan" title="Climate change in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Minnesota" title="Climate change in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Mississippi" title="Climate change in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Missouri" title="Climate change in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Montana" title="Climate change in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Nebraska" title="Climate change in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Nevada" title="Climate change in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_New_Hampshire" title="Climate change in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_New_Jersey" title="Climate change in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_New_Mexico" title="Climate change in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_New_York_(state)" title="Climate change in New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_North_Carolina" title="Climate change in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_North_Dakota" title="Climate change in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Ohio" title="Climate change in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Oklahoma" title="Climate change in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Oregon" title="Climate change in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Rhode_Island" title="Climate change in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_South_Carolina" title="Climate change in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_South_Dakota" title="Climate change in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Tennessee" title="Climate change in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Texas" title="Climate change in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Utah" title="Climate change in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Vermont" title="Climate change in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Virginia" title="Climate change in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Washington_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate change in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_West_Virginia" title="Climate change in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Wisconsin" title="Climate change in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Wyoming" title="Climate change in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Climate change in Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_American_Samoa" title="Climate change in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Guam" title="Climate change in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Climate change in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Climate change in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Climate change in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Commonwealth_of_Pennsylvania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pennsylvania" title="Template:Pennsylvania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pennsylvania" title="Template talk:Pennsylvania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pennsylvania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pennsylvania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Commonwealth_of_Pennsylvania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._state)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. state)">Commonwealth</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Pennsylvania-related_articles" title="Index of Pennsylvania-related articles">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Pennsylvania" title="Outline of Pennsylvania">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Pennsylvania" title="United States congressional delegations from Pennsylvania">Delegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pennsylvania" title="Government of Pennsylvania">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pennsylvania" title="History of Pennsylvania">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Pennsylvania" title="Geography of Pennsylvania">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Pennsylvania" title="Geology of Pennsylvania">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Pennsylvania" title="Law of Pennsylvania">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Pennsylvania" title="List of people from Pennsylvania">Notable Pennsylvanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pennsylvania_state_parks" title="List of Pennsylvania state parks">State parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pennsylvania_state_symbols" title="List of Pennsylvania state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Pennsylvania" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Pennsylvania">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Pennsylvania" title="Abortion in Pennsylvania">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Pennsylvania" title="Agriculture in Pennsylvania">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Pennsylvania">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Pennsylvania" title="Crime in Pennsylvania">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania#Demographics" title="Pennsylvania">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania#Economy" title="Pennsylvania">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Pennsylvania" title="Education in Pennsylvania">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Pennsylvania" title="Gambling in Pennsylvania">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Pennsylvania">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Pennsylvania" title="Politics of Pennsylvania">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Pennsylvania" title="Sports in Pennsylvania">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_metropolitan_areas" title="Pennsylvania metropolitan areas">Metro areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altoona,_Pennsylvania" title="Altoona, Pennsylvania">Altoona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie,_Pennsylvania" title="Erie, Pennsylvania">Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg%E2%80%93Carlisle_metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Harrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan statistical area">Harrisburg–Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg%E2%80%93York%E2%80%93Lebanon_combined_statistical_area" title="Harrisburg–York–Lebanon combined statistical area">Harrisburg–York–Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnstown,_Pennsylvania" title="Johnstown, Pennsylvania">Johnstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon,_Pennsylvania" title="Lebanon, Pennsylvania">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehigh_Valley" title="Lehigh Valley">Lehigh Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Pittsburgh" title="Greater Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Berks County, Pennsylvania">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Valley" title="Wyoming Valley">Scranton‑Wilkes-Barre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_College,_Pennsylvania" title="State College, Pennsylvania">State College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Baltimore_combined_statistical_area" title="Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area">Washington-Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamsport,_Pennsylvania" title="Williamsport, Pennsylvania">Williamsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York,_Pennsylvania" title="York, Pennsylvania">York</a>-<a href="/wiki/Hanover,_Pennsylvania" title="Hanover, Pennsylvania">Hanover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Pennsylvania" title="List of cities in Pennsylvania">Largest cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allentown,_Pennsylvania" title="Allentown, Pennsylvania">Allentown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altoona,_Pennsylvania" title="Altoona, Pennsylvania">Altoona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem,_Pennsylvania" title="Bethlehem, Pennsylvania">Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butler,_Pennsylvania" title="Butler, Pennsylvania">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester,_Pennsylvania" title="Chester, Pennsylvania">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DuBois,_Pennsylvania" title="DuBois, Pennsylvania">DuBois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easton,_Pennsylvania" title="Easton, Pennsylvania">Easton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie,_Pennsylvania" title="Erie, Pennsylvania">Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Greensburg, Pennsylvania">Greensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazleton,_Pennsylvania" title="Hazleton, Pennsylvania">Hazleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnstown,_Pennsylvania" title="Johnstown, Pennsylvania">Johnstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon,_Pennsylvania" title="Lebanon, Pennsylvania">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKeesport,_Pennsylvania" title="McKeesport, Pennsylvania">McKeesport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Pennsylvania" title="New Castle, Pennsylvania">New Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottsville,_Pennsylvania" title="Pottsville, Pennsylvania">Pottsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading,_Pennsylvania" title="Reading, Pennsylvania">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scranton,_Pennsylvania" title="Scranton, Pennsylvania">Scranton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunbury,_Pennsylvania" title="Sunbury, Pennsylvania">Sunbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkes-Barre,_Pennsylvania" title="Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania">Wilkes-Barre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamsport,_Pennsylvania" title="Williamsport, Pennsylvania">Williamsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York,_Pennsylvania" title="York, Pennsylvania">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_boroughs_in_Pennsylvania" title="List of towns and boroughs in Pennsylvania">Largest<br />municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abington_Township,_Montgomery_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Abington Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania">Abington Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bensalem_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Bensalem Township, Pennsylvania">Bensalem Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethel_Park,_Pennsylvania" title="Bethel Park, Pennsylvania">Bethel Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Bristol Township, Pennsylvania">Bristol Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheltenham_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania">Cheltenham Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranberry_Township,_Butler_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Cranberry Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania">Cranberry Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darby,_Pennsylvania" title="Darby, Pennsylvania">Darby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falls_Township,_Bucks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Falls Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania">Falls Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampden_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Hampden Township, Pennsylvania">Hampden Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haverford_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Haverford Township, Pennsylvania">Haverford Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hempfield_Township,_Westmoreland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Hempfield Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania">Hempfield Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Macungie_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Lower Macungie Township, Pennsylvania">Lower Macungie Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Makefield_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Lower Makefield Township, Pennsylvania">Lower Makefield Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Merion_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania">Lower Merion Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Paxton_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Lower Paxton Township, Pennsylvania">Lower Paxton Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manheim_Township,_Lancaster_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Manheim Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania">Manheim Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCandless,_Pennsylvania" title="McCandless, Pennsylvania">McCandless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middletown_Township,_Bucks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Middletown Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania">Middletown Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millcreek_Township,_Erie_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Millcreek Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania">Millcreek Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroeville,_Pennsylvania" title="Monroeville, Pennsylvania">Monroeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mt._Lebanon,_Pennsylvania" title="Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania">Mt. Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norristown,_Pennsylvania" title="Norristown, Pennsylvania">Norristown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northampton_Township,_Bucks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Northampton Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania">Northampton Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Huntingdon_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="North Huntingdon Township, Pennsylvania">North Huntingdon Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penn_Hills,_Pennsylvania" title="Penn Hills, Pennsylvania">Penn Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radnor_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Radnor Township, Pennsylvania">Radnor Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridley_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Ridley Township, Pennsylvania">Ridley Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Township,_Allegheny_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Ross Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania">Ross Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaler_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Shaler Township, Pennsylvania">Shaler Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Township,_Berks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Spring Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania">Spring Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_College,_Pennsylvania" title="State College, Pennsylvania">State College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tredyffrin_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Tredyffrin Township, Pennsylvania">Tredyffrin Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Darby_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania">Upper Darby Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Merion_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Upper Merion Township, Pennsylvania">Upper Merion Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warminster_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Warminster Township, Pennsylvania">Warminster Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Chester,_Pennsylvania" title="West Chester, Pennsylvania">West Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehall_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Whitehall Township, Pennsylvania">Whitehall Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="York Township, Pennsylvania">York Township</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Pennsylvania" title="Regions of Pennsylvania">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains" title="Allegheny Mountains">Allegheny Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegheny_National_Forest" title="Allegheny National Forest">Allegheny National Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Plateau" title="Allegheny Plateau">Allegheny Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bald_Eagle_Valley" title="Bald Eagle Valley">Bald Eagle Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ridge_Mountains" title="Blue Ridge Mountains">Blue Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_Region" title="Coal Region">Coal Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Valley" title="Cumberland Valley">Cumberland Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">Delaware Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Dutch_Country" title="Pennsylvania Dutch Country">Dutch Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endless_Mountains" title="Endless Mountains">Endless Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Valley_(Pennsylvania)" title="Great Valley (Pennsylvania)">Great Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Valley_(Pennsylvania)" title="Happy Valley (Pennsylvania)">Happy Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel_Highlands" title="Laurel Highlands">Laurel Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon_Valley" title="Lebanon Valley">Lebanon Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehigh_Valley" title="Lehigh Valley">Lehigh Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahoning_Valley_(geographic)" title="Mahoning Valley (geographic)">Mahoning Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Main_Line" title="Philadelphia Main Line">Main Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nittany_Valley" title="Nittany Valley">Nittany Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Pennsylvania" title="Northeastern Pennsylvania">Northeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Tier_(Pennsylvania)" title="Northern Tier (Pennsylvania)">Northern Tier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Central_Pennsylvania" title="North Central Pennsylvania">North Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Penn_Valley" title="North Penn Valley">North Penn Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh%E2%80%93New_Castle%E2%80%93Weirton_combined_statistical_area" title="Pittsburgh–New Castle–Weirton combined statistical area">Ohio Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil Region">Oil Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oley_Valley" title="Oley Valley">Oley Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Highlands_Region" title="Pennsylvania Highlands Region">Pennsylvania Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Wilds" title="Pennsylvania Wilds">Pennsylvania Wilds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penns_Valley" title="Penns Valley">Penns Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmont_(United_States)" title="Piedmont (United States)">Piedmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocono_Mountains" title="Pocono Mountains">Pocono Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridge-and-Valley_Appalachians" title="Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians">Ridge and Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg%E2%80%93York%E2%80%93Lebanon_combined_statistical_area" title="Harrisburg–York–Lebanon combined statistical area">South Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susquehanna_Valley" title="Susquehanna Valley">Susquehanna Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Pennsylvania" title="Western Pennsylvania">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Valley" title="Wyoming Valley">Wyoming Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Pennsylvania" title="List of counties in Pennsylvania">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Adams County, Pennsylvania">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegheny_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Allegheny County, Pennsylvania">Allegheny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Armstrong County, Pennsylvania">Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Beaver County, Pennsylvania">Beaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Bedford County, Pennsylvania">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Berks County, Pennsylvania">Berks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Blair County, Pennsylvania">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradford_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Bradford County, Pennsylvania">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Bucks County, Pennsylvania">Bucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butler_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Butler County, Pennsylvania">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambria_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Cambria County, Pennsylvania">Cambria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Cameron County, Pennsylvania">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Carbon County, Pennsylvania">Carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Centre County, Pennsylvania">Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Chester County, Pennsylvania">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarion_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Clarion County, Pennsylvania">Clarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearfield_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Clearfield County, Pennsylvania">Clearfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Clinton County, Pennsylvania">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Columbia County, Pennsylvania">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Crawford County, Pennsylvania">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dauphin_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Dauphin County, Pennsylvania">Dauphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Delaware County, Pennsylvania">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elk_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Elk County, Pennsylvania">Elk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Erie County, Pennsylvania">Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayette_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Fayette County, Pennsylvania">Fayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Forest County, Pennsylvania">Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Franklin County, Pennsylvania">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Fulton County, Pennsylvania">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Greene County, Pennsylvania">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntingdon_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania">Huntingdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Indiana County, Pennsylvania">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Jefferson County, Pennsylvania">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juniata_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Juniata County, Pennsylvania">Juniata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lackawanna_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania">Lackawanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster County, Pennsylvania">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Lawrence County, Pennsylvania">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Lebanon County, Pennsylvania">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehigh_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Lehigh County, Pennsylvania">Lehigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzerne_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Luzerne County, Pennsylvania">Luzerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycoming_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Lycoming County, Pennsylvania">Lycoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKean_County,_Pennsylvania" title="McKean County, Pennsylvania">McKean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercer_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Mercer County, Pennsylvania">Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mifflin_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Mifflin County, Pennsylvania">Mifflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Monroe County, Pennsylvania">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Montgomery County, Pennsylvania">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montour_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Montour County, Pennsylvania">Montour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northampton_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Northampton County, Pennsylvania">Northampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Northumberland County, Pennsylvania">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Perry County, Pennsylvania">Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Pike County, Pennsylvania">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potter_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Potter County, Pennsylvania">Potter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schuylkill_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania">Schuylkill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snyder_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Snyder County, Pennsylvania">Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Somerset County, Pennsylvania">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Sullivan County, Pennsylvania">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susquehanna_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania">Susquehanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tioga_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Tioga County, Pennsylvania">Tioga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Union County, Pennsylvania">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venango_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Venango County, Pennsylvania">Venango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Warren County, Pennsylvania">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Washington County, Pennsylvania">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Wayne County, Pennsylvania">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmoreland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania">Westmoreland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Wyoming County, Pennsylvania">Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_County,_Pennsylvania" title="York County, Pennsylvania">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/48px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/64px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Pennsylvania" title="Portal:Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania 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