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Wikipédia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Rechercher sur Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Rechercher</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="Navigation utilisateur"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Elbe (fleuve)</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> rivière en Europe centrale </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" 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<section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Homonymie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Elbe">Elbe</a>.</p> </div> </div> <p>L'<b>Elbe</b> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemand">allemand</a> <i>Elbe</i>, <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:'Segoe UI','DejaVu Sans','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro',sans-serif;">/<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_%CB%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API ˈ"><span title="[ˈ] indique que la syllabe ou voyelle suivante porte l'accent tonique.">ˈ</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_%C9%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɛ"><span title="[ɛ] « è » dans « mère ».">ɛ</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_l?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API l"><span title="[l] « l » dans « loup ».">l</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_b?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API b"><span title="[b] « b » dans « beau ».">b</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_%C9%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API ə"><span title="[ə] « e » dans « refrain ».">ə</span></a>/</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, <span style="whitespace:nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Son"><img alt="Son" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/14px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/21px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/28px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></span></span><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:%C3%89couter_des_sons_ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Écouter des sons ogg">?</a></sup> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/De-Elbe.ogg" class="internal" title="De-Elbe.ogg">Écouter</a> <small><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:De-Elbe.ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fichier:De-Elbe.ogg">[Fiche]</a></small></span>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tch%C3%A8que?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tchèque">tchèque</a> <i>Labe</i>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sorabe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sorabe">sorabe</a> <i>Łobjo</i>) est un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fleuve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fleuve">fleuve</a> d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europe_centrale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europe centrale">Europe centrale</a> qui prend sa source en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tch%C3%A9quie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tchéquie">Tchéquie</a> dans les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monts_des_G%C3%A9ants?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monts des Géants">monts des Géants</a> et, après un parcours situé en majeure partie en Allemagne, se jette dans la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mer_du_Nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mer du Nord">mer du Nord</a> par un long <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estuaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estuaire">estuaire</a> d'une centaine de kilomètres sur lequel se trouve <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hambourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hambourg">Hambourg</a>, premier port d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemagne">Allemagne</a>. La longueur de ce fleuve est de 1 091 kilomètres.</p> <div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-modere"> <figure class="mw-halign-right noviewer" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:%C3%80_sourcer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus."><img alt="Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a> <figcaption> Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/45px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/68px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/90px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citez_vos_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Citez vos sources">ne cite pas suffisamment ses sources</a></strong> <small>(<time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-07" data-sort-value="2023-07">juillet 2023</time>).</small></p> </div> </div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-modere"> <figure class="mw-halign-right noviewer" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Sources_%C3%A0_lier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus."><img alt="Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a> <figcaption> Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/45px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/68px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/90px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Certaines informations figurant dans cet article ou cette section devraient être mieux reliées aux sources mentionnées dans les sections « Bibliographie », « Sources » ou « Liens externes »</strong> <small>(<time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-07" data-sort-value="2023-07">juillet 2023</time>).</small></p> </div> </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete coursdeau" style="background-color:#80B0E0;color:white;">Elbe (fleuve)<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r188801370">.mw-parser-output .entete.coursdeau{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Picto_infobox_watersource.svg")}</style></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Labe_udoli.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Illustration" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Labe_udoli.jpg/280px-Labe_udoli.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Labe_udoli.jpg/420px-Labe_udoli.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Labe_udoli.jpg/560px-Labe_udoli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304"></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="mw-kartographer-container thumb tnone center"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 280px;"> <a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme" style="width: 280px; height: 360px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="360" data-zoom="6" data-overlays="["_9376f7ed50c239d5290053ace03c589d464ec8d3"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,a,a,280x360.png?lang=fr&domain=fr.wikipedia.org&title=Elbe_%28fleuve%29&revid=212668507&groups=_9376f7ed50c239d5290053ace03c589d464ec8d3" width="280" height="360" decoding="async" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB,https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB,https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB,https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/280x360@2x.png?lang=fr&domain=fr.wikipedia.org&title=Elbe_(fleuve)&revid=212668507&groups=_9376f7ed50c239d5290053ace03c589d464ec8d3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 2x" alt="Carte"></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> Carte interactive de l'<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elbe</a> </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#80B0E0; color:white">Caractéristiques</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Longueur</th> <td><span class="wd_p2043">1 094,26 km ou 367,64 km<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1644?uselang%3Dfr%23P2043" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bassin_versant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bassin versant">Bassin</a></th> <td><span class="wd_p2053">148 268 km<sup>2</sup><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1644?uselang%3Dfr%23P2053" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bassin_versant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bassin versant">Bassin collecteur</a></th> <td><span class="wd_p4614">Bassin de l'Elbe <small>(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12046596" class="extiw" title="d:Q12046596"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Voir l'élément Wikidata correspondant">d</span></a>)</small><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1644?uselang%3Dfr%23P4614" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Source_(hydrologie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Source (hydrologie)">Source</a></th> <td><span class="wd_p885"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monts_des_G%C3%A9ants?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monts des Géants">Monts des Géants</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1644?uselang%3Dfr%23P885" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Pays traversés</th> <td><span class="wd_p17"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tch%C3%A9quie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tchéquie">Tchéquie</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemagne">Allemagne</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1644?uselang%3Dfr%23P17" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #80B0E0 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color: inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DElbe_(fleuve)%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Cours_d%27eau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%89tymologie"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Étymologie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#G%C3%A9ographie"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Géographie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Le_cours_de_l%E2%80%99Elbe"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Le cours de l’Elbe</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Le_cours_sup%C3%A9rieur"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Le cours supérieur</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cours_sup%C3%A9rieur_en_Tch%C3%A9quie"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Cours supérieur en Tchéquie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cours_sup%C3%A9rieur_en_Allemagne"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Cours supérieur en Allemagne</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cours_moyen"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Cours moyen</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cours_inf%C3%A9rieur"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Cours inférieur</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Elbe_ext%C3%A9rieur"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Elbe extérieur</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hydrologie"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Hydrologie</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vitesse_du_courant"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Vitesse du courant</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Gel_de_l'Elbe"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Gel de l'Elbe</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Les_affluents"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Les affluents</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Histoire_et_culture"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Histoire et culture</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Villes_r%C3%A9gions_et_infrastructures"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Villes régions et infrastructures</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Villes"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Villes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Canaux"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Canaux</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Franchissement_de_l%E2%80%99Elbe"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Franchissement de l’Elbe</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Les_principaux_ponts_et_tunnels"><span class="tocnumber">7.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Les principaux ponts et tunnels</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Les_bacs_de_l'Elbe"><span class="tocnumber">7.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Les bacs de l'Elbe</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Espaces_naturels,_faune,_flore_et_protection_de_la_nature"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Espaces naturels, faune, flore et protection de la nature</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Notes et références</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">10.1</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">10.2</span> <span class="toctext">Références</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Voir_aussi"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Voir aussi</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Articles_connexes"><span class="tocnumber">11.1</span> <span class="toctext">Articles connexes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liens_externes"><span class="tocnumber">11.2</span> <span class="toctext">Liens externes</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Étymologie"><span id=".C3.89tymologie"></span>Étymologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Étymologie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Les appellations allemande et tchèque ont la même origine : dans l’Antiquité, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gr%C3%A8ce_antique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grèce antique">Grecs</a>, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Celtes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Celtes">Celtes</a> et les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_romain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire romain">Romains</a> nommaient le fleuve <i>Albis</i>, tandis que les Germains l’appelaient <i>Albia</i>. Ce nom a probablement une étymologie identique à ‘’elfr’’, mot en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vieux_norrois?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vieux norrois">vieux norrois</a> signifiant « fleuve », qui a donné elfur en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islandais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islandais">islandais</a>, <i>älv</i> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Su%C3%A9dois?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suédois">suédois</a> et <i>elv</i> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norv%C3%A9gien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norvégien">norvégien</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>La dénomination <span class="need_ref" title="Ce passage est évasif et mérite d'être précisé." style="cursor:help;">pourrait de manière analogue</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Contenu_%C3%A9vasif?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Contenu évasif">[évasif]</a></sup> au nom de la rivière gauloise Albis (actuelle <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aube_(rivi%C3%A8re)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aube (rivière)">Aube</a>) signifier originellement « l'eau blanche »<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le nom provient probablement de l'adjectif indo-européen *<i>h₂elbʰ-o-</i> "blanc" et est lié avec le latin <i>albus</i> "blanc"<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Géographie"><span id="G.C3.A9ographie"></span>Géographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Géographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p><span class="need_ref" title="Ce passage nécessite une référence." style="cursor:help;">L’Elbe est le quatorzième fleuve d’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europe">Europe</a> et fait partie des 200 plus grands fleuves de la planète. Si on retient l’hypothèse que sa source est en fait celle de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vltava?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vltava">Vltava</a> (à la confluence, cet affluent a un débit plus important), sa longueur totale est portée à 1 252 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> (treizième place en Europe). La partie du cours située en Tchéquie a une longueur de 364 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> tandis que celle située en Allemagne qui court de la frontière tchèque jusqu’à la mer du Nord a une longueur de 727 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr>. Le bassin drainé par le fleuve a une surface d’environ 148 000 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre carré">km<sup>2</sup></abbr>. Le débit moyen de l'Elbe est de 710 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre cube par seconde">m<sup>3</sup>/s</abbr> ce qui en fait le quatrième fleuve d’Allemagne après le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rhin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rhin">Rhin</a>, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danube?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Danube">Danube</a> et l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inn_(rivi%C3%A8re)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inn (rivière)">Inn</a>. L’Elbe traverse d’abord le Nord de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boh%C3%AAme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bohême">Bohême</a> tchèque en décrivant un grand arc, puis traverse l’Allemagne en passant en particulier par les villes de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dresde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dresde">Dresde</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magdebourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Magdebourg">Magdebourg</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hambourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hambourg">Hambourg</a> avant de se jeter dans la mer du Nord à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cuxhaven?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cuxhaven">Cuxhaven</a>. Pendant la séparation des deux Allemagnes jusqu’en 1990, l’Elbe servait de frontière sur une partie de son cours. Il était à l’époque fortement pollué en particulier par les métaux lourds mais la qualité de l’eau s’est fortement améliorée durant les années 2000.</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire">[réf. nécessaire]</a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Le_cours_de_l’Elbe"><span id="Le_cours_de_l.E2.80.99Elbe"></span>Le cours de l’Elbe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Le cours de l’Elbe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Lauf_der_Elbe.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Lauf_der_Elbe.png/220px-Lauf_der_Elbe.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1341"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 197px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Lauf_der_Elbe.png/220px-Lauf_der_Elbe.png" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="197" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Lauf_der_Elbe.png/330px-Lauf_der_Elbe.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Lauf_der_Elbe.png/440px-Lauf_der_Elbe.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Le cours de l'Elbe. </figcaption> </figure> <p><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire"><span title="Ce passage nécessite une référence (demandé le juilletb2023) ; voir l'aide.">[réf. nécessaire]</span></a></sup> Le cours de l'Elbe est situé sur le territoire de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_europ%C3%A9enne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union européenne">Union européenne</a>. Elle possède un vaste bassin fluvial et est au centre d'un ensemble de canaux constituant un réseau de communications entre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rhin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rhin">Rhin</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mer_Baltique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mer Baltique">Baltique</a>.</p> <p>Le fleuve irrigue la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tch%C3%A9quie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tchéquie">Tchéquie</a>, où il prend sa source dans les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monts_des_G%C3%A9ants?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monts des Géants">monts des Géants</a>, et l'Allemagne, où il se jette dans la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mer_du_Nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mer du Nord">mer du Nord</a> après avoir traversé les <i>Länder</i> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saxe_(Land)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saxe (Land)">Saxe</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saxe-Anhalt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saxe-Anhalt">Saxe-Anhalt</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basse-Saxe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basse-Saxe">Basse-Saxe</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a>, ainsi que la ville-État de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hambourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hambourg">Hambourg</a>. Dans chacun de ces deux pays, l'Elbe constitue la deuxième voie fluviale navigable d'importance (respectivement après la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vltava?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vltava">Vltava</a> (en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tch%C3%A8que?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tchèque">tchèque</a> : <span class="lang-cs" lang="cs"><i>Vltava</i></span>) et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rhin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rhin">Rhin</a>). Son débit augmente de 324 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre cube par seconde">m<sup>3</sup>/s</abbr> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dresde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dresde">Dresde</a> jusqu'à 711 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre cube par seconde">m<sup>3</sup>/s</abbr> à <i>Neu-Darchau</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basse-Saxe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basse-Saxe">Basse-Saxe</a>).</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Labe_udoli.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Labe_udoli.jpg/220px-Labe_udoli.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Labe_udoli.jpg/220px-Labe_udoli.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Labe_udoli.jpg/330px-Labe_udoli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Labe_udoli.jpg/440px-Labe_udoli.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> L’Elbe en Bohême suisse entre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C4%9B%C4%8D%C3%ADn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Děčín">Děčín</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C5%99ensko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hřensko">Hřensko</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Le_cours_supérieur"><span id="Le_cours_sup.C3.A9rieur"></span>Le cours supérieur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Le cours supérieur" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Le cours supérieur va de la source du fleuve jusqu’au point où le fleuve perd son caractère montagnard après avoir achevé sa traversée des monts de Bohême.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Cours_supérieur_en_Tchéquie"><span id="Cours_sup.C3.A9rieur_en_Tch.C3.A9quie"></span>Cours supérieur en Tchéquie</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Cours supérieur en Tchéquie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>L’Elbe prend sa source sur le territoire de la commune de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0pindler%C5%AFv_Ml%C3%BDn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Špindlerův Mlýn">Špindlerův Mlýn</a>, dans les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monts_des_G%C3%A9ants?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monts des Géants">monts des Géants</a> (Krkonoše), en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tch%C3%A9quie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tchéquie">Tchéquie</a>. Elle s'en éloigne ensuite en prenant une direction sud à sud-est, à l’opposé de celle de qu’elle suivra par la suite. À compter de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pardubice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pardubice">Pardubice</a>, son cours, après un brusque coude, prend une direction ouest puis, peu après, une direction nord-ouest qu'elle maintient par la suite à de rares exceptions près. À <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C4%9Bln%C3%ADk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mělník">Mělník</a>, l'Elbe est rejointe sur sa gauche par la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vltava?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vltava">Vltava</a> qui avec ses 440 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> est son affluent le plus long (à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confluent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Confluent">confluence</a>, l’Elbe a parcouru beaucoup moins de distance depuis sa source que la Vltava). À partir de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Litom%C4%9B%C5%99ice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Litoměřice">Litoměřice</a>, l’Elbe suit une direction nord-est sur près de 50 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> puis quitte après <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C4%9B%C4%8D%C3%ADn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Děčín">Děčín</a> le territoire de la Tchéquie. Le cours de l’Elbe en territoire tchèque est équipé de nombreux ouvrages de retenues qui ont été édifiés, pour la plupart d'entre eux, à compter des années 1950. Les Tchèques divisent le cours de l’Elbe sur leur territoire en Elbe supérieure (<i>Horný Labe</i>) jusqu’à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kol%C3%ADn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kolín">Kolín</a>, Elbe moyenne (<i>Středný Labe</i>) et Elbe inférieure (<i>Dolný Labe</i>), du confluent avec la Vltava jusqu’à la frontière tchèque.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Cours_supérieur_en_Allemagne"><span id="Cours_sup.C3.A9rieur_en_Allemagne"></span>Cours supérieur en Allemagne</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Cours supérieur en Allemagne" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Le cours supérieur en Allemagne débute par un grand méandre et prend ensuite la direction du nord-ouest. Après avoir traversé <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dresde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dresde">Dresde</a>, la pente du fleuve décroit de plus en plus. Selon les critères géologiques et géomorphologiques le cours supérieur en Allemagne s’achève à Torgau, mais on peut considérer que le cours moyen commence à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Riesa">Riesa</a>. La Commission internationale de Protection de l’Elbe a découpé le cours du fleuve en 1992 ; selon ce découpage, le cours supérieur s’achève au niveau du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Hirschstein?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Château de Hirschstein">château de Hirschstein</a> entre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meissen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meissen">Meissen</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Riesa">Riesa</a>, 96 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> après le franchissement de la frontière germano-tchèque.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Cours_moyen">Cours moyen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Cours moyen" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:ViewOfMagdeburg.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/ViewOfMagdeburg.jpg/220px-ViewOfMagdeburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/ViewOfMagdeburg.jpg/220px-ViewOfMagdeburg.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/ViewOfMagdeburg.jpg/330px-ViewOfMagdeburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/ViewOfMagdeburg.jpg/440px-ViewOfMagdeburg.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Vue de la cathédrale, du couvent Notre-Dame et du bras ouest de l'Elbe (<i>Stromelbe</i>) à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magdebourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Magdebourg">Magdebourg</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Sur son cours moyen, l’Elbe se comporte comme un fleuve de plaine. Il continue à couler vers le nord-ouest jusqu’à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magdebourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Magdebourg">Magdebourg</a> où son cours fait un brusque coude et durant 80 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> suit une direction nord et parfois nord-est. Après la confluence avec la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Havel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Havel">Havel</a>, son affluent droit le plus long, l’Elbe reprend une direction nord-ouest. Peu avant Hambourg, au niveau du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barrage_de_Geesthacht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barrage de Geesthacht">barrage de retenue de Geesthacht</a>, l’Elbe atteint son cours inférieur.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Cours_inférieur"><span id="Cours_inf.C3.A9rieur"></span>Cours inférieur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Cours inférieur" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Helgolaender_Bucht_1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Helgolaender_Bucht_1.jpg/220px-Helgolaender_Bucht_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="655" data-file-height="513"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 172px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Helgolaender_Bucht_1.jpg/220px-Helgolaender_Bucht_1.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="172" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Helgolaender_Bucht_1.jpg/330px-Helgolaender_Bucht_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Helgolaender_Bucht_1.jpg/440px-Helgolaender_Bucht_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Cours inférieur et estuaire de l’Elbe ainsi qu’une partie du golfe allemand. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Le cours inférieur comprend, dans une acception large, la partie du cours du fleuve placée sous l’influence des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marée">marées</a>, qui démarre à compter de la retenue de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geesthacht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geesthacht">Geesthacht</a>, dans un sens plus restreint il se limite à l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estuaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estuaire">estuaire</a>, formation typique des fleuves soumis aux marées. À marée haute le niveau du fleuve est supérieur de 3,60 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr> à celui de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mer_du_Nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mer du Nord">mer du Nord</a>. Bien que le flot ramène les eaux en amont à chaque marée, l'eau du cours inférieur du fleuve n'est pratiquement pas salée. À Tidenstau, à la limite du cours moyen et du cours inférieur, le fleuve donne naissance à un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Delta_(hydrologie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Delta (hydrologie)">delta</a> dont il ne subsiste aujourd’hui que les bras de l’Elbe Nord et de l’Elbe Sud : en effet au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moyen_%C3%82ge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moyen Âge">Moyen Âge</a> les bras de l’Elbe Dove et de l’Elbe Gose ont été endigués pour former le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vierlande&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vierlande (page inexistante)">Vierlande</a> et les bras situés entre l’Elbe nord et sud ont été utilisés pour agrandir le port de Hambourg aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XIXe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XIXe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XXe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XXe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a> siècles. L’estuaire est d’une largeur comprise entre 1 et 2,5 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> sur au moins 15 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> entre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brunsb%C3%BCttel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brunsbüttel">Brunsbüttel</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cuxhaven?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cuxhaven">Cuxhaven</a>. Il subsiste encore quelques-unes des très nombreuses iles qui parsemaient autrefois cette portion de l’estuaire, les autres ayant été intégrées aux rives du fleuve lorsque celui-ci fut endigué.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Elbe_extérieur"><span id="Elbe_ext.C3.A9rieur"></span>Elbe extérieur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Elbe extérieur" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>L’Elbe extérieur désigne le prolongement de l’estuaire dans la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mer_des_Wadden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mer des Wadden">mer des Wadden</a>. Dans la zone de hauts-fonds de 20 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> de large, située entre l’Elbe extérieure et la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Weser?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Weser">Weser</a> extérieure, se situent les îles de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neuwerk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neuwerk">Neuwerk</a> et de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scharh%C3%B6rn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scharhörn">Scharhörn</a> qui font partie du territoire de la ville de Hambourg.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Koenigstein_Saxony_pic01_2007_04_22.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Koenigstein_Saxony_pic01_2007_04_22.jpg/150px-Koenigstein_Saxony_pic01_2007_04_22.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3504"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 225px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Koenigstein_Saxony_pic01_2007_04_22.jpg/150px-Koenigstein_Saxony_pic01_2007_04_22.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="150" data-height="225" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Koenigstein_Saxony_pic01_2007_04_22.jpg/225px-Koenigstein_Saxony_pic01_2007_04_22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Koenigstein_Saxony_pic01_2007_04_22.jpg/300px-Koenigstein_Saxony_pic01_2007_04_22.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> L'Elbe vue du Königstein (Saxe). </figcaption> </figure> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Hydrologie">Hydrologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Hydrologie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Le bassin de l'Elbe s'étend essentiellement sur l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemagne">Allemagne</a> pour 80 657 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre carré">km<sup>2</sup></abbr> et la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tch%C3%A9quie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tchéquie">Tchéquie</a> pour 51 394 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre carré">km<sup>2</sup></abbr>. L'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autriche?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autriche">Autriche</a> et la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pologne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pologne">Pologne</a> étant également concernées par des affluents, le bassin a été reconnu comme biosphère transfrontalière alors qu'une réserve naturelle a été constituée sur 400 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> de fleuve. Cette dernière couvre près de 3 700 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre carré">km<sup>2</sup></abbr>.</p> <div style="text-align: center; margin: 0 auto; overflow: hidden; zoom: 1"> <div style="font-size:85%;"> <b>Débit moyen mensuel (en m<sup>3</sup>/s)</b><br> Station hydrologique : Neu-Darcha <br> (données calculées sur 15 ans) </div> <div class="timeline-wrapper"> <map name="timeline_qjvri635jw379613swnzg878hv77vb5"></map><img usemap="#timeline_qjvri635jw379613swnzg878hv77vb5" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/fr/timeline/qjvri635jw379613swnzg878hv77vb5.png"> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Vitesse_du_courant">Vitesse du courant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Vitesse du courant" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>En moyennes eaux, l’eau de l’Elbe met 8 jours pour aller de la frontière germano-tchèque jusqu’à Geesthacht à Hambourg. Sur cette portion dépourvue de barrages et d’une longueur de 586 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr>, la vitesse moyenne du courant est de <span title="0,833 334 m/s" style="cursor:help">3</span> <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre par heure">km/h</abbr> ou 50 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre par minute">m/min</abbr>. Cette valeur peut varier de manière significative selon l’époque de l’année.</p> <p>L’estimation de la vitesse du courant sur le cours supérieur situé en Tchéquie n’est pas possible compte tenu du grand nombre de retenues.</p> <p>Sur le cours inférieur, les marées ont une influence prépondérante sur la vitesse du courant. La circulation de l’eau se fait à une vitesse nettement inférieure à celle du courant qui se modifie brusquement à chaque changement de marée. Ainsi l’eau met de 1 à 2,5 jours pour effectuer le trajet sur le cours moyen de l’Elbe entre Schnackenburg et Gessthacht (soit 110 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr>) alors qu’elle met de 4 à 70 jours pour aller de Geesthacht à la mer du Nord (110 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> également).</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Gel_de_l'Elbe"><span id="Gel_de_l.27Elbe"></span>Gel de l'Elbe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Gel de l'Elbe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La surface de l'Elbe ne gèle complètement qu'au cours des hivers les plus rudes. À Dresde, l'Elbe a gelé pour la dernière fois - au point de permettre sa traversée à pied - en 1963 (du <time class="nowrap" datetime="01-21" data-sort-value="01-21">21 janvier</time> au <time class="nowrap" datetime="1963-03-06" data-sort-value="1963-03-06">6 mars 1963</time>). Les épisodes précédents se situaient en 1954, 1947, 1929, 1902 et 1901. L'épaisseur de glace peut aller jusqu'à 80 <abbr class="abbr" title="centimètre">cm</abbr>. Entre 1775 et 1900, l'Elbe a été gelée sur toute sa surface 37 fois. À la hauteur de Lüchow-Dannenberg, on a pu traverser à pied le fleuve pour la dernière fois durant l'hiver 1995/1996. Sur son cours moyen, l'Elbe a tendance à geler plus tôt à cause de la faible vitesse du courant. Le gel du fleuve est rendu plus difficile sur les portions situées en aval des centrales nucléaires à cause des rejets des eaux de refroidissement.</p> <p>Il se forme par contre fréquemment des glaces flottantes qui sous l'action du courant et des chocs se fragmentent en glaçons aux formes arrondies. Lors des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9b%C3%A2cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Débâcle">débâcles</a> importantes, la circulation des navires (en particulier celles des bacs) doit être interrompue. Au niveau du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bief?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bief">bief</a> de Geesthacht, il est alors nécessaire de faire appel à un brise-glaces.</p> <p>Durant les crues hivernales de 1784, 1799 et 1845, les glaces en s'accumulant abimèrent les digues et formèrent même un barrage sur le fleuve entrainant l'accumulation des glaces au niveau des ponts. De telles situations se sont également produites plus récemment au Bunthäuser Spitze, lieu où les bras de l'Elbe Nord et l'Elbe Sud se séparent.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Les_affluents">Les affluents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Les affluents" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Elbe_tributaries_discharge_diagram.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Elbe_tributaries_discharge_diagram.svg/440px-Elbe_tributaries_discharge_diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="330" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 440px;height: 330px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Elbe_tributaries_discharge_diagram.svg/440px-Elbe_tributaries_discharge_diagram.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="440" data-height="330" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Elbe_tributaries_discharge_diagram.svg/660px-Elbe_tributaries_discharge_diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Elbe_tributaries_discharge_diagram.svg/880px-Elbe_tributaries_discharge_diagram.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Les affluents de l’Elbe. </figcaption> </figure> <p>L’affluent de l’Elbe le plus important est la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vltava?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vltava">Vltava</a> (en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemand">allemand</a> : <span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Moldau</i></span>) longue de 440 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr>, qui rejoint l’Elbe près de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C4%9Bln%C3%ADk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mělník">Mělník</a> un peu au nord de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prague?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prague">Prague</a>, à 279 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> de la source de l’Elbe. À la jonction des deux rivières, la Moldau a un débit de 150 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre cube par seconde">m<sup>3</sup>/s</abbr>, supérieur à celui de l’Elbe à cet endroit, si bien qu’on devrait dire que l’Elbe se jette dans la Moldau. Par le biais de la Vltava, le bassin de l’Elbe s’étend à de petites parties de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bavi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bavière">Bavière</a> et de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autriche?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autriche">Autriche</a>.</p> <p>Le deuxième grand affluent est la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saale">Saale</a> longue de 413 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> dont le débit est de 115 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre cube par seconde">m<sup>3</sup>/s</abbr> et qui rejoint l’Elbe à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barby_(Allemagne)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barby (Allemagne)">Barby</a>. Le bassin de cette rivière comprend l’ouest de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saxe_(Land)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saxe (Land)">Saxe</a>, la plus grande partie de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thuringe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thuringe">Thuringe</a> et l’est du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harz">Hartz</a> mais elle prend sa source dans le massif des Fichtel en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bavi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bavière">Bavière</a>.</p> <p>La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Havel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Havel">Havel</a> est avec ses 325 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> le plus long des affluents droits de l’Elbe. Son débit moyen à sa confluence avec l’Elbe près de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Havelberg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Havelberg">Havelberg</a> est de 105 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre cube par seconde">m<sup>3</sup>/s</abbr>. Si on prend en compte son affluent la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spree?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Spree">Spree</a>, elle est avec ses 560 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> le plus long affluent de l’Elbe.</p> <p>L'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oh%C5%99e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ohře">Ohře</a> (en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemand">allemand</a> : <span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Eger</i></span>) a une longueur de 291 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr>. Son cours suit le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Graben_de_l%27Eger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Graben de l'Eger">graben de l'Eger</a> et le sud des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monts_M%C3%A9tallif%C3%A8res_(Europe_centrale)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monts Métallifères (Europe centrale)">monts Métallifères</a>. La rivière prend sa source dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichtelgebirge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fichtelgebirge">Fichtelgebirge</a> — comme la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saale">Saale</a> et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Main_(rivi%C3%A8re)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Main (rivière)">Main</a> — et rejoint l’Elbe à proximité de la ville tchèque de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Litom%C4%9B%C5%99ice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Litoměřice">Litoměřice</a> (en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemand">allemand</a> : <span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Leitmeritz</i></span>).</p> <p>La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mulde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mulde">Mulde</a> (124 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> mais 290 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> avec la Mulde de Zwickau) commence à Colditz à la jonction de la Mulde de Freiberg (124 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr>) et la Mulde de Zwickau (166 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr>). Elle draine la majeure partie des eaux du massif du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harz">Hartz</a>.</p> <p>L'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elde">Elde</a> (220 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr>) rejoint l'Elbe à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%B6nitz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dönitz">Dönitz</a> dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mecklembourg-Pom%C3%A9ranie-Occidentale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mecklembourg-Poméranie-Occidentale">Mecklembourg</a>. Sur une grande partie de son cours elle a été canalisée pour permettre la circulation des navires entre l'Elbe et les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lac_de_Schwerin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lac de Schwerin">lacs de Schwerin</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lac_M%C3%BCritz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lac Müritz">de Müritz</a>.</p> <p>L'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elster_Noire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elster Noire">Elster Noire</a> (en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemand">allemand</a> : <span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Schwarze Elster</i></span>) est avec ses 188 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> le deuxième affluent droit par sa longueur. Elle prend sa source en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lusace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lusace">Haute Lusace</a> quelques kilomètres à l’ouest de la vallée de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spree?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Spree">Spree</a>. Elle traverse des régions sableuses et de marais et transporte peu de sédiments contrairement à l’Elster blanche (affluent de la Saale qui coule sur presque toute sa longueur dans des terrains argileux).</p> <p>L’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oste">Oste</a> (153 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr>) rejoint l’Elbe au niveau de son estuaire. Elle est reliée aux affluents de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Weser?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Weser">Weser</a> par un canal qui traverse les marais de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teufelsmoor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teufelsmoor">Teufelsmoor</a> mais cette liaison n’est plus utilisée aujourd’hui par les navires.</p> <p>La rivière <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plou%C4%8Dnice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ploučnice">Ploučnice</a> (en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemand">allemand</a> : <span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Polzen</i></span>), 102 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr>, récupère les eaux du flanc sud des massifs des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbsandsteingebirge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbsandsteingebirge">Elbsandsteingebirge</a> et des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monts_de_Lusace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monts de Lusace">monts de Lusace</a> et rejoint l’Elbe à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C4%9B%C4%8D%C3%ADn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Děčín">Děčín</a> (Tchéquie) quelques kilomètres au sud de la frontière germano-tchèque.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Histoire_et_culture">Histoire et culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Histoire et culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Elbfall.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Elbfall.jpg/220px-Elbfall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3412" data-file-height="2496"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 161px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Elbfall.jpg/220px-Elbfall.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="161" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Elbfall.jpg/330px-Elbfall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Elbfall.jpg/440px-Elbfall.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> La chute de l'Elbe dans le massif des Géants (1900). </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Strehla_(in_Sachsen)_by_J._Umbach.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Strehla_%28in_Sachsen%29_by_J._Umbach.jpg/220px-Strehla_%28in_Sachsen%29_by_J._Umbach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2598" data-file-height="1666"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 141px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Strehla_%28in_Sachsen%29_by_J._Umbach.jpg/220px-Strehla_%28in_Sachsen%29_by_J._Umbach.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="141" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Strehla_%28in_Sachsen%29_by_J._Umbach.jpg/330px-Strehla_%28in_Sachsen%29_by_J._Umbach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Strehla_%28in_Sachsen%29_by_J._Umbach.jpg/440px-Strehla_%28in_Sachsen%29_by_J._Umbach.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> L'Elbe à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Strehla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Strehla">Strehla</a>, en Allemagne, au <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle. </figcaption> </figure> <p>L'Elbe est cité pour la première fois à l'écrit par le géographe <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Strabon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Strabon">Strabon</a>. Les Romains atteignent ses rives en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="-9">-9</a>.</p> <p>Le vaste bassin de l'Elbe a d'abord constitué une voie importante de communication entre le nord et le sud de l'Europe. Les peuplades protohistoriques, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germains?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germains">Germains</a> puis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slaves?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slaves">Slaves</a>, l'ont parcourue au cours de leurs migrations à l'époque romaine puis durant le haut Moyen Âge.</p> <p>Le fleuve a également joué le rôle de frontière naturelle importante, tantôt ouverte tantôt fermée.</p> <p>Au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IXe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IXe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="9ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a>, l'Elbe marque la limite orientale de l'Empire des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francs">Francs</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charlemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>.</p> <p>À partir de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/930?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="930">930</a>, l'Elbe constitue la frontière ouverte entre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slaves?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slaves">Slaves</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saxons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saxons">Saxons</a> (source : <i>Histoire des Saxons</i>, du moine <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Widukind_de_Corvey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Widukind de Corvey">Widukind</a>, de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abbaye_de_Corvey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abbaye de Corvey">abbaye de Corvey</a>). Cette frontière sera le théâtre d'affrontements entre eux durant quasiment tout le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moyen_%C3%82ge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moyen Âge">Moyen Âge</a>.</p> <p>Glückstadt a été fondée par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christian_IV_de_Danemark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian IV de Danemark">Christian IV de Danemark</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1617?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1617">1617</a>, dans l'estuaire de l'Elbe, dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brandebourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brandebourg">Brandebourg</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kellenbenz_7-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kellenbenz-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et fortifiée en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1620?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1620">1620</a>. Elle est devenue immédiatement un important centre commercial, en compétition avec <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hambourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hambourg">Hambourg</a>, située également sur l'Elbe.</p> <p>Dès les années 1640, des bateaux isolés partaient de Gluckstadt, dans la partie de la région du port de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hambourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hambourg">Hambourg</a> sous domination danoise<sup id="cite_ref-Kellenbenz_7-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kellenbenz-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ces navires partaient pour la Guinée, grâce à des licences délivées par le roi de Danemark, avec des marchands hambourgeois comme actionnaires et coarmateurs, mais aussi des bailleurs de fonds d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amsterdam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>. Parmi eux, le dernier partir en décembre 1649.</p> <p>En <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1821?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1821">1821</a>, la liberté de navigation de la Bohême à la mer du Nord est codifiée par l'acte de l'Elbe.</p> <p>Possession allemande au début du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XXe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XXe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a>, l'Elbe devient internationale avec le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Versailles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traité de Versailles">traité de Versailles</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1919?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1919">1919</a>.</p> <p>En <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1936?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1936">1936</a>, l'accord de l'acte de l'Elbe est unilatéralement rompu par le régime nazi qui l'annexe.</p> <p>En <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1945?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1945">1945</a>, les troupes soviétiques et américaines qui ont envahi l'Allemagne nazie opèrent leur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jour_de_l%27Elbe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jour de l'Elbe">jonction</a> sur l'Elbe à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Torgau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Torgau">Torgau</a>.</p> <p>L'industrie tchèque et allemande mais aussi l'agriculture, par le biais des pesticides qui y étaient déversés, ont contribué durant le reste du <abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle à faire de l'Elbe un « fleuve mort sur le plan écologique » (dans la région de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dresde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dresde">Dresde</a>, en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1990?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1990">1990</a>).</p> <p>À la fin des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1990?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1990">années 1990</a>, une prise de conscience a amené la naissance d'un important programme d'action écologique, dressé jusqu'en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2010?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2010">2010</a>. Celui-ci a notamment permis la réintroduction du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saumon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saumon">saumon</a> dans le fleuve.</p> <p>L'Elbe a subi une crue exceptionnelle en <time class="nowrap" datetime="2002-08" data-sort-value="2002-08">août 2002</time>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Villes_régions_et_infrastructures"><span id="Villes_r.C3.A9gions_et_infrastructures"></span>Villes régions et infrastructures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Villes régions et infrastructures" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Villes">Villes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Villes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Les plus grandes villes sur l'Elbe en Tchéquie sont <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hradec_Kr%C3%A1lov%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hradec Králové">Hradec Králové</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pardubice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pardubice">Pardubice</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%9Ast%C3%AD_nad_Labem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ústí nad Labem">Ústí nad Labem</a> (qui ont toutes trois une population de près de cent mille habitants).</p> <p>Les principales villes allemandes de l'amont vers l'aval sont <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dresde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dresde">Dresde</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magdebourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Magdebourg">Magdebourg</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hambourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hambourg">Hambourg</a>.</p> <p>Les principales villes moyennes sur l'Elbe sont <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C4%9B%C4%8D%C3%ADn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Děčín">Děčín</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pirna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pirna">Pirna</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mei%C3%9Fen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Meißen">Meißen</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Riesa">Riesa</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Torgau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Torgau">Torgau</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wittemberg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wittemberg">Wittemberg</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dessau-Ro%C3%9Flau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dessau-Roßlau">Dessau-Roßlau</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wittenberge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wittenberge">Wittenberge</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wedel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wedel">Wedel</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cuxhaven?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cuxhaven">Cuxhaven</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stendal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stendal">Stendal</a>.</p> <p>Des zones d'habitat denses existent par ailleurs le long des rives du fleuve à la périphérie de Hambourg, Dresde et Magdebourg.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Elbstrand_Hamburg_Oevelgoenne.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Elbstrand_Hamburg_Oevelgoenne.jpg/220px-Elbstrand_Hamburg_Oevelgoenne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="337"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 138px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Elbstrand_Hamburg_Oevelgoenne.jpg/220px-Elbstrand_Hamburg_Oevelgoenne.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="138" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Elbstrand_Hamburg_Oevelgoenne.jpg/330px-Elbstrand_Hamburg_Oevelgoenne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Elbstrand_Hamburg_Oevelgoenne.jpg/440px-Elbstrand_Hamburg_Oevelgoenne.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Plage sur l'Elbe à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hambourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hambourg">Hambourg</a>-Övelgönne. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Si on compare l'Elbe avec les autres grands fleuves allemands comme le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rhin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rhin">Rhin</a> et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Main_(rivi%C3%A8re)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Main (rivière)">Main</a>, les rives de l'Elbe sont relativement peu peuplées. Ce n'est pas le cas par contre de certains de ses affluents comme l'Havel (qui traverse <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berlin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>), la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vltava?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vltava">Vltava</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prague?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prague">Prague</a>) ou la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saale">Saale</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Halle_(Saale)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Halle (Saale)">Halle</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leipzig?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>) qui sont bien plus densément peuplées. L'absence d'habitat urbain dense a permis de préserver sur d'importantes sections du cours moyen les paysages naturels.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Canaux">Canaux</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Canaux" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><i>Mittelland</i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Havel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Havel">Havel</a>-Elbe</i></li> <li><i>Elbe</i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canal_Elbe-L%C3%BCbeck?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canal Elbe-Lübeck">Elbe-Lübeck</a></i></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Franchissement_de_l’Elbe"><span id="Franchissement_de_l.E2.80.99Elbe"></span>Franchissement de l’Elbe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Franchissement de l’Elbe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Les_principaux_ponts_et_tunnels">Les principaux ponts et tunnels</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Les principaux ponts et tunnels" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Dresden.blauesWunder.Raddampfer.wmt.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Dresden.blauesWunder.Raddampfer.wmt.jpg/220px-Dresden.blauesWunder.Raddampfer.wmt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="858" data-file-height="643"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Dresden.blauesWunder.Raddampfer.wmt.jpg/220px-Dresden.blauesWunder.Raddampfer.wmt.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Dresden.blauesWunder.Raddampfer.wmt.jpg/330px-Dresden.blauesWunder.Raddampfer.wmt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Dresden.blauesWunder.Raddampfer.wmt.jpg/440px-Dresden.blauesWunder.Raddampfer.wmt.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Bateau à vapeur de Dresde sous le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blaues_Wunder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blaues Wunder">Blaues Wunder</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Le pont le plus célèbre sur la partie allemande de l'Elbe est le pont Loschwitzer, plus connu sous le nom de « Miracle bleu » ou « Merveille Bleue » (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blaues_Wunder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blaues Wunder">Blaues Wunder</a>). Le pont fut construit en 1893 et est considéré aujourd'hui comme un témoin des avancées techniques de l'époque. Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blaues_Wunder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blaues Wunder">Blaues Wunder</a> est le cinquième pont compté à partir de la frontière tchèque.</p> <p>Sur le cours inférieur, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pont_routier_de_D%C3%B6mitz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pont routier de Dömitz">pont routier de Dömitz</a> situé sur la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bundesstra%C3%9Fe_191?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bundesstraße 191">Bundesstraße 191</a> est remarquable. Ce pont long de 970 mètres ouvert à la circulation en 1936 relie la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basse-Saxe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basse-Saxe">Basse-Saxe</a> au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mecklembourg-Pom%C3%A9ranie-Occidentale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mecklembourg-Poméranie-Occidentale">Mecklembourg</a>. La construction, qui comporte une arche de 178 mètres, a été rénovée dans les années 1990 ; il s'agit du seul pont routier sur le tronçon de 115 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> entre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wittenberge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wittenberge">Wittenberge</a> et Lauenburg, les autres moyens de traversée sur ce tronçon étant uniquement constitués par des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bac_(bateau)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bac (bateau)">bacs</a> à passager et des bacs pour voitures.</p> <p>Deux kilomètres en amont existait autrefois un pont ferroviaire dit de Dömitz utilisé par l'ancienne ligne de chemin de fer Winttenberge-Buchholz. Ce pont a été détruit durant la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seconde_Guerre_mondiale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seconde Guerre mondiale">Seconde Guerre mondiale</a>.</p> <p>Pour la circulation routière et ferroviaire, les derniers ouvrages permettant la traversée de l'Elbe avant l'estuaire se situent à Hambourg : ce sont le pont sur l'Elbe de Hambourg ainsi que l'ancien et le nouveau tunnel sous l'Elbe. Le nouveau tunnel sous l'Elbe qui est utilisé par l'autoroute fédérale A7 est un des goulets d'étranglement du trafic routier en Allemagne du Nord.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Les_bacs_de_l'Elbe"><span id="Les_bacs_de_l.27Elbe"></span>Les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bac_(bateau)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bac (bateau)">bacs</a> de l'Elbe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Les bacs de l'Elbe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Hrensko-Schoena_ferry_across_Elbe.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Hrensko-Schoena_ferry_across_Elbe.jpg/220px-Hrensko-Schoena_ferry_across_Elbe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1877" data-file-height="1375"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 161px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Hrensko-Schoena_ferry_across_Elbe.jpg/220px-Hrensko-Schoena_ferry_across_Elbe.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="161" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Hrensko-Schoena_ferry_across_Elbe.jpg/330px-Hrensko-Schoena_ferry_across_Elbe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Hrensko-Schoena_ferry_across_Elbe.jpg/440px-Hrensko-Schoena_ferry_across_Elbe.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Le bac transfrontière de Schöna près de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C5%99ensko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hřensko">Hřensko</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p><b>Elbe supérieur</b></p> <p>Presque tous les bacs situés sur l'Elbe supérieur sont gérés par l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Union_des_transports_de_l'Elbe_sup%C3%A9rieure&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Union des transports de l'Elbe supérieure (page inexistante)">Union des transports de l'Elbe supérieure</a> (qui a son siège à Dresde). La densité des bacs est particulièrement élevée dans la Suisse saxonne où les bacs desservent le Parc National depuis les arrêts du S-Bahn de Dresde situés sur la rive gauche. À Dresde, il existe trois bacs : le bac du château près du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Pillnitz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Château de Pillnitz">château de Pillnitz</a> permet le transport des véhicules. Dès l'Elbe supérieur il existe de longues portions du fleuve qui sont dépourvues d'ouvrages de franchissement : ainsi entre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meissen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meissen">Meissen</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Riesa">Riesa</a>, le tronçon du fleuve long de 25 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> est dépourvu de pont et seuls existent deux bacs.</p> <p><b>Elbe moyen</b></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Gierf%C3%A4hre_Westerh%C3%BCsen_20070909.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Gierf%C3%A4hre_Westerh%C3%BCsen_20070909.JPG/220px-Gierf%C3%A4hre_Westerh%C3%BCsen_20070909.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1124"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 129px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Gierf%C3%A4hre_Westerh%C3%BCsen_20070909.JPG/220px-Gierf%C3%A4hre_Westerh%C3%BCsen_20070909.JPG" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="129" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Gierf%C3%A4hre_Westerh%C3%BCsen_20070909.JPG/330px-Gierf%C3%A4hre_Westerh%C3%BCsen_20070909.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Gierf%C3%A4hre_Westerh%C3%BCsen_20070909.JPG/440px-Gierf%C3%A4hre_Westerh%C3%BCsen_20070909.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Bac à câble près de Magdebourg-Westerhüsen. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La distance entre les ponts est plus réduite, mais reste relativement importante sur l'Elbe moyenne. Aussi les très nombreux bacs jouent un rôle important pour le trafic local (tous modes confondus). De nombreux bacs en particulier sur la partie supérieure de l'Elbe moyenne sont des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bac_%C3%A0_traille?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bac à traille">bacs à traille</a> qui sont propulsés d'une rive à l'autre grâce à la poussée du courant captée de manière ingénieuse. Bien que plus écologique, ce type de bac peut entrainer des temps d'attente plus longs que sur les bacs motorisés durant les périodes de hautes-eaux. Les bacs près de Sandau et Havelberg sont propulsés en fonction de la hauteur des eaux et de la période de l'année soit par ce système soit grâce à leurs moteurs.</p> <p><b>Elbe inférieur</b></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Zollenspieker_Faehre.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Zollenspieker_Faehre.png/220px-Zollenspieker_Faehre.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="66" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="987" data-file-height="297"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 66px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Zollenspieker_Faehre.png/220px-Zollenspieker_Faehre.png" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="66" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Zollenspieker_Faehre.png/330px-Zollenspieker_Faehre.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Zollenspieker_Faehre.png/440px-Zollenspieker_Faehre.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Bac sur l'Elbe à Zollenspieker. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Le bac pour automobile Zollenspieker–Hoopte qui assure la navette entre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vierlanden&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vierlanden (page inexistante)">Vierlanden</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vierlanden" class="extiw" title="de:Vierlanden"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en allemand : « Vierlanden »">(de)</span></a> à Hambourg et la Basse-Saxe près de Winzen (Luhe) siège de l'arrondissement de Harburg, est utilisé de manière prépondérante par les touristes et effectue la traversée de mars à novembre avec une fréquence de 10 minutes.</p> <p>Dans l'agglomération de Hambourg, les navires de la compagnie HADAG sont utilisés comme des bacs essentiellement pour relier les embarcadères de St Pauli avec Altona et le pont du Diable à Finkenwerder, ainsi qu'avec Blankenese et Cranz.</p> <p>Immédiatement en aval de l'agglomération de Hambourg circule toute l'année un bac à passagers entre Lühe (vieux pays) et Schulau (Wedel). Il existe également un bac catamaran rapide « le bac Elbe City Jet », particulièrement intéressant pour les banlieusards, qui assure la liaison entre Hambourg Blankenese, Lühe et Stadersand (ville).</p> <p>Le bac le plus important de l'Elbe inférieur est le bac pour automobiles entre Glückstadt et Wischhafen, qui, avec 4 bateaux, assure une navette cadencée à 20 minutes pour une durée de traversée de 25 minutes. Il est particulièrement intéressant pour les vélos à qui sont épargnés les très longs temps d'attente très fréquents pour les véhicules.</p> <p>Le bac entre Cuxhaven et Brunsbüttel est toujours en fonction. De nos jours, il ne circule que deux fois par semaine durant les six mois les plus chauds.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Espaces_naturels,_faune,_flore_et_protection_de_la_nature"><span id="Espaces_naturels.2C_faune.2C_flore_et_protection_de_la_nature"></span>Espaces naturels, faune, flore et protection de la nature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Espaces naturels, faune, flore et protection de la nature" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Fairytale_warning.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/26px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/34px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell"> Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:EditPage/Elbe (fleuve)">Votre aide</a> est la bienvenue ! <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">Comment faire ?</a> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Fairytale_warning.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/26px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/34px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell"> Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:EditPage/Elbe (fleuve)">Votre aide</a> est la bienvenue ! <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">Comment faire ?</a> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:30em;"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prononciation_de_l%27allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prononciation de l'allemand">Prononciation</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemand_standard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemand standard">allemand standard</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transcription_phon%C3%A9tique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transcription phonétique">retranscrite</a> selon la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alphabet phonétique international">norme API</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="KleinerKnöblMangold_(†)2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="Stefan_KleinerRalf_KnöblMax_Mangold_(†)2015"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : allemand">(de)</abbr> Stefan Kleiner, Ralf Knöbl et Max Mangold (†), <cite class="italique" lang="de">Duden Aussprachewörterbuch</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 6, Dudenverlag, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Der Duden in zwölf Bänden », <time>2015</time>, 933 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-3-411-04067-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-3-411-04067-4"><span class="nowrap">978-3-411-04067-4</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 337<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Duden+Aussprachew%C3%B6rterbuch&rft.pub=Dudenverlag&rft.aulast=Kleiner&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft.au=Ralf+Kn%C3%B6bl&rft.au=Max+Mangold+%28%E2%80%A0%29&rft.date=2015&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=337&rft.tpages=933&rft.isbn=978-3-411-04067-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AElbe+%28fleuve%29"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="KrechStockHirschfeldAnders2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Eva-Maria_KrechEberhard_StockUrsula_HirschfeldLutz_Christian_Anders2009"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : allemand">(de)</abbr> Eva-Maria <span class="nom_auteur">Krech</span>, Eberhard <span class="nom_auteur">Stock</span>, Ursula <span class="nom_auteur">Hirschfeld</span> et Lutz Christian <span class="nom_auteur">Anders</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="de">Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch</cite>, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York, <time>2009</time>, 1076 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-3-11-018202-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-3-11-018202-6"><span class="nowrap">978-3-11-018202-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.de/books/edition/Deutsches_Aussprachew%25C3%25B6rterbuch/E-1tr_oVkW4C?hl%3Dde%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3DDeutsches%2BAussprachew%25C3%25B6rterbuch%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deutsches+Aussprachew%C3%B6rterbuch&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter%2C+Berlin%2C+New+York&rft.aulast=Krech&rft.aufirst=Eva-Maria&rft.au=Stock%2C+Eberhard&rft.au=Hirschfeld%2C+Ursula&rft.au=Anders%2C+Lutz+Christian&rft.date=2009&rft.tpages=1076&rft.isbn=978-3-11-018202-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AElbe+%28fleuve%29"></span></span></span>. <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 474</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Vladimir Orel (2003). <i>A Handbook of Germanic Etymology</i>. Brill, Leiden. S. 13.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : allemand">(de)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Julius_Pokorny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Julius Pokorny">Julius Pokorny</a>: <i>Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch</i> sous albho-</span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : allemand">(de)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hans_Krahe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hans Krahe">Hans Krahe</a>: <i>Unsere ältesten Flußnamen</i>, S. 52 f., 101<br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Laur&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Wolfgang Laur (page inexistante)">Wolfgang Laur</a>: <i>Gewässernamen in Schleswig-Holstein. Ein Überblick</i>, in: Beiträge zur Namenforschung, N.F., Bd. 16 (1981), S. 118</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kellenbenz-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kellenbenz_7-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbe_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kellenbenz_7-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">"La Place de l'Elbe inférieure dans le commerce triangulaire au milieu du XVIIe siècle", par Hermann Kellenbenz, dans la revue d'histoire <i>Outre-Mers</i> en 1975 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.persee.fr/doc/outre_0300-9513_1975_num_62_226_1825">[1]</a> </span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_de_fleuves_dans_le_monde_class%C3%A9s_par_continents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste de fleuves dans le monde classés par continents">Liste de fleuves dans le monde classés par continents</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nouveau_tunnel_sous_l%27Elbe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nouveau tunnel sous l'Elbe">Tunnel sous l'Elbe</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Big_Jump?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Big Jump">Big Jump</a>, un évènement de protection de l'environnement qui s'est déroulé, la première fois, dans l'Elbe</li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hungerstein?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungerstein">Hungerstein</a></i>, repères de sécheresse gravés dans certaines roches du cours de l'Elbe</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=edit&section=28&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style> <div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Elbe?uselang%3Dfr">l'Elbe</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> </ul> </div> <ul> <li><span class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative à la géographie<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1644?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></span> : <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://imperium.ahlfeldt.se/places/12544"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire</span></a></li> </ul></span></li> <li> <div class="liste-horizontale"> <span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1644?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></span> : <ul> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://viaf.org/viaf/159625569">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85041529">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://d-nb.info/gnd/4014170-6">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action%3Ddisplay%26authority_id%3DXX4783947">Espagne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func%3Dfind-b%26local_base%3DNLX10%26find_code%3DUID%26request%3D987007537913705171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func%3Dfind-c%26local_base%3Daut%26ccl_term%3Dica%3Dge134309">Tchéquie</a></span></li> </ul> </div></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ppl.nl/bibliographies/all/?bibliography%3Dwater">L'eau et le droit international : bibliographie sélective</a> Voir <b>Elbe (fleuve)</b>. Bibliothèque du Palais de la Paix</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.amb-allemagne.fr/pdf/Bienvenu/Elbe.pdf">Document du CIDAL : Centre d‘information et de Documentation de l‘ambassade d'Allemagne</a></li> </ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Lacs_et_cours_d%27eau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail des lacs et cours d'eau"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Icon_river_delta.svg/22px-Icon_river_delta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="200"> </noscript><span 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href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de l’Allemagne"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/37px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 37px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/37px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="37" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/55px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/74px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Allemagne">Portail de l’Allemagne</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Tch%C3%A9quie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de la Tchéquie"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 33px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="33" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/66px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Tch%C3%A9quie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Tchéquie">Portail de la Tchéquie</a></span> </span></li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DElbe_(fleuve)%26oldid%3D212668507">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&oldid=212668507</a> ». </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbe_(fleuve)&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Kizivienne" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1708522471"> <span>Dernière modification le 21 février 2024, à 14:34</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Langues</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Elbe" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Elbe" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258A%25A4%25E1%2588%258D%25E1%2589%25A0_%25E1%258B%2588%25E1%258A%2595%25E1%258B%259D" title="ኤልበ ወንዝ – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኤልበ ወንዝ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25ADo_Elba" title="Río Elba – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Río Elba" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2586lf_%25C4%2593a" title="Ælf ēa – ancien anglais" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ælf ēa" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="ancien anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A5%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%25D9%2587" title="إلبه – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إلبه" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25D9%2587%25D8%25B1_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%25D9%2587" title="نهر البه – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نهر البه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25ADu_Elba" title="Ríu Elba – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ríu Elba" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elba_%25C3%25A7ay%25C4%25B1" title="Elba çayı – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Elba çayı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%25D9%2587_%25DA%2586%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25DB%258C" title="البه چایی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="البه چایی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Эльба – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Эльба" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Эльба – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эльба" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Лаба – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лаба" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Елба – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Елба" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%258F%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AC" title="एल्ब – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="एल्ब" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A7%2587_%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A6%25A6%25E0%25A7%2580" title="লাবে নদী – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লাবে নদী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Elbe" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laba" title="Laba – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Laba" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elba_(riu)" title="Elba (riu) – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Elba (riu)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labe_(suba_sa_Nasod_nga_Czech)" title="Labe (suba sa Nasod nga Czech) – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Labe (suba sa Nasod nga Czech)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A6%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%25DB%2595" title="ئیلبە – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیلبە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labe" title="Labe – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Labe" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C5%2581aba" title="Łaba – kachoube" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Łaba" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kachoube" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0_(%25D1%258E%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2588%25D1%258B%25D0%25B2)" title="Эльба (юханшыв) – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Эльба (юханшыв)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afon_Elbe" title="Afon Elbe – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Afon Elbe" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elben" title="Elben – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elben" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elbe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C5%2581objo" title="Łobjo – bas-sorabe" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Łobjo" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="bas-sorabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2588%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B2%25CE%25B1%25CF%2582" title="Έλβας – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έλβας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Elbe" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbo_(rivero)" title="Elbo (rivero) – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elbo (rivero)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25ADo_Elba" title="Río Elba – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Río Elba" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elbe" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elba_(ibaia)" title="Elba (ibaia) – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Elba (ibaia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25AF_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%25D9%2587" title="رود البه – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رود البه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Elbe" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ialew" title="Ialew – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ialew" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Elbe" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Eilbe" title="An Eilbe – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Eilbe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25ADo_Elba" title="Río Elba – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Río Elba" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2590%25D7%259C%25D7%2591%25D7%2594_(%25D7%25A0%25D7%2594%25D7%25A8)" title="אלבה (נהר) – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלבה (נהר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%258F%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A5%2587_%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%2580" title="एल्वे नदी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एल्वे नदी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe_Naddi" title="Elbe Naddi – hindi fidjien" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Elbe Naddi" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laba" title="Laba – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Laba" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C5%2581objo" title="Łobjo – haut-sorabe" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Łobjo" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="haut-sorabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elba_(foly%25C3%25B3)" title="Elba (folyó) – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Elba (folyó)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B7%25D5%25AC%25D5%25A2%25D5%25A1" title="Էլբա – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլբա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elba_(fluvio)" title="Elba (fluvio) – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Elba (fluvio)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Elbe" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Elbe" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Elbe" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxelfur" title="Saxelfur – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Saxelfur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elba_(fiume)" title="Elba (fiume) – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elba (fiume)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25A8%25E3%2583%25AB%25E3%2583%2599%25E5%25B7%259D" title="エルベ川 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エルベ川" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2590" title="ელბა – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელბა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Эльба – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эльба" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%2597%2598%25EB%25B2%25A0%25EA%25B0%2595" title="엘베강 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="엘베강" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Elbe" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Эльба – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эльба" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albis" title="Albis – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Albis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Elbe" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Elbe" title="Rio Elbe – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Rio Elbe" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe – limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Elbe" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Elbe" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elba" title="Elba – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Elba" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elb%25C4%2597" title="Elbė – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Elbė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elba" title="Elba – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Elba" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Elbe" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Елба – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Елба" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%258E%25E0%25B5%25BD%25E0%25B4%25AC%25E0%25B5%258D_%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B4%25A6%25E0%25B4%25BF" title="എൽബ് നദി – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എൽബ് നദി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%258F%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AC_%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%2580" title="एल्ब नदी – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एल्ब नदी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai_Elbe" title="Sungai Elbe – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sungai Elbe" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%25A1%25E1%2580%25B2%25E1%2580%25B7%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%2597%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25BC%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25BA" title="အဲ့လဗမြစ် – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အဲ့လဗမြစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%25D9%2587" title="البه – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="البه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elv" title="Elv – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Elv" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elve" title="Elve – bas-saxon néerlandais" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Elve" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="bas-saxon néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe_(rivier)" title="Elbe (rivier) – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elbe (rivier)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Elbe" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elben" title="Elben – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elben" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elba_(flume)" title="Elba (flume) – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Elba (flume)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C5%2581aba" title="Łaba – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Łaba" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elba_(fium)" title="Elba (fium) – piémontais" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Elba (fium)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piémontais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25DB%2592_%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8" title="دریائے ایلب – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دریائے ایلب" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Elba" title="Rio Elba – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rio Elba" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elba_mayu" title="Elba mayu – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Elba mayu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25A2ul_Elba" title="Râul Elba – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Râul Elba" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0_(%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0)" title="Эльба (река) – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эльба (река)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Лаба – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Лаба" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A" title="لابي – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لابي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laba" title="Laba – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Laba" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Elbe" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labe" title="Labe – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Labe" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laba" title="Laba – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Laba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumi_Elba" title="Lumi Elba – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lumi Elba" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Лаба – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лаба" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe – saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Elbe" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elbe" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Elbe" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C5%2581aba" title="Łaba – silésien" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Łaba" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%258E%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AE%25BE_%25E0%25AE%2586%25E0%25AE%25B1%25E0%25AF%2581" title="எல்பா ஆறு – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எல்பா ஆறு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B9%2581%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B9%2588%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B9%2589%25E0%25B8%25B3%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B9%2587%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%25AD" title="แม่น้ำเอ็ลเบอ – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แม่น้ำเอ็ลเบอ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilog_Elba" title="Ilog Elba – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ilog Elba" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe_Nehri" title="Elbe Nehri – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elbe Nehri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Эльба – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Эльба" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Ельба – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ельба" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8" title="ایلب – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایلب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elba" title="Elba – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Elba" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%2527b" title="El'b – vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="El'b" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Elbe" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe – flamand occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Elbe" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamand occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salog_Elbe" title="Salog Elbe – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Salog Elbe" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2598%2593%25E5%258C%2597%25E6%25B2%25B3" title="易北河 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="易北河" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2590_(%25E1%2583%25AC%25E1%2583%25A7%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%25A3)" title="ელბა (წყარმალუ) – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ელბა (წყარმალუ)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A2%25D7%259C%25D7%2591%25D7%25A2_(%25D7%2598%25D7%2599%25D7%2599%25D7%259A)" title="עלבע (טייך) – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עלבע (טייך)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2598%2593%25E5%258C%2597%25E6%25B2%25B3" title="易北河 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="易北河" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2598%2593%25E5%258C%2597%25E6%25B2%25B3" title="易北河 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="易北河" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" 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