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Mechanical force (SMF)</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: shear Mechanical force (SMF)"> <meta name="keywords" content="shear Mechanical force (SMF)"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="shear Mechanical force (SMF)"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 6641</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: shear Mechanical force (SMF)</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6641</span> Study on Connecting Method of Box Pontoons</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Jun%20You">Young-Jun You</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youn-Ju%20Jeong"> Youn-Ju Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min-Su%20Park"> Min-Su Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Du-Ho%20Lee"> Du-Ho Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to a lot of limited conditions, a large box type floating structure is inevitably constructed by connecting many pontoons. When a floating structure is made with concrete, concrete shear key with saw-teeth shape is often used to carry shear force. Match casting for the shear key and precise construction on a sea are very important for making separated two pontoons as one body but those are not easy work and may increase construction time and cost. To solve this problem, one-way shear key is studied in this paper for a connected part where there is some difference between upward and downward shear force. It has only one inclined plane and can resist shear force in one direction. Big shear force is resisted by concrete which forms an inclined plane and small shear force is resisted by steel bar. This system can reduce manufacturing cost of individual pontoon and construction time and cost for constructing a floating structure on a sea. In this paper, the feasibility study about one-way shear key system is performed by comparing with design example. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=connection" title="connection">connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floating%20container%20terminal" title=" floating container terminal"> floating container terminal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pontoon" title=" pontoon"> pontoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-stressing" title=" pre-stressing"> pre-stressing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20key" title=" shear key"> shear key</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6234/study-on-connecting-method-of-box-pontoons" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6234.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6640</span> Effects of Mechanical Test and Shape of Grain Boundary on Martensitic Transformation in Fe-Ni-C Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Gaci">Mounir Gaci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salim%20Meziani"> Salim Meziani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atmane%20Fouathia"> Atmane Fouathia </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the present paper is to model the behavior of metal alloy, type TRIP steel (Transformation Induced Plasticity), during solid/solid phase transition. A two-dimensional micromechanical model is implemented in finite element software (ZEBULON) to simulate the martensitic transformation in Fe-Ni-C steel grain under mechanical tensile stress of 250 MPa. The effects of non-uniform grain boundary and the criterion of mechanical shear load on the transformation and on the TRIP value during martensitic transformation are studied. The suggested mechanical criterion is favourable to the influence of the shear phenomenon on the progression of the martensitic transformation (Magee’s mechanism). The obtained results are in satisfactory agreement with experimental ones and show the influence of the grain boundary shape and the chosen mechanical criterion (SMF) on the transformation parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=martensitic%20transformation" title="martensitic transformation">martensitic transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-uniform%20Grain%20Boundary" title=" non-uniform Grain Boundary"> non-uniform Grain Boundary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TRIP" title=" TRIP"> TRIP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20Mechanical%20force%20%28SMF%29" title=" shear Mechanical force (SMF)"> shear Mechanical force (SMF)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42236/effects-of-mechanical-test-and-shape-of-grain-boundary-on-martensitic-transformation-in-fe-ni-c-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42236.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6639</span> Seismic Base Shear Force Depending on Building Fundamental Period and Site Conditions: Deterministic Formulation and Probabilistic Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Dorbani">S. Dorbani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Badaoui"> M. Badaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Benouar"> D. Benouar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of the building fundamental period of reinforced concrete buildings of (6, 9, and 12-storey), with different floor plans: Symmetric, mono-symmetric, and unsymmetric. These structures are erected at different epicentral distances. Using the Boumerdes, Algeria (2003) earthquake data, we focused primarily on the establishment of the deterministic formulation linking the base shear force to two parameters: The first one is the fundamental period that represents the numerical fingerprint of the structure, and the second one is the epicentral distance used to represent the impact of the earthquake on this force. In a second step, with a view to highlight the effect of uncertainty in these parameters on the analyzed response, these parameters are modeled as random variables with a log-normal distribution. The variability of the coefficients of variation of the chosen uncertain parameters, on the statistics on the seismic base shear force, showed that the effect of uncertainty on fundamental period on this force statistics is low compared to the epicentral distance uncertainty influence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=base%20shear%20force" title="base shear force">base shear force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20period" title=" fundamental period"> fundamental period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epicentral%20distance" title=" epicentral distance"> epicentral distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertainty" title=" uncertainty"> uncertainty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lognormal%20variables" title=" lognormal variables"> lognormal variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistics" title=" statistics"> statistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59431/seismic-base-shear-force-depending-on-building-fundamental-period-and-site-conditions-deterministic-formulation-and-probabilistic-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59431.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6638</span> Comparative Study on Different Type of Shear Connectors in Composite Slabs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Subrmanian">S. Subrmanian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Siva"> A. Siva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Raghul"> R. Raghul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In modern construction industry, usage of cold form composite slab has its scope widely due to its light weight, high structural properties and economic factor. To enhance the structural integrity, mechanical interlocking or frictional interlocking was introduced. The role of mechanical interlocking or frictional interlocking is to increase the longitudinal shear between the profiled sheet and concrete. This paper deals with the experimental evaluation of three types of mechanical interlocking devices namely normal stud shear connector, J-Type shear connector, U-Type shear connector. An attempt was made to evolve the shear connector which can be suitable for the composite slab as an interlocking device. Totally six number of composite slabs have been experimented with three types of shear connectors and comparison study is made. The outcome was compared with numerical model was created by ABAQUS software and analyzed for comparative purpose. The result was U-Type shear connector provided better performance and resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20slabs" title="composite slabs">composite slabs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20connector" title=" shear connector"> shear connector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=end%20slip" title=" end slip"> end slip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=longitudinal%20shear" title=" longitudinal shear"> longitudinal shear</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36220/comparative-study-on-different-type-of-shear-connectors-in-composite-slabs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36220.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6637</span> An Efficient Approach for Shear Behavior Definition of Plant Stalk </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Kamandar">M. R. Kamandar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Massah"> J. Massah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The information of the impact cutting behavior of plants stalk plays an important role in the design and fabrication of plants cutting equipment. It is difficult to investigate a theoretical method for defining cutting properties of plants stalks because the cutting process is complex. Thus, it is necessary to set up an experimental approach to determine cutting parameters for a single stalk. To measure the shear force, shear energy and shear strength of plant stalk, a special impact cutting tester was fabricated. It was similar to an Izod impact cutting tester for metals but a cutting blade and data acquisition system were attached to the end of pendulum's arm. The apparatus was included four strain gages and a digital indicator to show the real-time cutting force of plant stalk. To measure the shear force and also testing the apparatus, two plants’ stalks, like buxus and privet, were selected. The samples (buxus and privet stalks) were cut under impact cutting process at four loading rates 1, 2, 3 and 4 m.s<sup>-1</sup> and three internodes fifth, tenth and fifteenth by the apparatus. At buxus cutting analysis: the minimum value of cutting energy was obtained at fifth internode and loading rate 4 m.s<sup>-1</sup> and the maximum value of shear energy was obtained at fifteenth internode and loading rate 1 m.s<sup>-1</sup>. At privet cutting analysis: the minimum value of shear consumption energy was obtained at fifth internode and loading rate: 4 m.s<sup>-1</sup> and the maximum value of shear energy was obtained at fifteenth internode and loading rate: 1 m.s<sup>-1</sup>. The statistical analysis at both plants showed that the increase of impact cutting speed would decrease the shear consumption energy and shear strength. In two scenarios, the results showed that with increase the cutting speed, shear force would decrease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buxus" title="Buxus">Buxus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Privet" title=" Privet"> Privet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20cutting" title=" impact cutting"> impact cutting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20energy" title=" shear energy"> shear energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109634/an-efficient-approach-for-shear-behavior-definition-of-plant-stalk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109634.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6636</span> Sound Exposure Effects towards Ross Broilers Growth Rate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rashidah%20Ghazali">Rashidah Ghazali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herlina%20Abdul%20Rahim"> Herlina Abdul Rahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mashitah%20Shikh%20Maidin"> Mashitah Shikh Maidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shafishuhaza%20Sahlan"> Shafishuhaza Sahlan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noramli%20Abdul%20Razak"> Noramli Abdul Razak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sound exposure effects have been investigated by broadcasting a group of broilers with sound of Quran verses (Group B) whereas the other group is the control broilers (Group C). The growth rate comparisons in terms of weight and raw meat texture measured by shear force have been investigated. Twenty-seven broilers were randomly selected from each group on Day 24 and weight measurement was carried out every week till the harvest day (Day 39). Group B showed a higher mean weight on Day 24 (1.441±0.013 kg) than Group C. Significant difference in the weight on Day 39 existed for Group B compared to Group C (p< 0.05). However, there was no significant (p> 0.05) difference of shear force in the same muscles (breast and drumstick raw meat) of both groups but the shear force of the breast meat for Group B and C broilers was lower (p < 0.05) than that of their drumstick meat. Thus, broadcasting the sound of Quran verses in the coop can be applied to improve the growth rate of broilers for producing better quality poultry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broilers" title="broilers">broilers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sound" title=" sound"> sound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20force" title=" shear force"> shear force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weight" title=" weight"> weight</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15100/sound-exposure-effects-towards-ross-broilers-growth-rate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15100.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6635</span> Design of Reinforced Concrete (RC) Walls Considering Shear Amplification by Nonlinear Dynamic Behavior</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunghyun%20Kim">Sunghyun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong-Gun%20Park"> Hong-Gun Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the performance-based design (PBD), by using the nonlinear dynamic analysis (NDA), the actual performance of the structure is evaluated. Unlike frame structures, in the wall structures, base shear force which is resulted from the NDA, is greatly amplified than that from the elastic analysis. This shear amplifying effect causes repeated designs which make designer difficult to apply the PBD. Therefore, in this paper, factors which affect shear amplification were studied. For the 20-story wall model, the NDA was performed. From the analysis results, the base shear amplification factor was proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20based%20design" title="performance based design">performance based design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20amplification%20factor" title=" shear amplification factor"> shear amplification factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20dynamic%20analysis" title=" nonlinear dynamic analysis"> nonlinear dynamic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RC%20shear%20wall" title=" RC shear wall"> RC shear wall</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60242/design-of-reinforced-concrete-rc-walls-considering-shear-amplification-by-nonlinear-dynamic-behavior" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60242.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6634</span> Diagonal Crack Width of RC Members with High Strength Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Y.%20Lee">J. Y. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20S.%20Lim"> H. S. Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20Yoon"> S. H. Yoon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an analysis of the diagonal crack widths of RC members with various types of materials by simulating a compatibility-aided truss model. The analytical results indicated that the diagonal crack width was influenced by not only the shear reinforcement ratio but also the yield strength of shear reinforcement and the compressive strength of concrete. The yield strength of shear reinforcement and the compressive strength of concrete decreased the diagonal shear crack width of RC members for the same shear force because of the change of shear failure modes. However, regarding the maximum shear crack width at shear failure, the shear crack width of the beam with high strength materials was greater than that of the beam with normal strength materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagonal%20crack%20width" title="diagonal crack width">diagonal crack width</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20strength%20stirrups" title=" high strength stirrups"> high strength stirrups</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20strength%20concrete" title=" high strength concrete"> high strength concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RC%20members" title=" RC members"> RC members</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20behavior" title=" shear behavior"> shear behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46565/diagonal-crack-width-of-rc-members-with-high-strength-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46565.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6633</span> Achieving Shear Wave Elastography by a Three-element Probe for Wearable Human-machine Interface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jipeng%20Yan">Jipeng Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xingchen%20Yang"> Xingchen Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaowei%20Zhou"> Xiaowei Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mengxing%20Tang"> Mengxing Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Honghai%20Liu"> Honghai Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shear elastic modulus of skeletal muscles can be obtained by shear wave elastography (SWE) and has been linearly related to muscle force. However, SWE is currently implemented using array probes. Price and volumes of these probes and their driving equipment prevent SWE from being used in wearable human-machine interfaces (HMI). Moreover, beamforming processing for array probes reduces the real-time performance. To achieve SWE by wearable HMIs, a customized three-element probe is adopted in this work, with one element for acoustic radiation force generation and the others for shear wave tracking. In-phase quadrature demodulation and 2D autocorrelation are adopted to estimate velocities of tissues on the sound beams of the latter two elements. Shear wave speeds are calculated by phase shift between the tissue velocities. Three agar phantoms with different elasticities were made by changing the weights of agar. Values of the shear elastic modulus of the phantoms were measured as 8.98, 23.06 and 36.74 kPa at a depth of 7.5 mm respectively. This work verifies the feasibility of measuring shear elastic modulus by wearable devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20elastic%20modulus" title="shear elastic modulus">shear elastic modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skeletal%20muscle" title=" skeletal muscle"> skeletal muscle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title=" ultrasound"> ultrasound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wearable%20human-machine%20interface" title=" wearable human-machine interface"> wearable human-machine interface</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127469/achieving-shear-wave-elastography-by-a-three-element-probe-for-wearable-human-machine-interface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6632</span> Numerical Evaluation of Shear Strength for Cold-Formed Steel Shear Wall Panel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rouaz%20Idriss">Rouaz Idriss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bourahla%20Nour-Eddine"> Bourahla Nour-Eddine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kahlouche%20Farah"> Kahlouche Farah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafa%20Sid%20Ali"> Rafa Sid Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The stability of structures made of light-gauge steel depends highly on the contribution of Shear Wall Panel (SWP) systems under horizontal forces due to wind or earthquake loads. Steel plate sheathing is often used with these panels made of cold formed steel (CFS) to improve its shear strength. In order to predict the shear strength resistance, two methods are presented in this paper. In the first method, the steel plate sheathing is modeled with plats strip taking into account only the tension and compression force due to the horizontal load, where both track and stud are modeled according to the geometrical and mechanical characteristics of the specimen used in the experiments. The theoretical background and empirical formulations of this method are presented in this paper. However, the second method is based on a micro modeling of the cold formed steel Shear Wall Panel “CFS-SWP” using Abaqus software. A nonlinear analysis was carried out with an in-plan monotonic load. Finally, the comparison between these two methods shows that the micro modeling with Abaqus gives better prediction of shear resistance of SWP than strips method. However, the latter is easier and less time consuming than the micro modeling method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20formed%20steel%20%27CFS%27" title="cold formed steel 'CFS'">cold formed steel 'CFS'</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20wall%20panel" title=" shear wall panel"> shear wall panel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strip%20method" title=" strip method"> strip method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20elements" title=" finite elements"> finite elements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46456/numerical-evaluation-of-shear-strength-for-cold-formed-steel-shear-wall-panel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46456.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6631</span> Study on the Impact of Size and Position of the Shear Field in Determining the Shear Modulus of Glulam Beam Using Photogrammetry Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niaz%20Gharavi">Niaz Gharavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hexin%20Zhang"> Hexin Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The shear modulus of a timber beam can be determined using torsion test or shear field test method. The shear field test method is based on shear distortion measurement of the beam at the zone with the constant transverse load in the standardized four-point bending test. The current code of practice advises using two metallic arms act as an instrument to measure the diagonal displacement of the constructing square. The size and the position of the constructing square might influence the shear modulus determination. This study aimed to investigate the size and the position effect of the square in the shear field test method. A binocular stereo vision system has been employed to determine the 3D displacement of a grid of target points. Six glue laminated beams were produced and tested. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed on the acquired data to evaluate the significance of the size effect and the position effect of the square. The results have shown that the size of the square has a noticeable influence on the value of shear modulus, while, the position of the square within the area with the constant shear force does not affect the measured mean shear modulus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20field%20test%20method" title="shear field test method">shear field test method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural-sized%20test" title=" structural-sized test"> structural-sized test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20modulus%20of%20Glulam%20beam" title=" shear modulus of Glulam beam"> shear modulus of Glulam beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photogrammetry%20approach" title=" photogrammetry approach"> photogrammetry approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90264/study-on-the-impact-of-size-and-position-of-the-shear-field-in-determining-the-shear-modulus-of-glulam-beam-using-photogrammetry-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6630</span> The Mechanical Behavior of a Chemically Stabilized Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I%20Lamri">I Lamri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L%20Arabet"> L Arabet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hidjeb"> M. Hidjeb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The direct shear test was used to determine the shear strength parameters C and Ø of a series of samples with different cement content. Samples stabilized with a certain percentage of cement showed a substantial gain in compressive strength and a significant increase in shear strength parameters. C and Ø. The laboratory equipment used in UCS tests consisted of a conventional 102mm diameter sample triaxial loading machine. Beyond 4% cement content a very important increase in shear strength was observed. It can be deduced from a comparative study of shear strength of soil samples with 4%, 7%, and 10% cement with sample containing 2 %, that the sample with a 4% cement content showed 90% increase in shear strength while those with 7% and 10% showed an increase of around 13 and 21 fold. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement" title="cement">cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compression%20strength" title=" compression strength"> compression strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20stress" title=" shear stress"> shear stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohesion" title=" cohesion"> cohesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=angle%20of%20internal%20friction" title=" angle of internal friction"> angle of internal friction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23790/the-mechanical-behavior-of-a-chemically-stabilized-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6629</span> Optimum Structural Wall Distribution in Reinforced Concrete Buildings Subjected to Earthquake Excitations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nesreddine%20Djafar%20Henni">Nesreddine Djafar Henni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akram%20Khelaifia"> Akram Khelaifia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salah%20Guettala"> Salah Guettala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Chebili"> Rachid Chebili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reinforced concrete shear walls and vertical plate-like elements play a pivotal role in efficiently managing a building's response to seismic forces. This study investigates how the performance of reinforced concrete buildings equipped with shear walls featuring different shear wall-to-frame stiffness ratios aligns with the requirements stipulated in the Algerian seismic code RPA99v2003, particularly in high-seismicity regions. Seven distinct 3D finite element models are developed and evaluated through nonlinear static analysis. Engineering Demand Parameters (EDPs) such as lateral displacement, inter-story drift ratio, shear force, and bending moment along the building height are analyzed. The findings reveal two predominant categories of induced responses: force-based and displacement-based EDPs. Furthermore, as the shear wall-to-frame ratio increases, there is a concurrent increase in force-based EDPs and a decrease in displacement-based ones. Examining the distribution of shear walls from both force and displacement perspectives, model G with the highest stiffness ratio, concentrating stiffness at the building's center, intensifies induced forces. This configuration necessitates additional reinforcements, leading to a conservative design approach. Conversely, model C, with the lowest stiffness ratio, distributes stiffness towards the periphery, resulting in minimized induced shear forces and bending moments, representing an optimal scenario with maximal performance and minimal strength requirements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20RC%20buildings" title="dual RC buildings">dual RC buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RC%20shear%20walls" title=" RC shear walls"> RC shear walls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20nonlinear%20pushover%20analysis" title=" static nonlinear pushover analysis"> static nonlinear pushover analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20performance" title=" seismic performance"> seismic performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182473/optimum-structural-wall-distribution-in-reinforced-concrete-buildings-subjected-to-earthquake-excitations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182473.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">56</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6628</span> Estimation of Damping Force of Double Ended Shear Mode Magnetorheological Damper Using Computational Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurubasavaraju%20T.%20M.">Gurubasavaraju T. M.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The magnetorheological (MR) damper could provide variable damping force with respect to the different input magnetic field. The damping force could be estimated through computational analysis using finite element and computational fluid dynamics analysis. The double-ended damper operates without changing the total volume of fluid. In this paper, damping force of double ended damper under different magnetic field is computed. Initially, the magneto-statics analysis carried out to evaluate the magnetic flux density across the fluid flow gap. The respective change in the rheology of the MR fluid is computed by using the experimentally fitted polynomial equation of shear stress versus magnetic field plot of MR fluid. The obtained values are substituted in the Herschel Buckley model to express the non-Newtonian behavior of MR fluid. Later, using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis damping characteristics in terms of force versus velocity and force versus displacement for the respective magnetic field is estimated. The purpose of the present approach is to characterize the preliminary designed MR damper before fabricating. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MR%20fluid" title="MR fluid">MR fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20ended%20MR%20damper" title=" double ended MR damper"> double ended MR damper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEA" title=" FEA "> FEA </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98450/estimation-of-damping-force-of-double-ended-shear-mode-magnetorheological-damper-using-computational-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6627</span> Experimental Characterization of the Shear Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beam Elements in Chips</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djamal%20Atlaoui">Djamal Atlaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youcef%20Bouafia"> Youcef Bouafia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work deals with the experimental study of the mechanical behavior, by shear tests (fracture shear), elements of concrete beams reinforced with fibers in chips. These fibers come from the machining waste of the steel parts. The shear tests are carried out on prismatic specimens of dimensions 10 x 20 x 120 cm<sup>3</sup>. The fibers are characterized by mechanical resistance and tearing. The optimal composition of the concrete was determined by the workability test. Two fiber contents are selected for this study (W = 0.6% and W = 0.8%) and a BT control concrete (W = 0%) of the same composition as the matrix is developed to serve as a reference with a sand-to-gravel ratio (S/G) of concrete matrix equal to 1. The comparison of the different results obtained shows that the chips fibers confer a significant ductility to the material after cracking of the concrete. Also, the fibers used limit diagonal cracks in shear and improve strength and rigidity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title="characterization">characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chips%20fibers" title=" chips fibers"> chips fibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cracking%20mode" title=" cracking mode"> cracking mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ductility" title=" ductility"> ductility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=undulation" title=" undulation"> undulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear" title=" shear"> shear</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115860/experimental-characterization-of-the-shear-behavior-of-fiber-reinforced-concrete-beam-elements-in-chips" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115860.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6626</span> A Comparison between Shear Bond Strength of VMK Master Porcelain with Three Base-Metal Alloys (Ni-Cr-T3, Verabond, Super Cast) and One Noble Alloy (X-33) in Metal-Ceramic Restorations </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Neshati">Ammar Neshati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Hamidi%20Shishavan"> Elham Hamidi Shishavan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Statement of Problem: The increase in the use of metal-ceramic restorations and a high prevalence of porcelain chipping entails introducing an alloy which is more compatible with porcelain and which causes a stronger bond between the two. This study is to compare shear bond strength of three base-metal alloys and one noble alloy with the common VMK Master Porcelain. Materials and Method: Three different groups of base-metal alloys (Ni-cr-T3, Super Cast, Verabond) and one group of noble alloy (x-33) were selected. The number of alloys in each group was 15. All the groups went through the casting process and change from wax pattern into metal disks. Then, VMK Master Porcelain was fired on each group. All the specimens were put in the UTM and a shear force was loaded until a fracture occurred. The fracture force was then recorded by the machine. The data was subjected to SPSS Version 16 and One-Way ANOVA was run to compare shear strength between the groups. Furthermore, the groups were compared two by two through running Tukey test. Results: The findings of this study revealed that shear bond strength of Ni-Cr-T3 alloy was higher than the three other alloys (94 Mpa or 330 N). Super Cast alloy had the second greatest shear bond strength (80. 87 Mpa or 283.87 N). Both Verabond (69.66 Mpa or 245 N) and x-33 alloys (66.53 Mpa or 234 N) took the third place. Conclusion: Ni-Cr-T3 with VMK Master Porcelain has the greatest shear bond strength. Therefore, the use of this low-cost alloy is recommended in metal-ceramic restorations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20bond" title="shear bond">shear bond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=base-metal%20alloy" title=" base-metal alloy"> base-metal alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noble%20alloy" title=" noble alloy"> noble alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porcelain" title=" porcelain"> porcelain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9916/a-comparison-between-shear-bond-strength-of-vmk-master-porcelain-with-three-base-metal-alloys-ni-cr-t3-verabond-super-cast-and-one-noble-alloy-x-33-in-metal-ceramic-restorations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">487</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6625</span> Ductility of Slab-Interior Column Connections Transferring Shear and Moment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20M.%20Ben-Sasi">Omar M. Ben-Sasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ductility of slab-column connections of flat slab structures is a desirable property that should be considered when designing such connections which are susceptible to punching failure around their columns. Tests to failure on six half-scale specimens were conducted for slab-interior column connections transferring shear force and unbalanced moment. The influences on connection ductility of four parameters; namely, the moment to shear force ratio, the ratio of column side length to slab effective depth, the aspect ratio of the column cross section, and the presence of four square openings located next to column corners were investigated. The study revealed marked effects of these parameters on connection ductility. Increasing the first and second parameters, were found to be in favor of increasing connection ductility, while the third and fourth parameters were found to have negative effects on the connection ductility. These findings should, hopefully, help in designing interior connections of flat slab structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ductility" title="ductility">ductility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flat%20slab" title=" flat slab"> flat slab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure" title=" failure"> failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20force" title=" shear force"> shear force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moment" title=" moment"> moment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unbalanced%20moment" title=" unbalanced moment"> unbalanced moment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=punching%20failure" title=" punching failure"> punching failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=connection" title=" connection"> connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interior-column%20connection" title=" interior-column connection"> interior-column connection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8917/ductility-of-slab-interior-column-connections-transferring-shear-and-moment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6624</span> A Study on Performance-Based Design Analysis for Vertical Extension of Apartment Units</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minsun%20Kim">Minsun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ki-Sun%20Choi"> Ki-Sun Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun-Jee%20Lee"> Hyun-Jee Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Chan%20You"> Young-Chan You</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is no reinforcement example for the renovation of the vertical and horizontal extension to existing building structures which is a shear wall type in apartment units in Korea. Among these existing structures, the structures which are shear wall type are rare overseas, while Korea has many shear wall apartment units. Recently, in Korea, a few researchers are trying to confirm the possibility of the vertical extension in existing building with shear walls. This study evaluates the possibility of the renovation by applying performance-based seismic design to existing buildings with shear walls in the analysis phase of the structure. In addition, force-based seismic design, used by general structural engineers in Korea, is carried out to compare the amount of reinforcement of walls, which is a main component of wall structure. As a result, we suggest that performance-based design obtains more economical advantages than force-based seismic design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20for%20extension" title="design for extension">design for extension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance-based%20design" title=" performance-based design"> performance-based design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remodeling" title=" remodeling"> remodeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20wall%20frame" title=" shear wall frame"> shear wall frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20analysis" title=" structural analysis"> structural analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79730/a-study-on-performance-based-design-analysis-for-vertical-extension-of-apartment-units" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6623</span> Experimental Verification of Different Types of Shear Connectors on Composite Slab</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Siva">A. Siva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Senthil"> R. Senthil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Banupriya"> R. Banupriya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Saravanakumar"> R. Saravanakumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cold-formed steel sheets are widely used as primary tension reinforcement in composite slabs. It also performs as formwork for concreting and better ceiling surface. The major type of failure occurring in composite slab is shear failure. When the composite slab is flexurally loaded, the longitudinal shear is generated and transferred to the steel sheet concrete interface. When the load increases, the interface slip occurs. The slip failure can be resisted by mechanical interface interlock by shear studs. In this paper, the slip failure has been resisted by shear connectors and geometry of the steel sheet alone. The geometry of the sheet is kept constant for all the specimens and the type of shear connectors has been varied. Totally, three types of shear connectors (viz., straight headed, U and J) are bolted to the trapezoidal profile sheet and the concrete is casted over it. After curing, the composite slab is subjected to flexure load and the test results are compared with the numerical results analysed by ABAQUS software. The test result shows that the U-shaped bolted stud has higher flexure strength than the other two types of shear connectors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20formed%20steel%20sheet" title="cold formed steel sheet">cold formed steel sheet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=headed%20studs" title=" headed studs"> headed studs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20interlock" title=" mechanical interlock"> mechanical interlock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20connectors" title=" shear connectors"> shear connectors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20failure" title=" shear failure"> shear failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slip%20failure" title=" slip failure "> slip failure </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24077/experimental-verification-of-different-types-of-shear-connectors-on-composite-slab" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24077.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">555</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6622</span> Mechanical Properties of a Soil Stabilized With a Portland Cement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Emad%20Ahmed">Ahmed Emad Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20El%20Abd"> Mostafa El Abd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Wakeb"> Ahmed Wakeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moahmmed%20Eissa"> Moahmmed Eissa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil modification and reinforcing aims to increase soil shear strength and stiffness. In this report, different amounts of cement were added to the soil to explore its effect on shear strength and penetration using 3 tests. The first test is proctor compaction test which was conducted to determine the optimal moisture content and maximum dry density. The second test was direct shear test which was conducted to measure shear strength of soil. The third experiment was California bearing ratio test which was done to measure the penetration in soil. Each test was done different amount of times using different amounts of cement. The results from every test show that cement improve soil shear strength properties and stiffness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20stabilized" title="soil stabilized">soil stabilized</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties%20of%20soil" title=" mechanical properties of soil"> mechanical properties of soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20stabilized%20with%20a%20portland%20cement" title=" soil stabilized with a portland cement"> soil stabilized with a portland cement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156917/mechanical-properties-of-a-soil-stabilized-with-a-portland-cement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6621</span> The Effect of Grading Characteristics on the Shear Strength and Mechanical Behavior of Granular Classes of Sand-Silt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youssouf%20Benmeriem">Youssouf Benmeriem </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shear strength of sandy soils has been considered as the important parameter to study the stability of different civil engineering structures when subjected to monotonic, cyclic and earthquake loading conditions. The proposed research investigated the effect of grading characteristics on the shear strength and mechanical behavior of granular classes of sands mixed with silt in loose and dense states (Dr = 15% and 90%). The laboratory investigation aimed at understanding the extent or degree at which shear strength of sand-silt mixture soil is affected by its gradation under static loading conditions. For the purpose of clarifying and evaluating the shear strength characteristics of sandy soils, a series of Casagrande shear box tests were carried out on different reconstituted samples of sand-silt mixtures with various gradations. The soil samples were tested under different normal stresses (100, 200 and 300 kPa). The results from this laboratory investigation were used to develop insight into the shear strength response of sand and sand-silt mixtures under monotonic loading conditions. The analysis of the obtained data revealed that the grading characteristics (D10, D50, Cu, ESR, and MGSR) have significant influence on the shear strength response. It was found that shear strength can be correlated to the grading characteristics for the sand-silt mixture. The effective size ratio (ESR) and mean grain size ratio (MGSR) appear as pertinent parameters to predict the shear strength response of the sand-silt mixtures for soil gradation under study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grading%20characteristics" title="grading characteristics">grading characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=granular%20classes%20of%20sands" title=" granular classes of sands"> granular classes of sands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20behavior" title=" mechanical behavior"> mechanical behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand-silt" title=" sand-silt"> sand-silt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20strength" title=" shear strength"> shear strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12681/the-effect-of-grading-characteristics-on-the-shear-strength-and-mechanical-behavior-of-granular-classes-of-sand-silt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12681.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6620</span> Development of a New Method for T-Joint Specimens Testing under Shear Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radek%20Doubrava">Radek Doubrava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roman%20Ruzek"> Roman Ruzek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nonstandard tests are necessary for analyses and verification of new developed structural and technological solutions with application of composite materials. One of the most critical primary structural parts of a typical aerospace structure is T-joint. This structural element is loaded mainly in shear, bending, peel and tension. The paper is focused on the shear loading simulations. The aim of the work is to obtain a representative uniform distribution of shear loads along T-joint during the mechanical testing is. A new design of T-joint test procedure, numerical simulation and optimization of representative boundary conditions are presented. The different conditions and inaccuracies both in simulations and experiments are discussed. The influence of different parameters on stress and strain distributions is demonstrated on T-joint made of CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic). A special test rig designed by VZLU (Aerospace Research and Test Establishment) for T-shear test procedure is presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T-joint" title="T-joint">T-joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear" title=" shear"> shear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title=" composite"> composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20testing" title=" mechanical testing"> mechanical testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methodology" title=" methodology"> methodology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17685/development-of-a-new-method-for-t-joint-specimens-testing-under-shear-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6619</span> An Atomic Finite Element Model for Mechanical Properties of Graphene Sheets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Win-Jin%20Chang">Win-Jin Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haw-Long%20Lee"> Haw-Long Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Ching%20Yang"> Yu-Ching Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we use the atomic-scale finite element method to investigate the mechanical behavior of the armchair- and zigzag-structured nanoporous graphene sheets with the clamped-free-free-free boundary condition under tension and shear loadings. The effect of porosity on Young’s modulus and shear modulus of nanoporous graphene sheets is obvious. For the armchair- and zigzag-structured nanoporous graphene sheets, Young’s modulus and shear modulus decreases with increasing porosity. Young’s modulus and shear modulus of zigzag graphene are larger than that of armchair one for the same porosity. The results are useful for application in the design of nanoporous graphene sheets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title="graphene">graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoporous" title=" nanoporous"> nanoporous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%27s%20modulus" title=" Young's modulus"> Young's modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20modulus" title=" shear modulus"> shear modulus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65038/an-atomic-finite-element-model-for-mechanical-properties-of-graphene-sheets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65038.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6618</span> Determination of Poisson’s Ratio and Elastic Modulus of Compression Textile Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chongyang%20Ye">Chongyang Ye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rong%20Liu"> Rong Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Compression textiles such as compression stockings (CSs) have been extensively applied for the prevention and treatment of chronic venous insufficiency of lower extremities. The involvement of multiple mechanical factors such as interface pressure, frictional force, and elastic materials make the interactions between lower limb and CSs to be complex. Determination of Poisson’s ratio and elastic moduli of CS materials are critical for constructing finite element (FE) modeling to numerically simulate a complex interactive system of CS and lower limb. In this study, a mixed approach, including an analytic model based on the orthotropic Hooke’s Law and experimental study (uniaxial tension testing and pure shear testing), has been proposed to determine Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and shear modulus of CS fabrics. The results indicated a linear relationship existing between the stress and strain properties of the studied CS samples under controlled stretch ratios (< 100%). The newly proposed method and the determined key mechanical properties of elastic orthotropic CS fabrics facilitate FE modeling for analyzing in-depth the effects of compression material design on their resultant biomechanical function in compression therapy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20compression%20stockings" title="elastic compression stockings">elastic compression stockings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%E2%80%99s%20modulus" title=" Young’s modulus"> Young’s modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poisson%E2%80%99s%20ratio" title=" Poisson’s ratio"> Poisson’s ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20modulus" title=" shear modulus"> shear modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20analysis" title=" mechanical analysis"> mechanical analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152509/determination-of-poissons-ratio-and-elastic-modulus-of-compression-textile-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152509.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6617</span> Determination of Anchor Lengths by Retaining Walls</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belabed%20Lazhar">Belabed Lazhar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The dimensioning of the anchored retaining screens passes always by the analysis of their stability. The calculation of anchoring lengths is practically carried out according to the mechanical model suggested by Kranz which is often criticized. The safety is evaluated through the comparison of interior force and external force. The force of anchoring over the length cut behind the failure solid is neglected. The failure surface cuts anchoring in the medium length of sealing. In this article, one proposes a new mechanical model which overcomes these disadvantages (simplifications) and gives interesting results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retaining%20walls" title="retaining walls">retaining walls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anchoring" title=" anchoring"> anchoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20modeling" title=" mechanical modeling"> mechanical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety" title=" safety"> safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23984/determination-of-anchor-lengths-by-retaining-walls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23984.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6616</span> Triplet Shear Tests on Retrofitted Brickwork Masonry Walls</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berna%20Istegun">Berna Istegun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erkan%20Celebi"> Erkan Celebi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this experimental study is to assess the shear strength and the crack behavior of the triplets built of perforated brickwork masonry elements. In order to observe the influence of shear resistance and energy dissipating before and after retrofitting applications by using the reinforcing system, static-cyclic shear tests were employed in the structural mechanics laboratory of Sakarya University. The reinforcing system is composed of hybrid multiaxial seismic fabric consisting of alkali resistant glass and polypropylene fibers. The plaster as bonding material used in the specimen’s retrofitting consists of expanded glass granular. In order to acquire exact measuring data about the failure behavior of the two mortar joints under shear stressing, vertical load-controlled cylinder having force capacity of 50 kN and loading rate of 1.5 mm/min. with an internal inductive displacement transducers is carried out perpendicular to the triplet specimens. In this study, a total of six triplet specimens with textile reinforcement were prepared for these shear bond tests. The three of them were produced as single-sided reinforced triplets with seismic fabric, while the others were strengthened on both sides. In addition, three triplet specimens without retrofitting and plaster were also tested as reference samples. The obtained test results were given in the manner of force-displacement relationships, ductility coefficients and shear strength parameters comparatively. It is concluded that two-side seismic textile applications on masonry elements with relevant plaster have considerably increased the sheer force resistance and the ductility capacity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expanded%20glass%20granular" title="expanded glass granular">expanded glass granular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perforated%20brickwork" title=" perforated brickwork"> perforated brickwork</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retrofitting" title=" retrofitting"> retrofitting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20fabric" title=" seismic fabric"> seismic fabric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triplet%20shear%20tests" title=" triplet shear tests"> triplet shear tests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75476/triplet-shear-tests-on-retrofitted-brickwork-masonry-walls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">205</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6615</span> A Study on Shear Field Test Method in Timber Shear Modulus Determination Using Stereo Vision System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niaz%20Gharavi">Niaz Gharavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hexin%20Zhang"> Hexin Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the structural timber design, the shear modulus of the timber beam is an important factor that needs to be determined accurately. According to BS EN 408, shear modulus can be determined using torsion test or shear field test method. Although torsion test creates pure shear status in the beam, it does not represent the real-life situation when the beam is in the service. On the other hand, shear field test method creates similar loading situation as in reality. The latter method is based on shear distortion measurement of the beam at the zone with the constant transverse load in the standardized four-point bending test as indicated in BS EN 408. Current testing practice code advised using two metallic arms act as an instrument to measure the diagonal displacement of the constructing square. Timber is not a homogenous material, but a heterogeneous and this characteristic makes timber to undergo a non-uniform deformation. Therefore, the dimensions and the location of the constructing square in the area with the constant transverse force might alter the shear modulus determination. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the shape, size, and location of the square in the shear field test method. A binocular stereo vision system was developed to capture the 3D displacement of a grid of target points. This approach is an accurate and non-contact method to extract the 3D coordination of targeted object using two cameras. Two group of three glue laminated beams were produced and tested by the mean of four-point bending test according to BS EN 408. Group one constructed using two materials, laminated bamboo lumber and structurally graded C24 timber and group two consisted only structurally graded C24 timber. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed on the acquired data to evaluate the significance of size and location of the square in the determination of shear modulus of the beam. The results have shown that the size of the square is an affecting factor in shear modulus determination. However, the location of the square in the area with the constant shear force does not affect the shear modulus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20field%20test%20method" title="shear field test method">shear field test method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BS%20EN%20408" title=" BS EN 408"> BS EN 408</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timber%20shear%20modulus" title=" timber shear modulus"> timber shear modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photogrammetry%20approach" title=" photogrammetry approach "> photogrammetry approach </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85208/a-study-on-shear-field-test-method-in-timber-shear-modulus-determination-using-stereo-vision-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85208.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6614</span> Influences of Plunge Speed on Axial Force and Temperature of Friction Stir Spot Welding in Thin Aluminum A1100</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suwarsono">Suwarsono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ario%20S.%20Baskoro"> Ario S. Baskoro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gandjar%20Kiswanto"> Gandjar Kiswanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Budiono"> Budiono</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a relatively new technique for joining metal. In some cases on aluminum joining, FSW gives better results compared with the arc welding processes, including the quality of welds and produces less distortion.FSW welding process for a light structure and thin materials requires small forces as possible, to avoid structure deflection. The joining process on FSW occurs because of melting temperature and compressive forces, the temperature generation of caused by material deformation and friction between the cutting tool and material. In this research, High speed rotation of spindle was expected to reduce the force required for deformation. The welding material was Aluminum A1100, with thickness of 0.4 mm. The tool was made of HSS material which was shaped by micro grinding process. Tool shoulder diameter is 4 mm, and the length of pin was 0.6 mm (with pin diameter= 1.5 mm). The parameters that varied were the plunge speed (2 mm/min, 3 mm/min, 4 mm/min). The tool speed is fixed at 33,000 rpm. Responses of FSSW parameters to analyze were Axial Force (Z-Force), Temperature and the Shear Strength of welds. Research found the optimum µFSSW parameters, it can be concluded that the most important parameters in the μFSSW process was plunge speed. lowest plunge speed (2 mm / min) causing the lowest axial force (110.40 Newton). The increases of plunge speed will increase the axial force (maximum Z-Farce= 236.03 Newton), and decrease the shear strength of welds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20stir%20spot%20welding" title="friction stir spot welding">friction stir spot welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20A1100" title=" aluminum A1100"> aluminum A1100</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plunge%20speed" title=" plunge speed"> plunge speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial%20force" title=" axial force"> axial force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20strength" title=" shear strength"> shear strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55161/influences-of-plunge-speed-on-axial-force-and-temperature-of-friction-stir-spot-welding-in-thin-aluminum-a1100" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55161.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6613</span> Seismic Evaluation with Shear Walls and Braces for Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20S.%20Malik">R. S. Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Madan"> S. K. Madan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20K.%20Sehgal"> V. K. Sehgal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reinforced concrete (RCC) buildings with dual system consisting of shear walls and moment resisting frames or braces and moment resisting frames have been widely used to resist lateral forces during earthquakes. The two dual systems are designed to resist the total design lateral force in proportion to their lateral stiffness. The response of the combination of braces and shear walls has not yet been studied therefore has practically no work to refer to. The combination may prove to be more effective in lateral load resistance by employing the peculiar advantages of shear walls and braces simultaneously and may also improve the architectural appearance of structures. This concept has been applied to regular RCC buildings provided with shear walls, braces, and their combinations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20analysis" title="dynamic analysis">dynamic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displacement" title=" displacement"> displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pushover%20analysis" title=" pushover analysis"> pushover analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20structures" title=" dual structures"> dual structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storey%20drift" title=" storey drift"> storey drift</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17790/seismic-evaluation-with-shear-walls-and-braces-for-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6612</span> A Mathematical Description of a Growing Cell Colony Based on the Mechanical Bidomain Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debabrata%20Auddya">Debabrata Auddya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bradley%20J.%20Roth"> Bradley J. Roth</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mechanical bidomain model is used to describe a colony of cells growing on a substrate. Analytical expressions are derived for the intracellular and extracellular displacements. Mechanotransduction events are driven by the difference between the displacements in the two spaces, corresponding to the force acting on integrins. The equation for the displacement consists of two terms: one proportional to the radius that is the same in the intracellular and extracellular spaces (the monodomain term) and one that is proportional to a modified Bessel function that is responsible for mechanotransduction (the bidomain term). The model predicts that mechanotransduction occurs within a few length constants of the colony’s edge, and an expression for the length constant contains the intracellular and extracellular shear moduli and the spring constant of the integrins coupling the two spaces. The model predictions are qualitatively consistent with experiments on human embryonic stem cell colonies, in which differentiation is localized near the edge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20colony" title="cell colony">cell colony</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrin" title=" integrin"> integrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20bidomain%20model" title=" mechanical bidomain model"> mechanical bidomain model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20cell" title=" stem cell"> stem cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress-strain" title=" stress-strain"> stress-strain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traction%20force" title=" traction force"> traction force</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57982/a-mathematical-description-of-a-growing-cell-colony-based-on-the-mechanical-bidomain-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20Mechanical%20force%20%28SMF%29&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20Mechanical%20force%20%28SMF%29&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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