CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Catherine Ashton - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"68377e5e-beda-4733-8894-d10f093200ec","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Catherine_Ashton","wgTitle":"Catherine Ashton","wgCurRevisionId":1256482361,"wgRevisionId":1256482361,"wgArticleId":523522,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 French-language sources (fr)","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from September 2017","Articles with permanently dead external links","Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y","CS1 Slovak-language sources (sk)","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected biographies of living people","Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages", "Use British English from January 2013","Use dmy dates from March 2020","Pages using small with an empty input parameter","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020","Commons category link is on Wikidata","People appearing on C-SPAN","Guardian topic template using Wikidata","1956 births","Alumni of Bedford College, London","British European commissioners","Chancellors of the University of Warwick","Ladies Companion of the Garter","Dames Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George","Female members of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom","First vice-presidents of the European Commission","Labour Party (UK) life peers","Leaders of the House of Lords","Life peeresses created by Elizabeth II","Life peers created by Elizabeth II","Living people","Lord Presidents of the Council","Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom","People from St Albans","People from Up Holland","Female foreign ministers", "Women European commissioners","21st-century British women politicians","British women diplomats","People educated at Upholland Grammar School"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Catherine_Ashton","wgRelevantArticleId":523522,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false, "wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q105667","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready", "ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Ashton_of_Upholland_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg/1200px-Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Ashton_of_Upholland_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Ashton_of_Upholland_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg/800px-Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Ashton_of_Upholland_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1067"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Ashton_of_Upholland_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg/640px-Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Ashton_of_Upholland_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="853"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Catherine Ashton - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Catherine_Ashton rootpage-Catherine_Ashton skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Catherine+Ashton" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Catherine+Ashton" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Catherine+Ashton" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Catherine+Ashton" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>European Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Foreign Affairs and Security Policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_events_of_her_term_as_High_Representative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_events_of_her_term_as_High_Representative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Notable events of her term as High Representative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_events_of_her_term_as_High_Representative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serbia-Kosovo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serbia-Kosovo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Serbia-Kosovo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serbia-Kosovo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Iran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.5</span> <span>Ukraine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.6</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.7</span> <span>Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assessments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assessments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Assessments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assessments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_phase_as_EU_High_Representative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_phase_as_EU_High_Representative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Early phase as EU High Representative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_phase_as_EU_High_Representative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_phase_as_EU_High_Representative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_phase_as_EU_High_Representative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Later phase as EU High Representative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_phase_as_EU_High_Representative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours_and_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours_and_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Honours and awards</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Honours_and_awards-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Honours and awards subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Honours_and_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Catherine Ashton</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="كاترين أشتون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كاترين أشتون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketrin_E%C5%9Fton" title="Ketrin Eşton – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ketrin Eşton" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82_%D0%AD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кэтрын Маргарэт Эштан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кэтрын Маргарэт Эштан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%90%D1%89%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Катрин Ащън – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Катрин Ащън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashtonov%C3%A1" title="Catherine Ashtonová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Catherine Ashtonová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD_%CE%86%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Κάθριν Άστον – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάθριν Άστον" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="کاترین اشتون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاترین اشتون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%90%EC%84%9C%EB%A6%B0_%EC%95%A0%EC%8A%88%ED%84%B4" title="캐서린 애슈턴 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캐서린 애슈턴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A5%D5%A9%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%B7%D5%B7%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Քեթրին Էշթոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քեթրին Էշթոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F" title="קתרין אשטון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קתרין אשטון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="კეტრინ ეშტონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კეტრინ ეშტონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="كاثرين اشتون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كاثرين اشتون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3" title="キャサリン・アシュトン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キャサリン・アシュトン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Эштон, Кэтрин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эштон, Кэтрин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashtonov%C3%A1" title="Catherine Ashtonová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Catherine Ashtonová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%86" title="کاترین ئەشتۆن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کاترین ئەشتۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%95%D1%88%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кетрин Ештон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кетрин Ештон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%AD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кэтрин Эштон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кэтрин Эштон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Catherine Ashton" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%95%D1%88%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кетрін Ештон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кетрін Ештон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%98%89%E8%93%AE" title="艾嘉蓮 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="艾嘉蓮" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q105667#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Catherine_Ashton" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Ashton"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Ashton&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Ashton&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Ashton"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Ashton&action=edit"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Ashton&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Catherine_Ashton" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Catherine_Ashton" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Ashton&oldid=1256482361" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Ashton&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Catherine_Ashton&id=1256482361&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCatherine_Ashton"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCatherine_Ashton"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Catherine_Ashton&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Ashton&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Catherine_Ashton" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q105667" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected to promote compliance with the policy on biographies of living persons"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British politician (born 1956)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">The Baroness Ashton of Upholland</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Lady_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady of the Order of the Garter">LG</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Dame_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George">GCMG</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Ashton_of_Upholland_crop_2,_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Ashton_of_Upholland_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg/220px-Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Ashton_of_Upholland_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Ashton_of_Upholland_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg/330px-Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Ashton_of_Upholland_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Ashton_of_Upholland_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg/440px-Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Ashton_of_Upholland_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 2024</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">Chancellor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />1 January 2017</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">Vice-Chancellor</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Croft_(political_scientist)" title="Stuart Croft (political scientist)">Stuart Croft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lambert" title="Richard Lambert">Sir Richard Lambert</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/First_Vice-President_of_the_European_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="First Vice-President of the European Commission">First Vice-President of the European Commission</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />10 February 2010 – 31 October 2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Barroso" title="José Manuel Barroso">José Manuel Barroso</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Margot_Wallstr%C3%B6m" title="Margot Wallström">Margot Wallström</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frans_Timmermans" title="Frans Timmermans">Frans Timmermans</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 December 2009 – 31 October 2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Javier_Solana" title="Javier Solana">Javier Solana</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Common Foreign and Security Policy)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federica_Mogherini" title="Federica Mogherini">Federica Mogherini</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Trade" title="European Commissioner for Trade">European Commissioner for Trade</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />3 October 2008 – 1 December 2009</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Barroso" title="José Manuel Barroso">José Manuel Barroso</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mandelson" title="Peter Mandelson">Peter Mandelson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Benita_Ferrero-Waldner" title="Benita Ferrero-Waldner">Benita Ferrero-Waldner</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Lords" title="Leader of the House of Lords">Leader of the House of Lords</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Council" title="Lord President of the Council">Lord President of the Council</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />28 June 2007 – 3 October 2008</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Amos,_Baroness_Amos" title="Valerie Amos, Baroness Amos">The Baroness Amos</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Royall,_Baroness_Royall_of_Blaisdon" title="Janet Royall, Baroness Royall of Blaisdon">The Baroness Royall of Blaisdon</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Under-Secretary_of_State_for_Justice" title="Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Justice">Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Justice</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />8 May 2007 – 27 June 2007</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Herself</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Hunt,_Baron_Hunt_of_Kings_Heath" title="Philip Hunt, Baron Hunt of Kings Heath">The Lord Hunt of Kings Heath</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Constitutional_Affairs" title="Department for Constitutional Affairs">Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Constitutional Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />9 September 2004 – 8 May 2007</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Filkin,_Baron_Filkin" title="Geoffrey Filkin, Baron Filkin">The Lord Filkin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Herself</i></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Education_and_Skills_(United_Kingdom)" title="Department for Education and Skills (United Kingdom)">Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Sure Start, Early Years, Childcare and School Standards</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />12 June 2001 – 9 September 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jacqui_Smith" title="Jacqui Smith">Jacqui Smith</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Filkin,_Baron_Filkin" title="Geoffrey Filkin, Baron Filkin">The Lord Filkin</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_House_of_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the House of Lords">Member of the House of Lords</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lord_Temporal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Temporal">Lord Temporal</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />20 October 1999<br /><a href="/wiki/Life_Peerage" class="mw-redirect" title="Life Peerage">Life Peerage</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Catherine Margaret Ashton</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1956-03-20</span>) </span>20 March 1956<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 68)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Upholland" class="mw-redirect" title="Upholland">Upholland</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Lancashire" title="West Lancashire">West Lancashire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Non-affiliated_members_of_the_House_of_Lords" title="Non-affiliated members of the House of Lords">Non-affiliated</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kellner" title="Peter Kellner">Peter Kellner</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1988)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bedford_College_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedford College (London)">Bedford College, London</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Catherine Margaret Ashton, Baroness Ashton of Upholland</b>, <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Lady_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady of the Order of the Garter">LG</a></span>, <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Dame_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George">GCMG</a></span>, <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a></span></span> (born 20 March 1956) is a <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">British Labour</a> politician who served as the <a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Commission" title="Vice-President of the European Commission">First Vice President of the European Commission</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Barroso_Commission" title="Barroso Commission">Barroso Commission</a> from 2009 to 2014. </p><p>Her political career began in 1999 when she was created a <a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">life peer</a> as <i>Baroness Ashton of Upholland, of <a href="/wiki/St_Albans" title="St Albans">St Albans</a> in the County of <a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>'s Labour government. She became the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Under-Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State">Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Education_and_Skills_(United_Kingdom)" title="Department for Education and Skills (United Kingdom)">Department for Education and Skills</a> in 2001 and subsequently in the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Justice">Ministry of Justice</a> in 2004. She was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Most_Honourable_Privy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council">Privy Counsellor</a> in May 2006 and Lady Companion of the <a href="/wiki/Most_Noble_Order_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Most Noble Order of the Garter">Most Noble Order of the Garter</a> in <a href="/wiki/2023_Special_Honours" title="2023 Special Honours">April 2023</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-garter23_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-garter23-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ashton became <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Lords" title="Leader of the House of Lords">Leader of the House of Lords</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Council" title="Lord President of the Council">Lord President of the Council</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a>'s first Cabinet in June 2007. She was instrumental in steering the EU's <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a> through the UK Parliament's upper chamber. In 2008, she was appointed as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Commissioners_by_nationality" class="mw-redirect" title="List of European Commissioners by nationality">British European Commissioner</a> and became the <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Trade" title="European Commissioner for Trade">Commissioner for Trade</a> in the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ft-2008-10-4_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft-2008-10-4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2009, she became the inaugural <a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy</a> that was created by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a>. As High Representative, Ashton served as the EU's foreign policy chief.<sup id="cite_ref-Ashton_appoint_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ashton_appoint-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite being criticised by some, particularly at the time of her appointment and in the early stages of her term of office, for her limited previous experience of international diplomacy, Ashton subsequently won praise for her work as a negotiator in difficult international situations, in particular for her role in bringing <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> to <a href="/wiki/Brussels_Agreement_(2013)" title="Brussels Agreement (2013)">an agreement in April 2013</a> that normalised their ties, and in the <a href="/wiki/P5%2B1" title="P5+1">P5+1</a> talks with <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> which led to the November 2013 <a href="/wiki/Joint_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Plan of Action">Geneva interim agreement on the Iranian nuclear programme</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-20131124_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-20131124-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2017, Ashton became Chancellor of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a>, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Sir_Richard_Lambert" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Richard Lambert">Sir Richard Lambert</a> and becoming Warwick's first female chancellor.<sup id="cite_ref-Baroness_Ashton_appointed_Warwick_Chancellor_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baroness_Ashton_appointed_Warwick_Chancellor-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> <p>Catherine Ashton was born at <a href="/wiki/Upholland" class="mw-redirect" title="Upholland">Upholland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a>, on 20 March 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lucky_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lucky-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She comes from a working-class family, with a background in coal mining.<sup id="cite_ref-lady-europe_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lady-europe-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PROFILE:_Catherine_Ashton_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PROFILE:_Catherine_Ashton-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ashton attended <a href="/wiki/Upholland_Grammar_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Upholland Grammar School">Upholland Grammar School</a> in Billinge <a href="/wiki/Higher_End" title="Higher End">Higher End</a>, Lancashire, then <a href="/wiki/Wigan_and_Leigh_College" title="Wigan and Leigh College">Wigan Mining and Technical College, Wigan</a>. She graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Sociology in 1977 from <a href="/wiki/Bedford_College_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedford College (London)">Bedford College, London</a> (now part of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Holloway" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Holloway">Royal Holloway</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a>). Ashton was the first person in her family to attend university.<sup id="cite_ref-lady-europe_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lady-europe-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PROFILE:_Catherine_Ashton_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PROFILE:_Catherine_Ashton-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rhul1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rhul1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3></div> <p>Between 1977 and 1983, Ashton worked for the <a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Nuclear_Disarmament" title="Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament">Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament</a> (CND) as an administrator and in 1982 was elected as its national treasurer and subsequently as one of its vice-chairs. From 1979 to 1981 she was business manager of the Coverdale Organisation, a management consultancy.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 1983 she worked for the <a href="/wiki/Central_Council_for_Education_and_Training_in_Social_Work" title="Central Council for Education and Training in Social Work">Central Council for Education and Training in Social Work</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CND_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CND-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1983 to 1989 she was director of <a href="/wiki/Business_in_the_Community" title="Business in the Community">Business in the Community</a>, working with business to tackle inequality, and she established the Employers' Forum on Disability, Opportunity Now, and the Windsor Fellowship.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For most of the 1990s, she was a freelance policy adviser.<sup id="cite_ref-rhul1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rhul1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_profile_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_profile-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She chaired the <a href="/wiki/List_of_NHS_Health_Authorities_(1996-2002)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of NHS Health Authorities (1996-2002)">Health Authority</a> in Hertfordshire from 1998 to 2001 and she became a vice-president of the <a href="/wiki/Gingerbread_(charity)" title="Gingerbread (charity)">National Council for One-Parent Families</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She was created a <a href="/wiki/New_Labour" title="New Labour">Labour</a> Life Peer as <i>Baroness Ashton of Upholland</i> in 1999, under Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>. In June 2001 she was appointed <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Under-Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State">Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Education_and_Skills_(United_Kingdom)" title="Department for Education and Skills (United Kingdom)">Department for Education and Skills</a>. In 2002 she became Minister responsible for <a href="/wiki/Sure_Start" title="Sure Start">Sure Start</a> in the same department, and in September 2004 she was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary in the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Constitutional_Affairs" title="Department for Constitutional Affairs">Department for Constitutional Affairs</a>, with responsibilities including the <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Archives (UK)">National Archives</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Public_Guardianship_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Guardianship Office">Public Guardianship Office</a>. Ashton was sworn of the <a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Most_Honourable_Privy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council">Privy Council</a> in 2006, and she became <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Under-Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State">Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State</a> at the new <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Justice</a> in May 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005 she was voted "Minister of the Year" by <i><a href="/wiki/The_House_(magazine)" title="The House (magazine)">The House</a></i> magazine and "Peer of the Year" by <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a>. In 2006 she won the "Politician of the Year" award at the annual <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Awards" title="Stonewall Awards">Stonewall Awards</a>, made to those who had a positive impact on the lives of British <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> people.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 28 June 2007, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a> appointed Ashton to HM Cabinet as <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Lords" title="Leader of the House of Lords">Leader of the House of Lords</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Council" title="Lord President of the Council">Lord President of the Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Government Leader in the House of Lords, she was responsible for steering the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisbon Treaty">Lisbon Treaty</a> through the Upper House.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Union">European Union</h3></div> <p>On 3 October 2008, Ashton was nominated by the UK to replace <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mandelson" title="Peter Mandelson">Peter Mandelson</a> as the European Commissioner for Trade.<sup id="cite_ref-ft-2008-10-4_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft-2008-10-4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because European Commissioners may not engage in any other occupation during their term of office, whether gainful or not,<sup id="cite_ref-TEC211219_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TEC211219-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she used the procedural device previously adopted in 1984 by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cockfield,_Baron_Cockfield" title="Arthur Cockfield, Baron Cockfield">Lord Cockfield</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hansardlord-cockfield_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hansardlord-cockfield-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and took a leave of absence from the House of Lords on 14 October 2008,<sup id="cite_ref-LHansard81014-0013_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LHansard81014-0013-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> retaining her peerage but not her seat.<sup id="cite_ref-EPAshtonDoha_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPAshtonDoha-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During her term, Ashton represented the EU in negotiations related to a <a href="/wiki/Beef_hormone_controversy" title="Beef hormone controversy">long-running dispute over beef</a> with the United States (May 2009),<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_News_report_on_agreement_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News_report_on_agreement-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> led the EU delegation in an agreement with South Korea that removed virtually all tariffs between the two economies (October 2009)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EU_Press_release_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EU_Press_release-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and represented the EU in ending a long-running dispute over banana imports, principally involving Latin America and the EU.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy">Foreign Affairs and Security Policy</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AshtonClinton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/AshtonClinton.jpg/220px-AshtonClinton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/AshtonClinton.jpg/330px-AshtonClinton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/AshtonClinton.jpg/440px-AshtonClinton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3328" data-file-height="2236" /></a><figcaption>Ashton with U.S. Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy#Ashton" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy § Ashton</a></div> <p>On 19 November 2009, Ashton was appointed the EU's first <a href="/wiki/High_Representative" class="mw-redirect" title="High Representative">High Representative</a> of the Union for <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Security_policy" title="Security policy">Security policy</a>. Her appointment was agreed at a summit by 27 European Union leaders in Brussels. Having initially pushed for former British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> to become President of the <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a> eventually relented on the condition that the post of <a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="High Commissioner">High Representative</a> be awarded to a Briton.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ashton's relative obscurity prior to her appointment prompted comment in the media. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> newspaper reported that her appointment as High Representative had received a "cautious welcome... from international relations experts".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i> described her as being a virtual unknown with paltry political experience, having no foreign-policy background and never having been elected to anything. The magazine credited her, however, with piloting the Lisbon Treaty through the House of Lords, handling the European Commission's Trade Portfolio without disagreement with her colleagues, and being suited to consensus-building.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Critics predicted she would be out of her depth. <a href="/wiki/Nile_Gardiner" title="Nile Gardiner">Nile Gardiner</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">The Heritage Foundation</a>, who opposed a European Union role in foreign and security policy on principle,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wrote in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i> "This may well be the most ridiculous appointment in EU history".<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph-20091120_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-20091120-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Hannan" title="Daniel Hannan">Daniel Hannan</a>, a British <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party (United Kingdom)">Conservative</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEP</a>, complained that she had "no background in trade issues at a time when the EU is engaged in critical negotiations with Canada, Korea and the WTO".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> quoted an anonymous Whitehall source as commenting "Cathy just got lucky...The appointment of her and <a href="/wiki/Herman_Van_Rompuy" title="Herman Van Rompuy">Herman Van Rompuy</a> <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> president was a complete disgrace. They are no more than <a href="/wiki/Garden_gnomes" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden gnomes">garden gnomes</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-lucky_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lucky-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By contrast, former Home Secretary <a href="/wiki/Charles_Clarke" title="Charles Clarke">Charles Clarke</a> said: "I have seen Cathy in action. I have great respect for her. She is excellent at building good relations with people and a good negotiator". <a href="/wiki/Shami_Chakrabarti" title="Shami Chakrabarti">Shami Chakrabarti</a>, the director of <a href="/wiki/Liberty_(pressure_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty (pressure group)">Liberty</a>, a human-rights <a href="/wiki/Pressure_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Pressure group">pressure group</a>, said: "people underestimate Cathy at their peril. She is not a great big bruiser. She is a persuader and a charmer. That is the secret of her success."<sup id="cite_ref-lucky_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lucky-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a confirmation hearing by the Trade Committee of the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>, Ashton was approved by the Parliament on 22 October 2008 by 538 to 40 votes, with 63 abstentions.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She took office on 1 December 2009 for a five-year-term. </p><p>She was appointed <a href="/wiki/Dame_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George">Dame Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George</a> (GCMG) in the <a href="/wiki/2015_New_Year_Honours" title="2015 New Year Honours">2015 New Year Honours</a> List for services to the European Common Foreign and Security Policy.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notable_events_of_her_term_as_High_Representative">Notable events of her term as High Representative</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014-02-18_Irankonferenz_(12610684674).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/2014-02-18_Irankonferenz_%2812610684674%29.jpg/220px-2014-02-18_Irankonferenz_%2812610684674%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/2014-02-18_Irankonferenz_%2812610684674%29.jpg/330px-2014-02-18_Irankonferenz_%2812610684674%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/2014-02-18_Irankonferenz_%2812610684674%29.jpg/440px-2014-02-18_Irankonferenz_%2812610684674%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2710" data-file-height="2126" /></a><figcaption>Ashton and Iranian foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Javad_Zarif" class="mw-redirect" title="Javad Zarif">Javad Zarif</a>, the first round of <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_agreement_on_Iranian_nuclear_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Comprehensive agreement on Iranian nuclear program">Comprehensive agreement on Iranian nuclear programme</a>, February 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>Notable events of her term included: </p> <ul><li>Establishing the <a href="/wiki/European_External_Action_Service" title="European External Action Service">European External Action Service</a> (1 December 2010), which merged the external relations departments of the European Commission and the Council of the European Union, and was to have diplomats seconded from national foreign services. Throughout the first half of 2010 Ashton sought agreement between the Council, the Parliament and the Commission over the shape of the EEAS. Parliament agreed to the plan on 8 July, when MEPs approved the service by 549 votes for and 78 against with 17 abstentions. The Council approved the transfer of departments to the EAS on 20 July. Until the EEAS became operational, Ashton had been supported by a staff of about 30 people.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Working with EU Special Representative Alexander Rondos to head <a href="/wiki/Operation_Atalanta" title="Operation Atalanta">Operation Atalanta</a>: an EU military action off the coast of Somalia, which curtailed piracy (May 2012).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Helping to reach a deal<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Report_on_Serbia/Kosovo_deal_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Report_on_Serbia/Kosovo_deal-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> between Serbia and Kosovo that normalised their ties (April 2013).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Successfully negotiating with the Egyptian Army a visit to the deposed president, <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a>, in their custody.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She reported that he was in good health and was well treated and aware of current affairs. (July 2013.)<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Chairmanship of the <a href="/wiki/P5%2B1" title="P5+1">P5+1</a> in their negotiations with <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Iran" title="Nuclear program of Iran">Iran on nuclear matters</a> in 2013, which led to the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_interim_agreement_on_Iranian_nuclear_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva interim agreement on Iranian nuclear program">Geneva interim agreement on the Iranian nuclear programme</a> (November 2013).<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-20131124_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-20131124-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Her visit to Kyiv during Ukraine's Euromaidan protests.<sup id="cite_ref-europa.eu_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-europa.eu-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Serbia-Kosovo">Serbia-Kosovo</h4></div> <p>In April 2013, after two years of negotiations, the governments of <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> reached agreement to normalise their relations. Although Serbia did not formally recognise Kosovo as an <a href="/wiki/Independent_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent state">independent state</a>, it did "in effect – concede that the government in Pristina has legal authority over the whole territory, including Serb-majority areas of northern Kosovo".<sup id="cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In return, Kosovo agreed to grant a degree of autonomy to four Serb-majority areas. The agreement, which among other things removed obstacles to Serbia and Kosovo joining the European Union, followed Ashton's mediation of ten rounds of talks between Serbia's Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/Ivica_Dacic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivica Dacic">Ivica Dacic</a>, and Kosovo Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Hashim_Thaci" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashim Thaci">Hashim Thaci</a>. A cross-party committee of the U.S. House of Representatives nominated Ashton and her fellow negotiators Dacic and Thaci for the Nobel Peace Prize.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar nomination came from the Group of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats in the European Parliament<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iran">Iran</h4></div> <p>After the November 2013 negotiation of an interim agreement with Iran over its nuclear programme, the <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i> wrote that Ashton was "no longer the diplomatic dilettante". A senior French diplomat was quoted as saying, "I tip my hat to her.... She truly played a decisive role". The report continued that, after initially insisting on negotiating only with other foreign ministers, by the latter stages of the negotiations the Iranian foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Javad_Zarif" title="Mohammad Javad Zarif">Mohammad Javad Zarif</a> "now... wanted to deal only with Lady Ashton". Said a western diplomat, "That the others agreed to this was significant. For China and Russia to be outside while she was in the room negotiating details was quite remarkable".<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ukraine">Ukraine</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Kerry_Shakes_Hands_With_EU_High_Representative_Ashton_Before_Meeting_in_Munich_(12252836383).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Secretary_Kerry_Shakes_Hands_With_EU_High_Representative_Ashton_Before_Meeting_in_Munich_%2812252836383%29.jpg/220px-Secretary_Kerry_Shakes_Hands_With_EU_High_Representative_Ashton_Before_Meeting_in_Munich_%2812252836383%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Secretary_Kerry_Shakes_Hands_With_EU_High_Representative_Ashton_Before_Meeting_in_Munich_%2812252836383%29.jpg/330px-Secretary_Kerry_Shakes_Hands_With_EU_High_Representative_Ashton_Before_Meeting_in_Munich_%2812252836383%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Secretary_Kerry_Shakes_Hands_With_EU_High_Representative_Ashton_Before_Meeting_in_Munich_%2812252836383%29.jpg/440px-Secretary_Kerry_Shakes_Hands_With_EU_High_Representative_Ashton_Before_Meeting_in_Munich_%2812252836383%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2603" data-file-height="1726" /></a><figcaption>U.S. Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> with Ashton, Munich, 1 February 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>In December 2013 Ashton visited Kyiv. She said she was impressed by the "determination of Ukrainians demonstrating for the European perspective of their country" and observed "with sadness that police used force to remove peaceful people from the center of Kyiv... Dialogue with political forces and society and the use of arguments is always better than the argument of force".<sup id="cite_ref-europa.eu_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-europa.eu-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, Russian Deputy Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Rogozin" title="Dmitry Rogozin">Dmitry Rogozin</a> criticised Ashton's categorisation of the anti-government protests in <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> as peaceful in nature, pointing to the death of a number of police officers.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the beginning of March a recording of a conversation between Ashton and the Estonian foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Urmas_Paet" title="Urmas Paet">Urmas Paet</a> was released. In the call, Paet said he had been told by a woman doctor named Olga that snipers responsible for killing police and civilians in Kyiv last month were protest movement provocateurs rather than supporters of then-president Viktor Yanukovych. Ashton responds: "I didn't know … Gosh." "So there is a stronger and stronger understanding that behind snipers it was not Yanukovych, it was somebody from the new coalition", Paet says. Ashton replies: "I think we do want to investigate. I didn't pick that up, that's interesting. Gosh", she says. The Estonian foreign ministry confirmed the accuracy of the leak but clarified that "Foreign Minister Paet was giving an overview of what he had heard in Kyiv and expressed concern over the situation on the ground. We reject the claim that Paet was giving an assessment of the opposition's involvement in the violence."<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The woman doctor, Olga Bogomolets, said in an interview reported by Paul Waldie of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a></i> that, in her conversation with the Estonian minister, "she did not indicate that protesters used snipers. She simply relayed to the Estonian minister what she saw that day – protesters shot in the head and heart. 'What I saw were people who were killed by snipers and only on [protesters'] side.'"<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 28 March 2014 Ashton issued a news release condemning violence by members of the Ukrainian nationalist political party <a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a>, stating, "I strongly condemn the pressure by activists of the Right Sector who have surrounded the building of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Such an intimidation of the parliament is against ... democratic principles and [the] rule of law. I call on the Right Sector and other parties in Ukraine to refrain from the use or threat of violence. They need to hand over any unauthorised arms to the authorities immediately."<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Russia">Russia</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Russia" title="Human rights in Russia">Human rights in Russia</a></div> <p>President Putin signed the new treason law on 12 November 2012. Ashton expressed concern at the new law "potentially penalizing contacts with foreign nationals with up to 20 years in prison" and reducing "the burden of proof for charges of treason and espionage". The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Committee_Against_Torture" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Committee Against Torture">United Nations Committee Against Torture</a> stated that the new law could prohibit sharing information on the human rights situation in Russia with the United Nations human rights organs. According to Ashton, the March 2013 inspection wave in Russia seemed aimed at "undermining civil society activities".<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Egypt">Egypt</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Egypt" title="Human rights in Egypt">Human rights in Egypt</a></div> <p>Ashton condemned the "disproportionate" use of force by <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egyptian</a> security forces on August 14, 2013, when the security forces killed over 1000 people during the <a href="/wiki/August_2013_Rabaa_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2013 Rabaa massacre">violent dispersal</a> of mass anti-government sit-ins at Cairo's <a href="/wiki/Rabaa_Al-Adawiya_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabaa Al-Adawiya Mosque">Rabaa al-Adawiya</a> and al-Nahda squares.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assessments">Assessments</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mid_East_Quartet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Mid_East_Quartet.jpg/220px-Mid_East_Quartet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Mid_East_Quartet.jpg/330px-Mid_East_Quartet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Mid_East_Quartet.jpg/440px-Mid_East_Quartet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1065" /></a><figcaption>Ashton (far right) with the rest of the Quartet on the Middle East (2010)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Schuman_-_Berlaymont_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Schuman_-_Berlaymont_-_01.jpg/220px-Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Schuman_-_Berlaymont_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Schuman_-_Berlaymont_-_01.jpg/330px-Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Schuman_-_Berlaymont_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Schuman_-_Berlaymont_-_01.jpg/440px-Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Schuman_-_Berlaymont_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5180" data-file-height="2894" /></a><figcaption>The European Commission, of which Catherine Ashton was Vice-President from 2010 to 2014</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_phase_as_EU_High_Representative">Early phase as EU High Representative</h4></div> <p>Ashton was questioned by Members of the European Parliament in 2009 about her role as national treasurer in the British <a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Nuclear_Disarmament" title="Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament">Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament</a> in the 1980s, amid claims by its opponents that it may have had financial links to the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. Ashton responded that she had not taken any "direct money from communist countries". Much of the organisation's funds had been "collected in buckets" at marches and demonstrations, she said, adding that she was the first to order an audit of CND's finances.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her spokesman said: "She never visited the Soviet Union, she had no contacts with the Soviet Union and she never accepted money from Soviet sources ... She has never been a member of the Communist Party".<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2010, Ashton was criticised within the EU community for not visiting <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="2010 Haiti earthquake">2010 Haiti earthquake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-independent.co.uk_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent.co.uk-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of defence ministers reportedly also complained that she had not attended a European Defence Summit in Majorca.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More broadly, senior officials within her team were said to complain that she spoke only in "generalities".<sup id="cite_ref-independent.co.uk_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent.co.uk-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A rumour that she switched off her phone after 8 pm every day was greeted by Ashton with ridicule.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2011, Ashton received the lowest grade in a survey rating the performance of European Commissioners. The survey, carried out by lobbying and PR company <a href="/wiki/Burson-Marsteller" class="mw-redirect" title="Burson-Marsteller">Burson-Marsteller</a>, asked 324 Brussels policy-makers to rate the European Commissioners with a grade of A to E (A being the highest). Ashton scored an E for her performance, the only Commissioner to receive a grade below D.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2012, Ashton was criticised by Israeli politicians for comparing the <a href="/wiki/Toulouse_and_Montauban_shootings" title="Toulouse and Montauban shootings">shooting of Jewish children in Toulouse</a> with the situation in Gaza.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ashton told Palestinian youths at a <a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">UNRWA</a> event, "When we think of what happened in Toulouse today, when we remember what happened in Norway a year ago, when we know what is happening in Syria, when we see what is happening in <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sderot" title="Sderot">Sderot</a> and in different parts of the world – we remember young people and children who lose their lives."<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After she was quoted in the press as not having mentioned the Israeli city of <a href="/wiki/Sderot" title="Sderot">Sderot</a>, Israeli politicians denounced her for equating the murder of three children and a rabbi in the shooting attack with the situation in Gaza. Her spokesman stated that her remark had been "grossly distorted" and that she had also referenced Israeli victims in Sderot, but this fact had been omitted from the original transcript.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catherine_Ashton_and_Vladimir_Putin_3_June_2013.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Catherine_Ashton_and_Vladimir_Putin_3_June_2013.jpeg/220px-Catherine_Ashton_and_Vladimir_Putin_3_June_2013.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Catherine_Ashton_and_Vladimir_Putin_3_June_2013.jpeg/330px-Catherine_Ashton_and_Vladimir_Putin_3_June_2013.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Catherine_Ashton_and_Vladimir_Putin_3_June_2013.jpeg/440px-Catherine_Ashton_and_Vladimir_Putin_3_June_2013.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption>Lady Ashton and Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, 3 June 2013</figcaption></figure> <p>In counterpoint to earlier criticism of Ashton for not travelling enough, in September 2012 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i> criticised her for not being present in Brussels for enough European Commission meetings, reporting that Ashton had missed 21 out of 32 regular weekly meetings held so far that year. To the paper's complaint that Ashton's absences were "leaving Britain without a voice" at such meetings, European diplomatic officials said that, under EU treaties, commissioners serve as representatives not of individual member countries but of the European interest. Ashton's staff also pointed to her personal involvement in nuclear negotiations with Iran as among the international responsibilities that had kept her away from Commission meetings.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Polish Minister for European and Economic Affairs, <a href="/wiki/Mikolaj_Dowgielewicz" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikolaj Dowgielewicz">Mikolaj Dowgielewicz</a>, stated in 2011 that criticism of Ashton was "a lot of hot air" and that "she has an impossible job to do and she is doing it well. At the end of her time in office, people will be more positive about what she has done. She will leave a real legacy."<sup id="cite_ref-PSE_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSE-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ashton was said in February 2010 to be angry over what she perceived as the "latent sexism" among some of her European peers that underpinned some of the criticisms aimed at her.<sup id="cite_ref-independent.co.uk_69-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent.co.uk-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She told the press that her work was sometimes hampered by the limited resources provided to her. She is not, for example, provided with her own aeroplane: something taken for granted by U.S. Secretaries of State.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Later_phase_as_EU_High_Representative">Later phase as EU High Representative</h4></div><p> The tone of public comment on Ashton's performance in office was subsequently to be influenced especially by her contributions to negotiations over Kosovo and Iran. In October 2013, <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a></i> wrote of her:</p><blockquote><p>But now the 57-year-old baroness is suddenly at the center of world diplomacy. And whenever she is mentioned, she earns praise for her hard-nosed negotiating skills, her stamina and her diplomatic talents. It is said that U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry has much faith in her. "She is discreet and perceptive, but also tenacious. That makes her an ideal negotiator", says Alexander Graf Lamsdorff, the head of Germany's business-friendly Free Democratic Party (FDP) in the European Parliament and a member of its Committee on Foreign Affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> One of the critics of Ashton's appointment came to concede her effectiveness in office. In September 2013, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Oborne" title="Peter Oborne">Peter Oborne</a>, the chief political commentator of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>, wrote:</p><blockquote><p>Well, let's admit we were all completely wrong. It is now obvious that Catherine Ashton has been a success. In her unobtrusive but determined way, she can boast real achievement. Last year a peace deal was struck between Serbia and Kosovo. Nobody had thought it possible. It was a massive step towards healing ancient hatreds and building economic prosperity. It was brokered by Baroness Ashton.... I have never met Baroness Ashton but I guess that one of her secrets is that she keeps her head down, does not flaunt her ego, and allows others to take the credit. It takes little imagination to envisage how a male politician from any of the main parties would have exploited the Kosovo peace-deal, or the Morsi visit. She just kept her head down and quietly got on with her job.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> In July 2014, as discussions took place on the selection of Ashton's successor, Paul Taylor of <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> wrote in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, as part of a larger critique of the political nature of appointments to the European Commission:</p><blockquote><p>While Ms. Ashton had some successes, brokering a first accord between Serbia and Kosovo and leading negotiations for an interim nuclear deal between Iran and world powers, critics say she has too often been missing in action closer to home.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Reflecting on her record, in July 2014, Adam Boulton in the UK's <i>Sunday Times</i> concluded: </p> <blockquote><p> As the European Union's high representative for foreign affairs and security policy, Catherine Ashton still bestrides the international stage four years after Gordon Brown, the man who gave her the job, was expelled from the corridors of power. She was a surprise nominee to everyone including herself, and few would have expected then that her successor as Britain's commissioner would struggle to match Baroness Ashton in calibre and clout.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> <p>Ashton lives in London with her husband, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Kellner" title="Peter Kellner">Peter Kellner</a>, the former president of the online polling organisation, <a href="/wiki/YouGov" title="YouGov">YouGov</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ashton and Kellner have been married since 1988. Ashton has two children and three stepchildren.<sup id="cite_ref-Independent_-_The_quiet_diplomat:_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Independent_-_The_quiet_diplomat:-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2></div> <ul><li><i>And Then What? Inside Stories of 21st-Century Diplomacy</i> (Elliott & Thompson, London, 2023) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78396-634-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78396-634-9">978-1-78396-634-9</a><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_activities">Other activities</h2></div> <p>Catherine Ashton is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Global_Leadership_Foundation" title="Global Leadership Foundation">Global Leadership Foundation</a>, an organisation that works to support democratic leadership, prevent and resolve conflict through mediation and promote good governance in the form of democratic institutions, open markets, human rights and the rule of law. It does so by making available, discreetly and in confidence, the experience of former leaders to today's national leaders. It is a not-for-profit organisation composed of former heads of government, senior governmental and international organisation officials who work closely with heads of government on governance-related issues of concern to them. </p><p>She has been the <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">Chancellor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a> since 2016. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours_and_awards">Honours and awards</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Catherine_Margaret_Ashton,_Baroness_Ashton_of_Upholland,_LG,_GCMG,_PC.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Coat_of_Arms_of_Catherine_Margaret_Ashton%2C_Baroness_Ashton_of_Upholland%2C_LG%2C_GCMG%2C_PC.png/220px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Catherine_Margaret_Ashton%2C_Baroness_Ashton_of_Upholland%2C_LG%2C_GCMG%2C_PC.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Coat_of_Arms_of_Catherine_Margaret_Ashton%2C_Baroness_Ashton_of_Upholland%2C_LG%2C_GCMG%2C_PC.png/330px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Catherine_Margaret_Ashton%2C_Baroness_Ashton_of_Upholland%2C_LG%2C_GCMG%2C_PC.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Coat_of_Arms_of_Catherine_Margaret_Ashton%2C_Baroness_Ashton_of_Upholland%2C_LG%2C_GCMG%2C_PC.png/440px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Catherine_Margaret_Ashton%2C_Baroness_Ashton_of_Upholland%2C_LG%2C_GCMG%2C_PC.png 2x" data-file-width="1158" data-file-height="1158" /></a><figcaption>Garter-encircled arms of Catherine Margaret Ashton, Baroness Ashton of Upholland, LG, GCMG, PC</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards">Awards</h3></div> <p>In February 2013, Ashton was assessed as one of the 100 most powerful women in the United Kingdom by <i><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_Hour" title="Woman's Hour">Woman's Hour</a></i> on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She was awarded an honorary degree from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_East_London" title="University of East London">University of East London</a> in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-Alumni_Newsletter_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alumni_Newsletter-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Date </th> <th>Appointment </th> <th>Ribbon </th> <th>Post Nominal Titles </th> <th>Other </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td>23 April 2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lady_Companion_of_the_Most_Noble_Order_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter">Lady Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Garter_UK_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Order_of_the_Garter_UK_ribbon.svg/80px-Order_of_the_Garter_UK_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Order_of_the_Garter_UK_ribbon.svg/120px-Order_of_the_Garter_UK_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Order_of_the_Garter_UK_ribbon.svg/160px-Order_of_the_Garter_UK_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td>LG </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-garter23_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-garter23-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2015_New_Year_Honours" title="2015 New Year Honours">2015 New Year Honours</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dame_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George">Dame Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg/80px-UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg/120px-UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg/160px-UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td>GCMG </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> </td> <td>1 July 2014 </td> <td>2nd Class of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_White_Double_Cross" title="Order of the White Double Cross">Order of the White Double Cross</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SVK_Rad_Bieleho_Dvojkriza_2_triedy_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/SVK_Rad_Bieleho_Dvojkriza_2_triedy_BAR.svg/80px-SVK_Rad_Bieleho_Dvojkriza_2_triedy_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/SVK_Rad_Bieleho_Dvojkriza_2_triedy_BAR.svg/120px-SVK_Rad_Bieleho_Dvojkriza_2_triedy_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/SVK_Rad_Bieleho_Dvojkriza_2_triedy_BAR.svg/160px-SVK_Rad_Bieleho_Dvojkriza_2_triedy_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2019 she was appointed <a href="/wiki/King_of_Arms_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" title="King of Arms of the Order of St Michael and St George">King of Arms of the Order of St Michael and St George</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was appointed chancellor of the order in 2022,<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and represented the order at the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Charles_III_and_Camilla" title="Coronation of Charles III and Camilla">coronation of Charles III and Camilla</a> in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jointly with <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Work_and_Pensions" title="Department for Work and Pensions">Department for Work and Pensions</a> from June 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette24651" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/Edinburgh/issue/24651/page/1667">"No. 24651"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Edinburgh_Gazette" title="The Edinburgh Gazette">The Edinburgh Gazette</a></i>. 6 August 1999. p. 1667.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Edinburgh+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+24651&rft.pages=1667&rft.date=1999-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FEdinburgh%2Fissue%2F24651%2Fpage%2F1667&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-garter23-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-garter23_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-garter23_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royal.uk/news-and-activity/2023-04-23/new-appointments-to-the-order-of-the-garter">"New appointments to the Order of the Garter"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/British_royal_family" title="British royal family">Royal.uk</a></i>. 23 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal.uk&rft.atitle=New+appointments+to+the+Order+of+the+Garter&rft.date=2023-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.uk%2Fnews-and-activity%2F2023-04-23%2Fnew-appointments-to-the-order-of-the-garter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ft-2008-10-4-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ft-2008-10-4_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ft-2008-10-4_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaffinParker2008" class="citation news cs1">Chaffin, Joshua; Parker, George (4 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e05b5722-9198-11dd-b5cd-0000779fd18c.html">"EU president backs trade role for Ashton"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e05b5722-9198-11dd-b5cd-0000779fd18c.html">the original</a></span> on 10 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=EU+president+backs+trade+role+for+Ashton&rft.date=2008-10-04&rft.aulast=Chaffin&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft.au=Parker%2C+George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2Fe05b5722-9198-11dd-b5cd-0000779fd18c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ashton_appoint-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ashton_appoint_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastleErlanger2009" class="citation news cs1">Castle, Stephen; Erlanger, Steven (19 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/20/world/europe/20union.html">"Low-Profile Leaders Chosen for Top European Posts"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Low-Profile+Leaders+Chosen+for+Top+European+Posts&rft.date=2009-11-19&rft.aulast=Castle&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.au=Erlanger%2C+Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F11%2F20%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F20union.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian-20131124-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guardian-20131124_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian-20131124_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTraynor2013" class="citation news cs1">Traynor, Ian (24 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/nov/24/iran-nuclear-talks-lady-ashton-geneva-triumph">"Iran nuclear talks: Lady Ashton's Geneva triumph takes centre stage"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Iran+nuclear+talks%3A+Lady+Ashton%27s+Geneva+triumph+takes+centre+stage&rft.date=2013-11-24&rft.aulast=Traynor&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2013%2Fnov%2F24%2Firan-nuclear-talks-lady-ashton-geneva-triumph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baroness_Ashton_appointed_Warwick_Chancellor-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Baroness_Ashton_appointed_Warwick_Chancellor_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/insite/news/intnews2/?newsItem=094d4345586d64ce015871bcccda1cd4">"Baroness Ashton to become Chancellor of the University of Warwick"</a>. <i>Warwick Insite</i>. University of Warwick. 17 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Warwick+Insite&rft.atitle=Baroness+Ashton+to+become+Chancellor+of+the+University+of+Warwick&rft.date=2016-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.warwick.ac.uk%2Finsite%2Fnews%2Fintnews2%2F%3FnewsItem%3D094d4345586d64ce015871bcccda1cd4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090430173211/http://ec.europa.eu/commission_barroso/ashton/profile_en.htm">"EU Trade Commissioner Catherine Ashton"</a>. <i>EU Commission</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/commission_barroso/ashton/profile_en.htm">the original</a> on 30 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EU+Commission&rft.atitle=EU+Trade+Commissioner+Catherine+Ashton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fcommission_barroso%2Fashton%2Fprofile_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lucky-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lucky_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lucky_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lucky_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatt2009" class="citation news cs1">Watt, Nicholas (20 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2009/nov/20/cathy-ashton-eu-foreign-job">"Lady Ashton: Principled, charming ... or just plain lucky"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Lady+Ashton%3A+Principled%2C+charming+...+or+just+plain+lucky&rft.date=2009-11-20&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2009%2Fnov%2F20%2Fcathy-ashton-eu-foreign-job&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lady-europe-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lady-europe_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lady-europe_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Renterghem2009" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Van Renterghem, Marion (9 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/europe/article/2009/12/09/catherine-ashton-la-discrete-lady-europe_1278127_3214.html">"Catherine Ashton, la discrète Lady Europe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Catherine+Ashton%2C+la+discr%C3%A8te+Lady+Europe&rft.date=2009-12-09&rft.aulast=Van+Renterghem&rft.aufirst=Marion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Feurope%2Farticle%2F2009%2F12%2F09%2Fcatherine-ashton-la-discrete-lady-europe_1278127_3214.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PROFILE:_Catherine_Ashton-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PROFILE:_Catherine_Ashton_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PROFILE:_Catherine_Ashton_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629103515/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article7061021.ece">"Profile: Catherine Ashton"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a></i>. 14 March 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article7061021.ece">the original</a> on 29 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Times&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Catherine+Ashton&rft.date=2010-03-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Farticle7061021.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavie2007" class="citation magazine cs1">Davie, Edward (15 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130518181244/http://www.housemag.co.uk/index.php?id=344&tx_ttnews%5btt_news%5d=7004&cHash=1">"Baroness of the barricades"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_House_(magazine)" title="The House (magazine)">The House</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.housemag.co.uk/index.php?id%3D344%26tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D%3D7004%26cHash%3D1">the original</a> on 18 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+House&rft.atitle=Baroness+of+the+barricades&rft.date=2007-10-15&rft.aulast=Davie&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.housemag.co.uk%2Findex.php%3Fid%253D344%2526tx_ttnews%255Btt_news%255D%253D7004%2526cHash%253D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rhul1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rhul1_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rhul1_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040908134351/http://www.rhul.ac.uk/Politics-and-IR/For-Alumni/">"Movers and Shakers among the Department's former students"</a>. <i>Dept of Politics & International Relations, Royal Holloway, University of London</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rhul.ac.uk/Politics-and-IR/For-Alumni">the original</a> on 8 September 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dept+of+Politics+%26+International+Relations%2C+Royal+Holloway%2C+University+of+London&rft.atitle=Movers+and+Shakers+among+the+Department%27s+former+students&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rhul.ac.uk%2FPolitics-and-IR%2FFor-Alumni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100205044031/http://www.rhul.ac.uk/For-Alumni/alumnimedia.html">"Alumni in the Media"</a>. <i>Development & Alumni Relations, Royal Holloway, University of London</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rhul.ac.uk/For-Alumni/alumnimedia.html">the original</a> on 5 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Development+%26+Alumni+Relations%2C+Royal+Holloway%2C+University+of+London&rft.atitle=Alumni+in+the+Media&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rhul.ac.uk%2FFor-Alumni%2Falumnimedia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110709005230/http://www.debretts.com/people/biographies/month/march/25207/Catherine%20Margaret%20Ashton+ASHTON%20OF%20UPHOLLAND.aspx">"The Baroness Ashton of Upholland, PC"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Debrett%27s" title="Debrett's">Debrett's</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debretts.com/people/biographies/month/march/25207/Catherine%20Margaret%20Ashton+ASHTON%20OF%20UPHOLLAND.aspx">the original</a> on 9 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Debrett%27s&rft.atitle=The+Baroness+Ashton+of+Upholland%2C+PC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.com%2Fpeople%2Fbiographies%2Fmonth%2Fmarch%2F25207%2FCatherine%2520Margaret%2520Ashton%2BASHTON%2520OF%2520UPHOLLAND.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunsden2008" class="citation web cs1">Brunsden, Jim (3 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091019185757/http://www.europeanvoice.com/article/2008/10/new-uk-commissioner-named/62560.aspx">"New EU Commissioner Named"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/European_Voice" class="mw-redirect" title="European Voice">European Voice</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europeanvoice.com/article/2008/10/new-uk-commissioner-named/62560.aspx">the original</a> on 19 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Voice&rft.atitle=New+EU+Commissioner+Named&rft.date=2008-10-03&rft.aulast=Brunsden&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeanvoice.com%2Farticle%2F2008%2F10%2Fnew-uk-commissioner-named%2F62560.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CND-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CND_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinnionBolsover1983" class="citation book cs1">Minnion, John & Bolsover, Philip (1983). <i>The CND Story</i>. London, UK: <a href="/wiki/Allison_%26_Busby" title="Allison & Busby">Allison & Busby</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85031-487-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85031-487-8"><bdi>978-0-85031-487-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+CND+Story&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Allison+%26+Busby&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-85031-487-8&rft.aulast=Minnion&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Bolsover%2C+Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.windsor-fellowship.org">"Profile"</a>. <i>Windsor Fellowship.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Windsor+Fellowship.org&rft.atitle=Profile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.windsor-fellowship.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc_profile-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_profile_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8369392.stm">"Profile: EU foreign minister Baroness Ashton"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 6 December 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091122005920/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8369392.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+EU+foreign+minister+Baroness+Ashton&rft.date=2010-12-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F8369392.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gingerbread.org.uk">"Profile"</a>. <i>Gingerbread.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gingerbread.org.uk&rft.atitle=Profile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gingerbread.org.uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.uk/biographies/lords/baroness-ashton-of-upholland/2500">"Baroness Ashton of Upholland"</a>. <i>Parliament of the United Kingdom</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliament+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.atitle=Baroness+Ashton+of+Upholland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fbiographies%2Flords%2Fbaroness-ashton-of-upholland%2F2500&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2009/11/20/gay-rights-advocate-cathy-ashton-is-new-eu-foreign-affairs-chief">"Gay rights advocate Cathy Ashton is new EU foreign affairs chief"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PinkNews" title="PinkNews">PinkNews</a></i>. 20 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PinkNews&rft.atitle=Gay+rights+advocate+Cathy+Ashton+is+new+EU+foreign+affairs+chief&rft.date=2009-11-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinknews.co.uk%2F2009%2F11%2F20%2Fgay-rights-advocate-cathy-ashton-is-new-eu-foreign-affairs-chief&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080906133931/http://www.number-10.gov.uk/output/Page12165.asp">"New Cabinet appointments"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(United_Kingdom)" title="Prime Minister's Office (United Kingdom)">Prime Minister's Office</a></i>. 28 June 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.number-10.gov.uk/output/Page12165.asp">the original</a> on 6 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Prime+Minister%27s+Office&rft.atitle=New+Cabinet+appointments&rft.date=2007-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.number-10.gov.uk%2Foutput%2FPage12165.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaterfield2009" class="citation news cs1">Waterfield, Bruno (20 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/eu/6609910/Profile-Baroness-Ashton-EUs-new-foreign-minister.html">"Profile: Baroness Ashton, EU's new foreign minister"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110110040241/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/eu/6609910/Profile-Baroness-Ashton-EUs-new-foreign-minister.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Baroness+Ashton%2C+EU%27s+new+foreign+minister&rft.date=2009-11-20&rft.aulast=Waterfield&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Feu%2F6609910%2FProfile-Baroness-Ashton-EUs-new-foreign-minister.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TEC211219-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TEC211219_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Under Article 245 (formerly Article 213) of the <a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaties of Rome">Treaty establishing the European Community</a> <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">as amended</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eut/teec/part/SIX/title/I/chapter/1/section/4">"Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union: Part Six, Title I, Chapter 1, Section 4; The Commission, Articles 211 to 219"</a>. <i>Legislation.gov.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Consolidated+version+of+the+Treaty+on+the+Functioning+of+the+European+Union%3A+Part+Six%2C+Title+I%2C+Chapter+1%2C+Section+4%3B+The+Commission%2C+Articles+211+to+219&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Feut%2Fteec%2Fpart%2FSIX%2Ftitle%2FI%2Fchapter%2F1%2Fsection%2F4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hansardlord-cockfield-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hansardlord-cockfield_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargaret_Thatcher1984" class="citation book cs1">Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister (12 December 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1984/dec/12/lord-cockfield">"Lord Cockfield"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. House of Commons. col. 493W.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lord+Cockfield&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.pages=col.-493W&rft.pub=House+of+Commons&rft.date=1984-12-12&rft.au=Margaret+Thatcher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fwritten-answers%2F1984%2Fdec%2F12%2Flord-cockfield&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LHansard81014-0013-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LHansard81014-0013_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLord_Bach2008" class="citation book cs1">Lord Bach, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State, Ministry of Justice (14 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldhansrd/text/81014-0013.htm">"European Parliament (House of Lords Disqualification) Regulations 2008"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. House of Lords. col. 676.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=European+Parliament+%28House+of+Lords+Disqualification%29+Regulations+2008&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.pages=col.-676&rft.pub=House+of+Lords&rft.date=2008-10-14&rft.au=Lord+Bach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fld200708%2Fldhansrd%2Ftext%2F81014-0013.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EPAshtonDoha-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EPAshtonDoha_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=IM-PRESS&reference=20081016FCS39803&secondRef=0&language=EN">"European Parliament Focus briefing "Ashton backs Doha rescue in Q&A with MEPs"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>European Parliament</i>. 21 October 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190607014343/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=IM-PRESS&reference=20081016FCS39803&secondRef=0&language=EN">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Parliament&rft.atitle=European+Parliament+Focus+briefing+%22Ashton+backs+Doha+rescue+in+Q%26A+with+MEPs%22&rft.date=2008-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fsides%2FgetDoc.do%3Ftype%3DIM-PRESS%26reference%3D20081016FCS39803%26secondRef%3D0%26language%3DEN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_News_report_on_agreement-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News_report_on_agreement_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8036202.stm">"EU and US reach deal in beef row"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 6 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=EU+and+US+reach+deal+in+beef+row&rft.date=2009-05-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F8036202.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastle2008" class="citation news cs1">Castle, Stephen (10 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/16/business/global/16trade.html">"Europe and South Korea Sign Trade Pact"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Europe+and+South+Korea+Sign+Trade+Pact&rft.date=2008-10-10&rft.aulast=Castle&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F10%2F16%2Fbusiness%2Fglobal%2F16trade.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EU_Press_release-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EU_Press_release_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-09-1523_en.htm">"EU and South Korea initial free trade deal"</a>. <i>European Commission</i>. 15 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Commission&rft.atitle=EU+and+South+Korea+initial+free+trade+deal&rft.date=2009-10-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuropa.eu%2Frapid%2Fpress-release_IP-09-1523_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolbaru2009" class="citation web cs1">Tolbaru, Ana-Maria (15 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091021120127/http://www.europeanvoice.com/article/2009/10/eu-and-south-korea-sign-trade-pact/66171.aspx">"EU and South Korea sign trade pact"</a>. <i>European Voice</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europeanvoice.com/article/2009/10/eu-and-south-korea-sign-trade-pact/66171.aspx">the original</a> on 21 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Voice&rft.atitle=EU+and+South+Korea+sign+trade+pact&rft.date=2009-10-15&rft.aulast=Tolbaru&rft.aufirst=Ana-Maria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeanvoice.com%2Farticle%2F2009%2F10%2Feu-and-south-korea-sign-trade-pact%2F66171.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stabroeknews.com/2009/news/regional/11/19/eu-set-to-cut-tariffs-on-latin-american-bananas">"EU set to cut tariffs on Latin American bananas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stabroek_News" title="Stabroek News">Stabroek News</a></i>. 19 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stabroek+News&rft.atitle=EU+set+to+cut+tariffs+on+Latin+American+bananas&rft.date=2009-11-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stabroeknews.com%2F2009%2Fnews%2Fregional%2F11%2F19%2Feu-set-to-cut-tariffs-on-latin-american-bananas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8367589.stm">"Belgian PM named as EU president"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 19 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Belgian+PM+named+as+EU+president&rft.date=2009-10-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F8367589.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.news.yahoo.com/18/20091119/tuk-uk-drops-blair-picks-ashton-for-eu-r-a7ad41d_1.html">"UK drops Blair, picks Ashton for EU role"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_News" title="Yahoo News">Yahoo News</a></i>. 19 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+News&rft.atitle=UK+drops+Blair%2C+picks+Ashton+for+EU+role&rft.date=2009-11-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.news.yahoo.com%2F18%2F20091119%2Ftuk-uk-drops-blair-picks-ashton-for-eu-r-a7ad41d_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBraniganHardingMcCarthyChulov2009" class="citation news cs1">Branigan, Tania; Harding, Luke; McCarthy, Rory; Chulov, Martin & Nasaw, Daniel (20 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2009/nov/20/lady-ashton-eu-reaction">"Catherine Ashton: 'As trade commissioner she had a good reputation'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Catherine+Ashton%3A+%27As+trade+commissioner+she+had+a+good+reputation%27&rft.date=2009-11-20&rft.aulast=Branigan&rft.aufirst=Tania&rft.au=Harding%2C+Luke&rft.au=McCarthy%2C+Rory&rft.au=Chulov%2C+Martin&rft.au=Nasaw%2C+Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2009%2Fnov%2F20%2Flady-ashton-eu-reaction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharlemagne2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Charlemagne (15 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/charlemagne/2009/12/15/catherine-ashton-and-the-british-problem">"Catherine Ashton and the British problem"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201022002209/https://www.economist.com/charlemagne/2009/12/15/catherine-ashton-and-the-british-problem">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Catherine+Ashton+and+the+British+problem&rft.date=2009-12-15&rft.au=Charlemagne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fcharlemagne%2F2009%2F12%2F15%2Fcatherine-ashton-and-the-british-problem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardiner2010" class="citation web cs1">Gardiner, Nile (21 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2010/05/four-key-principles-for-a-conservative-british-foreign-policy">"Four Key Principles for a Conservative British Foreign Policy"</a>. <i>The Heritage Foundation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Heritage+Foundation&rft.atitle=Four+Key+Principles+for+a+Conservative+British+Foreign+Policy&rft.date=2010-05-21&rft.aulast=Gardiner&rft.aufirst=Nile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.org%2Fresearch%2Freports%2F2010%2F05%2Ffour-key-principles-for-a-conservative-british-foreign-policy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-telegraph-20091120-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-telegraph-20091120_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardiner2009" class="citation news cs1">Gardiner, Nile (20 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091123201747/http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/nilegardiner/100017357/baroness-ashton-as-eu-foreign-minister-%E2%80%93-is-this-the-most-ridiculous-appointment-in-the-history-of-the-european-union/">"Baroness Ashton as EU Foreign Minister – is this the most ridiculous appointment in the history of the European Union?"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/nilegardiner/100017357/baroness-ashton-as-eu-foreign-minister-%E2%80%93-is-this-the-most-ridiculous-appointment-in-the-history-of-the-european-union">the original</a> on 23 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Baroness+Ashton+as+EU+Foreign+Minister+%E2%80%93+is+this+the+most+ridiculous+appointment+in+the+history+of+the+European+Union%3F&rft.date=2009-11-20&rft.aulast=Gardiner&rft.aufirst=Nile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnilegardiner%2F100017357%2Fbaroness-ashton-as-eu-foreign-minister-%25E2%2580%2593-is-this-the-most-ridiculous-appointment-in-the-history-of-the-european-union&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannan2008" class="citation news cs1">Hannan, Daniel (10 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090723202634/http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/danielhannan/5421346/Why_I_shall_be_voting_against_Peter_Mandelsons_replacement/">"Why I shall be voting against Peter Mandelson's replacement"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/danielhannan/5421346/Why_I_shall_be_voting_against_Peter_Mandelsons_replacement">the original</a> on 23 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Why+I+shall+be+voting+against+Peter+Mandelson%27s+replacement&rft.date=2008-10-10&rft.aulast=Hannan&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fdanielhannan%2F5421346%2FWhy_I_shall_be_voting_against_Peter_Mandelsons_replacement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/90853/6519663.html">"European Parliament approves new EU trade chief"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a></i>. 22 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=People%27s+Daily&rft.atitle=European+Parliament+approves+new+EU+trade+chief&rft.date=2008-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.people.com.cn%2F90001%2F90777%2F90853%2F6519663.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette61092" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/61092/supplement/N3">"No. 61092"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 31 December 2014. p. N3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+61092&rft.pages=N3&rft.date=2014-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F61092%2Fsupplement%2FN3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/391415/Diplomatic_and_Overseas_NY15_Honours_List.pdf">"New Year Honours 2015: Diplomatic Service and Overseas List"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Government of the United Kingdom</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141231045943/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/391415/Diplomatic_and_Overseas_NY15_Honours_List.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 31 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.atitle=New+Year+Honours+2015%3A+Diplomatic+Service+and+Overseas+List&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F391415%2FDiplomatic_and_Overseas_NY15_Honours_List.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRettman2010" class="citation web cs1">Rettman, Andrew (8 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://euobserver.com/9/30448">"EU takes 'historic' step on new diplomatic service"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/EUobserver" title="EUobserver">EUobserver</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EUobserver&rft.atitle=EU+takes+%27historic%27+step+on+new+diplomatic+service&rft.date=2010-07-08&rft.aulast=Rettman&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuobserver.com%2F9%2F30448&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eeas.europa.eu/agenda/2012/200212_factsheet_piracy.pdf">"The EU fight against piracy in the Horn of Africa"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/European_External_Action_Service" title="European External Action Service">European External Action Service</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+External+Action+Service&rft.atitle=The+EU+fight+against+piracy+in+the+Horn+of+Africa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feeas.europa.eu%2Fagenda%2F2012%2F200212_factsheet_piracy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/130252.pdf">"Statement by the spokesperson of EU High Representative Catherine Ashton following the disruption of pirate logistical dumps in Somalia by EU Naval Force – Operation Atalanta"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Council of the European Union</i>. 15 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Council+of+the+European+Union&rft.atitle=Statement+by+the+spokesperson+of+EU+High+Representative+Catherine+Ashton+following+the+disruption+of+pirate+logistical+dumps+in+Somalia+by+EU+Naval+Force+%E2%80%93+Operation+Atalanta&rft.date=2012-05-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.consilium.europa.eu%2Fuedocs%2Fcms_Data%2Fdocs%2Fpressdata%2FEN%2Fforaff%2F130252.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_Report_on_Serbia/Kosovo_deal-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Report_on_Serbia/Kosovo_deal_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2013" class="citation web cs1">Morris, Chris (24 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-22278542">"EU's Ashton sees 'brave' Kosovo deal as breakthrough"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=EU%27s+Ashton+sees+%27brave%27+Kosovo+deal+as+breakthrough&rft.date=2013-04-24&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-22278542&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/editorials/editorial-a-landmark-deal-in-the-balkans-8583027.html?origin=internalSearch">"Editorial: A landmark deal in the Balkans"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 22 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Editorial%3A+A+landmark+deal+in+the+Balkans&rft.date=2013-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fvoices%2Feditorials%2Feditorial-a-landmark-deal-in-the-balkans-8583027.html%3Forigin%3DinternalSearch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-22222624">"Serbia and Kosovo reach EU-brokered landmark accord"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 19 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Serbia+and+Kosovo+reach+EU-brokered+landmark+accord&rft.date=2013-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-22222624&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/25/opinion/moving-past-the-last-balkan-war.html">"Moving Past the Last Balkan War"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 24 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Moving+Past+the+Last+Balkan+War&rft.date=2013-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F04%2F25%2Fopinion%2Fmoving-past-the-last-balkan-war.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKingsley2013" class="citation news cs1">Kingsley, Patrick (30 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/30/morsi-ashton-muslim-brotherhood-egypt">"Egypt's deposed president Morsi is safe and well, confirms EU's top diplomat"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Egypt%27s+deposed+president+Morsi+is+safe+and+well%2C+confirms+EU%27s+top+diplomat&rft.date=2013-07-30&rft.aulast=Kingsley&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2013%2Fjul%2F30%2Fmorsi-ashton-muslim-brotherhood-egypt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2013/jul/30/egypt-president-morsi-eu-ashton-video">"Egypt's ousted president Mohamed Morsi alive and well, says EU's Ashton - video"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 30 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Egypt%27s+ousted+president+Mohamed+Morsi+alive+and+well%2C+says+EU%27s+Ashton+-+video&rft.date=2013-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Fvideo%2F2013%2Fjul%2F30%2Fegypt-president-morsi-eu-ashton-video&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDay2013" class="citation news cs1">Day, Elizabeth (4 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/aug/04/baroness-ashton-morsi-secret-meeting">"How Baroness Ashton's gift for consensus opened the door to Mohamed Morsi"</a>. <i>The Observer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=How+Baroness+Ashton%27s+gift+for+consensus+opened+the+door+to+Mohamed+Morsi&rft.date=2013-08-04&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2013%2Faug%2F04%2Fbaroness-ashton-morsi-secret-meeting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNormanSolomon2013" class="citation news cs1">Norman, Laurence & Solomon, Jay (9 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150406095335/http://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303309504579187474244929100">"Iran Nuclear Talks End Without Deal"</a>. <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303309504579187474244929100">the original</a> on 6 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Iran+Nuclear+Talks+End+Without+Deal&rft.date=2013-11-09&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rft.au=Solomon%2C+Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2FSB10001424052702303309504579187474244929100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-europa.eu-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-europa.eu_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-europa.eu_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshton2013" class="citation web cs1">Ashton, Catherine (11 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEECH-13-1060_en.htm">"Message by EU High Representative Catherine Ashton to Maidan protesters"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Europa_(web_portal)" title="Europa (web portal)">Europa</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Europa&rft.atitle=Message+by+EU+High+Representative+Catherine+Ashton+to+Maidan+protesters&rft.date=2013-12-11&rft.aulast=Ashton&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuropa.eu%2Frapid%2Fpress-release_SPEECH-13-1060_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc.co.uk-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2013" class="citation web cs1">Morris, Chris (24 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-22278542">"EU's Ashton sees "brave" Kosovo deal as breakthrough"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=EU%27s+Ashton+sees+%22brave%22+Kosovo+deal+as+breakthrough&rft.date=2013-04-24&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-22278542&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorman2013" class="citation web cs1">Norman, Laurence (24 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.wsj.com/brussels/2013/12/24/a-nobel-peace-prize-for-catherine-ashton-in-2014/">"A Nobel Peace Prize for Catherine Ashton in 2014?"</a>. <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=A+Nobel+Peace+Prize+for+Catherine+Ashton+in+2014%3F&rft.date=2013-12-24&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.wsj.com%2Fbrussels%2F2013%2F12%2F24%2Fa-nobel-peace-prize-for-catherine-ashton-in-2014%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.socialistsanddemocrats.eu/newsroom/open-letter-nobel-peace-prize-nomination-sd-group-president-hannes-swoboda">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Open letter for the Nobel Peace Prize nomination," by S&D Group president, Hannes Swoboda"</a>. <i>Socialists & Democrats</i>. 29 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Socialists+%26+Democrats&rft.atitle=%22Open+letter+for+the+Nobel+Peace+Prize+nomination%2C%22+by+S%26D+Group+president%2C+Hannes+Swoboda&rft.date=2014-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.socialistsanddemocrats.eu%2Fnewsroom%2Fopen-letter-nobel-peace-prize-nomination-sd-group-president-hannes-swoboda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpiegeleisen2013" class="citation news cs1">Spiegeleisen, Peter (27 November 2013). "Ashton no longer the diplomatic dilettante". <i>Financial Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Ashton+no+longer+the+diplomatic+dilettante&rft.date=2013-11-27&rft.aulast=Spiegeleisen&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.pravda.ru/news/world/21-02-2014/126897-rogozin_ashton-0">"Dmitry Rogozin: If Ukrainian protests are peaceful, Catherine Ashton is a ballerina"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pravda.ru" title="Pravda.ru">Pravda.ru</a></i>. 21 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pravda.ru&rft.atitle=Dmitry+Rogozin%3A+If+Ukrainian+protests+are+peaceful%2C+Catherine+Ashton+is+a+ballerina&rft.date=2014-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.pravda.ru%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F21-02-2014%2F126897-rogozin_ashton-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacAskill2014" class="citation news cs1">MacAskill, Ewen (5 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/05/ukraine-bugged-call-catherine-ashton-urmas-paet">"Ukraine crisis: bugged call reveals conspiracy theory about Kiev snipers"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ukraine+crisis%3A+bugged+call+reveals+conspiracy+theory+about+Kiev+snipers&rft.date=2014-03-05&rft.aulast=MacAskill&rft.aufirst=Ewen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fmar%2F05%2Fukraine-bugged-call-catherine-ashton-urmas-paet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaldie2014" class="citation news cs1">Waldie, Paul (8 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/prominent-ukrainian-doctor-is-no-ordinary-revolutionary/article17384018">"Prominent Ukrainian Doctor is no ordinary revolutionary"</a>. <i>The Globe and Mail</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Prominent+Ukrainian+Doctor+is+no+ordinary+revolutionary&rft.date=2014-03-08&rft.aulast=Waldie&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fprominent-ukrainian-doctor-is-no-ordinary-revolutionary%2Farticle17384018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshton2014" class="citation web cs1">Ashton, Catherine (28 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141218083039/http://eeas.europa.eu/statements/docs/2014/140328_04_en.pdf">"Statement by EU High Representative Catherine Ashton on recent events around the Parliament of Ukraine"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>European External Action Service</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eeas.europa.eu/statements/docs/2014/140328_04_en.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+External+Action+Service&rft.atitle=Statement+by+EU+High+Representative+Catherine+Ashton+on+recent+events+around+the+Parliament+of+Ukraine&rft.date=2014-03-28&rft.aulast=Ashton&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feeas.europa.eu%2Fstatements%2Fdocs%2F2014%2F140328_04_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/node/115059">"Laws of Attrition: Crackdown on Russia's Civil Society after Putin's Return to the Presidency"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a></i>. 24 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=Laws+of+Attrition%3A+Crackdown+on+Russia%27s+Civil+Society+after+Putin%27s+Return+to+the+Presidency&rft.date=2013-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnode%2F115059&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-protests-reaction/u-s-condemns-killings-of-egypt-protesters-turkey-wants-u-n-action-idUSBRE97D11920130814">"U.S. condemns killings of Egypt protesters, Turkey wants U.N. action"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 14 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=U.S.+condemns+killings+of+Egypt+protesters%2C+Turkey+wants+U.N.+action&rft.date=2013-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-egypt-protests-reaction%2Fu-s-condemns-killings-of-egypt-protesters-turkey-wants-u-n-action-idUSBRE97D11920130814&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/report/2014/08/12/all-according-plan/raba-massacre-and-mass-killings-protesters-egypt">"All According to Plan: The Rab'a Massacre and Mass Killings of Protesters in Egypt"</a>. <i>Human Rights Watch</i>. 12 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=All+According+to+Plan%3A+The+Rab%27a+Massacre+and+Mass+Killings+of+Protesters+in+Egypt&rft.date=2014-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Freport%2F2014%2F08%2F12%2Fall-according-plan%2Fraba-massacre-and-mass-killings-protesters-egypt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131204034615/http://www.theinformationdaily.com/2009/12/03/eus-new-high-representative-catherine-ashton-says-that-she-would-help-europe-punch-its-weight-politically">"EU's new High Representative Catherine Ashton says that she would help Europe 'punch its weight' politically"</a>. <i>The Information Daily</i>. 3 December 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theinformationdaily.com/2009/12/03/eus-new-high-representative-catherine-ashton-says-that-she-would-help-europe-punch-its-weight-politically">the original</a> on 4 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Information+Daily&rft.atitle=EU%27s+new+High+Representative+Catherine+Ashton+says+that+she+would+help+Europe+%27punch+its+weight%27+politically&rft.date=2009-12-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theinformationdaily.com%2F2009%2F12%2F03%2Feus-new-high-representative-catherine-ashton-says-that-she-would-help-europe-punch-its-weight-politically&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaterfieldKirkup2009" class="citation news cs1">Waterfield, Bruno & Kirkup, James (25 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/6653340/Baroness-Ashton-questioned-over-CND-and-Soviet-money.html">"Baroness Ashton questioned over CND and Soviet money"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Baroness+Ashton+questioned+over+CND+and+Soviet+money&rft.date=2009-11-25&rft.aulast=Waterfield&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rft.au=Kirkup%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F6653340%2FBaroness-Ashton-questioned-over-CND-and-Soviet-money.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-independent.co.uk-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-independent.co.uk_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-independent.co.uk_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-independent.co.uk_69-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMock2010" class="citation news cs1">Mock, Vanessa (16 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/french-sexism-blamed-for-attacks-on-baroness-ashton-1900548.html">"French 'sexism' blamed for attacks on Baroness Ashton"</a>. <i>The Independent</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=French+%27sexism%27+blamed+for+attacks+on+Baroness+Ashton&rft.date=2010-02-16&rft.aulast=Mock&rft.aufirst=Vanessa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ffrench-sexism-blamed-for-attacks-on-baroness-ashton-1900548.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharterKeeley2010" class="citation news cs1">Charter, David & Keeley, Graham (26 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604232329/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article7041984.ece">"Baroness Ashton under fire for missing European defence summit"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article7041984.ece">the original</a> on 4 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Baroness+Ashton+under+fire+for+missing+European+defence+summit&rft.date=2010-02-26&rft.aulast=Charter&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Keeley%2C+Graham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Farticle7041984.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDay2013" class="citation news cs1">Day, Elizabeth (4 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/aug/04/baroness-ashton-morsi-secret-meeting">"How Baroness Ashton's gift for consensus opened the door to Mohamed Morsi"</a>. <i>The Observer</i>. <q>There was even a damaging rumour that she turned off her phone every night at 8pm. Ashton's response: "I've never turned my phone off in four years ... I'm never out of reach, I'm never off duty and I never refuse to take messages unless I'm on a plane. It was a rumour that went around for reasons I don't understand. It's never been true."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=How+Baroness+Ashton%27s+gift+for+consensus+opened+the+door+to+Mohamed+Morsi&rft.date=2013-07-04&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2013%2Faug%2F04%2Fbaroness-ashton-morsi-secret-meeting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaterfield2011" class="citation news cs1">Waterfield, Bruno (9 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/eu/8314143/Baroness-Ashton-bottom-of-class-as-she-fails-first-year-in-office.html">"Baroness Ashton bottom of class as she 'fails' first year in office"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Baroness+Ashton+bottom+of+class+as+she+%27fails%27+first+year+in+office&rft.date=2011-02-09&rft.aulast=Waterfield&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Feu%2F8314143%2FBaroness-Ashton-bottom-of-class-as-she-fails-first-year-in-office.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuck2012" class="citation web cs1">Buck, Tobias (20 March 2012). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/ef399736-7281-11e1-9c23-00144feab49a.html">"Ashton slammed for Toulouse-Gaza link"</a></span>. <i>Financial Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/ef399736-7281-11e1-9c23-00144feab49a.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Ashton+slammed+for+Toulouse-Gaza+link&rft.date=2012-03-20&rft.aulast=Buck&rft.aufirst=Tobias&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fintl%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2Fef399736-7281-11e1-9c23-00144feab49a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShefler2012" class="citation news cs1">Shefler, Gil (20 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?id=262549">"Gunman kills four Jews outside French school"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Gunman+kills+four+Jews+outside+French+school&rft.date=2012-03-20&rft.aulast=Shefler&rft.aufirst=Gil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FInternational%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D262549&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/129054.pdf">"Speech by High Representative Catherine Ashton at the high-level conference Engaging youth—Palestine Refugees in the changing Middle East"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Council of the European Union</i>. 19 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Council+of+the+European+Union&rft.atitle=Speech+by+High+Representative+Catherine+Ashton+at+the+high-level+conference+Engaging+youth%E2%80%94Palestine+Refugees+in+the+changing+Middle+East&rft.date=2012-03-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.consilium.europa.eu%2Fuedocs%2Fcms_Data%2Fdocs%2Fpressdata%2FEN%2Fforaff%2F129054.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaterfield2012" class="citation news cs1">Waterfield, Bruno (20 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/9155477/Toulouse-school-shootings-Israel-demands-Baroness-Ashton-resign-after-she-compares-incident-to-Gaza.html">"Toulouse school shootings: Israel demands Baroness Ashton resign after she compares incident to Gaza"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Toulouse+school+shootings%3A+Israel+demands+Baroness+Ashton+resign+after+she+compares+incident+to+Gaza&rft.date=2012-03-20&rft.aulast=Waterfield&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Ffrance%2F9155477%2FToulouse-school-shootings-Israel-demands-Baroness-Ashton-resign-after-she-compares-incident-to-Gaza.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen_ZionFisher2012" class="citation news cs1">Ben Zion, Ilan & Fisher, Gabe (20 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/fm-ashton-comments-unworthy">"Netanyahu slams Ashton for 'unthinkable' comparison of deaths in Toulouse and Gaza"</a>. <i>The Times of Israel</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Netanyahu+slams+Ashton+for+%27unthinkable%27+comparison+of+deaths+in+Toulouse+and+Gaza&rft.date=2012-03-20&rft.aulast=Ben+Zion&rft.aufirst=Ilan&rft.au=Fisher%2C+Gabe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Ffm-ashton-comments-unworthy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4205635,00.html">"EU corrects Ashton speech transcript after Israeli anger"</a>. <i>YnetNews</i>. 20 March 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120822063454/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4205635,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=YnetNews&rft.atitle=EU+corrects+Ashton+speech+transcript+after+Israeli+anger&rft.date=2012-03-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-4205635%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaterfield2012" class="citation news cs1">Waterfield, Bruno (20 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/eu/9555578/Baroness-Ashton-absent-from-two-thirds-of-European-Commission-meetings.html">"Baroness Ashton absent from two-thirds of European Commission meetings"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Baroness+Ashton+absent+from+two-thirds+of+European+Commission+meetings&rft.date=2012-09-20&rft.aulast=Waterfield&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Feu%2F9555578%2FBaroness-Ashton-absent-from-two-thirds-of-European-Commission-meetings.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PSE-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PSE_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll2011" class="citation web cs1">Carroll, Dean (6 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120326111350/http://www.publicserviceeurope.com/article/811/catherine-ashton-for-a-second-term-at-the-eeas">"Catherine Ashton for a second term at the EEAS?"</a>. <i>Public Service Europe</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicserviceeurope.com/article/811/catherine-ashton-for-a-second-term-at-the-eeas">the original</a> on 26 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public+Service+Europe&rft.atitle=Catherine+Ashton+for+a+second+term+at+the+EEAS%3F&rft.date=2011-09-06&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Dean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicserviceeurope.com%2Farticle%2F811%2Fcatherine-ashton-for-a-second-term-at-the-eeas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRettman2010" class="citation web cs1">Rettman, Andrew (8 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://euobserver.com/?aid=29624">"Ashton throws down the gauntlet over Gaza trip"</a>. <i>EUobserver</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EUobserver&rft.atitle=Ashton+throws+down+the+gauntlet+over+Gaza+trip&rft.date=2010-03-08&rft.aulast=Rettman&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuobserver.com%2F%3Faid%3D29624&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmitzSchult2013" class="citation web cs1">Schmitz, Gregor Peter & Schult, Christoph (1 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/catherine-ashton-excells-in-western-talks-on-iran-nuclear-program-a-925514.html">"Europe's Unsung Chief Diplomat"</a>. <i>Spiegel Online International</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spiegel+Online+International&rft.atitle=Europe%27s+Unsung+Chief+Diplomat&rft.date=2013-10-01&rft.aulast=Schmitz&rft.aufirst=Gregor+Peter&rft.au=Schult%2C+Christoph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fworld%2Fcatherine-ashton-excells-in-western-talks-on-iran-nuclear-program-a-925514.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOborne2013" class="citation news cs1">Oborne, Peter (27 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927094252/http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/peteroborne/100238311/we-were-all-wrong-about-baroness-ashton-she-may-save-the-iran-nuclear-talks/">"We were all wrong about Baroness Ashton. She may save the Iran nuclear talks"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/peteroborne/100238311/we-were-all-wrong-about-baroness-ashton-she-may-save-the-iran-nuclear-talks/">the original</a> on 27 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=We+were+all+wrong+about+Baroness+Ashton.+She+may+save+the+Iran+nuclear+talks&rft.date=2013-09-27&rft.aulast=Oborne&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeteroborne%2F100238311%2Fwe-were-all-wrong-about-baroness-ashton-she-may-save-the-iran-nuclear-talks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2014" class="citation news cs1">Taylor, Paul (21 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/22/business/international/european-union-has-a-strange-way-of-picking-leaders.html">"The European Union's Strange Path to Picking Leaders"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+European+Union%27s+Strange+Path+to+Picking+Leaders&rft.date=2014-07-21&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F07%2F22%2Fbusiness%2Finternational%2Feuropean-union-has-a-strange-way-of-picking-leaders.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoulton2014" class="citation news cs1">Boulton, Adam (13 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/dave-seeks-a-big-woman-to-fill-baroness-brussels-big-shoes-9b83fjcx3d9">"Dave seeks a 'big woman' to fill Baroness Brussels' big shoes"</a>. <i>The Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Dave+seeks+a+%27big+woman%27+to+fill+Baroness+Brussels%27+big+shoes&rft.date=2014-07-13&rft.aulast=Boulton&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fdave-seeks-a-big-woman-to-fill-baroness-brussels-big-shoes-9b83fjcx3d9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yougov.co.uk/people/peter.kellner/">"YouGov – Peter Kellner"</a>. <i>YouGov.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouGov.co.uk&rft.atitle=YouGov+%E2%80%93+Peter+Kellner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyougov.co.uk%2Fpeople%2Fpeter.kellner%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Independent_-_The_quiet_diplomat:-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Independent_-_The_quiet_diplomat:_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcSmith2014" class="citation news cs1">McSmith, Andy (7 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/the-quiet-diplomat-catherine-ashton--recognised-and-admired-in-all-the-worlds-troubled-countries-yet-ridiculed-at-home-9177573.html">"The quiet diplomat: Catherine Ashton – recognised and admired in all the world's troubled countries, yet ridiculed at home"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. London, UK<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=The+quiet+diplomat%3A+Catherine+Ashton+%E2%80%93+recognised+and+admired+in+all+the+world%27s+troubled+countries%2C+yet+ridiculed+at+home&rft.date=2014-03-07&rft.aulast=McSmith&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fprofiles%2Fthe-quiet-diplomat-catherine-ashton--recognised-and-admired-in-all-the-worlds-troubled-countries-yet-ridiculed-at-home-9177573.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eandtbooks.com/books/and-then-what/"><i>And Then What? Inside Stories of 21st-Century Diplomacy</i></a>. London: Elliott & Thompson. 2 February 2023. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781783966349" title="Special:BookSources/9781783966349"><bdi>9781783966349</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=And+Then+What%3F+Inside+Stories+of+21st-Century+Diplomacy&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Elliott+%26+Thompson&rft.date=2023-02-02&rft.isbn=9781783966349&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feandtbooks.com%2Fbooks%2Fand-then-what%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130422124649/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b007qlvb/features/power-list-100">"Woman's Hour: The Power List 2013"</a>. <i>BBC Radio 4</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b007qlvb/features/power-list-100">the original</a> on 22 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Radio+4&rft.atitle=Woman%27s+Hour%3A+The+Power+List+2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb007qlvb%2Ffeatures%2Fpower-list-100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alumni_Newsletter-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alumni_Newsletter_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110218234730/http://www.uel.ac.uk/alumni/newsletter/december2005.htm">"UEL students celebrate success at graduation ceremonies"</a>. <i>UEL Alumni Newsletter</i>. December 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uel.ac.uk/alumni/newsletter/december2005.htm">the original</a> on 18 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UEL+Alumni+Newsletter&rft.atitle=UEL+students+celebrate+success+at+graduation+ceremonies&rft.date=2005-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uel.ac.uk%2Falumni%2Fnewsletter%2Fdecember2005.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette64041" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/64041/page/8746">"No. 64041"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 2 May 2023. p. 8746.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+64041&rft.pages=8746&rft.date=2023-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F64041%2Fpage%2F8746&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teraz.sk/slovensko/prezident-kiska-ashtonova-vyznamenanie/90138-clanok.html">"Prezident A. Kiska udelil štátne vyznamenanie Catherine Ashtonovej"</a> [President A. Kiska awarded the state decoration to Catherine Ashton]. <i>TERAZ.sk</i> (in Slovak). 1 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TERAZ.sk&rft.atitle=Prezident+A.+Kiska+udelil+%C5%A1t%C3%A1tne+vyznamenanie+Catherine+Ashtonovej&rft.date=2014-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.teraz.sk%2Fslovensko%2Fprezident-kiska-ashtonova-vyznamenanie%2F90138-clanok.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royal.uk/court-circular?text=Baroness+Ashton+of+Upholland&mrf=&date%5Bmin%5D%5Bdate%5D=01%2F05%2F2019&date%5Bmax%5D%5Bdate%5D=31%2F05%2F2019&id=">"Court Circular"</a>. <i>The Royal Household</i>. 30 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Royal+Household&rft.atitle=Court+Circular&rft.date=2019-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.uk%2Fcourt-circular%3Ftext%3DBaroness%2BAshton%2Bof%2BUpholland%26mrf%3D%26date%255Bmin%255D%255Bdate%255D%3D01%252F05%252F2019%26date%255Bmax%255D%255Bdate%255D%3D31%252F05%252F2019%26id%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette63615" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/63615/page/2554">"No. 63615"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 14 February 2022. p. 2554.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+63615&rft.pages=2554&rft.date=2022-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F63615%2Fpage%2F2554&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-65503950">"Coronation order of service in full"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 5 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Coronation+order+of+service+in+full&rft.date=2023-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-65503950&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Catherine_Ashton" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Catherine Ashton">Catherine Ashton</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100819022043/http://ec.europa.eu/avservices/2010/mediaGallery.cfm?sitelang=en&gallery=yes#9270">"EU Vice President Catherine Ashton, Official Media Gallery"</a>. <i>European Commission</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/avservices/2010/mediaGallery.cfm?sitelang=en&gallery=yes#9270">the original</a> on 19 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Commission&rft.atitle=EU+Vice+President+Catherine+Ashton%2C+Official+Media+Gallery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Favservices%2F2010%2FmediaGallery.cfm%3Fsitelang%3Den%26gallery%3Dyes%239270&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_2004-2009/ashton/index_en.htm">"Catherine Ashton, European Commissioner for Trade"</a>. <i>European Commission</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Commission&rft.atitle=Catherine+Ashton%2C+European+Commissioner+for+Trade&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Farchives%2Fcommission_2004-2009%2Fashton%2Findex_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110303134945/http://www.consilium.europa.eu/showPage.aspx?id=1847&lang=en">"High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy"</a>. <i>Council of the European Union</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consilium.europa.eu/showPage.aspx?id=1847&lang=en">the original</a> on 3 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Council+of+the+European+Union&rft.atitle=High+Representative+of+the+Union+for+Foreign+Affairs+and+Security+Policy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.consilium.europa.eu%2FshowPage.aspx%3Fid%3D1847%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110609083551/http://www.dca.gov.uk/dept/changprog/member_bashton.htm">"Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State"</a>. <i>Department for Constitutional Affairs</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dca.gov.uk/dept/changprog/member_bashton.htm">the original</a> on 9 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+for+Constitutional+Affairs&rft.atitle=Parliamentary+Under-Secretary+of+State&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dca.gov.uk%2Fdept%2Fchangprog%2Fmember_bashton.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199899/minutes/991020/ldminute.htm">"Minutes of proceedings"</a>. <i>House of Lords</i>. 20 October 1999.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=House+of+Lords&rft.atitle=Minutes+of+proceedings&rft.date=1999-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fld199899%2Fminutes%2F991020%2Fldminute.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8369392.stm">"Profile: EU foreign minister Baroness Ashton"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 6 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+EU+foreign+minister+Baroness+Ashton&rft.date=2010-12-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F8369392.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150213005943/http://www.debretts.com/people-of-today/profile/25076/Catherine-Margaret-Ashton-ASHTON-OF-UPHOLLAND">"Catherine Margaret Ashton, Ashton of Upholland"</a>. <i>Debrett's People of Today</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debretts.com/people-of-today/profile/25076/Catherine-Margaret-Ashton-ASHTON-OF-UPHOLLAND">the original</a> on 13 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Debrett%27s+People+of+Today&rft.atitle=Catherine+Margaret+Ashton%2C+Ashton+of+Upholland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.com%2Fpeople-of-today%2Fprofile%2F25076%2FCatherine-Margaret-Ashton-ASHTON-OF-UPHOLLAND&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Ashton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/biographies/catherine-ashton/26718">Profile</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/ms-catherine-ashton">Contributions in Parliament</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Hansard</a> 1803–2005</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publicwhip.org.uk/mp.php?mpn=Baroness_Ashton_of_Upholland">Voting record</a> at <a href="/wiki/PublicWhip.org" class="mw-redirect" title="PublicWhip.org">PublicWhip.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theyworkforyou.com/peer/baroness_ashton_of_upholland">Record in Parliament</a> at <a href="/wiki/TheyWorkForYou" title="TheyWorkForYou">TheyWorkForYou.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/democracylive/hi/representatives/profiles/26718.stm">Profile</a> at <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> Democracy Live</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journalisted.com/catherine-ashton">Articles authored</a> at <a href="/wiki/Journalisted" class="mw-redirect" title="Journalisted">Journalisted</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?9276407">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/topics/person/catherine-ashton.html">Catherine Ashton</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera English</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/lady-ashton">Lady Ashton</a> collected news and commentary at <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105667#P3106" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/topic/Catherine_Ashton">Catherine Ashton</a> collected news and commentary at <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/a/catherine_ashton/index.html">Catherine Ashton</a> collected news and commentary at <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Amos,_Baroness_Amos" title="Valerie Amos, Baroness Amos">The Baroness Amos</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_in_the_House_of_Lords" title="Leader of the Labour Party in the House of Lords">Leader of the Labour Party in the House of Lords</a> </b><br />2007–2008 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Royall,_Baroness_Royall_of_Blaisdon" title="Janet Royall, Baroness Royall of Blaisdon">The Baroness Royall of Blaisdon</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Amos,_Baroness_Amos" title="Valerie Amos, Baroness Amos">The Baroness Amos</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Lords" title="Leader of the House of Lords">Leader of the House of Lords</a> </b><br />2007–2008 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Royall,_Baroness_Royall_of_Blaisdon" title="Janet Royall, Baroness Royall of Blaisdon">The Baroness Royall of Blaisdon</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Council" title="Lord President of the Council">Lord President of the Council</a> </b><br />2007–2008 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mandelson" title="Peter Mandelson">Peter Mandelson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Commissioners_by_nationality#United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of European Commissioners by nationality">British European Commissioner</a> </b><br />2008–2014 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Hill,_Baron_Hill_of_Oareford" title="Jonathan Hill, Baron Hill of Oareford">Jonathan Hill</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Trade" title="European Commissioner for Trade">European Commissioner for Trade</a> </b><br />2008–2009 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Benita_Ferrero-Waldner" title="Benita Ferrero-Waldner">Benita Ferrero-Waldner</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Javier_Solana" title="Javier Solana">Javier Solana</a></div><i><b>as High Representative for Common Foreign and Security Policy </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy</a> </b><br />2009–2014 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Federica_Mogherini" title="Federica Mogherini">Federica Mogherini</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Margot_Wallstr%C3%B6m" title="Margot Wallström">Margot Wallström</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/First_Vice-President_of_the_European_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="First Vice-President of the European Commission">First Vice-President of the European Commission</a> </b><br />2010–2014 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frans_Timmermans" title="Frans Timmermans">Frans Timmermans</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lambert" title="Richard Lambert">Sir Richard Lambert</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick#Chancellors_of_the_University" title="University of Warwick">Chancellor of the University of Warwick</a> </b><br />2017–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Incumbent</b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Brown_Cabinet" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Brown_Cabinet" title="Template:Brown Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Brown_Cabinet" title="Template talk:Brown Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Brown_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Brown Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Brown_Cabinet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Brown_ministry" title="Brown ministry">Brown Cabinet</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cabinet members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Adonis,_Baron_Adonis" title="Andrew Adonis, Baron Adonis">Lord Adonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Ainsworth" title="Bob Ainsworth">Bob Ainsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Alexander" title="Douglas Alexander">Douglas Alexander</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Baroness Ashton of Upholland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Balls" title="Ed Balls">Ed Balls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_Benn" title="Hilary Benn">Hilary Benn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazel_Blears" title="Hazel Blears">Hazel Blears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Bradshaw" title="Ben Bradshaw">Ben Bradshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Browne" title="Des Browne">Des Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Byrne" title="Liam Byrne">Liam Byrne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Burnham" title="Andy Burnham">Andy Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvette_Cooper" title="Yvette Cooper">Yvette Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Darling" title="Alistair Darling">Alistair Darling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Denham_(politician)" title="John Denham (politician)">John Denham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hain" title="Peter Hain">Peter Hain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harriet Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Hoon" title="Geoff Hoon">Geoff Hoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hutton,_Baron_Hutton_of_Furness" title="John Hutton, Baron Hutton of Furness">John Hutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Johnson" title="Alan Johnson">Alan Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tessa_Jowell" title="Tessa Jowell">Tessa Jowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Kelly" title="Ruth Kelly">Ruth Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mandelson" title="Peter Mandelson">Lord Mandelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Miliband" title="David Miliband">David Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Miliband" title="Ed Miliband">Ed Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Murphy" title="Jim Murphy">Jim Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Murphy,_Baron_Murphy_of_Torfaen" title="Paul Murphy, Baron Murphy of Torfaen">Paul Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Purnell" title="James Purnell">James Purnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Royall,_Baroness_Royall_of_Blaisdon" title="Janet Royall, Baroness Royall of Blaisdon">Baroness Royall of Blaisdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqui_Smith" title="Jacqui Smith">Jacqui Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Straw" title="Jack Straw">Jack Straw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_Woodward" title="Shaun Woodward">Shaun Woodward</a></li></ul></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(HM_Government)_(St_Edwards_Crown).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Government Coat of Arms." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/100px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/150px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/200px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="1256" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Also attended meetings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Margaret Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Brown" title="Nick Brown">Nick Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Drayson,_Baron_Drayson" title="Paul Drayson, Baron Drayson">Lord Drayson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Flint" title="Caroline Flint">Caroline Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Grocott,_Baron_Grocott" title="Bruce Grocott, Baron Grocott">Lord Grocott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Healey_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Healey (politician)">John Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Knight" title="Jim Knight">Jim Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Malloch_Brown,_Baron_Malloch-Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Malloch Brown, Baron Malloch-Brown">Lord Malloch-Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_McFadden" title="Pat McFadden">Pat McFadden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_McNulty" title="Tony McNulty">Tony McNulty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Scotland" title="Patricia Scotland">Baroness Scotland of Asthal</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attended while on agenda</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beverley_Hughes" title="Beverley Hughes">Beverley Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadiq_Khan" title="Sadiq Khan">Sadiq Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_Primarolo" title="Dawn Primarolo">Dawn Primarolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosie_Winterton" title="Rosie Winterton">Rosie Winterton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Barroso_Commission_I_(2004–2009)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_Barroso_Commission" title="Template:First Barroso Commission"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_Barroso_Commission" title="Template talk:First Barroso Commission"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_Barroso_Commission" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First Barroso Commission"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Barroso_Commission_I_(2004–2009)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Barroso_Commission" title="Barroso Commission">Barroso Commission</a> I (2004–2009)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Almunia" title="Joaquín Almunia">Joaquín Almunia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Catherine Ashton</a><sup>6</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Barroso" title="José Manuel Barroso">José Manuel Barroso</a></b><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Barrot" title="Jacques Barrot">Jacques Barrot</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Borg" title="Joe Borg">Joe Borg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karel_De_Gucht" title="Karel De Gucht">Karel De Gucht</a><sup>9</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stavros_Dimas" title="Stavros Dimas">Stavros Dimas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benita_Ferrero-Waldner" title="Benita Ferrero-Waldner">Benita Ferrero-Waldner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1n_Fige%C4%BE" title="Ján Figeľ">Ján Figeľ</a><sup>10</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Frattini" title="Franco Frattini">Franco Frattini</a><sup>2, 5</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariann_Fischer_Boel" title="Mariann Fischer Boel">Mariann Fischer Boel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalia_Grybauskait%C4%97" title="Dalia Grybauskaitė">Dalia Grybauskaitė</a><sup>7</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danuta_H%C3%BCbner" title="Danuta Hübner">Danuta Hübner</a><sup>8</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siim_Kallas" title="Siim Kallas">Siim Kallas</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Kov%C3%A1cs_(politician)" title="László Kovács (politician)">László Kovács</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neelie_Kroes" title="Neelie Kroes">Neelie Kroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meglena_Kuneva" title="Meglena Kuneva">Meglena Kuneva</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markos_Kyprianou" title="Markos Kyprianou">Markos Kyprianou</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mandelson" title="Peter Mandelson">Peter Mandelson</a><sup>6</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_McCreevy" title="Charlie McCreevy">Charlie McCreevy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Michel" title="Louis Michel">Louis Michel</a><sup>9</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Orban" title="Leonard Orban">Leonard Orban</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andris_Piebalgs" title="Andris Piebalgs">Andris Piebalgs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janez_Poto%C4%8Dnik" title="Janez Potočnik">Janez Potočnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viviane_Reding" title="Viviane Reding">Viviane Reding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olli_Rehn" title="Olli Rehn">Olli Rehn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawe%C5%82_Samecki" title="Paweł Samecki">Paweł Samecki</a><sup>8</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maro%C5%A1_%C5%A0ef%C4%8Dovi%C4%8D" title="Maroš Šefčovič">Maroš Šefčovič</a><sup>10</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algirdas_%C5%A0emeta" title="Algirdas Šemeta">Algirdas Šemeta</a><sup>7</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladim%C3%ADr_%C5%A0pidla" title="Vladimír Špidla">Vladimír Špidla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tajani" title="Antonio Tajani">Antonio Tajani</a><sup>2, 5</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androulla_Vassiliou" title="Androulla Vassiliou">Androulla Vassiliou</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Verheugen" title="Günter Verheugen">Günter Verheugen</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margot_Wallstr%C3%B6m" title="Margot Wallström">Margot Wallström</a><sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size:smaller;"><div>1 = <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President</a>. 2 = <a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Commission" title="Vice-President of the European Commission">Vice President</a>. 3 = Served from 1 January 2007. 4 = Vassiliou replaced Kyprianou on 3 March 2008. 5 = Tajani replaced Frattini on 18 June 2008. 6 = Ashton replaced Mandelson on 3 October 2008. 7 = Šemeta replaced Grybauskaitė on 1 July 2009. 8 = Samecki replaced Hübner on 4 July 2009. 9 = De Gucht replaced Michel on 17 July 2009. 10 = Šefčovič replaced Figeľ on 1 October 2009.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Barroso_Commission_II_(2009–2014)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Second_Barroso_Commission" title="Template:Second Barroso Commission"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Second_Barroso_Commission" title="Template talk:Second Barroso Commission"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Second_Barroso_Commission" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Second Barroso Commission"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Barroso_Commission_II_(2009–2014)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Barroso_Commission" title="Barroso Commission">Barroso Commission</a> II (2009–2014)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">Foreign Affairs and Security Policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Catherine Ashton</a><sup>1</sup> (2010–14)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="27" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jose_Manuel_Barroso,_EU-kommissionens_ordforande,_under_ett_mote_i_Folketinget_2006-05-19_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jose Manuel Barroso, 12th President of the European Commission"><img alt="Jose Manuel Barroso, 12th President of the European Commission" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Jose_Manuel_Barroso%2C_EU-kommissionens_ordforande%2C_under_ett_mote_i_Folketinget_2006-05-19_%281%29.jpg/100px-Jose_Manuel_Barroso%2C_EU-kommissionens_ordforande%2C_under_ett_mote_i_Folketinget_2006-05-19_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Jose_Manuel_Barroso%2C_EU-kommissionens_ordforande%2C_under_ett_mote_i_Folketinget_2006-05-19_%281%29.jpg/150px-Jose_Manuel_Barroso%2C_EU-kommissionens_ordforande%2C_under_ett_mote_i_Folketinget_2006-05-19_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Jose_Manuel_Barroso%2C_EU-kommissionens_ordforande%2C_under_ett_mote_i_Folketinget_2006-05-19_%281%29.jpg/200px-Jose_Manuel_Barroso%2C_EU-kommissionens_ordforande%2C_under_ett_mote_i_Folketinget_2006-05-19_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Justice,_Fundamental_Rights_and_Citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship">Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viviane_Reding" title="Viviane Reding">Viviane Reding</a><sup>2</sup> (2010–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martine_Reicherts" title="Martine Reicherts">Martine Reicherts</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Competition" title="European Commissioner for Competition">Competition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Almunia" title="Joaquín Almunia">Joaquín Almunia</a><sup>2</sup> (2010–14)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Transport" title="European Commissioner for Transport">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siim_Kallas" title="Siim Kallas">Siim Kallas</a><sup>2</sup> (2010–14)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Digital_Agenda" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Digital Agenda">Digital Agenda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neelie_Kroes" title="Neelie Kroes">Neelie Kroes</a><sup>2</sup> (2010–14)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Industry_and_Entrepreneurship" title="European Commissioner for Industry and Entrepreneurship">Industry and Entrepreneurship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tajani" title="Antonio Tajani">Antonio Tajani</a><sup>2</sup> (2010–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_Nelli_Feroci" title="Ferdinando Nelli Feroci">Ferdinando Nelli Feroci</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Inter-Institutional_Relations_and_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Inter-Institutional Relations and Administration">Inter-Institutional Relations and Administration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maro%C5%A1_%C5%A0ef%C4%8Dovi%C4%8D" title="Maroš Šefčovič">Maroš Šefčovič</a><sup>2</sup> (2010–14)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Economic_and_Monetary_Affairs_and_the_Euro" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro">Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olli_Rehn" title="Olli Rehn">Olli Rehn</a><sup>2</sup> (2010–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyrki_Katainen" title="Jyrki Katainen">Jyrki Katainen</a><sup>2</sup> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_the_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for the Environment">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janez_Poto%C4%8Dnik" title="Janez Potočnik">Janez Potočnik</a> (2010–14)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Development">Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andris_Piebalgs" title="Andris Piebalgs">Andris Piebalgs</a> (2010–14)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Internal_Market_and_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Internal Market and Services">Internal Market and Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Barnier" title="Michel Barnier">Michel Barnier</a><sup>2</sup> (2010–14)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Education,_Culture,_Multilingualism_and_Youth" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth">Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androulla_Vassiliou" title="Androulla Vassiliou">Androulla Vassiliou</a> (2010–14)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Taxation_and_Customs_Union,_Audit_and_Anti-Fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud">Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algirdas_%C5%A0emeta" title="Algirdas Šemeta">Algirdas Šemeta</a> (2010–14)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Trade" title="European Commissioner for Trade">Trade</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karel_De_Gucht" title="Karel De Gucht">Karel De Gucht</a> (2010–14)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Health_and_Consumer_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Health and Consumer Policy">Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Dalli" title="John Dalli">John Dalli</a> (2010-12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonio_Borg" title="Tonio Borg">Tonio Borg</a> (2012–14)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Research,_Innovation_and_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science">Research, Innovation and Science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1ire_Geoghegan-Quinn" title="Máire Geoghegan-Quinn">Máire Geoghegan-Quinn</a> (2010–14)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Financial_Programming_and_the_Budget" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Financial Programming and the Budget">Financial Programming and the Budget</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_Lewandowski" title="Janusz Lewandowski">Janusz Lewandowski</a> (2010–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacek_Dominik" title="Jacek Dominik">Jacek Dominik</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Maritime_Affairs_and_Fisheries" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries">Maritime Affairs and Fisheries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Damanaki" title="Maria Damanaki">Maria Damanaki</a> (2010–14)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_International_Cooperation,_Humanitarian_Aid_and_Crisis_Response" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response">International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kristalina_Georgieva" title="Kristalina Georgieva">Kristalina Georgieva</a> (2010–14)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Energy" title="European Commissioner for Energy">Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Oettinger" title="Günther Oettinger">Günther Oettinger</a><sup>2</sup> (2010–14)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Regional_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Regional Policy">Regional Policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Hahn" title="Johannes Hahn">Johannes Hahn</a> (2010–14)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Climate_Action" title="European Commissioner for Climate Action">Climate Action</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connie_Hedegaard" title="Connie Hedegaard">Connie Hedegaard</a> (2010–14)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Enlargement_and_European_Neighbourhood_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy">Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0tefan_F%C3%BCle" title="Štefan Füle">Štefan Füle</a> (2010–14)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Employment,_Social_Affairs_and_Inclusion" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion">Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Andor" title="László Andor">László Andor</a> (2010–14)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Home_Affairs" title="European Commissioner for Home Affairs">Home Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Malmstr%C3%B6m" title="Cecilia Malmström">Cecilia Malmström</a> (2010–14)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Agriculture_and_Rural_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Agriculture and Rural Development">Agriculture and Rural Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_Ciolo%C8%99" title="Dacian Cioloș">Dacian Cioloș</a> (2010–14)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Health_and_Consumer_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Health and Consumer Policy">Consumer Policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neven_Mimica" title="Neven Mimica">Neven Mimica</a> (2013–14)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>1 = <small><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Commission" title="Vice-President of the European Commission">First Vice President</a>.</small> 2 = <small><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Commission" title="Vice-President of the European Commission">Vice President</a>.</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Commissioners_from_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Commissioners_from_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:European Commissioners from the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Commissioners_from_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:European Commissioners from the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Commissioners_from_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Commissioners from the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Commissioners_from_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Commissioners_by_nationality#United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of European Commissioners by nationality">European Commissioners from the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Soames" title="Christopher Soames">Soames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Thomson,_Baron_Thomson_of_Monifieth" title="George Thomson, Baron Thomson of Monifieth">Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tugendhat,_Baron_Tugendhat" title="Christopher Tugendhat, Baron Tugendhat">Tugendhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivor_Richard" title="Ivor Richard">Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Clinton-Davis,_Baron_Clinton-Davis" title="Stanley Clinton-Davis, Baron Clinton-Davis">Clinton-Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cockfield,_Baron_Cockfield" title="Arthur Cockfield, Baron Cockfield">Cockfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Brittan" title="Leon Brittan">Brittan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Millan" title="Bruce Millan">Millan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock">Kinnock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Patten" title="Chris Patten">Patten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mandelson" title="Peter Mandelson">Mandelson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ashton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Hill,_Baron_Hill_of_Oareford" title="Jonathan Hill, Baron Hill of Oareford">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_King_(diplomat)" title="Julian King (diplomat)">King</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/113px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/75px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/113px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/150px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Commissioners_for_Trade" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Commissioner_for_Trade" title="Template:European Commissioner for Trade"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Commissioner_for_Trade" title="Template talk:European Commissioner for Trade"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Commissioner_for_Trade" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Commissioner for Trade"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Commissioners_for_Trade" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Trade" title="European Commissioner for Trade">European Commissioners for Trade</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Rey_(politician)" title="Jean Rey (politician)">Rey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Deniau" title="Jean-François Deniau">Deniau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralf_Dahrendorf" title="Ralf Dahrendorf">Dahrendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Soames" title="Christopher Soames">Soames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Haferkamp" title="Wilhelm Haferkamp">Haferkamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_De_Clercq" title="Willy De Clercq">De Clercq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frans_Andriessen" title="Frans Andriessen">Andriessen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Brittan" title="Leon Brittan">Brittan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Lamy" title="Pascal Lamy">Lamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danuta_H%C3%BCbner" title="Danuta Hübner">Hübner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mandelson" title="Peter Mandelson">Mandelson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ashton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benita_Ferrero-Waldner" title="Benita Ferrero-Waldner">Ferrero-Waldner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karel_De_Gucht" title="Karel De Gucht">De Gucht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Malmstr%C3%B6m" title="Cecilia Malmström">Malmström</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Hogan" title="Phil Hogan">Hogan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/75px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/113px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/150px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_members_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" title="Template:Members of the Order of the Garter"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Members_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" title="Template talk:Members of the Order of the Garter"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Members_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Members of the Order of the Garter"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_members_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_knights_and_ladies_of_the_Garter" title="List of current knights and ladies of the Garter">Current members of the Order of the Garter</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Sovereign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">The King</a> (<i>ex officio</i>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Most_Noble_Order_of_the_Garter.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Arms_of_the_Most_Noble_Order_of_the_Garter.svg/80px-Arms_of_the_Most_Noble_Order_of_the_Garter.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Arms_of_the_Most_Noble_Order_of_the_Garter.svg/120px-Arms_of_the_Most_Noble_Order_of_the_Garter.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Arms_of_the_Most_Noble_Order_of_the_Garter.svg/160px-Arms_of_the_Most_Noble_Order_of_the_Garter.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="774" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Royal Knights<br />and Ladies (Companion)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Kent" title="Prince Edward, Duke of Kent">The Duke of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal" title="Anne, Princess Royal">The Princess Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Richard,_Duke_of_Gloucester" title="Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester">The Duke of Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Alexandra,_The_Honourable_Lady_Ogilvy" title="Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy">Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Andrew,_Duke_of_York" title="Prince Andrew, Duke of York">The Duke of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh">The Duke of Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">The Prince of Wales</a> (<i>ex officio</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Camilla" title="Queen Camilla">The Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birgitte,_Duchess_of_Gloucester" title="Birgitte, Duchess of Gloucester">The Duchess of Gloucester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Stranger Knights<br />and Ladies Companion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margrethe_II" title="Margrethe II">Queen Margrethe II of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_XVI_Gustaf" title="Carl XVI Gustaf">The King of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I" title="Juan Carlos I">King Juan Carlos I of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands" title="Beatrix of the Netherlands">Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akihito" title="Akihito">Emperor Akihito of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_V" title="Harald V">The King of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">The King of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">The King of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">The Emperor of Japan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Knights and Ladies<br />Companion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Hamilton,_5th_Duke_of_Abercorn" title="James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Abercorn">The Duke of Abercorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Butler,_Baron_Butler_of_Brockwell" title="Robin Butler, Baron Butler of Brockwell">The Lord Butler of Brockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Sir John Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Luce,_Baron_Luce" title="Richard Luce, Baron Luce">The Lord Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dunne_(Lord_Lieutenant)" title="Thomas Dunne (Lord Lieutenant)">Sir Thomas Dunne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Phillips,_Baron_Phillips_of_Worth_Matravers" title="Nick Phillips, Baron Phillips of Worth Matravers">The Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jock_Stirrup" title="Jock Stirrup">The Lord Stirrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliza_Manningham-Buller" title="Eliza Manningham-Buller">The Baroness Manningham-Buller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mervyn_King,_Baron_King_of_Lothbury" title="Mervyn King, Baron King of Lothbury">The Lord King of Lothbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kay-Shuttleworth,_5th_Baron_Shuttleworth" title="Charles Kay-Shuttleworth, 5th Baron Shuttleworth">The Lord Shuttleworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Fagan" title="Mary Fagan">Lady Mary Fagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Brooke,_3rd_Viscount_Brookeborough" title="Alan Brooke, 3rd Viscount Brookeborough">The Viscount Brookeborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Peters_(athlete)" title="Mary Peters (athlete)">Lady Mary Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_7th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury">The Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Amos,_Baroness_Amos" title="Valerie Amos, Baroness Amos">The Baroness Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Sir Tony Blair</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Baroness Ashton of Upholland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Patten" title="Chris Patten">The Lord Patten of Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Peach" title="Stuart Peach">The Lord Peach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajay_Kakkar,_Baron_Kakkar" title="Ajay Kakkar, Baron Kakkar">The Lord Kakkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">The Lord Lloyd-Webber</a></li> <li>3 vacancies</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Mounstephen" title="Philip Mounstephen">Philip Mounstephen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Winchester" title="Bishop of Winchester">Bishop of Winchester</a> (Prelate, <i>ex officio</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliza_Manningham-Buller" title="Eliza Manningham-Buller">The Baroness Manningham-Buller</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" title="Chancellor of the Order of the Garter">Chancellor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cocksworth" title="Christopher Cocksworth">Dr Christopher Cocksworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dean_of_Windsor" title="Dean of Windsor">Dean of Windsor</a> (Register, <i>ex officio</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_White_(officer_of_arms)" title="David White (officer of arms)">David White</a> (<a href="/wiki/Garter_Principal_King_of_Arms" title="Garter Principal King of Arms">Garter King of Arms</a>, <i>ex officio</i>)</li> <li>Stephen Segrave (Secretary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Clarke_(Black_Rod)" title="Sarah Clarke (Black Rod)">Sarah Clarke</a> (<a href="/wiki/Black_Rod" title="Black Rod">Black Rod</a>, <i>ex officio</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="High_Representative_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy_of_the_European_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:High_Representative_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Template:High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy of the European Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:High_Representative_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy of the European Union (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:High_Representative_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy of the European Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="High_Representative_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy_of_the_European_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy" title="Common Foreign and Security Policy">Common Foreign and Security Policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Trumpf" title="Jürgen Trumpf">Jürgen Trumpf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Solana" title="Javier Solana">Javier Solana</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Europe"><img alt="Flag of Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/50px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/75px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/100px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign Affairs and Security Policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Catherine Ashton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federica_Mogherini" title="Federica Mogherini">Federica Mogherini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">Josep Borrell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Labour_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Template:Labour Party (UK)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Template talk:Labour Party (UK)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Labour Party (UK)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Labour_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Labour Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="History of the Labour Party (UK)">History of the Labour Party</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Electoral history of the Labour Party (UK)">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Labour_Party_(UK)_general_election_manifestos" title="List of Labour Party (UK) general election manifestos">General election manifestos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_socialist_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom">History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliamentary_Labour_Party" title="European Parliamentary Labour Party">European Parliamentary Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Labour_Party_(1888)" title="Scottish Labour Party (1888)">Scottish Labour Party (1888)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Labour_Party" title="Independent Labour Party">Independent Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Representation_Committee_(1900)" title="Labour Representation Committee (1900)">Labour Representation Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladstone%E2%80%93MacDonald_pact" title="Gladstone–MacDonald pact">Gladstone–MacDonald pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Labour_Organisation" title="National Labour Organisation">National Labour Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Independent_Group" title="Labour Independent Group">Labour Independent Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Democratic_Socialism" title="Campaign for Democratic Socialism">Campaign for Democratic Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lib%E2%80%93Lab_pact" title="Lib–Lab pact">Lib–Lab pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)#Creation_of_the_SDP" title="Social Democratic Party (UK)">Formation of SDP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four_(SDP)" title="Gang of Four (SDP)">Gang of Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limehouse_Declaration" title="Limehouse Declaration">Limehouse Declaration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militant_tendency" title="Militant tendency">Militant tendency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_longest_suicide_note_in_history" title="The longest suicide note in history">The longest suicide note in history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_more_heave" title="One more heave">One more heave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Labour" title="New Labour">New Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony%27s_Cronies" title="Tony's Cronies">Tony's Cronies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Labour" title="Blue Labour">Blue Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Nation_Labour" title="One Nation Labour">One Nation Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakrabarti_Inquiry" title="Chakrabarti Inquiry">Chakrabarti Inquiry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Leadership" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leadership</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Labour Party (UK)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Hardie" title="Keir Hardie">Hardie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Barnes_(British_politician)" title="George Barnes (British politician)">Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Adamson" title="William Adamson">Adamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">Clynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">Brown</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock">Kinnock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Labour_Party_leader)" title="John Smith (Labour Party leader)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Beckett</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Miliband" title="Ed Miliband">Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Deputy Leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">Clynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Graham_(Edinburgh_MP)" title="William Graham (Edinburgh MP)">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Griffiths" title="Jim Griffiths">Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Bevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Short,_Baron_Glenamara" title="Edward Short, Baron Glenamara">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Healey" title="Denis Healey">Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Hattersley" title="Roy Hattersley">Hattersley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Watson,_Baron_Watson_of_Wyre_Forest" title="Tom Watson, Baron Watson of Wyre Forest">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" title="Angela Rayner">Rayner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Labour_Party" title="General Secretary of the Labour Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">General Secretaries</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Middleton_(political_organiser)" title="James Middleton (political organiser)">Middleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Phillips" title="Morgan Phillips">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Williams_(politician)" title="Leonard Williams (politician)">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Barker" title="Sara Barker">Barker</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Nicholas" title="Harry Nicholas">Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Hayward" title="Ron Hayward">Hayward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Mortimer" title="Jim Mortimer">Mortimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Whitty,_Baron_Whitty" title="Larry Whitty, Baron Whitty">Whitty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Sawyer,_Baron_Sawyer" title="Tom Sawyer, Baron Sawyer">Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_McDonagh,_Baroness_McDonagh" title="Margaret McDonagh, Baroness McDonagh">McDonagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Triesman,_Baron_Triesman" title="David Triesman, Baron Triesman">Triesman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Carter_(politician)" title="Matt Carter (politician)">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Watt" title="Peter Watt">Watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Collins,_Baron_Collins_of_Highbury" title="Ray Collins, Baron Collins of Highbury">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_McNicol" title="Iain McNicol">McNicol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennie_Formby" title="Jennie Formby">Formby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Evans_(political_official)" title="David Evans (political official)">Evans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_the_Labour_Party" title="Treasurer of the Labour Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Treasurers</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lathan" title="George Lathan">Lathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Bevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Nicholas" title="Harry Nicholas">Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Davies_(trade_unionist)" title="Dai Davies (trade unionist)">Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Atkinson" title="Norman Atkinson">Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Varley" title="Eric Varley">Varley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Booth" title="Albert Booth">Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_McCluskie" title="Sam McCluskie">McCluskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Burlison" title="Tom Burlison">Burlison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Prosser,_Baroness_Prosser" title="Margaret Prosser, Baroness Prosser">Prosser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Elsby" title="Jimmy Elsby">Elsby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dromey" title="Jack Dromey">Dromey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Holland" title="Diana Holland">Holland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_in_the_House_of_Lords" title="Leader of the Labour Party in the House of Lords"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Leaders in the Lords</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Haldane,_1st_Viscount_Haldane" title="Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane">Haldane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cripps,_1st_Baron_Parmoor" title="Charles Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor">Cripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ponsonby,_1st_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede" title="Arthur Ponsonby, 1st Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede">Ponsonby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Snell,_1st_Baron_Snell" title="Harry Snell, 1st Baron Snell">Snell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Addison,_1st_Viscount_Addison" title="Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison">Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jowitt,_1st_Earl_Jowitt" title="William Jowitt, 1st Earl Jowitt">Jowitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._V._Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Hillsborough" title="A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Pakenham,_7th_Earl_of_Longford" title="Frank Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford">Pakenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Shackleton,_Baron_Shackleton" title="Edward Shackleton, Baron Shackleton">Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Shepherd,_2nd_Baron_Shepherd" title="Malcolm Shepherd, 2nd Baron Shepherd">Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Peart,_Baron_Peart" title="Fred Peart, Baron Peart">Peart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledwyn_Hughes,_Baron_Cledwyn_of_Penrhos" title="Cledwyn Hughes, Baron Cledwyn of Penrhos">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivor_Richard" title="Ivor Richard">Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Jay,_Baroness_Jay_of_Paddington" title="Margaret Jay, Baroness Jay of Paddington">Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gareth_Williams,_Baron_Williams_of_Mostyn" title="Gareth Williams, Baron Williams of Mostyn">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Amos,_Baroness_Amos" title="Valerie Amos, Baroness Amos">Amos</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ashton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Royall,_Baroness_Royall_of_Blaisdon" title="Janet Royall, Baroness Royall of Blaisdon">Royall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Smith,_Baroness_Smith_of_Basildon" title="Angela Smith, Baroness Smith of Basildon">Smith of Basildon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Labour" title="Scottish Labour"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Scottish Labour Leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Dewar" title="Donald Dewar">Dewar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_McLeish" title="Henry McLeish">McLeish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Jamieson" title="Cathy Jamieson">Jamieson</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_McConnell" title="Jack McConnell">McConnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Jamieson" title="Cathy Jamieson">Jamieson</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Alexander" title="Wendy Alexander">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Jamieson" title="Cathy Jamieson">Jamieson</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Gray" title="Iain Gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Lamont" title="Johann Lamont">Lamont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anas_Sarwar" title="Anas Sarwar">Sarwar</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Murphy" title="Jim Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Gray" title="Iain Gray">Gray</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kezia_Dugdale" title="Kezia Dugdale">Dugdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Rowley" title="Alex Rowley">Rowley</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Baillie" title="Jackie Baillie">Baillie</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Leonard" title="Richard Leonard">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Baillie" title="Jackie Baillie">Baillie</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anas_Sarwar" title="Anas Sarwar">Sarwar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Labour_Party" title="Parliamentary Labour Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">PLP Chairs</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Hardie" title="Keir Hardie">Hardie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Barnes_(British_politician)" title="George Barnes (British politician)">Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hodge_(politician)" title="John Hodge (politician)">Hodge</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wardle" title="George Wardle">Wardle</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Adamson" title="William Adamson">Adamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">Clynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Lees-Smith" title="Hastings Lees-Smith">Lees-Smith</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Pethick-Lawrence,_1st_Baron_Pethick-Lawrence" title="Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence">Pethick-Lawrence</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Greenwood</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Houghton,_Baron_Houghton_of_Sowerby" title="Douglas Houghton, Baron Houghton of Sowerby">Houghton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Mikardo" title="Ian Mikardo">Mikardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledwyn_Hughes,_Baron_Cledwyn_of_Penrhos" title="Cledwyn Hughes, Baron Cledwyn of Penrhos">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Willey" title="Fred Willey">Willey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dormand" title="Jack Dormand">Dormand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Orme" title="Stan Orme">Orme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Hoyle" title="Doug Hoyle">Hoyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Soley" title="Clive Soley">Soley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Corston,_Baroness_Corston" title="Jean Corston, Baroness Corston">Corston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Clwyd" title="Ann Clwyd">Clwyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Lloyd" title="Tony Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Watts,_Baron_Watts" title="David Watts, Baron Watts">Watts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cryer" title="John Cryer">Cryer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Morden" title="Jessica Morden">Morden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliamentary_Labour_Party" title="European Parliamentary Labour Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">EPLP Leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stewart,_Baron_Stewart_of_Fulham" title="Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Castle" title="Barbara Castle">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alf_Lomas" title="Alf Lomas">Lomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Martin_(Scottish_politician)" title="David Martin (Scottish politician)">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Seal_(politician)" title="Barry Seal (politician)">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyn_Ford" title="Glyn Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Green" title="Pauline Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_David" title="Wayne David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Donnelly" title="Alan Donnelly">Donnelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Murphy_(British_politician)" title="Simon Murphy (British politician)">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Titley" title="Gary Titley">Titley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenis_Willmott" title="Glenis Willmott">Willmott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Corbett" title="Richard Corbett">Corbett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div>* = wartime, in opposition <br /> ^ Interim/Acting</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Internal_elections_and_selections" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Internal elections and selections</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1922_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1922 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1922</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1931 Labour Party leadership election">1931</a> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Arthur Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1932 Labour Party leadership election">1932</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">George Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1935 Labour Party leadership election">1935</a> <a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1955 Labour Party leadership election">1955</a> <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Hugh Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1960 Labour Party leadership election">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1961 Labour Party leadership election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1963 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1963</a> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1976 Labour Party leadership election">1976</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">James Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1980 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1980</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1983 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1983</a> <a href="/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock">Neil Kinnock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1988 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1992 Labour Party leadership election">1992</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Labour_Party_leader)" title="John Smith (Labour Party leader)">John Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1994 Labour Party leadership election">1994</a> <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2007 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2007</a> <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2010 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2010</a> <a href="/wiki/Ed_Miliband" title="Ed Miliband">Ed Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2015 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2015</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2016 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2020 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2020</a> <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a></li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Deputy Leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1952 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1952</a> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Herbert Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1953 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1956 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1956</a> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Griffiths" title="Jim Griffiths">Jim Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1959 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1959</a> <a href="/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Aneurin Bevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1960 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1960</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">George Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1961 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1962 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1970 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1970</a> <a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1971 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1972 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1972</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Short,_Baron_Glenamara" title="Edward Short, Baron Glenamara">Edward Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1976 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1976</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1980 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1980</a> <a href="/wiki/Denis_Healey" title="Denis Healey">Denis Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1981 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1983 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1983</a> <a href="/wiki/Roy_Hattersley" title="Roy Hattersley">Roy Hattersley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1988 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1992 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1992</a> <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Margaret Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1994 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1994</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">John Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="2007 Labour Party deputy leadership election">2007</a> <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harriet Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="2015 Labour Party deputy leadership election">2015</a> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Watson,_Baron_Watson_of_Wyre_Forest" title="Tom Watson, Baron Watson of Wyre Forest">Tom Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="2020 Labour Party deputy leadership election">2020</a> <a href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" title="Angela Rayner">Angela Rayner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Shadow Cabinet elections and reshuffles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=September_1931_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="September 1931 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">Sep 1931 (Henderson)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=November_1931_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="November 1931 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">Nov 1931</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1932_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1932 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1932 (Lansbury)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1933_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1933 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1934_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1934 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1935_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1935 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1935 (Attlee)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1936 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1937_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1937 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1938 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1939_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1939 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1951 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1952 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1953 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1954 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1955 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1956 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1956 (Gaitskell)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1957 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1958 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1959 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1960 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1961 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1962 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1963 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1963 (Wilson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1970 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1971 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1972 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1973 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1979 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1979 (Callaghan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1980 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1980 (Foot)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1981 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1982 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1983 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1983 (Kinnock)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1984 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1985 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1986 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1987 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1988 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1989 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1990 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1991 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1992 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1992 (Smith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1993 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1994 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1994 (Blair)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1995 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1996 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="2010 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">2010 (Miliband)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_shadow_cabinet_resignations" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 United Kingdom shadow cabinet resignations">June 2016 (Corbyn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2021_British_shadow_cabinet_reshuffle" title="May 2021 British shadow cabinet reshuffle">May 2021 (Starmer)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2021_British_shadow_cabinet_reshuffle" title="November 2021 British shadow cabinet reshuffle">November 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_British_shadow_cabinet_reshuffle" title="2023 British shadow cabinet reshuffle">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Party_structure" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Party structure</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Constitution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clause_IV" title="Clause IV">Clause IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Executive_Committee_of_the_Labour_Party" title="National Executive Committee of the Labour Party">National Executive Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Labour_Party" title="General Secretary of the Labour Party">General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_the_Labour_Party" title="Treasurer of the Labour Party">Treasurer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Parliamentary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Labour_Party" title="Parliamentary Labour Party">Parliamentary Labour Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip_of_the_Labour_Party" title="Chief Whip of the Labour Party">Chief Whip of the Labour Party</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Conference</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_Conference" title="Labour Party Conference">Labour Party Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Subnational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Labour" title="Scottish Labour">Scottish Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Labour" title="Welsh Labour">Welsh Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Labour Party in Northern Ireland">Labour Party in Northern Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Directly elected city mayoral authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Labour" title="London Labour">London Labour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">CLPs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constituency_Labour_Party" title="Constituency Labour Party">Constituency Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_International" title="Labour International">Labour International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Policy_Forum" title="National Policy Forum">National Policy Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)_affiliated_trade_union" title="Labour Party (UK) affiliated trade union">Affiliated trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_Union_and_Labour_Party_Liaison_Organisation" title="Trade Union and Labour Party Liaison Organisation">Trade Union and Labour Party Liaison Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Co-operative" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour and Co-operative">Labour Co-operative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Party" title="Co-operative Party">Co-operative Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_%E2%80%93_Federation_of_Labour_Groups" title="Labour – Federation of Labour Groups">Labour – Federation of Labour Groups</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Associated_organisations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Associated organisations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">List</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_organisations_associated_with_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="List of organisations associated with the Labour Party (UK)">Organisations associated with the Labour Party</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Sectional groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Labour_(UK)" title="Young Labour (UK)">Young Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_International" title="Labour International">Labour International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT%2B_Labour" title="LGBT+ Labour">LGBT+ Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Campaign_for_Trans_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour Campaign for Trans Rights">Labour Campaign for Trans Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Students" title="Labour Students">Labour Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAME_Labour" title="BAME Labour">BAME Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_Labour" title="Disability Labour">Disability Labour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Factional groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Labour" title="Blue Labour">Blue Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Labour_Party_Democracy" title="Campaign for Labour Party Democracy">Campaign for Labour Party Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christians_on_the_Left" title="Christians on the Left">Christians on the Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass_(think_tank)" title="Compass (think tank)">Compass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society">Fabian Society</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Fabians" title="Young Fabians">Young Fabians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_Britain_Group" title="Future Britain Group">Future Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre-Left_Grassroots_Alliance" title="Centre-Left Grassroots Alliance">Centre-Left Grassroots Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Labour_Movement" title="Jewish Labour Movement">Jewish Labour Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Campaign_for_Electoral_Reform" title="Labour Campaign for Electoral Reform">Labour Campaign for Electoral Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_CND" title="Labour CND">Labour CND</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Friends_of_Israel" title="Labour Friends of Israel">Labour Friends of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Friends_of_Palestine_and_the_Middle_East" title="Labour Friends of Palestine and the Middle East">Labour Friends of Palestine & the Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Growth_Group" title="Labour Growth Group">Labour Growth Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_Irish_Society" title="Labour Party Irish Society">Labour Party Irish Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Representation_Committee_(2004)" title="Labour Representation Committee (2004)">Labour Representation Committee (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Women%27s_Network" title="Labour Women's Network">Labour Women's Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_(organisation)" title="Momentum (organisation)">Momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Labour" title="Open Labour">Open Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Labour_and_Socialist_Clubs" title="National Union of Labour and Socialist Clubs">National Union of Labour and Socialist Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Britain" title="Progressive Britain">Progressive Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Appeal_(UK,_1992)" title="Socialist Appeal (UK, 1992)">Revolutionary Communist Party</a> <small>Formerly Socialist Appeal</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Health_Association" title="Socialist Health Association">Socialist Health Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Educational_Association" title="Socialist Educational Association">Socialist Educational Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Environment_and_Resources_Association" title="Socialist Environment and Resources Association">Socialist Environment and Resources Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Campaign_Group" title="Socialist Campaign Group">Socialist Campaign Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Socialist_Youth" title="International Union of Socialist Youth">Socialist Youth Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_society_(Labour_Party)" title="Socialist society (Labour Party)">Socialist societies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Media publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LabourList" title="LabourList">LabourList</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tribune_(magazine)" title="Tribune (magazine)">Tribune</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Party_alliances" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Party alliances</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Current" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance" title="Progressive Alliance">Progressive Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="University_of_Warwick" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #06456E; color: white"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:University_of_Warwick" title="Template:University of Warwick"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:University_of_Warwick" title="Template talk:University of Warwick"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:University_of_Warwick" title="Special:EditPage/Template:University of Warwick"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="University_of_Warwick" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">University of Warwick</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #06456E; color: white;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:People_associated_with_the_University_of_Warwick" title="Category:People associated with the University of Warwick"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">People</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Catherine Ashton</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Category:Chancellors_of_the_University_of_Warwick" title="Category:Chancellors of the University of Warwick">Chancellor</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Croft_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuart Croft (academic)">Stuart Croft</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Category:Vice-chancellors_of_the_University_of_Warwick" title="Category:Vice-chancellors of the University of Warwick">Vice-chancellor</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Warwick_people" title="List of University of Warwick people">Alumni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academics_of_the_University_of_Warwick" title="Category:Academics of the University of Warwick">Academics</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Warwick_Students%27_Union,_January_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/University_of_Warwick_Students%27_Union%2C_January_2010.jpg/180px-University_of_Warwick_Students%27_Union%2C_January_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/University_of_Warwick_Students%27_Union%2C_January_2010.jpg/270px-University_of_Warwick_Students%27_Union%2C_January_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/University_of_Warwick_Students%27_Union%2C_January_2010.jpg/360px-University_of_Warwick_Students%27_Union%2C_January_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #06456E; color: white;width:1%">Departments<br /> and buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warwick_Arts_Centre" title="Warwick Arts Centre">Warwick Arts Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwick_Business_School" title="Warwick Business School">Warwick Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Philosophy,_University_of_Warwick" title="Department of Philosophy, University of Warwick">Department of Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibbet_Hill_(University_of_Warwick)" title="Gibbet Hill (University of Warwick)">Gibbet Hill Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick#Main_campus" title="University of Warwick">Main Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WMG,_University_of_Warwick" title="WMG, University of Warwick">WMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwick_Medical_School" title="Warwick Medical School">Warwick Medical School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Records_Centre,_University_of_Warwick" title="Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick">Modern Records Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick_Science_Park" title="University of Warwick Science Park">Science Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westwood_(Campus)" title="Westwood (Campus)">Westwood Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Urban_Science_and_Progress" title="Center for Urban Science and Progress">Center for Urban Science and Progress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #06456E; color: white;width:1%">Student life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Boar_(newspaper)" title="The Boar (newspaper)">The Boar</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Warwick" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Warwick">Radio Warwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick_Boat_Club" title="University of Warwick Boat Club">Boat Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick_Students%27_Union" title="University of Warwick Students' Union">Students' Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick_Conservative_Association" title="University of Warwick Conservative Association">Conservative Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #06456E; color: white;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Warwick" title="Academic dress of the University of Warwick">Academic dress</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manifold_(magazine)" title="Manifold (magazine)">Manifold</a></i></li> <li><i>Pli</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwick_Prize_for_Writing" title="Warwick Prize for Writing">Warwick Prize for Writing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background: #06456E; color: white"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Warwick" title="Category:University of Warwick"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Category</span></a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:University_of_Warwick" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:University of Warwick"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Commons</span></a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="British_Kings_of_Arms" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_Kings_of_Arms" title="Template:British Kings of Arms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:British_Kings_of_Arms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:British Kings of Arms (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_Kings_of_Arms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British Kings of Arms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_Kings_of_Arms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">British Kings of Arms</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Arms" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Arms">Kings of Arms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Garter_Principal_King_of_Arms" title="Garter Principal King of Arms">Garter</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/David_White_(officer_of_arms)" title="David White (officer of arms)">David White</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Clarenceux_King_of_Arms" title="Clarenceux King of Arms">Clarenceux</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Robert_Noel_(officer_of_arms)" title="Robert Noel (officer of arms)">Robert Noel</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Norroy_and_Ulster_King_of_Arms" title="Norroy and Ulster King of Arms">Norroy and Ulster</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Clive_Cheesman" title="Clive Cheesman">Clive Cheesman</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lyon_King_of_Arms" title="Lord Lyon King of Arms">Lyon</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Morrow_(officer_of_arms)" title="Joseph Morrow (officer of arms)">Joseph Morrow</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bath_King_of_Arms" title="Bath King of Arms">Bath</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Sir_Stephen_Dalton" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Stephen Dalton">Sir Stephen Dalton</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/King_of_Arms_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" title="King of Arms of the Order of St Michael and St George">St Michael and St George</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/The_Baroness_Ashton_of_Upholland" class="mw-redirect" title="The Baroness Ashton of Upholland">The Baroness Ashton of Upholland</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/King_of_Arms_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="King of Arms of the Order of the British Empire">British Empire</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Robert_Fulton_(Royal_Marines_officer)" title="Robert Fulton (Royal Marines officer)">Sir Robert Fulton</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_variant_2).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the United Kingdom"><img alt="Coat of arms of the United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg/225px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg/300px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="479" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105667#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105667#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105667#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/289331888">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtcHPR7tRQXRCymGPX8G3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1191212556">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2023046871">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/1675320984120">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810617820505606">Poland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/74ks53Cm">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Ashton&oldid=1256482361">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Ashton&oldid=1256482361</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1956_births" title="Category:1956 births">1956 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_Bedford_College,_London" title="Category:Alumni of Bedford College, London">Alumni of Bedford College, London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_European_commissioners" title="Category:British European commissioners">British European commissioners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chancellors_of_the_University_of_Warwick" title="Category:Chancellors of the University of Warwick">Chancellors of the University of Warwick</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ladies_Companion_of_the_Garter" title="Category:Ladies Companion of the Garter">Ladies Companion of the Garter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dames_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" title="Category:Dames Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George">Dames Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Female_members_of_the_Cabinet_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Female members of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom">Female members of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:First_vice-presidents_of_the_European_Commission" title="Category:First vice-presidents of the European Commission">First vice-presidents of the European Commission</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Labour_Party_(UK)_life_peers" title="Category:Labour Party (UK) life peers">Labour Party (UK) life peers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Leaders_of_the_House_of_Lords" title="Category:Leaders of the House of Lords">Leaders of the House of Lords</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Life_peeresses_created_by_Elizabeth_II" title="Category:Life peeresses created by Elizabeth II">Life peeresses created by Elizabeth II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Life_peers_created_by_Elizabeth_II" title="Category:Life peers created by Elizabeth II">Life peers created by Elizabeth II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lord_Presidents_of_the_Council" title="Category:Lord Presidents of the Council">Lord Presidents of the Council</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom">Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_St_Albans" title="Category:People from St Albans">People from St Albans</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Up_Holland" title="Category:People from Up Holland">People from Up Holland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Female_foreign_ministers" title="Category:Female foreign ministers">Female foreign ministers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women_European_commissioners" title="Category:Women European commissioners">Women European commissioners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_British_women_politicians" title="Category:21st-century British women politicians">21st-century British women politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_women_diplomats" title="Category:British women diplomats">British women diplomats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_educated_at_Upholland_Grammar_School" title="Category:People educated at Upholland Grammar School">People educated at Upholland Grammar School</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_September_2017" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2017">Articles with dead external links from September 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_containing_London_Gazette_template_with_parameter_supp_set_to_y" title="Category:Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y">Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Slovak-language_sources_(sk)" title="Category:CS1 Slovak-language sources (sk)">CS1 Slovak-language sources (sk)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_semi-protected_biographies_of_living_people" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected biographies of living people">Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected biographies of living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_move-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_January_2013" title="Category:Use British English from January 2013">Use British English from January 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_March_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from March 2020">Use dmy dates from March 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_small_with_an_empty_input_parameter" title="Category:Pages using small with an empty input parameter">Pages using small with an empty input parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_appearing_on_C-SPAN" title="Category:People appearing on C-SPAN">People appearing on C-SPAN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Guardian_topic_template_using_Wikidata" title="Category:Guardian topic template using Wikidata">Guardian topic template using Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 November 2024, at 03:43<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Ashton&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-4dtrt","wgBackendResponseTime":174,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.691","walltime":"2.052","ppvisitednodes":{"value":26032,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":514562,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":26920,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":12,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":463124,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1734.846 1 -total"," 30.07% 521.620 1 Template:Reflist"," 25.23% 437.699 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 11.23% 194.776 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 10.72% 185.914 52 Template:Cite_web"," 8.63% 149.746 39 Template:Cite_news"," 8.03% 139.344 15 Template:Navbox"," 5.56% 96.392 6 Template:Cite_magazine"," 5.45% 94.490 4 Template:London_Gazette"," 5.38% 93.362 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.898","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":12059970,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-zcwrk","timestamp":"20241122143433","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Catherine Ashton","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catherine_Ashton","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q105667","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q105667","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-03-13T12:44:13Z","dateModified":"2024-11-10T03:43:50Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5d\/Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Ashton_of_Upholland_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg","headline":"British politician (born 1956)"}</script> </body> </html>