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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikanischer_Bernstein" title="Dominikanischer Bernstein – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dominikanischer Bernstein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81mbar_dominicano" title="Ámbar dominicano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ámbar dominicano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominga_sukceno" title="Dominga sukceno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dominga sukceno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambre_dominicain" title="Ambre dominicain – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ambre dominicain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81mbar_dominicano" title="Ámbar dominicano – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ámbar dominicano" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucinum_Dominicianum" title="Sucinum Dominicianum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sucinum Dominicianum" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Amber from the Dominican Republic</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ant_in_amber1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Ant_in_amber1.jpg/250px-Ant_in_amber1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Ant_in_amber1.jpg/375px-Ant_in_amber1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Ant_in_amber1.jpg/500px-Ant_in_amber1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Worker <a href="/wiki/Termite" title="Termite">termite</a> in Dominican amber</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Dominican amber</b> is <a href="/wiki/Amber" title="Amber">amber</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> derived from resin of the extinct tree <i><a href="/wiki/Hymenaea_protera" title="Hymenaea protera">Hymenaea protera</a></i>. </p><p>Dominican amber differentiates itself from <a href="/wiki/Baltic_amber" title="Baltic amber">Baltic amber</a> by being nearly always transparent, and it has a higher number of <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossil</a> inclusions. This has enabled the detailed reconstruction of the ecosystem of a long-vanished <a href="/wiki/Tropical_forest" title="Tropical forest">tropical forest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Poinar_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poinar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Age">Age</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominican_amber&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The age of the amber has been controversial. A study in the early 1990s returned a date up to 40 million years old.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, other authors have suggested a date in the <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a>, around 20-15 million years old, based on marine microfossils found in the sediment the amber is contained in.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mining_sites">Mining sites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominican_amber&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mining sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are three main sites in the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> where amber is found: <i>La Cordillera Septentrional</i>, in the north, and <i>Bayaguana</i> and <i>Sabana de la Mar</i>, in the east. In the northern area, the amber-bearing unit is formed of <a href="/wiki/Clastic_rocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Clastic rocks">clastic rocks</a>, washed down with <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a> fragments and other sediments that accumulated in a <a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">deltaic</a> environment, even in water of some depth.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the eastern area, the amber is found in a sediment formation of organic-rich laminated sand, sandy clay, <a href="/wiki/Intercalation_(chemistry)" title="Intercalation (chemistry)">intercalated</a> <a href="/wiki/Lignite" title="Lignite">lignite</a>, and as well as some <a href="/wiki/Solvation" title="Solvation">solvated</a> beds of gravel and <a href="/wiki/Calcarenite" title="Calcarenite">calcarenite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both areas seem to have been part of the same sedimentary basin but were later disrupted by movements along major faults.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mining">Mining</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominican_amber&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mining"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dominican amber, especially Dominican <a href="/wiki/Blue_amber" title="Blue amber">blue amber</a>, is mined through bell pitting, which is extremely dangerous. The <a href="/wiki/Bell_pit" title="Bell pit">bell pit</a> is basically a foxhole dug with whatever tools are available. Machetes do the start, some shovels, picks and hammers may participate eventually. The pit itself goes as deep or safe as possible, sometimes vertical, sometimes horizontal, but never level. It snakes into hill sides, drops away, joins up with others, goes straight up and pops out elsewhere. 'Foxhole' applies indeed: rarely are the pits large enough to stand in, and then only at the entrance. Miners crawl around on their knees using short-handled picks, shovels and machetes. </p><p>There are little to no safety measures. A pillar or so may hold back the ceiling from time to time but only if the area has previously collapsed. Candles are the only source of light. Humidity inside the mines is at 100%. Since the holes are situated high on mountainsides and deep inside said mountains, the temperature is cool and bearable, but after several hours the air becomes stale. During rain the mines are forced to close. The holes fill up quickly with water, and there is little point in pumping it out again (although sometimes this is done) because the unsecured walls may crumble.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations">Variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominican_amber&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Dominican amber</b> can be found in many colors, besides the obvious amber. Yellow and honey colored are fairly common. There is also red and green in smaller quantities and the rare <a href="/wiki/Blue_amber" title="Blue amber">blue amber</a> (fluorescent).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The blue amber reportedly is found mostly in Palo Quemado mine south from La Cumbre.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Museo del Ambar Dominicano</i>, in <a href="/wiki/San_Felipe_de_Puerto_Plata" class="mw-redirect" title="San Felipe de Puerto Plata">Puerto Plata</a>, as well as the <i>Amber World Museum</i> in <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a> have collections of amber specimens. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paleobiology">Paleobiology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominican_amber&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Paleobiology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Numerous organisms have been described from amber specimens including: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anochetus_intermedius_BMNHP-II33_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Anochetus_intermedius_BMNHP-II33_01.jpg/220px-Anochetus_intermedius_BMNHP-II33_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Anochetus_intermedius_BMNHP-II33_01.jpg/330px-Anochetus_intermedius_BMNHP-II33_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Anochetus_intermedius_BMNHP-II33_01.jpg/440px-Anochetus_intermedius_BMNHP-II33_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1212" data-file-height="808" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Anochetus_intermedius" title="Anochetus intermedius">Anochetus intermedius</a></i>, an ant</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Odontomachus_spinifer_SMNSDO2215_profile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Odontomachus_spinifer_SMNSDO2215_profile.jpg/220px-Odontomachus_spinifer_SMNSDO2215_profile.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Odontomachus_spinifer_SMNSDO2215_profile.jpg/330px-Odontomachus_spinifer_SMNSDO2215_profile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Odontomachus_spinifer_SMNSDO2215_profile.jpg/440px-Odontomachus_spinifer_SMNSDO2215_profile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1463" data-file-height="808" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Odontomachus_spinifer" title="Odontomachus spinifer">Odontomachus spinifer</a></i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protozoans">Protozoans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominican_amber&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Protozoans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Paleoleishmania_neotropicum" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleoleishmania neotropicum">Paleoleishmania neotropicum</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Poinar20140_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poinar20140-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trypanosoma_antiquus" title="Trypanosoma antiquus">Trypanosoma antiquus</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Poinar2005_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poinar2005-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora">Flora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominican_amber&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Flora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discoflorus_neotropicus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discoflorus neotropicus (page does not exist)">Discoflorus neotropicus</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-discoflorus_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-discoflorus-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hymenaea_protera" title="Hymenaea protera">Hymenaea protera</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palaeoraphe" title="Palaeoraphe">Palaeoraphe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roystonea_palaea" title="Roystonea palaea">Roystonea palaea</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funga">Funga</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominican_amber&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Funga"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Parmelia_ambra" title="Parmelia ambra">Parmelia ambra</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Poinar_et_al._2000_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poinar_et_al._2000-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fauna">Fauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominican_amber&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acanthostichus_hispaniolicus" title="Acanthostichus hispaniolicus">Acanthostichus hispaniolicus</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-De_Andrade1998_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-De_Andrade1998-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anelaphus_velteni" title="Anelaphus velteni">Anelaphus velteni</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anochetus_ambiguus" title="Anochetus ambiguus">Anochetus ambiguus</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-DeAndrade1994_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeAndrade1994-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anochetus_brevidentatus" title="Anochetus brevidentatus">Anochetus brevidentatus</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-MacKay1991_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacKay1991-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anochetus_conisquamis" title="Anochetus conisquamis">Anochetus conisquamis</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-DeAndrade1994_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeAndrade1994-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anochetus_corayi" title="Anochetus corayi">Anochetus corayi</a></i> <sup id="cite_ref-BaroniUrbani1980_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BaroniUrbani1980-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anochetus_dubius" title="Anochetus dubius">Anochetus dubius</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-DeAndrade1994_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeAndrade1994-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anochetus_exstinctus" title="Anochetus exstinctus">Anochetus exstinctus</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-DeAndrade1994_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeAndrade1994-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anochetus_intermedius" title="Anochetus intermedius">Anochetus intermedius</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-DeAndrade1994_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeAndrade1994-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anochetus_lucidus" title="Anochetus lucidus">Anochetus lucidus</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-DeAndrade1994_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeAndrade1994-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apterostigma_electropilosum" title="Apterostigma electropilosum">Apterostigma electropilosum</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Schultz2007_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schultz2007-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apterostigma_eowilsoni" title="Apterostigma eowilsoni">Apterostigma eowilsoni</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Schultz2007_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schultz2007-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Araneagryllus" title="Araneagryllus">Araneagryllus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Augochlora_leptoloba" title="Augochlora leptoloba">Augochlora leptoloba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Azteca_alpha" title="Azteca alpha">Azteca alpha</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Wilson1985_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson1985-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Azteca_eumeces" title="Azteca eumeces">Azteca eumeces</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Wilson1985_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson1985-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cephalotes_jansei" title="Cephalotes jansei">Cephalotes jansei</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dicromantispa_electromexicana" title="Dicromantispa electromexicana">Dicromantispa electromexicana</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Engel2007_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Engel2007-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dicromantispa_moronei" title="Dicromantispa moronei">Dicromantispa moronei</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Engel2007_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Engel2007-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eickwortapis" title="Eickwortapis">Eickwortapis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Electromyrmococcus" title="Electromyrmococcus">Electromyrmococcus</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-johnsonetal1995_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnsonetal1995-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elaphidion_inclusum" title="Elaphidion inclusum">Elaphidion inclusum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elaphidion_tocanum" title="Elaphidion tocanum">Elaphidion tocanum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Formicodiplogaster_myrmenema" class="mw-redirect" title="Formicodiplogaster myrmenema">Formicodiplogaster myrmenema</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Poinar2011b_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poinar2011b-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leptofoenus_pittfieldae" title="Leptofoenus pittfieldae">Leptofoenus pittfieldae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lutzomyia_adiketis" title="Lutzomyia adiketis">Lutzomyia adiketis</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Poinar2008_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poinar2008-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neocorynura_electra" title="Neocorynura electra">Neocorynura electra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nesagapostemon" title="Nesagapostemon">Nesagapostemon</a></i></li> <li>cf. <i><a href="/wiki/Nesoctites" class="mw-redirect" title="Nesoctites">Nesoctites</a></i> <sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odontomachus_pseudobauri" title="Odontomachus pseudobauri">Odontomachus pseudobauri</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-DeAndrade1994_19-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeAndrade1994-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odontomachus_spinifer" title="Odontomachus spinifer">Odontomachus spinifer</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-DeAndrade1994_19-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeAndrade1994-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oligochlora" title="Oligochlora">Oligochlora</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palaeoplethodon_hispaniolae" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaeoplethodon hispaniolae">Palaeoplethodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paradoryphoribius" title="Paradoryphoribius">Paradoryphoribius</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plectromerus_grimaldii" title="Plectromerus grimaldii">Plectromerus grimaldii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plectromerus_tertiarius" title="Plectromerus tertiarius">Plectromerus tertiarius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pterolophosoma_otiliae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pterolophosoma otiliae">Pterolophosoma otiliae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sphaerodactylus" title="Sphaerodactylus">Sphaerodactylus</a> dommeli</i><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stizocera_evanescens" title="Stizocera evanescens">Stizocera evanescens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Syndesus_ambericus" title="Syndesus ambericus">Syndesus ambericus</a></i> <sup id="cite_ref-Woodruff2009_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodruff2009-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tainosia" title="Tainosia">Tainosia</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Szwedo2001_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Szwedo2001-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Termitaradus_mitnicki" title="Termitaradus mitnicki">Termitaradus mitnicki</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Triatoma_dominicana" title="Triatoma dominicana">Triatoma dominicana</a></i></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominican_amber&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lagerst%C3%A4tte" title="Lagerstätte">Lagerstätte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_amber" title="Japanese amber">Japanese amber</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominican_amber&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Poinar-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Poinar_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Poinar, Jr. and Roberta Poinar, 1999. <i>The Amber Forest: A Reconstruction of a Vanished World</i>, (Princeton University Press) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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M.; Wagner, P.; Böhme, W. (Jan 1, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjzs.12001">"A reconsideration of <i>Sphaerodactylus dommeli</i> Böhme, 1984 (Squamata: Gekkota: Sphaerodactylidae), a Miocene lizard in amber"</a>. <i>Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research</i>. <b>51</b>: 55–63. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjzs.12001">10.1111/jzs.12001</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1439-0469">1439-0469</a>. <q>Subsequent to the acceptance of this paper, we obtained high resolution X-ray computed tomography imagery for the paratype of <i>Sphaerodactylus dommeli</i> that confirms that it is correctly allocated to genus. Details of its osteology will be reported elsewhere.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Zoological+Systematics+and+Evolutionary+Research&rft.atitle=A+reconsideration+of+Sphaerodactylus+dommeli+B%C3%B6hme%2C+1984+%28Squamata%3A+Gekkota%3A+Sphaerodactylidae%29%2C+a+Miocene+lizard+in+amber&rft.volume=51&rft.pages=55-63&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fjzs.12001&rft.issn=1439-0469&rft.aulast=Daza&rft.aufirst=Juan+Diego&rft.au=Bauer%2C+A.+M.&rft.au=Wagner%2C+P.&rft.au=B%C3%B6hme%2C+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fjzs.12001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+amber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woodruff2009-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Woodruff2009_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodruff2009" class="citation journal cs1">Woodruff, R.E. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1621&context=insectamundi">"A new fossil species of stag beetle from Dominican Republic amber, with Australasian connections (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)"</a>. <i>Insecta Mundi</i>. <b>0098</b>: 1–10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insecta+Mundi&rft.atitle=A+new+fossil+species+of+stag+beetle+from+Dominican+Republic+amber%2C+with+Australasian+connections+%28Coleoptera%3A+Lucanidae%29&rft.volume=0098&rft.pages=1-10&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Woodruff&rft.aufirst=R.E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.unl.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1621%26context%3Dinsectamundi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+amber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Szwedo2001-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Szwedo2001_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzwedoStroiński2001" class="citation journal cs1">Szwedo, J.; Stroiński, A. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719015811/http://ag.udel.edu/delpha/5325.pdf">"<i>Tainosia quisqueyae</i> gen. and sp. nov. from the Oligocene/Miocene Dominican amber (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Nogodinidae)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Genus</i>. <b>12</b> (1): 29–34. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ag.udel.edu/delpha/5325.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-04-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genus&rft.atitle=Tainosia+quisqueyae+gen.+and+sp.+nov.+from+the+Oligocene%2FMiocene+Dominican+amber+%28Hemiptera%3A+Fulgoroidea%3A+Nogodinidae%29&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=29-34&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Szwedo&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Stroi%C5%84ski%2C+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fag.udel.edu%2Fdelpha%2F5325.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+amber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominican_amber&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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