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<span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diaspora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diaspora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Diaspora</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Diaspora-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Diaspora subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Diaspora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hadharem_in_the_Persian_Gulf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hadharem_in_the_Persian_Gulf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Hadharem in the Persian Gulf</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hadharem_in_the_Persian_Gulf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hadhrami_East_Africans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hadhrami_East_Africans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Hadhrami East Africans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hadhrami_East_Africans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hadhrami_Jews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hadhrami_Jews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Hadhrami Jews</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hadhrami_Jews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_Hadhrami_Diaspora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Hadhrami_Diaspora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>List of Hadhrami Diaspora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_Hadhrami_Diaspora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Yemen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yemen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Yemen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yemen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swahili_Coast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swahili_Coast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Swahili Coast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swahili_Coast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>North Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Horn_of_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Horn_of_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Horn of Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Horn_of_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_Timor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Timor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>East Timor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Timor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Malaysia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Singapore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Singapore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Singapore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Singapore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>South Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qatar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qatar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Qatar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qatar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saudi_Arabia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saudi_Arabia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>Saudi Arabia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saudi_Arabia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hadharem</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrami" title="Hadrami – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hadrami" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadramitas" title="Hadramitas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hadramitas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="حضرمی‌ها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حضرمی‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrami" title="Hadrami – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hadrami" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadhrami" title="Hadhrami – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hadhrami" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC" title="ハドラミー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハドラミー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadhrami_people&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadhrami people">Hadhrami people</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic division of Arabs</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Hadharem</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div lang="ar"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الحضارم</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hadhramaut.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A blue, white, and green flag with a red stripe on the left and a sidr tree in the middle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Hadhramaut.svg/220px-Flag_of_Hadhramaut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Hadhramaut.svg/330px-Flag_of_Hadhramaut.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Hadhramaut.svg/440px-Flag_of_Hadhramaut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="284" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Flag proposed by the '<a href="/wiki/Hadhrami_League" title="Hadhrami League">Hadhrami League</a>' in May 2013 to represent <a href="/wiki/Hadramout_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadramout Region">Hadramout Region</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Federalization_of_Yemen" title="Federalization of Yemen">federalization of Yemen</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hadramaut_Region.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hadramaut_Region.svg/220px-Hadramaut_Region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hadramaut_Region.svg/330px-Hadramaut_Region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hadramaut_Region.svg/440px-Hadramaut_Region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1524" data-file-height="995" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Hadhramout Region in Yemen</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Mainland" title="Mainland">mainland</a>)</small><br /> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a>)</small><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><br /> </p> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><br /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Hadhrami_Arabic" title="Hadhrami Arabic">Arabic</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>, mainly <a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i_school" title="Shafi'i school">Shafi'i</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a>, other <a href="/wiki/Afro-Asiatic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Asiatic people">Afro-Asiatic people</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Hadharem</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">حضارم</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ḥaḍārim</i></span>; singular: Hadhrami, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">حضرمي</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ḥaḍramī</i></span>) are an <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabic</a>-speaking <a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_group" title="Ethnographic group">ethnographic group</a> indigenous to the <a href="/wiki/Hadhramaut" title="Hadhramaut">Hadhramaut</a> region in the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a>, which is part of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>. The spoken language of the Hadharem is <a href="/wiki/Hadhrami_Arabic" title="Hadhrami Arabic">Hadhrami Arabic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the two million inhabitants of <a href="/wiki/Hadhramaut" title="Hadhramaut">Hadhramaut</a>, there are about 1,300 distinct tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society">Society</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadharem&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As in other regions of Yemen, Hadhrami society is stratified into several groups. At the top of hierarchy are the religious elites or <a href="/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid">sayyids</a>, who trace their descent to <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>. These are followed by the <a href="/wiki/Sheikh" title="Sheikh">sheikhs</a>, tribesmen, townspeople, <i>dhu'afa</i> (farmers, fishers and builders). At the bottom of the hierarchy are <a href="/wiki/Al-Muhamash%C4%ABn" title="Al-Muhamashīn">al-Muhamashīn</a> "the Marginalized" (previously referred to as <i>al-akhdam</i> "the servants")<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hadhramaut was under Muslim rule and converted to the faith during the time of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Prophet Muhammad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A religious leader from Iraq introduced the Hadharem to <a href="/wiki/Ibadi_Islam" title="Ibadi Islam">Ibadi Islam</a> in the mid eighth century until in 951 AD when Sunnis took Hadhramaut and put it under their domain. To this day the Hadharem follow Sunni, specifically the <a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i_school" title="Shafi'i school">Shafi'</a> school. Hadharem women have had more freedom and education than women in many other Arab countries.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadharem&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hadharem speak <a href="/wiki/Hadhrami_Arabic" title="Hadhrami Arabic">Hadhrami Arabic</a>, a dialect of <a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Arabic" title="Varieties of Arabic">Arabic</a>, although Hadharem living in the diaspora that have acculturated mainly speak the local language of the region they live in.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diaspora">Diaspora</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadharem&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Diaspora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hadharem have a long seafaring and trading tradition that predates Semitic cultures. Hadramite influence was later overshadowed by the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Sabaeans" title="Sabaeans">Sabaeans</a>, who became the ruling class. This prompted Hadhrami seamen to emigrate in large numbers around the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> basin, including the <a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Swahili_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Swahili Coast">Swahili Coast</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar Coast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad, India">Hyderabad</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime Southeast Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the mid 1930s the Hadhrami Diaspora numbered at 110,000, amounting to a third of the total Hadhrami population.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hadharem_in_the_Persian_Gulf">Hadharem in the Persian Gulf</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadharem&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hadharem in the Persian Gulf"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hadharami communities exist in western Yemen, the trading ports of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Arab states of the Persian Gulf">Arab states of the Persian Gulf</a>, and on the coast of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a>. The money changers in <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> have historically been of Hadhrami origin.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hadhrami_immigrants_at_Surabaya_1920s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Hadhrami_immigrants_at_Surabaya_1920s.jpg/220px-Hadhrami_immigrants_at_Surabaya_1920s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Hadhrami_immigrants_at_Surabaya_1920s.jpg/330px-Hadhrami_immigrants_at_Surabaya_1920s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Hadhrami_immigrants_at_Surabaya_1920s.jpg/440px-Hadhrami_immigrants_at_Surabaya_1920s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="461" /></a><figcaption>Hadhrami immigrants in <a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya (Indonesia)</a>, 1920</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hadhrami_Arab_neighborhood,_Surabaya_1880.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hadhrami_Arab_neighborhood%2C_Surabaya_1880.jpg/220px-Hadhrami_Arab_neighborhood%2C_Surabaya_1880.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hadhrami_Arab_neighborhood%2C_Surabaya_1880.jpg/330px-Hadhrami_Arab_neighborhood%2C_Surabaya_1880.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hadhrami_Arab_neighborhood%2C_Surabaya_1880.jpg/440px-Hadhrami_Arab_neighborhood%2C_Surabaya_1880.jpg 2x" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="461" /></a><figcaption>Hadhrami Arab neighborhood in Surabaya, 1880</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hadharim_of_Palembang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hadharim_of_Palembang.jpg/220px-Hadharim_of_Palembang.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hadharim_of_Palembang.jpg/330px-Hadharim_of_Palembang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hadharim_of_Palembang.jpg/440px-Hadharim_of_Palembang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3064" data-file-height="2208" /></a><figcaption>Hadharem of <a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a>, 22 February 1937</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hadhrami_East_Africans">Hadhrami East Africans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadharem&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hadhrami East Africans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hadharem have long had a presence in the Horn of Africa (<a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>), and also comprise a notable part of the <a href="/wiki/Harari_people" title="Harari people">Harari</a> population. Hadhrami settlers were instrumental in helping to consolidate the <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> community in the coastal <a href="/wiki/Benadir" class="mw-redirect" title="Benadir">Benadir</a> province of Somalia, in particular.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the colonial period, disgruntled Hadharem from the tribal wars settled in various Somali towns.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were also frequently recruited into the armies of the <a href="/wiki/Somali_aristocratic_and_court_titles" title="Somali aristocratic and court titles">Somali Sultanates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some Hadhrami communities also reportedly exist in <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hadhrami_Jews">Hadhrami Jews</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadharem&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hadhrami Jews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The vast majority of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Hadramaut" title="History of the Jews in Hadramaut">Hadhrami Jews</a> now <a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jews_in_Israel" title="Yemenite Jews in Israel">live in Israel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_Hadhrami_Diaspora">List of Hadhrami Diaspora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadharem&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: List of Hadhrami Diaspora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Moors" title="Sri Lankan Moors">Sri Lankan Moors</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Filipino" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Filipino">Arab Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Indonesian" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Indonesian">Arab Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Malaysian" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Malaysian">Arab Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Singaporean" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Singaporean">Arab Singaporean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaush" title="Chaush">Chaush</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Shaikh#The_Sodagar" title="Gujarati Shaikh">Sodagar (Gujarati Shaikh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_Muslims" title="Konkani Muslims">Konkani Muslims</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Konkan_division" title="Konkan division">Konkani division</a> of <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a><sup id="cite_ref-Khalidi1996_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalidi1996-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (partially)<sup id="cite_ref-Wink1991_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wink1991-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawayath" title="Nawayath">Nawayath</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, India; <a href="/wiki/Barkas,_Hyderabad" title="Barkas, Hyderabad">Barkas, Hyderabad</a>, India<sup id="cite_ref-Khalidi1996_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalidi1996-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wink1991_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wink1991-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mappila" class="mw-redirect" title="Mappila">Mappila</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, India<sup id="cite_ref-Khalidi1996_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalidi1996-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wink1991_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wink1991-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Hadramaut" title="History of the Jews in Hadramaut">Hadhrami Jews</a> in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and abroad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Muslims#Bharuchi_and_Surti_Muslims" title="Gujarati Muslims">The Surti Sunni Vohra Community</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> that are partially of Hadhrami descent<sup id="cite_ref-Khalidi1996_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalidi1996-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wink1991_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wink1991-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemba_people" title="Lemba people">Lemba people (Sena)</a> who are of paternal Yemeni ancestry via Hadhramautic settlers in South East Africa; These Hadhrami settlers were primarily from the city of <a href="/wiki/Sena,_Yemen" title="Sena, Yemen">Sana</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadharem&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hadramawt_400_BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Hadramawt_400_BC.jpg/220px-Hadramawt_400_BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Hadramawt_400_BC.jpg/330px-Hadramawt_400_BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Hadramawt_400_BC.jpg/440px-Hadramawt_400_BC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1660" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>South Semitic Kingdom of Hadramawt in 400 BC</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yemen">Yemen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadharem&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Yemen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Al-Hadhrami" title="Mohammed Al-Hadhrami">Mohammed A. Al-Hadhrami</a>, former Foreign Minister of the Republic of Yemen (2019-2020)</li> <li>Waleed salam Bills wad Bin Hilabi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Al-Rahman_Ali_Al-Jifri" title="Abd Al-Rahman Ali Al-Jifri">Abd Al-Rahman Ali Al-Jifri</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulaziz_Al-Saqqaf" title="Abdulaziz Al-Saqqaf">Abdulaziz Al-Saqqaf</a>, human-rights activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_Bin_Shamlan" title="Faisal Bin Shamlan">Faisal Bin Shamlan</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_Ali_al-Jifri" class="mw-redirect" title="Habib Ali al-Jifri">Habib Ali al-Jifri</a>, Islamic scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_Umar_bin_Hafiz" class="mw-redirect" title="Habib Umar bin Hafiz">Habib Umar bin Hafiz</a>, Islamic scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imam_al-Haddad" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam al-Haddad">Habib Abdullah bin Alwi al-Haddad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> saint</li> <li>Imam <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Faqih_Muqaddam" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad al-Faqih Muqaddam">Muhammad al-Faqih Muqaddam</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Ba_%27Alawiyya" title="Ba 'Alawiyya">Ba'alawi</a> Sufi order</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Abu_Bakr_Al-Aidarus_(saint)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayyid Abu Bakr Al-Aidarus (saint)">Sayyid Abu Bakr Al-Aidarus (saint)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syed_Alwi_Jamalullail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syed Alwi Jamalullail (page does not exist)">Syed Alwi Jamalullail</a>, wali</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swahili_Coast">Swahili Coast</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadharem&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Swahili Coast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awadh_Saleh_Sherman" title="Awadh Saleh Sherman">Awadh Saleh Sherman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, businessman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najib_Balala" title="Najib Balala">Najib Balala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, former Minister of Tourism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Abdallah_Mohamed_Sambi" title="Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi">Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi</a>, former <a href="/wiki/President_of_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Comoros">President of Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_Salih" title="Habib Salih">Habib Salih</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lamu" title="Lamu">Lamu</a>, Kenya, religious scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khadija_Abdalla_Bajaber" title="Khadija Abdalla Bajaber">Khadija Abdalla Bajaber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombasa</a>, Kenya, poet and novelist</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohamed_Saleh_Bawazir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohamed Saleh Bawazir (page does not exist)">Mohamed Saleh Bawazir</a>, businessman and philanthropist</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taib_Ali_Bajaber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taib Ali Bajaber (page does not exist)">Taib Ali Bajaber</a>, former mayor of Mombasa</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bushra_Mohamed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bushra Mohamed (page does not exist)">Bushra Mohamed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenyans_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Kenyans in the United Kingdom">British-Kenyan</a>, Architect, Academic & Writer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Africa">North Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadharem&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: North Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artega_tribe" title="Artega tribe">Artega tribe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Babkeer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Babkeer (page does not exist)">Babkeer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Horn_of_Africa">Horn of Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadharem&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Horn of Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Al_Amoudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Al Amoudi">Mohammed Al Amoudi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, businessman</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadharem&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Baswedan" title="Abdurrahman Baswedan">Abdurrahman Baswedan</a>, Journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Shihab" title="Abdurrahman Shihab">Abdurrahman Shihab</a>, Academic and Politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najwa_Shihab" title="Najwa Shihab">Najwa Shihab</a>, Journalist and tv presenter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakar_Bashir" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Bakar Bashir">Abu Bakar Bashir</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Jamaah_Islamiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaah Islamiyah">Jamaah Islamiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Alatas" title="Ali Alatas">Ali Alatas</a>, former Foreign Minister</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_bin_Abdullah_Al_Saqqaf" title="Ahmad bin Abdullah Al Saqqaf">Ahmad bin Abdullah Al Saqqaf</a>, novelist and poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alwi_Shihab" title="Alwi Shihab">Alwi Shihab</a>, former Foreign Minister, special envoy to <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> and <a href="/wiki/OIC" class="mw-redirect" title="OIC">OIC</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anies_Baswedan" title="Anies Baswedan">Anies Baswedan</a>, scholar, former Education Minister, Governor of <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a> (2017-2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadiem_Anwar_Makarim" class="mw-redirect" title="Nadiem Anwar Makarim">Nadiem Anwar Makarim</a>, Minister of Education and Culture</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fadel_Muhammad" title="Fadel Muhammad">Fadel Muhammad al-Haddar</a>, former Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuad_Hassan" title="Fuad Hassan">Fuad Hassan</a>, Minister of Education and Culture</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_Algadri" title="Hamid Algadri">Hamid Algadri</a>, a figure in Indonesian National Revolution and member of parliament</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Hamid_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Hamid II">Sultan Hamid II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontianak_Sultanate" title="Pontianak Sultanate">Pontianak Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_Abdoe%27r_Rahman_Alzahier" class="mw-redirect" title="Habib Abdoe'r Rahman Alzahier">Habib Abdoe'r Rahman Alzahier</a>, religious leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_Ali_Kwitang" class="mw-redirect" title="Habib Ali Kwitang">Habib Ali al-Habshi of Kwitang</a>, religious leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_Munzir_Al-Musawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Habib Munzir Al-Musawa">Habib Munzir Al-Musawa</a>, Islamic cleric</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Rizieq_Shihab" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Rizieq Shihab">Habib Rizieq Shihab</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Defenders_Front" title="Islamic Defenders Front">FPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_Usman_bin_Yahya" class="mw-redirect" title="Habib Usman bin Yahya">Habib Usman bin Yahya</a>, Mufti of Batavia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jafar_Umar_Thalib" title="Jafar Umar Thalib">Jafar Umar Thalib</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Laskar_Jihad" title="Laskar Jihad">Laskar Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Badaruddin_II" title="Mahmud Badaruddin II">Sultan Badaruddin II</a>, Sultan of Palembang</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munir_Said_Thalib" title="Munir Said Thalib">Munir Said Thalib Al-Kathiri</a>, human rights activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuruddin_ar-Raniri" title="Nuruddin ar-Raniri">Nuruddin ar-Raniri</a>, Islamic scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quraish_Shihab" title="Quraish Shihab">Quraish Shihab</a>, Islamic scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raden_Saleh" title="Raden Saleh">Raden Saleh</a>, Artist/painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_Naum" title="Said Naum">Said Naum</a>, a philanthropist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Abdullah_Al-Aidarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayyid Abdullah Al-Aidarus">Sayyid Abdullah Al-Aidarus</a>, religious leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andi_Soraya" title="Andi Soraya">Andi Soraya</a>, Actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Albar" title="Ahmad Albar">Ahmad Albar</a>, Musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Siak_Sri_Indrapura" title="Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura">Siak Sultanate</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Timor">East Timor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadharem&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: East Timor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mari_Alkatiri" title="Mari Alkatiri">Mari Alkatiri</a>, former Prime Minister</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malaysia">Malaysia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadharem&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Malaysia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alwi_bin_Thahir_al-Haddad" title="Alwi bin Thahir al-Haddad">Habib Alwi bin Thahir al-Haddad</a>, former Mufti of Johor Bahru</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Muhammad_Naquib_al-Attas" title="Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas">Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas</a>, philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Hussein_Alatas" title="Syed Hussein Alatas">Syed Hussein Alatas</a>, politician and sociologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Abdul_Kadir" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir">Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir</a>, writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Hamid_Albar" title="Syed Hamid Albar">Syed Hamid Albar</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Jaafar_Albar" title="Syed Jaafar Albar">Syed Jaafar Albar</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Sheh_Hassan_Barakbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Syed Sheh Hassan Barakbah">Syed Sheh Hassan Barakbah</a>, judge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syarif_Masahor" title="Syarif Masahor">Syarif Masahor</a>, warrior</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Mokhtar_Al-Bukhary" class="mw-redirect" title="Syed Mokhtar Al-Bukhary">Syed Mokhtar Al-Bukhary</a> businessman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Nasir_Ismail" title="Syed Nasir Ismail">Syed Nasir Ismail</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tun_Habib_Abdul_Majid" title="Tun Habib Abdul Majid">Tun Habib Abdul Majid</a>, Grand Vizier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeti_Akhtar_Aziz" title="Zeti Akhtar Aziz">Zeti Akhtar Aziz</a>, former governor of Central Bank</li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Jamalullail_(Perak)" title="House of Jamalullail (Perak)">House of Jamalullail (Perak)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Jamalullail_(Perlis)" title="House of Jamalullail (Perlis)">House of Jamalullail (Perlis)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Singapore">Singapore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadharem&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Singapore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hadharem presence in Singapore came from encouragement of <a href="/wiki/Stamford_Raffles" title="Stamford Raffles">Stamford Raffles</a> to trade in his newly established <a href="/wiki/Singapore_in_the_Straits_Settlements" title="Singapore in the Straits Settlements">colony of Singapore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alsagoff_family" title="Alsagoff family">Alsagoff family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Abdul_Rahman_Alsagoff" title="Syed Abdul Rahman Alsagoff">Syed Abdul Rahman Alsagoff</a>, merchant</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Mohamed_Alsagoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Syed Mohamed Alsagoff">Syed Mohamed Alsagoff</a>, military leader</li> <li>Syed Sharif Omar bin Ali Al Junied, merchant and namesake of <a href="/wiki/Aljunied" title="Aljunied">Aljunied Road</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Asia">South Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadharem&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: South Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Bin_Abdullah_Balala" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Bin Abdullah Balala">Ahmed Bin Abdullah Balala</a>, Indian politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Abdullah_Masdoosi" title="Ahmed Abdullah Masdoosi">Ahmed Abdullah Masdoosi</a>, Indian activist and lawyer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuruddin_ar-Raniri" title="Nuruddin ar-Raniri">Nuruddin ar-Raniri</a>, Indian Islamic scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jalal" title="Shah Jalal">Shah Jalal</a>, Sufi saint in Bengal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Paran" title="Shah Paran">Shah Paran</a>, Sufi saint in Bengal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhani_ba_Yunus" class="mw-redirect" title="Subhani ba Yunus">Subhani ba Yunus</a>, Pakistani actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmed_El_Edroos" title="Syed Ahmed El Edroos">Syed Ahmed El Edroos</a>, Indian Army general of Hyderabad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_Areeb" title="Sulaiman Areeb">Sulaiman Areeb</a>, Indian poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awaz_Sayeed" title="Awaz Sayeed">Awaz Sayeed</a>, Indian writer and poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayed_Farooq_Rahman" title="Sayed Farooq Rahman">Sayed Farooq Rahman</a>, Bangladeshi politician and army officer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qatar">Qatar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadharem&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Qatar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bawazir family <sup id="cite_ref-sunypress.edu_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sunypress.edu-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bayazid family</li> <li>Bin Hilabi family</li> <li>Bahantoush Al-Kindi family</li> <li>Abu Futtaim family <sup id="cite_ref-sunypress.edu_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sunypress.edu-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Belgaith family <sup id="cite_ref-sunypress.edu_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sunypress.edu-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bakhamees family <sup id="cite_ref-sunypress.edu_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sunypress.edu-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Al Attas family <sup id="cite_ref-sunypress.edu_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sunypress.edu-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Al Kathiri family <sup id="cite_ref-sunypress.edu_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sunypress.edu-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Baharoon family <sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bin Shahbal family <sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Al Jeenadi/Junaidi <sup id="cite_ref-sunypress.edu_20-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sunypress.edu-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Al Amoodi <sup id="cite_ref-sunypress.edu_20-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sunypress.edu-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saudi_Arabia">Saudi Arabia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadharem&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Saudi Arabia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bin_Laden_family" title="Bin Laden family">Bin Laden family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Al_Amoudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Al Amoudi">Mohammed Al Amoudi</a>, businessman</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bin_Gursain_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bin Gursain family (page does not exist)">Bin Gursain family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_bin_Mahfouz" title="Khalid bin Mahfouz">Khalid bin Mahfouz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdullah_Bugshan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdullah Bugshan (page does not exist)">Abdullah Bugshan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadharem&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hadramout_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadramout Region">Hadhramout Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Indonesians" title="Arab Indonesians">Arab Indonesians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrami_sheikhdom" title="Hadrami sheikhdom">Hadrami sheikhdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Hadramaut" title="History of the Jews in Hadramaut">History of the Jews in Hadramaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun al-Hadrami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemba_people" title="Lemba people">Lemba people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jews" title="Yemenite Jews">Yemenite Jews</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadharem&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2024" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Victoria R. 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Washington, D.C.: The Division. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/somaliacountryst00metz/page/10">10</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780844407753" title="Special:BookSources/9780844407753"><bdi>9780844407753</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/93016246">93016246</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/27642849">27642849</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Somalia%3A+A+country+study&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=10&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=The+Division&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F27642849&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F93016246&rft.isbn=9780844407753&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsomaliacountryst00metz%2Fpage%2F10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadharem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_Guennec1997" class="citation book cs1">Le Guennec, Francoise (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gBTbS4eNGp8C&pg=PA165">"Changing Patterns of Hadrahmi Migration and Social Integration in East Africa"</a>. In Freitag, Ulrike; Clarence-Smith, William G. (eds.). <i>Hadhrami Traders, Scholars and Statesmen in the Indian Ocean, 1750s to 1960s</i>. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">BRILL</a>. p. 165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004107717" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004107717"><bdi>978-9004107717</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Changing+Patterns+of+Hadrahmi+Migration+and+Social+Integration+in+East+Africa&rft.btitle=Hadhrami+Traders%2C+Scholars+and+Statesmen+in+the+Indian+Ocean%2C+1750s+to+1960s&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-9004107717&rft.aulast=Le+Guennec&rft.aufirst=Francoise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgBTbS4eNGp8C%26pg%3DPA165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadharem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatz" class="citation web cs1">Katz, Joseph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eretzyisroel.org/~jkatz/arabia.html">"The Jewish Kingdoms of Arabia"</a>. <i>www.eretzyisroel.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Arab+trader%27s+role+in+Singapore+landmark&rft.date=2015-09-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fsingapore%2Farab-traders-role-in-singapore-landmark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadharem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sunypress.edu-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sunypress.edu_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sunypress.edu_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sunypress.edu_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sunypress.edu_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sunypress.edu_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sunypress.edu_20-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sunypress.edu_20-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sunypress.edu_20-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">chromeextension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://sunypress.edu/content/download/450918/5482403/version/1/file/9780791452172_imported2_excerpt.pdf">https://sunypress.edu/content/download/450918/5482403/version/1/file/9780791452172_imported2_excerpt.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/edcollbook/title/15216">"The Hadhrami Diaspora in Southeast Asia: Identity Maintenance or Assimilation?"</a>, <i>The Hadhrami Diaspora in Southeast Asia</i>, Brill, 15 February 2009, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-474-2578-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-474-2578-6"><bdi>978-90-474-2578-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hadhrami+Diaspora+in+Southeast+Asia&rft.atitle=The+Hadhrami+Diaspora+in+Southeast+Asia%3A+Identity+Maintenance+or+Assimilation%3F&rft.date=2009-02-15&rft.isbn=978-90-474-2578-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fedcollbook%2Ftitle%2F15216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadharem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_22-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_22-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_22-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_22-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_22-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.compas.ox.ac.uk/project/converging-cultures-hadrami-diaspora-indian-ocean/">"Converging cultures: The Hadrami diaspora in the Indian Ocean - COMPAS"</a>. <i>COMPAS - Migration research at the University of Oxford</i>. 25 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=COMPAS+-+Migration+research+at+the+University+of+Oxford&rft.atitle=Converging+cultures%3A+The+Hadrami+diaspora+in+the+Indian+Ocean+-+COMPAS&rft.date=2013-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.compas.ox.ac.uk%2Fproject%2Fconverging-cultures-hadrami-diaspora-indian-ocean%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadharem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://sunypress.edu/content/download/450918/5482403/version/1/file/9780791452172_imported2_excerpt.pdf">https://sunypress.edu/content/download/450918/5482403/version/1/file/9780791452172_imported2_excerpt.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadharem&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbaza2009" class="citation book cs1">Abaza, Mona (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S3nlvRJyjUEC&pg=PA250">"M. Asad Shahab: A Portrait of an Indonesian Hadrami Who Bridged the Two Worlds"</a>. In Tagliacozzo, Eric (ed.). <i>Southeast Asia and the Middle East: Islam, Movement, and the Longue Durée</i>. NUS Press. pp. 250–274. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789971694241" title="Special:BookSources/9789971694241"><bdi>9789971694241</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/260294282">260294282</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=M.+Asad+Shahab%3A+A+Portrait+of+an+Indonesian+Hadrami+Who+Bridged+the+Two+Worlds&rft.btitle=Southeast+Asia+and+the+Middle+East%3A+Islam%2C+Movement%2C+and+the+Longue+Dur%C3%A9e&rft.pages=250-274&rft.pub=NUS+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F260294282&rft.isbn=9789971694241&rft.aulast=Abaza&rft.aufirst=Mona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS3nlvRJyjUEC%26pg%3DPA250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadharem" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbushoukIbrahim2009" class="citation book cs1">Abushouk, Ahmed Ibrahim; Ibrahim, Hassan Ahmed, eds. (2009). <i>The Hadhrami diaspora in Southeast Asia: Identity maintenance or assimilation?</i>. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004172319" title="Special:BookSources/9789004172319"><bdi>9789004172319</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1385-3376">1385-3376</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/568619869">568619869</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hadhrami+diaspora+in+Southeast+Asia%3A+Identity+maintenance+or+assimilation%3F&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F568619869&rft.issn=1385-3376&rft.isbn=9789004172319&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadharem" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>AHMED BIN SALAM BAHIYAL who came from hadramaut to MAHABUBNAGAR (HYDERABAD) INDIA, 1821</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAli1996" class="citation book cs1">Ali, Shanti Sadiq (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-3CPc22nMqIC&pg=PA193">"Chapter 9: The Importation of Arabs and Africans into Hyderabad"</a>. <i>The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/Orient_Blackswan" title="Orient Blackswan">Orient Blackswan</a>. pp. 193–202. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788125004851" title="Special:BookSources/9788125004851"><bdi>9788125004851</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+9%3A+The+Importation+of+Arabs+and+Africans+into+Hyderabad&rft.btitle=The+African+Dispersal+in+the+Deccan%3A+From+Medieval+to+Modern+Times&rft.pages=193-202&rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9788125004851&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=Shanti+Sadiq&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-3CPc22nMqIC%26pg%3DPA193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadharem" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAljunied2007" class="citation journal cs1">Aljunied, Syed Muhd Khairudin (2007). "The Role of Hadramis in Post-Second World War Singapore – A Reinterpretation". <i>Immigrants & Minorities</i>. <b>25</b> (2): 163–183. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02619280802018165">10.1080/02619280802018165</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-9288">0261-9288</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144316388">144316388</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Immigrants+%26+Minorities&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Hadramis+in+Post-Second+World+War+Singapore+%E2%80%93+A+Reinterpretation&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=163-183&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144316388%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0261-9288&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02619280802018165&rft.aulast=Aljunied&rft.aufirst=Syed+Muhd+Khairudin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadharem" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Saqqaf2008" class="citation journal cs1">Al-Saqqaf, Abdullah Hassan (2008). "The Linguistics of Loanwords in Hadrami Arabic". <i>International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 75–93. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13670050608668631">10.1080/13670050608668631</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1367-0050">1367-0050</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145299220">145299220</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Bilingual+Education+and+Bilingualism&rft.atitle=The+Linguistics+of+Loanwords+in+Hadrami+Arabic&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=75-93&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145299220%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1367-0050&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13670050608668631&rft.aulast=Al-Saqqaf&rft.aufirst=Abdullah+Hassan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadharem" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Saqqaf2012" class="citation book cs1">Al-Saqqaf, Abdullah Hassan (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://universitypublishingonline.org/ref/id/foundation/CBO9788175969346A024">"Arabic Literature in Diaspora: An Example from South Asia"</a>. In Raj, Rizio Yohannan (ed.). <i>Quest of a Discipline: New Academic Directions for Comparative Literature</i>. India: Foundation Books. pp. 191–212. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fcbo9788175969346.018">10.1017/cbo9788175969346.018</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788175969339" title="Special:BookSources/9788175969339"><bdi>9788175969339</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Arabic+Literature+in+Diaspora%3A+An+Example+from+South+Asia&rft.btitle=Quest+of+a+Discipline%3A+New+Academic+Directions+for+Comparative+Literature&rft.place=India&rft.pages=191-212&rft.pub=Foundation+Books&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fcbo9788175969346.018&rft.isbn=9788175969339&rft.aulast=Al-Saqqaf&rft.aufirst=Abdullah+Hassan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funiversitypublishingonline.org%2Fref%2Fid%2Ffoundation%2FCBO9788175969346A024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadharem" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBang2003" class="citation book cs1">Bang, Anne K. (2003). <i>Sufis and scholars of the sea: Family networks in East Africa, 1860-1925</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415317634" title="Special:BookSources/9780415317634"><bdi>9780415317634</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51879622">51879622</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sufis+and+scholars+of+the+sea%3A+Family+networks+in+East+Africa%2C+1860-1925&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51879622&rft.isbn=9780415317634&rft.aulast=Bang&rft.aufirst=Anne+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadharem" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoxberger2002" class="citation book cs1">Boxberger, Linda (2002). <i>On the edge of empire: Hadhramawt, emigration, and the Indian Ocean, 1880s-1930s</i>. SUNY Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780791452172" title="Special:BookSources/9780791452172"><bdi>9780791452172</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2472-954X">2472-954X</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/53226033">53226033</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+edge+of+empire%3A+Hadhramawt%2C+emigration%2C+and+the+Indian+Ocean%2C+1880s-1930s&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F53226033&rft.issn=2472-954X&rft.isbn=9780791452172&rft.aulast=Boxberger&rft.aufirst=Linda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadharem" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreitag1999" class="citation journal cs1">Freitag, Ulrike (1999). "Hadhramaut: A Religious Centre for the Indian Ocean in the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries?". <i>Studia Islamica</i> (89): 165–183. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1596090">10.2307/1596090</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1596090">1596090</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Islamica&rft.atitle=Hadhramaut%3A+A+Religious+Centre+for+the+Indian+Ocean+in+the+Late+19th+and+Early+20th+Centuries%3F&rft.issue=89&rft.pages=165-183&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1596090&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1596090%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Freitag&rft.aufirst=Ulrike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadharem" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreitag2009" class="citation book cs1">Freitag, Ulrike (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S3nlvRJyjUEC&pg=PA235">"From Golden Youth in Arabia to Business Leaders in Singapore: Instructions of a Hadrami Patriarch"</a>. 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NUS Press. pp. 235–249. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789971694241" title="Special:BookSources/9789971694241"><bdi>9789971694241</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/260294282">260294282</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+Golden+Youth+in+Arabia+to+Business+Leaders+in+Singapore%3A+Instructions+of+a+Hadrami+Patriarch&rft.btitle=Southeast+Asia+and+the+Middle+East%3A+Islam%2C+movement%2C+and+the+Longue+Dur%C3%A9e&rft.pages=235-249&rft.pub=NUS+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F260294282&rft.isbn=9789971694241&rft.aulast=Freitag&rft.aufirst=Ulrike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS3nlvRJyjUEC%26pg%3DPA235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadharem" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobsen2008" class="citation book cs1">Jacobsen, Frode F. 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Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780203884614" title="Special:BookSources/9780203884614"><bdi>9780203884614</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/310362117">310362117</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hadrami+Arabs+in+present-day+Indonesia%3A+An+Indonesia-oriented+group+with+an+Arab+signature&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F310362117&rft.isbn=9780203884614&rft.aulast=Jacobsen&rft.aufirst=Frode+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadharem" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalidi1996" class="citation book cs1">Khalidi, Omar (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O_WNqSH4ByQC&pg=PA52">"The Arabs of Hadramawt in Hyderabad: Mystics, Mercenaries and Money-lenders"</a>. 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Bombay, India: Popular Prakashan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788171545797" title="Special:BookSources/9788171545797"><bdi>9788171545797</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Arabs+of+Hadramawt+in+Hyderabad%3A+Mystics%2C+Mercenaries+and+Money-lenders&rft.btitle=Mediaeval+Deccan+History%3A+Commemoration+Volume+in+Honour+of+Purshottam+Mahadeo+Joshi&rft.place=Bombay%2C+India&rft.pub=Popular+Prakashan&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9788171545797&rft.aulast=Khalidi&rft.aufirst=Omar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO_WNqSH4ByQC%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadharem" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMangerAssal2006" class="citation book cs1">Manger, Leif; Assal, Munzoul A. 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Stylus Pub Llc, Nordiska Afrikainstitutet. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789171065636" title="Special:BookSources/9789171065636"><bdi>9789171065636</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/74650767">74650767</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Hadrami+Diaspora+in+the+Sudan&rft.btitle=Diasporas+within+and+without+Africa%3A+Dynamism%2C+heterogeneity%2C+variation&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Stylus+Pub+Llc%2C+Nordiska+Afrikainstitutet&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F74650767&rft.isbn=9789171065636&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.kb.se%2Fresolve%3Furn%3Durn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Anai%3Adiva-502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadharem" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManger2007" class="citation journal cs1">Manger, Leif (2007). 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Cuvillier Verlag. p. 204. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783865372062" title="Special:BookSources/9783865372062"><bdi>9783865372062</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+African+Indian+Community+in+Hyderabad%3A+Siddi+Identity%2C+Its+Maintenance+and+Change&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=Cuvillier+Verlag&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9783865372062&rft.aulast=Yimene&rft.aufirst=Ababu+Minda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDigPvwHTqJ4C%26pg%3DPA201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadharem" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Middle_Eastern_people_in_Metro_Detroit" title="History of the Middle Eastern people in Metro Detroit">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Yemen" title="Little Yemen">Bronx</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azmatkhan" title="Azmatkhan">Azmatkhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaush_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaush (India)">Chaush</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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