Key financial data – RELX - Information-based analytics and decision tools

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class="level2"><a href="/investors/results/2024"><span>Results</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-annual-reports-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/annual-reports/2023"><span>Annual reports</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-share-price-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/share-price/lse"><span>Share price</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-financial-calendar-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/financial-calendar"><span>Financial calendar</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-key-financial-data-level2" class="level2 current"><a href="/investors/key-financial-data"><span>Key financial data</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-analyst-coverage-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/analyst-coverage"><span>Analyst coverage</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-regulatory-news-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/regulatory-news"><span>Regulatory news</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-corporate-governance-level2" class="level2 haschildren"><a 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with shareholders</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-internal-controls-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/internal-controls"><span>Internal controls</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-tax-principles-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/tax-principles"><span>Tax principles</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-articles-of-association-level3" class="level3 last"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/articles-of-association"><span>Articles of association</span></a></li> </ul></li><li id="mobi-nav-debt-investors-level2" class="level2 haschildren last"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/funding-strategy"><span>Debt investors</span></a><ul id="mobi-section-debt-investors-level3"> <li id="mobi-nav-funding-strategy-level3" class="level3 first"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/funding-strategy"><span>Funding strategy</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-issuing-companies-and-guarantors-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/issuing-companies-and-guarantors"><span>Issuing companies and guarantor</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-term-debt-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/term-debt"><span>Term debt</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-maturity-profile-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/maturity-profile"><span>Maturity profile</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-capital-structure-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/capital-structure"><span>Capital structure</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-commercial-paper-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/commercial-paper"><span>Commercial paper</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-back-up-facilities-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/back-up-facilities"><span>Back up facilities</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-credit-ratings-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/credit-ratings"><span>Credit ratings</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-debt-investor-contacts-level3" class="level3 last"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/debt-investor-contacts"><span>Debt investor contacts</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li><li id="mobi-nav-corporate-responsibility-level1" class="level1 haschildren"><a href="/corporate-responsibility"><span>Corporate Responsibility</span></a><ul id="mobi-section-corporate-responsibility-level2"> <li id="mobi-nav-being-a-responsible-business-level2" class="level2 haschildren first"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/unique-contributions"><span>Being a responsible business</span></a><ul id="mobi-section-being-a-responsible-business-level3"> <li id="mobi-nav-unique-contributions-level3" class="level3 first"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/unique-contributions"><span>Unique contributions</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-governance-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/governance"><span>Governance</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-people-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/people"><span>People</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-customers-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/customers"><span>Customers</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-community-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/community"><span>Community</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-supply-chain-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/supply-chain"><span>Supply chain</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-environment-level3" class="level3 last"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/environment"><span>Environment</span></a></li> </ul></li><li id="mobi-nav-engaging-others-level2" class="level2 haschildren last"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/engaging-others/cr-news-and-viewpoints"><span>Engaging others</span></a><ul id="mobi-section-engaging-others-level3"> <li id="mobi-nav-cr-news-and-viewpoints-level3" class="level3 first"><a href="/our-business/perspectives/collections/our-world"><span>CR news & viewpoints</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-policies-and-downloads-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/engaging-others/policies-and-downloads"><span>Policies & downloads</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-working-with-the-un-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/engaging-others/working-with-the-un"><span>Working with the UN</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-relx-group-environmental-challenge-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/engaging-others/relx-group-environmental-challenge"><span>RELX Environmental Challenge</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-recognition-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/engaging-others/recognition"><span>Recognition</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-sdg-resource-centre-level3" class="level3"><a target="_blank" href="https://sdgresources.relx.com"><span>SDG Resource Centre</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-modern-slavery-act-statement-level3" class="level3 last"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.relx.com/~/media/Files/R/RELX-Group/documents/responsibility/relx-slavery-statement-2024.pdf"><span>Modern Slavery Act Statement</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li><li id="mobi-nav-careers-level1" class="level1 haschildren"><a href="/careers"><span>Careers</span></a><ul id="mobi-section-careers-level2"> <li id="mobi-nav-why-relx-level2" class="level2 first"><a href="/careers/why-relx"><span>Why RELX?</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-experienced-professional-level2" class="level2"><a href="/careers/experienced-professional"><span>Experienced professionals</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-graduates-and-early-careers-level2" class="level2"><a href="/careers/graduates-and-early-careers"><span>Graduates and early careers</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-join-us-level2" class="level2"><a href="/careers/join-us"><span>Join us</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-meet-our-people-level2" class="level2 last"><a href="/careers/meet-our-people"><span>Meet our people</span></a></li> </ul></li><li id="mobi-nav-media-level1" class="level1 haschildren last"><a href="/media"><span>Media</span></a><ul id="mobi-section-media-level2"> <li id="mobi-nav-press-releases-level2" class="level2 first"><a href="/media/press-releases/year-2024"><span>Press releases</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-recent-media-coverage-level2" class="level2"><a href="/media/recent-media-coverage"><span>Recent Media Coverage</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-press-kit-level2" class="level2"><a href="/media/press-kit"><span>Press kit</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-video-gallery-level2" class="level2"><a href="/media/video-gallery"><span>Video 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class="level2"><a href="/our-business/strategy"><span>Strategy</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-market-segments-level2" class="level2 haschildren"><a href="/our-business/market-segments"><span>Market segments</span></a><ul id="hidden-section-market-segments-level3"> <li id="hidden-nav-risk-level3" class="level3 first"><a href="/our-business/market-segments/risk"><span>Risk</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-scientific-technical-and-medical-level3" class="level3"><a href="/our-business/market-segments/scientific-technical-and-medical"><span>Scientific, Technical & Medical</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-legal-level3" class="level3"><a href="/our-business/market-segments/legal"><span>Legal</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-exhibitions-level3" class="level3 last"><a href="/our-business/market-segments/exhibitions"><span>Exhibitions</span></a></li> </ul></li><li id="hidden-nav-board-of-directors-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/board-of-directors"><span>Board of Directors</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-board-committees-level2" class="level2"><a href="/our-business/board-committees/audit-committee"><span>Board Committees</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-business-leaders-level2" class="level2 last"><a href="/our-business/business-leaders"><span>Business leaders</span></a></li> </ul></li><li id="hidden-nav-investors-level1" class="level1 selected haschildren"><a href="/investors/investor-overview"><span>Investors</span></a><ul id="hidden-section-investors-level2"> <li id="hidden-nav-investor-overview-level2" class="level2 first"><a href="/investors/investor-overview"><span>Investor overview</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-investor-presentations-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/investor-presentations/2024"><span>Investor presentations</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-shareholder-information-level2" class="level2 haschildren"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information"><span>Shareholder information</span></a><ul id="hidden-section-shareholder-information-level3"> <li id="hidden-nav-dividend-information-level3" class="level3 first"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/dividend-information"><span>Dividend information</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-relx-plc-ordinary-shareholders-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/relx-plc-ordinary-shareholders"><span>RELX PLC ordinary shareholders</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-relx-plc-adr-shareholders-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/relx-plc-adr-shareholders"><span>RELX PLC ADR shareholders</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-agm-information-for-relx-plc-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/agm-information-for-relx-plc"><span>AGM and General Meeting information for RELX PLC </span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-corp-simplification-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/corp-simplification"><span>Corporate structure simplification - 2018</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-investor-contacts-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/investor-contacts"><span>Investor contacts</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-historic-information-for-relx-nv-level3" class="level3 last"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/historic-information-for-relx-nv"><span>Historic information for RELX NV</span></a></li> </ul></li><li id="hidden-nav-results-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/results/2024"><span>Results</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-annual-reports-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/annual-reports/2023"><span>Annual reports</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-share-price-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/share-price/lse"><span>Share price</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-financial-calendar-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/financial-calendar"><span>Financial calendar</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-key-financial-data-level2" class="level2 current"><a href="/investors/key-financial-data"><span>Key financial data</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-analyst-coverage-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/analyst-coverage"><span>Analyst coverage</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-regulatory-news-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/regulatory-news"><span>Regulatory news</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-corporate-governance-level2" class="level2 haschildren"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/corporate-governance-and-structure"><span>Corporate governance</span></a><ul id="hidden-section-corporate-governance-level3"> <li id="hidden-nav-corporate-governance-and-structure-level3" class="level3 first"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/corporate-governance-and-structure"><span>Corporate Governance and structure</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-board-of-directors-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/board-of-directors"><span>Board of Directors</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-board-committees-level3" class="level3"><a href="/our-business/board-committees"><span>Board Committees</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-code-of-ethics-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/code-of-ethics"><span>Code of Ethics and Reporting Concerns</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-relations-with-shareholders-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/relations-with-shareholders"><span>Relations with shareholders</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-internal-controls-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/internal-controls"><span>Internal controls</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-tax-principles-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/tax-principles"><span>Tax principles</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-articles-of-association-level3" class="level3 last"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/articles-of-association"><span>Articles of association</span></a></li> </ul></li><li id="hidden-nav-debt-investors-level2" class="level2 haschildren last"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/funding-strategy"><span>Debt investors</span></a><ul id="hidden-section-debt-investors-level3"> <li id="hidden-nav-funding-strategy-level3" class="level3 first"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/funding-strategy"><span>Funding strategy</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-issuing-companies-and-guarantors-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/issuing-companies-and-guarantors"><span>Issuing companies and guarantor</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-term-debt-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/term-debt"><span>Term debt</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-maturity-profile-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/maturity-profile"><span>Maturity profile</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-capital-structure-level3" 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href="/media/podcasts"><span>Podcasts</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div>   <a class="hide" name="maincontent" id="mainContent"> </a>  <div class="grey-overlay-banner-wrap"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <h1> Key financial data </h1> <div class="grey-banner-breadcrumb">  <div id="breadcrumb"> <a href="/">Home</a><span class="separator">|</span><a href="/investors/investor-overview">Investors</a><span class="separator">|</span><span>Key financial data</span> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="content-wrap stick-content content-switch-template"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="ir-top-head"> </div> <div class="col-md-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4"> <div class="ir-graph"> <div class="heads-wrap"> <div class="ir-graph-head"> REVENUE </div> <div class="ir-graph-subhead"> </div> </div> <div class="ir-graph-img"> <img src="/~/media/Images/R/RELX-Group/content-images/investors/key-financial-data/feb2024/g1-revenue-feb24.jpg?h=244&iar=0&w=390" alt="Revenue" width="390" height="244" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4"> <div class="ir-graph"> <div class="heads-wrap"> <div class="ir-graph-head"> ADJUSTED OPERATING PROFIT </div> <div class="ir-graph-subhead"> </div> </div> <div class="ir-graph-img"> <img src="/~/media/Images/R/RELX-Group/content-images/investors/key-financial-data/feb2024/g2-AOP-feb24.jpg?h=244&iar=0&w=390" alt="Adjusted operating profit" width="390" height="244" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4"> <div class="ir-graph"> <div class="heads-wrap"> <div class="ir-graph-head"> EBITDA MARGIN </div> <div class="ir-graph-subhead"> </div> </div> <div class="ir-graph-img"> <img src="/~/media/Images/R/RELX-Group/content-images/investors/key-financial-data/feb2024/g3-EBITDA-feb24.jpg?h=244&iar=0&w=390" alt="Adjusted earnings per share" width="390" height="244" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4"> <div class="ir-graph"> <div class="heads-wrap"> <div class="ir-graph-head"> ADJUSTED OPERATING MARGIN </div> <div class="ir-graph-subhead"> </div> </div> <div class="ir-graph-img"> <img src="/~/media/Images/R/RELX-Group/content-images/investors/key-financial-data/feb2024/g4-opmargin-feb24.jpg?h=244&iar=0&w=390" alt="Dividend per share" width="390" height="244" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4"> <div class="ir-graph"> <div class="heads-wrap"> <div class="ir-graph-head"> ADJUSTED EARNINGS PER SHARE </div> <div class="ir-graph-subhead"> </div> </div> <div class="ir-graph-img"> <img src="/~/media/Images/R/RELX-Group/content-images/investors/key-financial-data/feb2024/g5-EPS-feb24.jpg?h=244&iar=0&w=390" alt="Cash flow conversion" width="390" height="244" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4"> <div class="ir-graph"> <div class="heads-wrap"> <div class="ir-graph-head"> DIVIDEND PER SHARE </div> <div class="ir-graph-subhead"> </div> </div> <div class="ir-graph-img"> <img src="/~/media/Images/R/RELX-Group/content-images/investors/key-financial-data/feb2024/g6-dividend-feb24.jpg?h=244&iar=0&w=390" alt="ROIC" width="390" height="244" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4"> <div class="ir-graph"> <div class="heads-wrap"> <div class="ir-graph-head"> RETURN ON INVESTED CAPITAL </div> <div class="ir-graph-subhead"> </div> </div> <div class="ir-graph-img"> <img src="/~/media/Images/R/RELX-Group/content-images/investors/key-financial-data/feb2024/g7-ROIC-feb24.jpg?h=244&iar=0&w=390" alt="" width="390" height="244" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4"> <div class="ir-graph"> <div class="heads-wrap"> <div class="ir-graph-head"> ADJUSTED CASH FLOW CONVERSION </div> <div class="ir-graph-subhead"> </div> </div> <div class="ir-graph-img"> <img src="/~/media/Images/R/RELX-Group/content-images/investors/key-financial-data/feb2024/g8-cashflow-feb24.jpg?h=244&iar=0&w=390" alt="" width="390" height="244" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-8 col-xs-12"> <div class="main-content-show"> <div id="first-tab" class="my-content firsttab comnclass"> <div class="scroll-table-container"> <table class="rad-financialtable"> <thead> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Year ended 31 December</th> <th>2019 <br /> £m</th> <th>2020 <br /> £m</th> <th>2021 <br /> £m</th> <th>2022 <br /> £m</th> <th><span>2023</span> <br /> <span>£m</span> </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <th></th> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <th><strong>Adjusted figures</strong></th> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <th>Revenue </th> <td>7,874</td> <td>7,110</td> <td>7,244</td> <td>8,553</td> <td> 9,161</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Underlying revenue growth</th> <td class="rad-border">+4% </td> <td class="rad-border">-9% </td> <td class="rad-border">+7%</td> <td class="rad-border">+9%</td> <td class="rad-border">+8%</td> </tr> <tr> <th>EBITDA</th> <td>2,935</td> <td>2,567</td> <td>2,697</td> <td>3,174</td> <td>3,544</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Adjusted operating profit</th> <td>2,491 </td> <td>2,076 </td> <td>2,210 </td> <td>2,683 </td> <td>3,030  </td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Underlying adjusted operating profit growth</th> <td class="rad-border">+5%</td> <td class="rad-border">-18%</td> <td class="rad-border">+13%</td> <td class="rad-border">+15%</td> <td class="rad-border">+13%</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border"><em>Adjusted operating margin</em></th> <td class="rad-border"><em>31.6%</em> </td> <td class="rad-border"><em>29.2%</em> </td> <td class="rad-border"><em>30.5%</em></td> <td class="rad-border"><em>31.4%</em></td> <td class="rad-border"><em>33.1%</em> </td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Adjusted net interest expense</th> <td class="rad-border">-291</td> <td class="rad-border">-160</td> <td class="rad-border">-133</td> <td class="rad-border">-194</td> <td class="rad-border">-314</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Adjusted profit before tax</th> <td class="rad-border">2,200</td> <td class="rad-border">1,916</td> <td class="rad-border">2,077</td> <td class="rad-border">2,489</td> <td class="rad-border">2,716</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Adjusted tax</th> <td>-388</td> <td>-373</td> <td>-384</td> <td>-530</td> <td>-553</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Non-controlling interests</th> <td class="rad-border">-4</td> <td class="rad-border">16</td> <td class="rad-border">0</td> <td class="rad-border">2</td> <td class="rad-border">-7</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Adjusted net profit</th> <td class="rad-border">1,808</td> <td class="rad-border">1,543</td> <td class="rad-border">1,689</td> <td class="rad-border">1,961</td> <td class="rad-border">2,156</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Adjusted cash flow</th> <td>2,402</td> <td>2,009</td> <td>2,230</td> <td>2,709</td> <td>2,962</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border"><em>Cash flow conversion</em></th> <td class="rad-border"><em>96%</em></td> <td class="rad-border"><em>97%</em></td> <td class="rad-border"><em>101%</em></td> <td class="rad-border"><em>101%</em></td> <td class="rad-border"><em>98%</em></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Return on invested capital</th> <td class="rad-border">13.6%</td> <td class="rad-border">10.8%</td> <td class="rad-border">11.9%</td> <td class="rad-border">12.5%</td> <td class="rad-border">14.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Adjusted earnings per share</th> <td>93.0p</td> <td>80.1p</td> <td>87.6p</td> <td>102.2p</td> <td>114.0p</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Adjusted earnings per share growth at constant currencies</th> <td class="rad-border">+7%</td> <td class="rad-border">-15%</td> <td class="rad-border">+17%</td> <td class="rad-border">+10%</td> <td class="rad-border">+11%</td> </tr> <tr> <th></th> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <th><strong>Dividend</strong></th> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Ordinary dividend per share</th> <td class="rad-border">45.7p</td> <td class="rad-border">47.0p</td> <td class="rad-border">49.8p</td> <td class="rad-border">54.6p</td> <td class="rad-border">58.8p</td> </tr> <tr> <th></th> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <th><strong>Reported figures</strong></th> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Revenue</th> <td class="rad-border">7,874</td> <td class="rad-border">7,110</td> <td class="rad-border">7,244</td> <td class="rad-border">8,553</td> <td class="rad-border">9,161</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Reported operating profit</th> <td class="rad-border">2,101</td> <td class="rad-border">1,525</td> <td class="rad-border">1,884</td> <td class="rad-border">2,323</td> <td class="rad-border">2,682</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Reported profit before tax</th> <td class="rad-border">1,847</td> <td class="rad-border">1,483</td> <td class="rad-border">1,797</td> <td class="rad-border">2,113</td> <td class="rad-border">2,295</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Reported net profit</th> <td>1,505</td> <td>1,224</td> <td>1,471</td> <td>1,634</td> <td>1,781</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border"><em>Reported net margin</em></th> <td class="rad-border"><em>19.1%</em></td> <td class="rad-border"><em>17.2%</em></td> <td class="rad-border"><em>20.3%</em></td> <td class="rad-border"><em>19.1%</em></td> <td class="rad-border"><em>19.4%</em></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Net debt</th> <td class="rad-border">6,191</td> <td class="rad-border">6,898</td> <td class="rad-border">6,017</td> <td class="rad-border">6,604</td> <td class="rad-border">6,446</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Reported earnings per share</th> <td class="rad-border">77.4p</td> <td class="rad-border">63.5p</td> <td class="rad-border">76.3p</td> <td class="rad-border">85.2p</td> <td class="rad-border">94.1p</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p class="rad-notes"><em> RELX uses adjusted figures as additional performance measures. Adjusted figures primarily exclude the amortisation of acquired intangible assets and other items related to acquisitions and disposals, and the associated deferred tax movements. Underlying growth rates are calculated at constant currency, excluding the results of acquisitions until twelve months after purchase, and excluding the results of disposals and assets held for sale. Underlying revenue growth rates also exclude exhibition cycling, and timing effects. Constant currency growth rates are based on 2022 full-year average and hedge exchange rates.</em></p> <h3><span class="rad-thick">Business area analysis</span></h3> <div class="scroll-table-container"> <table class="rad-financialtable"> <thead> <tr> <th>Year to 31 December</th> <th>2019 <br /> £m</th> <th>2020 <br /> £m</th> <th>2021 <br /> £m</th> <th>2022 <br /> £m</th> <th><span>2023</span> <br /> <span>£m</span> </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <th><strong>Revenue</strong></th> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <th>Risk</th> <td>2,316</td> <td>2,417</td> <td>2,474</td> <td>2,909</td> <td>3,133</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Scientific, Technical & Medical</th> <td>2,637</td> <td>2,692</td> <td>2,649</td> <td>2,909</td> <td>3,062</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Legal</th> <td>1,652</td> <td>1,639</td> <td>1,587</td> <td>1,782</td> <td>1,851</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Exhibitions</th> <td class="rad-border">1,269</td> <td class="rad-border">362</td> <td class="rad-border">534</td> <td class="rad-border">953</td> <td class="rad-border">1,115</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border"></th> <td class="rad-border">7,874</td> <td class="rad-border">7,110</td> <td class="rad-border">7,244</td> <td class="rad-border">8,553</td> <td class="rad-border">9,161</td> </tr> <tr> <th><strong>Underlying revenue growth</strong></th> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <th>Risk</th> <td>+7%</td> <td>+3%</td> <td>+9%</td> <td>+8%</td> <td>+8%</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Scientific, Technical & Medical</th> <td>+2%</td> <td>+1%</td> <td>+3%</td> <td>+4%</td> <td>+4%</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Legal</th> <td>+2%</td> <td>+1%</td> <td>+3%</td> <td>+5%</td> <td>+6%</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Exhibitions</th> <td class="rad-border">+6%</td> <td class="rad-border">-69%</td> <td class="rad-border">+44%</td> <td class="rad-border">+64%</td> <td class="rad-border">+30%</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border"></th> <td class="rad-border">+4%</td> <td class="rad-border">-9%</td> <td class="rad-border">+7%</td> <td class="rad-border">+9%</td> <td class="rad-border">+8%</td> </tr> <tr> <th><strong>Adjusted operating profit</strong></th> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <th>Risk</th> <td>853 </td> <td>894 </td> <td>915</td> <td>1,078</td> <td>1,165</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Scientific, Technical & Medical</th> <td>982</td> <td>1,021 </td> <td>1,001</td> <td>1,100</td> <td>1,165</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Legal</th> <td>330 </td> <td>330 </td> <td>326</td> <td>372</td> <td>393</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Exhibitions</th> <td>331 </td> <td>(164) </td> <td>10</td> <td>162</td> <td>319</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Unallocated items</th> <td class="rad-border">-5 </td> <td class="rad-border">-5</td> <td class="rad-border">-42</td> <td class="rad-border">-29</td> <td class="rad-border">-12</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border"></th> <td class="rad-border">2,491 </td> <td class="rad-border">2,076 </td> <td class="rad-border">2,210</td> <td class="rad-border">2,683</td> <td class="rad-border">3,030</td> </tr> <tr> <th><strong>Underlying adjusted operating profit growth</strong></th> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <th>Risk</th> <td>+8% </td> <td>+4% </td> <td>+10%</td> <td>+8%</td> <td>+9%</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Scientific, Technical & Medical</th> <td>+3% </td> <td>+1% </td> <td>+3%</td> <td>+5%</td> <td>+4%</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Legal</th> <td>+8% </td> <td>+7% </td> <td>+5%</td> <td>+8%</td> <td>+8%</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Exhibitions</th> <td class="rad-border">-1% </td> <td class="rad-border">-149% </td> <td class="rad-border"><em>nm</em></td> <td class="rad-border"><em>nm</em></td> <td class="rad-border">+100%</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border"></th> <td class="rad-border">+5% </td> <td class="rad-border">-18% </td> <td class="rad-border">+13%</td> <td class="rad-border">+15%</td> <td class="rad-border">+13%</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p><em>nm: not meaningful</em></p> <p><em>   </em></p> <h3><span class="rad-thick">Condensed consolidated statement of financial position</span></h3> <div class="scroll-table-container"> <table class="rad-financialtable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <thead> <tr> <th rowspan="2">As at 31 December </th> <th>2019 <br /> £m</th> <th>2020 <br /> £m</th> <th>2021 <br /> £m</th> <th>2022 <br /> £m</th> <th><span>2023</span> <br /> <span>£m</span> </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <th>Non-current assets</th> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <th>Goodwill</th> <td>6,824 </td> <td>7,224 </td> <td>7,366</td> <td>8,388</td> <td>8,023</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Intangible assets</th> <td>3,452 </td> <td>3,425 </td> <td>3,304</td> <td>3,524</td> <td>3,238</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Investments in joint ventures</th> <td>118 </td> <td>103 </td> <td>105</td> <td>159</td> <td>178</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Other investments</th> <td>133 </td> <td>259 </td> <td>107</td> <td>127</td> <td>97</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Property, plant and equipment</th> <td>180 </td> <td>162 </td> <td>131</td> <td>126</td> <td>99</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Right of use assets</th> <td>264 </td> <td>216 </td> <td>161</td> <td>145</td> <td>113</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Other receivables</th> <td>31 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>19</td> <td>5</td> <td>1</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Deferred tax assets</th> <td>239 </td> <td>270 </td> <td>210</td> <td>146</td> <td>128</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Net pension assets</th> <td>45 </td> <td>47 </td> <td>46</td> <td>129</td> <td>119</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Derivative financial instruments</th> <td class="rad-border">58 </td> <td class="rad-border">138 </td> <td class="rad-border">52</td> <td class="rad-border">11</td> <td class="rad-border">47</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border"></th> <td class="rad-border">11,344 </td> <td class="rad-border">11,871 </td> <td class="rad-border">11,501</td> <td class="rad-border">12,760</td> <td class="rad-border">12,043 </td> </tr> <tr> <th>Current assets</th> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <th>Inventories and pre-publication costs</th> <td>217 </td> <td>240 </td> <td>253</td> <td>309</td> <td>318 </td> </tr> <tr> <th>Trade and other receivables</th> <td>2,067 </td> <td>1,927 </td> <td>1,960</td> <td>2,405</td> <td>2,323 </td> </tr> <tr> <th>Derivative financial instruments</th> <td>23 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>31</td> <td>21</td> <td>34 </td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Cash and cash equivalents</th> <td class="rad-border">138 </td> <td class="rad-border">88 </td> <td class="rad-border">113</td> <td class="rad-border">334</td> <td class="rad-border">155 </td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border"></th> <td class="rad-border">2,445 </td> <td class="rad-border">2,274 </td> <td class="rad-border">2,357</td> <td class="rad-border">3,069</td> <td class="rad-border">2,830 </td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Assets held for sale</th> <td class="rad-border">- </td> <td class="rad-border">- </td> <td class="rad-border">-</td> <td class="rad-border">-</td> <td class="rad-border">44</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Total assets</th> <td class="rad-border">13,789 </td> <td class="rad-border">14,145 </td> <td class="rad-border">13,858</td> <td class="rad-border">15,829</td> <td class="rad-border">14,917</td> </tr> <tr> <th></th> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <th>Current liabilities</th> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <th>Trade and other payables</th> <td>3,479 </td> <td>3,260 </td> <td>3,275</td> <td>4,017</td> <td>3,971</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Derivative financial instruments</th> <td>24 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>2</td> <td>33</td> <td>16</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Debt</th> <td>2,060 </td> <td>847 </td> <td>232</td> <td>870</td> <td>1,313</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Taxation</th> <td>372 </td> <td>149 </td> <td>192</td> <td>249</td> <td>163</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Provisions</th> <td class="rad-border">12 </td> <td class="rad-border">109 </td> <td class="rad-border">47</td> <td class="rad-border">18</td> <td class="rad-border">13</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border"></th> <td class="rad-border">5,947 </td> <td class="rad-border">4,374 </td> <td class="rad-border">3,748</td> <td class="rad-border">5,187</td> <td class="rad-border">5,476</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Liabilities associated with assets held for sale</th> <td class="rad-border">-</td> <td class="rad-border">-</td> <td class="rad-border">-</td> <td class="rad-border">-</td> <td class="rad-border">14</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="rad-border"> </td> <td class="rad-border">5,947</td> <td class="rad-border">4,374 </td> <td class="rad-border">3,748 </td> <td class="rad-border">5,187 </td> <td class="rad-border">5,490</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Non-current liabilities</th> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <th>Derivative financial instruments</th> <td>10 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>12</td> <td>236</td> <td>131</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Debt</th> <td>4,354 </td> <td>6,276 </td> <td>5,935</td> <td>5,860</td> <td>5,184</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Deferred tax liabilities</th> <td>593 </td> <td>665 </td> <td>591</td> <td>590</td> <td>473</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Net pension obligations</th> <td>565 </td> <td>671 </td> <td>315</td> <td>184</td> <td>182</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Other payables</th> <td>108 </td> <td>49 </td> <td>10</td> <td>3</td> <td>11</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Provisions</th> <td class="rad-border">22 </td> <td class="rad-border">6 </td> <td class="rad-border">23</td> <td class="rad-border">15</td> <td class="rad-border">7</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border"></th> <td class="rad-border">5,652 </td> <td class="rad-border">7,670 </td> <td class="rad-border">6,886</td> <td class="rad-border">6,888</td> <td class="rad-border">5,988</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Total liabilities</th> <td class="rad-border">11,599 </td> <td class="rad-border">12,044 </td> <td class="rad-border">10,634</td> <td class="rad-border">12,075</td> <td class="rad-border">11,478</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Net assets</th> <td class="rad-border">2,190 </td> <td class="rad-border">2,101 </td> <td class="rad-border">3,224</td> <td class="rad-border">3,754</td> <td class="rad-border">3,439</td> </tr> <tr> <th></th> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <th>Capital and reserves</th> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <th>Share capital</th> <td>286 </td> <td>286 </td> <td>286</td> <td>279</td> <td>275</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Share premium</th> <td>1,443 </td> <td>1,459 </td> <td>1,491</td> <td>1,517</td> <td>1,558</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Shares held in treasury</th> <td>-834 </td> <td>-887 </td> <td>-876</td> <td>-414</td> <td>-553</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Translation reserve</th> <td>292 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>250</td> <td>677</td> <td>392</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Other reserves</th> <td class="rad-border">979 </td> <td class="rad-border">1,214 </td> <td class="rad-border">2,081</td> <td class="rad-border">1,717</td> <td class="rad-border">1,788</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Shareholders’ equity</th> <td>2,166 </td> <td>2,099 </td> <td>3,232</td> <td>3,776</td> <td>3,460</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Non-controlling interests</th> <td class="rad-border">24 </td> <td class="rad-border">2 </td> <td class="rad-border">-8</td> <td class="rad-border">-22</td> <td class="rad-border">-21</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="rad-border">Total equity</th> <td class="rad-border">2,190 </td> <td class="rad-border">2,101 </td> <td class="rad-border">3,224</td> <td class="rad-border">3,754</td> <td class="rad-border">3,439</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div id="second-tab" class="my-content secondtab comnclass"> RELX NV Data is no longer available on this page 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